JP2009268754A - Deodorization method for odor generated from livestock excreta - Google Patents
Deodorization method for odor generated from livestock excreta Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009268754A JP2009268754A JP2008122595A JP2008122595A JP2009268754A JP 2009268754 A JP2009268754 A JP 2009268754A JP 2008122595 A JP2008122595 A JP 2008122595A JP 2008122595 A JP2008122595 A JP 2008122595A JP 2009268754 A JP2009268754 A JP 2009268754A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、牛、豚、鶏等の家畜の糞尿を処理、あるいは乾燥、発酵によって有機肥料化するときに発生する臭気を軽減、あるいは除去するための消臭方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a deodorizing method for reducing or removing odor generated when manure of livestock such as cows, pigs and chickens is processed, or dried and fermented to become organic fertilizer.
牛、豚等の家畜の畜産産業や卵を得るための養鶏畜舎は大型化すると共に、畜舎および家畜の糞尿から発生する臭気が大きな問題となっている。また、これらの家畜の糞尿を有機肥料として再生するためのコンポスト工場においても糞尿の発酵、乾燥の過程でアンモニアを高濃度で含む臭気が発生し問題となっている。これらの臭気は、畜舎やコンポスト工場の操業の妨げとなり、また近隣周辺にまで流れると悪臭公害となって付近の住民の苦情となる。このため、これらの臭気を脱臭または消臭することによって無害化することが必須となる。 The livestock industry for livestock such as cattle and pigs and poultry farms for obtaining eggs are becoming larger, and the odor generated from livestock manure and livestock manure is a major problem. In addition, compost plants for regenerating manure from these livestock as organic fertilizers are problematic because of the odor that contains ammonia in high concentrations during the process of fermentation and drying of manure. These odors hinder the operation of livestock barns and compost factories, and if they flow to the vicinity, they become odor pollution and become complaints of local residents. For this reason, it is essential to detoxify these odors by deodorizing or deodorizing them.
この目的のためにこれまでさまざまな消臭剤や脱臭剤が提案されている。これらの剤の適用方法としては、消臭剤を家畜糞尿に直接散布して消臭する方法と、家畜糞尿から発生する臭気をブロアー等で分離し消臭剤と反応させる方法がある。家畜糞尿に直接処理する化学的な消臭剤としては、例えば(特許文献1)にリグニンスルホン酸もしくはその塩を用いた消臭剤、(特許文献2)には硫酸第一鉄にクエン酸またはリンゴ酸を添加した消臭組成物が提案されている。しかし、家畜糞尿に直接散布する場合には糞尿のすべてに散布することが必要になって消臭剤の使用量が膨大になり、さらに家畜糞尿を乾燥、発酵させることによって肥料を調製する工場においては肥料に消臭剤成分が混入する欠点があった。また消臭剤が水性液剤の場合には乾燥させるべき糞尿に水分を与えてしまうため肥料化の工程が妨げられてしまう欠点があった。 Various deodorizers and deodorizers have been proposed for this purpose. As methods for applying these agents, there are a method of deodorizing by directly spraying deodorant on livestock manure and a method of separating odor generated from livestock manure with a blower or the like and reacting with the deodorant. Examples of chemical deodorants that are directly treated on livestock manure include (PTL 1) a deodorant using lignin sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, and (PTL 2) ferrous sulfate with citric acid or A deodorant composition to which malic acid has been added has been proposed. However, when spraying directly on livestock manure, it is necessary to spray all of the manure and the amount of deodorant used is enormous. In addition, in plants where fertilizer is prepared by drying and fermenting livestock manure Has the disadvantage that deodorant components are mixed in fertilizer. In addition, when the deodorant is an aqueous liquid, there is a drawback in that the process of fertilizer is hindered because moisture is given to manure to be dried.
