JP2008143750A - Method of accelerating composting of organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of efficiently and effectively composting organic waste such as cow dung or chicken dropping in a short period. <P>SOLUTION: Trihydric alcohol or fat and oil is added into the organic waste such as the cow dung or the chicken dropping and stirred to form a compost bed, The compost bed is appropriately turned over to activate the work of bacteria and thereby, the composting of the organic waste is remarkably accelerated. The fermentation process due to fermentation and degradation bacteria which usually takes several months is remarkably shortened and a large quantity of compost is supplied in a short period. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for promoting composting of organic waste.

  So far, research and development has been carried out for fermenting and decomposing organic waste represented by cow dung and chicken dung and reducing the decomposition products to compost as compost. In such organic waste composting technology, what plays a role of fermentative decomposition of organic waste is a bacterium called fermentative degrading bacteria.

  The method for promoting the composting of organic waste in the prior art often refers to the technology for promoting the decomposition reaction of organic waste by bacteria or the optimization of the field of decomposition reaction by bacteria.

As a technique for accelerating the decomposition reaction of organic waste by bacteria, for example, an organic deodorization / decomposition accelerator containing an aqueous silicic acid solution and chitosan as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. .
JP 2006-122731 A

On the other hand, as an invention intended to optimize the field of the decomposition reaction by bacteria, there is a treatment for livestock excreta comprising a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a saponification degree of 90 mol or more and a particle size of 2 to 20 mesh. It is disclosed.
JP 2006-110537 A

  The inventors of the present application have made extensive studies on a method for promoting the composting of organic waste such as cow dung and chicken dung, and by adding trihydric alcohol or oil to the organic waste, the growth of the bacteria is promoted. It was found that composting of waste was significantly accelerated.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and effectively composting organic waste in a short period of time based on this finding.

The configuration of the present invention for solving such a problem is as follows.
1) A method for promoting composting of organic waste, the first step of adding trivalent alcohol to the organic waste, the second step of fermenting and decomposing the organic waste by fermentation-degrading bacteria, A method for promoting composting of organic waste having a third step of turning back the organic waste having undergone fermentation 2) The organic waste according to 1) above, wherein the trivalent alcohol contains glycerin Method for promoting composting of waste 3) A method for promoting composting of organic waste, the first step of adding fats and oils and silicic acid to the organic waste, and fermentative decomposition of the organic waste by fermentation-degrading bacteria The organic waste composting promoting method 4), wherein the fats and oils are selected from animal oils or vegetable oils. As described in 3) above, 5) Organic waste composting promotion method 5) A method of composting organic waste, comprising adding a trivalent alcohol, fat and silicate compound to organic waste, A method for promoting composting of organic waste having a second step of fermenting and decomposing the organic waste and a third step of turning back the organic waste that has undergone fermentation 6) The organic waste contains cow dung. The method for promoting composting of organic waste as described in 1), 2) and 5) above, characterized in that 7) The organic waste contains chicken manure, as described in 3), 4) and 5) above This is a method for promoting composting of organic waste.

  Here, “turning back” means that the organic waste stacked in a pyramid shape is turned over with the progress of the fermentation decomposition process so that the entire organic waste can come into contact with the outside air.

  According to the present invention, by adding trivalent alcohol or fat to organic waste such as cow dung and chicken dung, the activity of bacteria is activated and the composting of organic waste is dramatically promoted. Therefore, it becomes possible to supply a large amount of compost in a short period of time.

  The feature of this invention is that the trihydric alcohol and fats and oils added to the organic waste are obtained from the waste material. In particular, in glycerin described later, waste glycerin generated after biodiesel is produced is used. Therefore, the cost can be kept low, and compost can be supplied relatively inexpensively.

  In fats and oils, either new oil or waste oil can be used. Moreover, you may use edible fats and oils, such as tempura oil discharged | emitted from a household etc., as shown in an Example, even if it is not industrial fats and oils.

  In addition, the fermentation-degrading bacterium used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not discharge harmful substances to the outside and has activity in the fermentation-decomposition process in the present invention. In general, it can be found in soils such as actinomycetes and filamentous fungi that exist in nature, aerobic fungi such as Bacillus subtilis scattered in the atmosphere, cow dung, chicken dung, etc. Examples include fungi such as anaerobic lactic acid bacteria.

  An example of the fermentation decomposition reaction process of this invention is shown below.

(1) Primary process After adding glycerin or tempura oil of about 5% by weight to cow dung or chicken dung, respectively, the mixture is stirred to form a pyramid-shaped compost bed.

(2) Secondary process A compost floor is formed, and the temperature of the compost floor rises to about 60 ° C within one day. For some time, the high temperature state continues and eventually the temperature of the compost floor decreases.

