JP2008132431A - Filter apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filter apparatus which enables the execution of treated water back washing with a simple configuration. <P>SOLUTION: The filter apparatus comprises: a flow-in port part 26a for flowing-in of raw water in an inflow part 21 of a filter 9 for carrying out filtration by a filter medium 17 by flow from the inflow part 21 to an outflow part 23 and back-washing of the filter medium 17 by a reverse flow from the outflow part 23 to the inflow part 21; a first three-way valve 25 capable of switching a back washing water discharge port part 26c for discharging back washing water to the inflow part 21; an outflow port part 29b for flowing-out of treated water, which is subjected to filtration treatment, in the outflow part 23 of the filter 9; and a second three-way valve 28 capable of switching a back washing water inflow port part 29c for flowing-in of back washing water to the outflow part 23. Accordingly, a filtration channel A for carrying out filtration treatment and a back washing water discharge channel B for carrying out back washing and discharging the back washing water are switchable by the three-way valves 25 and 28 to carry out back washing with treated water in a simple configuration. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtration device used for, for example, filtration of well water.

  In general, in order to remove impurities dissolved in well water, for example, iron ions, an oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite is injected into the well water and oxidized to form insoluble water whose particles have been enlarged by this oxidation treatment. A technique of supplementing ferric oxide with a filter medium is used. The removal of manganese ions contained in the well water is catalytically oxidized by the autocatalytic action provided by the filter medium, and is adhered to the filter medium as hydrated manganese dioxide. And the method of always activating the hydrated manganese dioxide of the filter medium surface with the said sodium hypochlorite is used.

  The filter used for removing iron and manganese contained in such well water includes, for example, a filter in which the filter is filled with ceramic filter sand or manganese dioxide filter material coated with manganese dioxide on the surface. Is used so that impurities contained therein are filtered while the well water passes through the filter medium.

  By the way, filtration performance falls as filter water advances.

  For this reason, conventionally, in filtration devices, raw water (water before filtration) is circulated (backflowed) from the opposite direction of the filtration device to the filter material to wash away impurities such as iron attached to the filter material. Yes (raw water backwashing).

  However, since the raw water is water whose quality is not improved (dirty water containing impurities), the filter medium is not sufficiently washed, and the life of the filter medium cannot be extended sufficiently due to a decrease in the regeneration capacity of the filter medium. .

Therefore, recently, as shown in Patent Document 1, the backwash water is not the raw water, but the improved water, that is, the treated water is caused to flow back to the filtration device to wash away the dirt on the filter medium. (Treated water backwashing).
JP 2000-269630 A

  However, the conventional filtration device for backwashing with treated water has a flow path switching structure that allows backwashing of treated water to a filter that already has a five-way valve that switches the flow path of raw water backwash. An additional structure is used. Specifically, a structure in which various valve devices and various passage structures are added to a five-way valve of a filter so that the switching structure is made into one module and backwashing with treated water is possible is used.

  For this reason, the filter apparatus which enabled the backwashing with the treated water is forced to have a complicated structure. Moreover, since it is necessary to use a dedicated switching structure, the cost is likely to be considerably high. In addition, many control systems are required for switching the flow path, and the control tends to be complicated. In addition, since the raw water and the treated water are adjacent to each other through the switching structure, in the unlikely event that the switching structure breaks down and a leak occurs, a serious accident occurs in which the raw water flows out to the treated water side. There was a fear.

  Then, the objective of this invention is providing the filtration apparatus which enabled implementation of treated water backwashing with a simple structure.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present invention is such that the filtering process is performed with the filter medium in the flow from the inflow part to the outflow part, and the reverse of the filter medium in the flow from the reverse outflow part to the inflow part. A first three-way valve capable of switching an inlet portion into which raw water flows and a backwash water drainage port for draining backwash water with respect to the inflow portion is provided at the inflow portion of the filter where washing is performed. The outflow part is provided with a second three-way valve that can switch the outflow part through which the treated water that has been filtered out flows, and the backwash water inflow part through which the backwash water flows into the outflow part, The three-way valve can be switched between a filtration path for performing filtration and a backwash drainage path for draining backwash and backwash water.