家畜糞尿から臭気ガスを分離し、消臭を行う例として(特許文献3)には臭気を塩酸や硫酸等の酸性水溶液と接触させ次いでリン酸等と過酸化物とを接触させる方法が用いられている。しかしこれらの消臭剤は、消臭を行った後で臭気と消臭剤との反応物を生じ、これを廃棄物として処理する必要があった。畜舎の規模が大きくなるにつれて生じる廃棄物は莫大なものとなり、これを廃棄する労力と廃棄に必要となる費用も同様に大きくなる。また廃棄物の発生が比較的少量となる消臭方法として微生物を利用した方法が提案されており、(特許文献4)にはバチルス・メガテリウム種に属する細菌を用いた脱臭剤、(特許文献5)にはバチルス属微生物菌を用いた脱臭方法が提案されている。しかし微生物を利用した消臭速度は遅いため、消臭するための設備に広大な場所が必要となることや、微生物の培養の条件を維持することが困難であるという欠点があった。
As an example of separating odor gas from livestock manure and deodorizing (Patent Document 3), a method of contacting odor with an acidic aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and then contacting phosphoric acid or the like with a peroxide is used. ing. However, these deodorizers produced a reaction product of odor and deodorant after deodorization, and it was necessary to treat this as waste. As the size of the barn grows, the amount of waste generated becomes enormous, and the labor and cost required to dispose of it increases as well. Further, a method using microorganisms has been proposed as a deodorizing method in which the generation of waste is relatively small. (Patent Document 4) describes a deodorizer using bacteria belonging to the species of Bacillus megaterium (
家畜糞尿から発生する臭気ガスを消臭するための種々の装置についても多くの提案があり、(特許文献6)には、家畜糞尿から発生する高濃度アンモニア臭気を脱臭塔に供給し回分式活性汚泥廃水処理施設から供給された活性汚泥液を用いて処理し、使用後の活性汚泥液を回分式活性汚泥廃水処理施設で処理を行う方法があるが、活性汚泥液と高濃度アンモニア臭気の反応性は高いものではなく、脱臭効率が高くないという問題があった。また反応液を活性汚泥法によって処理することによって余剰汚泥を生じ、これを廃棄するために費用がかかるという欠点があった。(特許文献7)には鶏糞から発生する臭気を、乾燥して発酵が進んだ状態の鶏糞に通じることによって臭気の拡散を防ぐ装置が提案されているが、高濃度のアンモニアを含む臭気を鶏糞に通じるだけでは完全にアンモニアが除去されず、その消臭効果は実用的なものではなかった。(特許文献8)には、水の噴霧によって畜舎から発生する臭気を除去し、生物的な処理によって処理水中のアンモニア成分の酸化および還元を行う方法が提案されている。しかし水の噴霧によるアンモニアの除去が完全でないことから、臭気の処理効率が低いという問題があった。(特許文献9)には、木毛セメント板を用いた脱臭装置が提案されている。しかし脱臭効果の持続性に乏しく十分な脱臭効果が得られにくい。また多量の木毛セメント板を定期的に交換することが必要であるため、コストがかかるという問題があった。(特許文献10)には家畜糞尿に酸化カルシウム等の反応剤を用いて第1〜5の工程で消臭する方法が提案されているが、工程が複雑で酸化カルシウムの発熱でアンモニア等の臭気を揮散させるため臭気の根本的な解決が困難であった。(特許文献11)には、畜尿を活性汚泥法で処理した液を、発酵中の堆肥に噴霧することによって消臭する方法が提案されているが、畜尿の処理液の消臭効果はアンモニアを高濃度に含有する臭気に対して十分なものではなく、畜尿を処理する活性汚泥装置や濃縮装置に多くの費用がかかるという欠点があった。 Many proposals have also been made on various devices for deodorizing odorous gas generated from livestock manure, and in (Patent Document 6), a high concentration ammonia odor generated from livestock manure is supplied to a deodorizing tower for batch-type activity. There is a method of treating activated sludge supplied from a sludge wastewater treatment facility and treating the activated sludge after use at a batch activated sludge wastewater treatment facility. The reaction between activated sludge and high-concentration ammonia odor However, the deodorization efficiency is not high. In addition, there is a disadvantage in that surplus sludge is produced by treating the reaction solution by the activated sludge method, and it is expensive to dispose of this. (Patent Document 7) proposes a device that prevents the odor generated from chicken dung from passing through the dried and fermented chicken dung, thereby preventing the odor from spreading. However, the ammonia was not completely removed by just passing through the process, and the deodorizing effect was not practical. (Patent Document 8) proposes a method of removing odor generated from a barn by spraying water and oxidizing and reducing an ammonia component in treated water by biological treatment. However, there is a problem that the odor treatment efficiency is low because the removal of ammonia by water spray is not complete. (Patent Document 9) proposes a deodorizing apparatus using a wood wool cement board. However, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient deodorizing effect because the deodorizing effect is not persistent. Moreover, since it is necessary to replace | exchange a large amount of wood wool cement board regularly, there existed a problem that cost increased. (Patent Document 10) proposes a method of deodorizing livestock manure using a reaction agent such as calcium oxide in the first to fifth steps, but the process is complicated and the odor of ammonia or the like due to the exothermic heat of calcium oxide. It was difficult to fundamentally solve the odor because of volatilization. (Patent Document 11) proposes a method for deodorizing a liquid obtained by treating livestock urine by an activated sludge method by spraying it on the compost during fermentation. There is a drawback that the activated sludge apparatus and the concentrating apparatus for treating livestock urine are expensive because the odor containing ammonia at a high concentration is not sufficient.
牛、豚、鶏等の畜舎やこれらの家畜から生じる糞尿から発生するアンモニアを含有する臭気を、消臭剤を用いて消臭し、さらに消臭後の反応液を、費用をかけることなく処理することが本発明の課題である。 Deodorize ammonia-containing odors from cattle, pigs, chickens and other livestock and manure generated from these livestock, and treat the reaction solution after deodorization without cost. This is the subject of the present invention.
本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、リン酸または/及び種々の有機酸を含有する消臭剤を用いて畜舎や家畜から生じるアンモニアを含有する臭気を消臭し、さらに消臭した液を糞尿へ混合することによって、廃棄物を発生させずに効率的に臭気を除去することが可能であることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have deodorized odors containing ammonia generated from livestock barns and livestock using a deodorant containing phosphoric acid and / or various organic acids, and further deodorized liquid. It was found that mixing odors with manure makes it possible to efficiently remove odors without generating waste, thereby completing the present invention.
すなわち本発明は、リン酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の酸を含有する消臭剤を、牛糞、豚糞、鶏糞の家畜糞尿から発生する臭気と接触させることによって消臭し、消臭後の反応液を糞尿へ混合することによって処理することを特徴とする家畜糞尿等の消臭方法である。 That is, the present invention is to contact a deodorant containing at least one acid selected from phosphoric acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid with odor generated from livestock manure of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung. It is a deodorizing method for livestock manure, etc., characterized in that it is treated by mixing the reaction solution after deodorization into feces and urine.
また本発明は、(成分A)リン酸と、(成分B)リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の酸を含有する消臭剤を、牛糞、豚糞、鶏糞の家畜糞尿から発生する臭気と接触させることによって消臭し、消臭後の反応液を糞尿へ混合することによって処理することを特徴とする家畜糞尿等の消臭方法である。 The present invention also provides a deodorant containing (Component A) phosphoric acid and (Component B) at least one acid selected from malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid. A deodorizing method for livestock manure or the like, characterized by deodorizing by contacting with odor generated from manure and mixing the deodorized reaction liquid into manure.
また本発明は、(成分A)リン酸と、(成分B)クエン酸、リンゴ酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種類の酸を含有する消臭剤を、牛糞、豚糞、鶏糞の家畜糞尿から発生する臭気と接触させることによって消臭し、消臭後の反応液を糞尿へ混合することによって処理することを特徴とする家畜糞尿等の消臭方法である。 Further, the present invention generates a deodorant containing at least one acid selected from (Component A) phosphoric acid and (Component B) citric acid and malic acid from cow dung, pig dung and chicken dung livestock dung. It is a deodorizing method for livestock manure, etc., characterized in that it is deodorized by contact with odor and treated by mixing the deodorized reaction liquid into manure.