(3) Tertiary process In a fermentation decomposition process, a compost floor is turned over suitably and a pyramid-shaped compost floor is formed again. Immediately after switching, the temperature of the compost floor rises again.

  The steps (1) to (3) are repeated until the temperature of the compost bed does not increase significantly even after turning over. In addition, in the weight (about 10 kg-about 20 kg) of the cow dung or chicken dung used in the Example, the fermentation decomposition reaction was almost completed in about 10 days.

<First Example-1: Cow Feces Single Fermentation Test>
After adding 1.74 kg of waste glycerin (33% dilution) (4.9% by weight to cow dung) to 11.62 kg of cow dung, the mixture was stirred to form a pyramidal compost bed.

  The temperature immediately after the compost bed was formed was 25.6 ° C. Eventually, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature of the compost bed reached 60 ° C. 21 hours after the compost floor was formed. Here, in order to confirm the effect of turning back, turning was performed after 4 hours, that is, about 25 hours after the compost floor was formed (FIG. 1A).

  As a result of turning over, the compost bed temperature decreased to 33.4 ° C. However, the temperature of the compost bed rose to 58 ° C. 5 hours after the turn-over. After that, the compost floor maintained a temperature of about 55 ° C. even after being left for one day. A second turn-back was performed at the time shown in FIG.

  Thereafter, in FIG. 1, the turn-over is performed sequentially at the time points (c), (d), and (e), and finally the compost temperature is about 30 ° C. on the eighth day from the day when the compost floor is first formed. It was judged that the fermentation decomposition reaction was almost completed.

  FIG. 2 is a photograph of a change in appearance of the compost floor in the first example-1. After 4 days from the start of compost bed formation, it can be confirmed that the fermentation-decomposing bacteria are growing until the mycelium of the fermentation-decomposing bacteria can be confirmed on the surface of the compost floor (FIG. 2 (a), day 4). On the other hand, FIG. 2 (b) shows a case where rice husks are added to the cow dung, and the formation of mycelia derived from fermentation-degrading bacteria was observed as in FIG. 2 (a).

<First example-2: cow dung single fermentation test>
Based on the composition described in Table 1 below, the same test as in Example 1 was performed.

  FIG. 3 shows a sample (No. 14) obtained by adding 2.1 kg of waste glycerin to 14 kg of cow dung, followed by stirring to form a pyramid-shaped compost bed, and 0.5 kg of tempura oil for 14 kg of cow dung, This is a comparison with a sample (No. 16) in which 1.6 kg of sodium metasilicate 9 aqueous solution was added and stirred to form a pyramidal compost bed.

As shown in FIG. 3, the sample in which waste glycerin was added to cow dung as in the first example-1 formed a compost floor, and the temperature of the compost floor was about 65 ° C. the next day. Rose to. Thereafter, the reversion was repeated, and the fermentation decomposition reaction was almost completed in about 12 days.

  On the other hand, no. In the 16 samples, a slight increase in the temperature of the compost bed was observed as compared with the untreated sample (No. 22), but the rapid increase in the temperature of the compost bed observed when glycerin was added was observed. I couldn't. Therefore, in the fermentation decomposition reaction with respect to cow dung, it was shown that the combination of fats and oils and a silicic acid compound has no effect compared with the case of chicken dung described later.

<Second Example-1: Chicken Feces Single Fermentation Test>
Next, a test similar to the first example-2: cow dung single fermentation test was performed on the chicken dung. Each composition of the additive is as described in Table 2 below.

  In this test, the effect of a combination of glycerin, tempura oil, and sodium metasilicate 9 hydrate on chicken manure in the fermentation decomposition reaction was examined, and the results are shown in FIG.

  FIG. 4 shows a sample (No. 15) in which 2.1 kg of waste glycerin was added to 14 kg of chicken manure and stirred to form a pyramid-shaped compost bed, and 0.5 kg of tempura oil was similarly applied to 14 kg of chicken manure. This is a comparison with a sample (No. 17) in which 1.6 kg of sodium metasilicate 9 aqueous solution was added and stirred to form a pyramidal compost bed.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in contrast to the result of the first example: cow dung fermentation test 2, the sample in which waste glycerin was added to chicken dung showed a slight increase in the temperature of the compost bed. However, no dramatic increase in compost bed temperature was observed compared to the addition of glycerin to cow dung. Therefore, it was shown that glycerol does not have the effect in the fermentation decomposition reaction with respect to chicken manure.