  In the invention according to claim 2, the filter removes iron and manganese contained in the well water in order to obtain a filtration device suitable for the well water.

  The invention described in claim 3 has a configuration having an oxidant injection device for injecting an oxidant into raw water flowing into the filter so as to maintain a constant concentration in order to promote the removal of iron and manganese. .

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the flow rate detector detects the flow rate of the treated water flowing out from the outlet of the second three-way valve so that the injection of the oxidizing agent can always be performed properly and appropriately. There is a configuration in which the injection device is assembled to the secondary side of the three-way valve so that the injection tool is injected into the raw water flowing into the filter medium from the first three-way valve.

  The invention according to claim 5 is provided with a washing drain valve for draining the polluted water immediately after the backwashing to the outside on the secondary side of the flow rate detection unit so that the polluted water just after the backwashing is not used. It is in providing.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the first and second three-way valves have a simple structure in which the filtration path for performing filtration and the backwash drainage path for draining backwash and backwash water are switched. It is possible to switch between filtration and backwashing with treated water.

  Therefore, the filtration device can perform backwashing of treated water with a simple structure using the first and second three-way valves. In addition, the filtration device can reduce the cost. In addition, the control system of the filtration device is simplified, so control is simple. In addition, since the pipe through which the raw water flows and the pipe through which the treated water flows are connected via a filter, even if each three-way valve breaks down, the raw water does not flow out to the treated water side.

  According to invention of Claim 2, the filtration apparatus suitable for well water can be provided.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3, removal of iron and manganese can be accelerated | stimulated.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, injection | pouring of an oxidizing agent can always be performed appropriately and appropriately.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, it can prevent that the polluted water immediately after finishing backwashing is supplied.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows the main part of a water supply system that supplies water by filtering well water (raw water), and FIGS. 2 to 46 show the flow of water during each operation of the system. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a well serving as a water intake source, 2 denotes a raw water intake pump for pumping the water (raw water) of the well 1 (raw water), for example, a land pump, and 3 denotes a filtration device for purifying the well water.

  The filtration device 3 will be described. Reference numeral 5 denotes an inlet portion formed on one end side of the device 3, for example, and 6 denotes an outlet portion formed on the other end side of the device. In the flow path 7 from the inlet portion 5 to the outlet portion 6, an iron removal manganese removal tank 9 (equivalent to a filter of the present application) suitable for, for example, well water purification, and an oxidant injection device 30 are arranged in this order from the upstream side. Has been.

  The inlet part 5 is connected to the discharge part of the land pump 2 via the relay path 10, and the outlet part 6 is connected to the water receiving tank 12 via the relay path 10 a and passes through the iron removal manganese removal tank 9. Well water from the land pump 2 is temporarily stored in the water receiving tank 12. The water receiving tank 12 is provided with a ball tap 12a at a portion to which the end of the relay path 10a is connected in order to maintain a constant water storage amount. The water receiving tank 12 is equipped with a pump for pumping up water (treated water) in the tank, for example, a water pump 14 that also serves as a backwash pump (for backwashing), and purified water is passed through a household pipe 13 extending from the pump 14. Water is sent to a household faucet (not shown).

  The iron removal manganese removal tank 9 has a filter medium suitable for the purification of well water such as ceramic filter sand or manganese dioxide filter medium coated with manganese dioxide on the inside of the vertical tank 16 except for the upper and lower stages. A structure filled with 17 is used. In the tank 16, the upper stage in the tank is an introduction chamber 18, and the lower stage is a collection chamber 19. The introduction chamber 18 houses a supply pipe 20 whose outlet side faces the upper part of the tank and whose inlet side penetrates the side of the tank and protrudes out of the tank. An inlet end disposed outside the tank of the supply pipe 20 is used as an inflow portion 21 of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9. The collection chamber 19 is connected to a collection pipe 22 that passes through the lower part of the tank and protrudes downward from the tank. The outlet end arranged outside the tank of the collecting pipe 22 is used as the outflow portion 23 of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9.