本発明の消臭剤を用いた消臭方法を適用することにより、畜舎または家畜から発生する、アンモニアを含有する臭気を効果的に除去することが可能となり、消臭後の反応液を家畜の糞尿に混合することによって廃棄物を発生させずに消臭することができる。 By applying the deodorization method using the deodorant of the present invention, it becomes possible to effectively remove ammonia-containing odors generated from livestock barns or livestock, and the reaction solution after deodorization can be removed from livestock. By mixing it with manure, it can be deodorized without generating waste.
アンモニアを含む臭気の消臭には酸を用いることが有効であるが、硫酸や塩酸等の強酸は安価であるものの扱いにくく危険性が高い。消臭後に元の家畜糞尿に混合できる酸としては低分子の有機酸、例えばリンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、マロン酸、シュウ酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸等があり、その中でも水溶性が高く臭気のない、天然に存在して食品添加物としても認められている酸が適しており、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸を挙げることができる。また食品添加物に認められている無機酸としてリン酸も消臭剤として候補に挙げることができる。 Although it is effective to use an acid for deodorizing odors containing ammonia, strong acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are inexpensive but difficult to handle and have a high risk. Low acid organic acids such as malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid can be mixed into the original livestock manure after deodorization Among them, suitable are acids that are water-soluble and have no odor, and are naturally present and recognized as food additives. Examples thereof include malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid. Moreover, phosphoric acid can also be mentioned as a deodorant as an inorganic acid recognized by the food additive.
消臭剤として使用するリン酸には、オルトリン酸、ピロリン酸、メタリン酸、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸等が考えられるが、安全性の点を考慮するとオルトリン酸が望ましい。オルトリン酸は85%リン酸溶液として工業的に生産されたものを使用することができる。消臭剤におけるリン酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、フマル酸、コハク酸の濃度は特に制限されないが、1〜60%の範囲で配合されさらに好ましくは5〜50%で配合することができる。この濃度範囲より高濃度では製剤が困難で温度条件によっては酸が析出する恐れがある。またこの濃度範囲よりも低濃度では、消臭効果が十分に得られない。 As phosphoric acid used as a deodorant, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, and the like can be considered, but in view of safety, orthophosphoric acid is desirable. For orthophosphoric acid, an industrially produced 85% phosphoric acid solution can be used. The concentration of phosphoric acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid in the deodorant is not particularly limited, but it is blended in the range of 1 to 60%, more preferably 5 to 50%. . If the concentration is higher than this concentration range, preparation is difficult, and acid may be precipitated depending on temperature conditions. Further, at a concentration lower than this concentration range, the deodorizing effect cannot be sufficiently obtained.
製剤を行う場合、溶媒として水を用いることが最も適しているが、他の極性溶剤も混合して使用することも可能である。例えばメチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、アセトン、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルなどの極性溶剤を適宜使用することができる。リン酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸を含有した消臭剤には必要に応じて他の消臭剤成分、たとえば鉄、銅、コバルト、亜鉛等の金属塩、ブロモニトロエタノール、ブロモニトロエタノールジアセテート等の有機物、香料、着色剤等を混合することも差し支えない。 When formulating, it is most suitable to use water as a solvent, but other polar solvents can also be mixed and used. For example, polar solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether can be appropriately used. Deodorant containing phosphoric acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, if necessary, other deodorant components such as metal salts such as iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, bromonitroethanol, bromonitro Organic substances such as ethanol diacetate, fragrances, colorants, etc. may be mixed.
消臭剤を、高濃度アンモニアを含有する臭気に接触させる方法は特に制限されないが、反応塔におけるシャワー接触による方法、消臭剤を貯めた浴槽に臭気をばっ気させる方法、消臭剤を坦持あるいは固定化したカラムを通過させる方法等が可能である。 The method for bringing the deodorant into contact with an odor containing high-concentration ammonia is not particularly limited, but the method using a shower contact in the reaction tower, the method for blowing off the odor in the bathtub containing the deodorant, and the deodorant are supported. A method of passing through a column that is held or immobilized is possible.