  On the other hand, the sample (No. 17) obtained by adding 0.5 kg of tempura oil and 1.6 kg of sodium metasilicate aqueous solution to chicken manure has a compost bed temperature of around 60 ° C. as shown in FIG. Rose to. Although it is somewhat lower than the temperature at which the fermentation decomposition reaction at the time of glycerin addition in cow dung is repeated, the composting bed repeatedly rises and falls repeatedly after repeated turnover, and the fermentation decomposition reaction is almost completed in about 13 days. .

<2nd Example-2: Chicken manure single wooden frame fermentation test>
Next, the fermentation decomposition test of chicken manure was performed in a wooden frame (72 cm × 69 cm × 24 cm: volume 120 cm ³ ). In the usual fermentation decomposition test, a pyramid-shaped compost bed is created and tested. This time, by conducting a fermentation decomposition test of chicken manure in a wooden frame, we examined the contact surface of chicken manure with the outside air in the fermentation decomposition reaction, that is, the oxygen dependency of the fermentation decomposition bacteria.

  FIG. 5 shows the result of a fermentative decomposition test conducted by adding 3.99 kg of tempura oil and 10.88 kg of sodium metasilicate aqueous solution 9 to 65.87 kg of chicken manure, and then stirring and placing the sample in a wooden frame. Yes.

  As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the fermentation decomposition reaction is tested in the wooden frame, the rise in the temperature rise of the compost bed is worse than that in the second example-1. In the normal pyramid shape, the compost floor temperature rises to about 55 ° C during both days after the compost floor is formed. When done, the temperature of the compost floor has risen only a few degrees C even after one day.

  However, at the time of FIG. 5 (a), when turning back, a rapid increase in the temperature of the compost floor was observed. This result proves that the present fermentation decomposition process is oxygen-dependent, and that aerobic bacteria contribute to the fermentation decomposition reaction.

  Seven days after the compost floor formation, at the time of FIG. In this turning, the sample was left as it was without returning to the wooden frame, and the progress was observed.

  The sample taken out of the wooden frame continued to rise rapidly and eventually became constant around 50 ° C. The slope of the temperature rise after the compost floor is first formed (near the time of FIG. 5 (a)) is different from the slope of the temperature rise at the time of FIG. 5 (b) after turning over and taking out from the wooden frame. The point is also proof that this fermentation decomposition reaction is caused by oxygen dependence of aerobic bacteria.

  FIG. 6 is a photograph of a change in appearance of the compost floor in the second example-2. Also in the present Example, it can be confirmed that the substantially brown dried chicken manure was whitishly discolored by the mycelium as the fermentation decomposition progressed.

<Third Example-1: Mixed Compost Fermentation Test>
Next, a test was conducted in which cow dung and chicken dung were mixed and a fermentation decomposition reaction was simultaneously performed. The test was performed by dividing the sample into two samples depending on the addition method of each additive.

Sample 65: Mixed fermentation after individual adsorption After adding glycerin for cow dung, tempura oil and silicate compound (sodium silicate in this embodiment) individually for chicken dung, the cow dung and chicken dung are mixed and subjected to a fermentation decomposition reaction. Do.

Sample 66: Mixed Compost Batch Addition Fermentation decomposition reaction is carried out by adding glycerin, tempura oil, and a silicate compound (in this embodiment, sodium silicate) after previously mixing cow dung and chicken dung.

  Table 3 below shows the composition of each additive.

  The test results of the mixed fermentation after individual adsorption and the mixed compost batch addition fermentation are shown in the lower part of FIG. In both addition methods, the compost floor temperature reaches about 60 ° C. within one day after compost floor formation. Thereafter, the temperature of the compost bed gradually decreases every time when the turn-over is repeated, and in both tests, the reaction is almost completed in about 8 days after the first compost bed is formed. Even if chicken manure is mixed, the fermentation temperature can be increased to substantially the same fermentation temperature as when glycerin is added to cattle manure alone, and the fermentation decomposition reaction seems to be promoted.

  Moreover, FIG. 8 is a photograph of the appearance change of the compost floor in the third embodiment-1. In both addition methods, there is no difference in the appearance of the compost floor, and it can be confirmed that the fermentation decomposition reaction is in progress. Therefore, it was shown that it is possible to process cow dung and chicken manure together without adding additives individually to cow dung or chicken manure.

<Third Example-2: Three-type mixed compost fermentation test>
Next, rapeseed oil residue was added to cow dung and chicken dung, and a fermentation decomposition test was performed. Here, the rapeseed oil residue has two-sidedness as a food for the decomposition target substance and the fermentative decomposition bacteria.

  Table 4 below shows the composition of each additive.