  An inflow portion 21 of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 has a three-way valve, for example, a filtration / backwash drainage switching valve 25 composed of an electric three-way valve (corresponding to the first three-way valve of the present application: hereinafter, simply the switching valve 25. Is assembled). The switching valve 25 includes a suction port 26a (corresponding to the inflow port portion of the present application) communicating with the inlet portion 5, an outflow port 26b communicating with the inflow portion 21, and a reverse port configured to drain backwash water to the outside. It has a flush drain 26c (corresponding to the backwash drain of the present application). Then, the excitation of the motor unit 26d switches the flow paths of the suction port 26a and the backwash drainage port 26c with respect to the inflow portion 21, such as “suction port 26a and outlet 26b” and “outflow port 26b and backwash drain 26c”. Can be done.

  In addition, the outflow portion 23 is assembled with a three-way valve, for example, a filtration / backwash switching valve 28 (corresponding to the second three-way valve of the present application: hereinafter, simply referred to as a switching valve 28) constituted by an electric three-way valve. The switching valve 28 includes an inlet 29a communicating with the outlet 23, a discharge port 29b (corresponding to the outlet of the present application) that discharges treated water after filtration to the flow path 7, and backwashing for backwashing water inflow It has a water inlet 29c (corresponding to the backwash water inlet of the present application). Then, by the excitation of the motor unit 29d, switching of the flow paths of the discharge port 29b and the backwash flow port 29c with respect to the outflow portion 23, such as “inflow port 29a and discharge port 29b” and “flow port 29b and backwash water flow port 29c”. Can be done.

  The backwash water inlet 29c is connected to the household pipe 13 extending from the water supply pump 14 via the treated water supply pipe 27, and the switching valve 25 is “in the direction in which the suction port 26a and the outlet 26b are communicated”. When the switching valve 28 is switched to “the direction in which the inflow port 29a and the discharge port 29b are communicated”, the path through which the impurities contained in the well water (raw water) are filtered, that is, the well water passes the filter medium 17 in the downflow. A filtration path A (FIG. 2) is formed in which the air travels toward the outflow portion 23 while passing therethrough. When the switching valve 25 is switched to “the direction in which the outlet 26b and the backwash drain 26c are communicated” and the switching valve 28 is switched to “the direction in which the inlet 29a and the backwash water inlet 29c are communicated”, the treated water (Water that has been subjected to the filtration treatment) The path through which the filter medium 17 is backwashed, that is, the treated water from the water supply pump 14 that also serves as a backwash pump flows through the filter medium 17 in the reverse direction (upflow). The backwash water drain path B (FIG. 3) is formed in which the attached dirt (impurities) is washed away and the backwash water after washing is drained to the outside through the backwash drain 26c. That is, the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 can be switched between the filtration path A and the backwash water drainage path B only by the switching valves 25 and 28.

  The oxidant injection device 30 is a device that injects an oxidant into raw water so as to maintain a constant concentration, and detects a flow pipe 31 and a flow rate installed in the flow pipe 31 and flowing through the flow pipe 31. A rotary vane type flow sensor 32 (corresponding to the flow rate detection unit of the present application), a chemical liquid tank 34 containing sodium hypochlorite liquid as an oxidant for promoting the removal of iron and manganese, and the next in the chemical liquid tank 29 A chemical pump 35 (oxidant supply pump) that pumps sodium chlorite liquid, an injection device 36 for injecting sodium hypochlorite liquid pumped from the pump 35, and an electrical unit that controls the chemical pump 35 37.