廃棄物を出さない消臭方法として、糞尿に直接消臭剤を散布または噴霧する方法が考えられるが、この方法では全ての糞尿に消臭剤を散布する必要があり、コンポスト化のための乾燥が妨げられ、水が工場内の床に広がった場合には滑りやすくなって操業が困難になる恐れがある。消臭後の反応液を糞に混合させる場合は、湿度を調節すべき状態の一部の糞に混合させることができ、コンポスト化のための乾燥が妨げられることがない。 As a deodorizing method that does not generate waste, a method of spraying or spraying a deodorant directly on manure is conceivable. If the water is spread to the floor in the factory, it may become slippery and difficult to operate. When the reaction solution after deodorization is mixed with feces, it can be mixed with a portion of feces whose humidity is to be adjusted, and drying for composting is not hindered.
次に本発明の実施例及び試験例をあげて説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 表1、2に示す配合で実施例1〜10を、表3に比較例1〜5を、通常の攪拌による方法で調製した。 Next, although the Example and test example of this invention are given and demonstrated, this invention is not limited to these. Examples 1 to 10 were prepared with the formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2, and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were prepared in Table 3 by a method using ordinary stirring.
(試験例1)
容器に鶏糞20gを入れ、消臭剤実施例1〜10または消臭剤比較例1〜5をそれぞれ0.5ml添加して、経時的にアンモニア濃度を検知管(ガステック社製、アンモニア用検知管3M、3La)を用いて測定した。結果を図1〜4に示す。実施例においてアンモニア濃度は急速に低下し、十分な消臭効果を示した。
(Test Example 1)
Add 20 g of chicken manure into the container, add 0.5 ml each of Deodorant Examples 1 to 10 or Deodorant Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and detect the ammonia concentration over time with a detector tube (manufactured by GASTEC, detector for ammonia) Measurements were made using tubes 3M, 3La). The results are shown in FIGS. In the examples, the ammonia concentration decreased rapidly and showed a sufficient deodorizing effect.
(試験例2)発芽試験
実施例1〜3、6〜8を、それぞれアンモニアと反応させて中和した液を調製した。鶏糞を乾燥、発酵させた肥料100gにその液を2g(2%)または5g(5%)加えた後、蒸留水で20倍に希釈した。30分放置し、十分に攪拌した液をNo.5A濾紙で濾過した。シャーレにNo.2濾紙を2枚入れ、そこに濾過液を10ml加えた。さらにカイワレダイコンまたはコマツナの種子100粒を散布し、25℃において培養を行った。2日、4日後に発芽状態を観察し、発芽率を算出した。結果を表4に示す。実施例とアンモニアの反応液の発芽率に対する影響は認められなかった。
(Test Example 2) Germination test Examples 1 to 3 and 6 to 8 were each reacted with ammonia to prepare neutralized solutions. After 2 g (2%) or 5 g (5%) of the liquid was added to 100 g of fertilizer obtained by drying and fermenting chicken manure, it was diluted 20 times with distilled water. The liquid which was allowed to stand for 30 minutes and sufficiently stirred was filtered through No. 5A filter paper. Two pieces of No. 2 filter paper were put in a petri dish, and 10 ml of the filtrate was added thereto. Furthermore, 100 seeds of silkworm radish or Komatsuna were sprayed and cultured at 25 ° C. The germination state was observed after 2 days and 4 days, and the germination rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4. No effect on the germination rate of the reaction solution of Example and ammonia was observed.
本発明の消臭方法によって廃棄物を出すことなく、家畜糞尿から発生する、高濃度にアンモニアを含有する臭気を効率的に除去することが可能となる。 It is possible to efficiently remove the odor containing ammonia at a high concentration generated from livestock manure without producing waste by the deodorization method of the present invention.
Claims (3)
Deodorant containing (Component A) phosphoric acid and (Component B) at least one acid selected from citric acid and malic acid is brought into contact with odor generated from livestock manure of cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung. The deodorizing method for livestock manure or the like according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deodorizing method is performed by mixing the reaction solution after deodorizing with manure.
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