  Sample No. Samples 55 and 56 differ only in the amount ratio of chicken manure and rapeseed oil residue, respectively, and do not contain silicate compounds such as tempura oil and metasilicic acid that are effective for the fermentation decomposition of chicken manure.

  On the other hand, sample No. 57, sample No. Compared to 55 and 56, rapeseed oil and metasilicic acid are added instead of a small amount of rapeseed oil residue.

  9 and 10 show the results of this test. Sample No. In 55, 56 and 57, a rapid increase in the temperature of the compost floor is observed after the compost floor is formed. In particular, sample no. In 57, the compost bed temperature reaches around 70 ° C.

  This sample No. A high compost bed temperature of 57 is believed to be a synergistic effect due to fermentative degradation of chicken manure caused by the addition of tempura oil and metasilicic acid.

  On the other hand, sample no. Comparing 55 and 56, sample No. 56, which is a sample with a large amount of rapeseed oil, has a slightly lower compost temperature. Therefore, the addition of rapeseed oil is considered to bring about a decrease in compost temperature.

  Therefore, sample no. One of the causes of the high compost bed temperature of 57 is that the amount of rapeseed oil residue added is small in addition to the synergistic effect of the addition of tempura oil and metasilicic acid.

  FIG. 10 is a photograph of a change in appearance of the compost floor in the third example-2. There is almost no difference in appearance in all three samples, and it can be seen that the fermentation decomposition reaction proceeds efficiently from the state that the mycelium spreads throughout the compost bed.

<3rd Example-3: Mixed compost fermentation test of different chicken manure>
Next, three kinds of mixed compost fermentation tests were conducted using different commercially available chicken manures, and the influence of the fermentation decomposition reaction due to the difference of chicken manures was examined.

  Table 5 below shows the composition of each additive.

  FIG. 11 shows the results of a three-type mixed compost fermentation test using the same amount of commercially available chicken manure.

  As a result of the test, it was found that the fermentation decomposition reaction proceeded almost equally even when different commercially available chicken dung was used. This result has shown that this composting promotion method is excellent in versatility, and this composting promotion method is a composting method with reproducibility.

  FIG. 12 is a photograph of a change in appearance of the compost floor in the third example-3. There is almost no difference in the appearance of the two samples, and it can be seen that the fermentation decomposition reaction proceeds efficiently from the state that the mycelium spreads uniformly throughout the compost bed.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively and efficiently compost organic waste such as cow dung and chicken dung. In particular, it is possible to drastically shorten the fermentation process using fermentation-degrading bacteria that usually requires several months, and it is possible to compost organic waste in a short time. Moreover, since cow dung, chicken dung, etc. can be mixed and processed at the same time, there are many advantages such as reduction of work cost or simplification of composting process.

  Each embodiment described above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this, and each configuration can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. is there.

It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a cow dung independent fermentation test. It is a photograph of the appearance change of the compost floor in a cow dung fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a cow dung independent fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a chicken manure single fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a chicken manure single wooden frame fermentation test. It is a photograph of the appearance change of the compost floor in the chicken manure single wooden frame fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a mixed compost fermentation test. It is a photograph of appearance change of a compost floor in a mixed compost fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in a 3 types mixed compost fermentation test. It is a photograph of the appearance form change of a compost floor in a triple mixed compost fermentation test. It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the compost floor in the mixed compost fermentation test of different chicken manure. It is a photograph of the appearance change of the compost floor in the mixed compost fermentation test of different chicken manure.

Claims (7)

A method for promoting composting of organic waste,
A first step of adding a trivalent alcohol to the organic waste;
A second step of fermenting and decomposing the organic waste by fermentation-degrading bacteria;
A third step of turning back the organic waste that has undergone fermentation, and a method for promoting composting of organic waste. The method for promoting composting of organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the trivalent alcohol contains glycerin. A method for promoting composting of organic waste,
A first step of adding fats and oils and silicic acid to the organic waste;
A second step of fermenting and decomposing the organic waste by the fermentative degrading bacteria;
A third step of turning back the organic waste that has undergone fermentation, and a method for promoting composting of organic waste.   The method for promoting composting of organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the fats and oils are selected from animal oils or vegetable oils. A method for promoting composting of organic waste,
A first step of adding the trivalent alcohol, the oil and fat, and the silicate compound to the organic waste;
A second step of fermenting and decomposing the organic waste by fermentation-degrading bacteria;
A third step of turning back the organic waste that has undergone fermentation, and a method for promoting composting of organic waste.   The organic waste composting promotion method according to claim 1, 2, and 5, wherein the organic waste contains cow dung.   6. The organic waste composting promotion method according to claim 3, 4 and 5, wherein the organic waste contains chicken manure.