  In the apparatus, the flow pipe 31 is connected to the secondary flow path 7 extending from the discharge port 29 b of the switching valve 28. Thus, the flow rate sensor 32 is assembled at a portion (from the discharge port 29b to the outlet portion 6) where the treated water flows. The injection tool 36 is connected to a secondary side point from the outlet 26b of the switching valve 25, for example, a pipe portion from the inlet 26b to the tip of the supply pipe 20 via a tube member 36a extending from the discharge portion of the chemical pump 35. It is connected and assembled, and sodium hypochlorite solution is injected into the well water before being filtered. Of course, the injection tool 36 may be connected to the upper part of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9. The electrical unit 37 is set with a function for controlling the capability of the chemical pump 35 according to the flow rate of the treated water detected by the flow sensor 32 so that a constant chemical concentration with respect to the raw water is maintained. As a result, the oxidizing agent is injected at a constant concentration into the well water immediately before filtration.

  Further, on the secondary side of the flow rate sensor 32, for example, in a pipe portion between the flow pipe 31 and the outlet portion 6, washing drainage for discharging the polluted water immediately after the backwashing from the drain port 39 a to the outside. A valve 39 is provided. A three-way valve, for example, an electric three-way valve, is used as the washing drain valve 39. Immediately after back washing, when switching to the drain drain side by excitation of the motor unit 39b, the polluted water flowing out through the flow pipe 31 is discharged to the outlet portion. Instead of going to 6, all the water is drained from the drain port 39a in the middle.

  The switching valves 25 and 28 and the washing / draining valve 39 are connected to the control unit 40 (for example, one including a microcomputer) together with the oxidant injection device 27. Thereby, the filtration operation, the treated water backwater operation, and the washing operation are performed.

That is, for example, the control unit 40 includes
A function of controlling each valve so that the well water (raw water) flowing from the inlet portion 5 normally goes to the outlet portion 6 through the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 and the oxidant injection device 30 (filtration path A). (Filtration operation),
-During filtration operation, for example, a function that determines the timing for backwashing from a certain time or the accumulated flow rate and operating time of the onshore pump 2
A function for controlling each valve so that the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 backwashes the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 with the treated water in the water receiving tank 12 (backwash drainage path B) at the start of backwashing. (Treated water backwash operation),
・ Function to perform backwash of treated water for a predetermined time,
-When the specified backwash time has elapsed, the function to perform cleaning drainage (contaminated water immediately after backwashing to the outside) for a specified time (cleaning operation),
-A function to return to the filtration operation after washing drainage is set.

  Next, the operation of the thus configured filtration device 3 will be described.

  It is assumed that normal filtration operation is performed now. At this time, the switching valve 25 is switched to the raw water inflow side, the switching valve 28 is switched to the treated water outflow side, and the washing drain valve 39 is moved to the treated water passage side as shown in FIG. It has been switched. The oxidizer injection device 30 is operating.

  Then, the well water (raw water) pumped by the onshore pump 2 is removed from the inlet 5 through the switching valve 25 and the supply pipe 20 as shown by the thick line in FIG. It flows out into the introduction chamber 18 of the iron removal manganese tank 9.

  Here, since impurities contained in the well water, here, iron ions and manganese ions are difficult to filter as they are, the oxidant from the injector 36 to the well water (raw water) flowing into the iron removal manganese removal tank 9, For example, sodium hypochlorite solution is injected (flow proportional injection). By the injection of sodium hypochlorite, iron ions contained in the well water are oxidized to become insoluble ferric hydroxide, and the particles are enlarged. This ferric hydroxide is captured by the filter medium 17 while passing through the filter medium 17. On the other hand, manganese ions are not oxidized or precipitated by sodium hypochlorite, but are contact oxidized by the filter medium 17 coated with manganese dioxide, and adhere to the filter medium 17 as hydrated manganese dioxide. In addition, the hydrated manganese dioxide on the surface of the filter medium is constantly activated by sodium hypochlorite.

  The well water that has been filtered, that is, the treated water, reaches the outlet 6 through the collection chamber 19, the collection pipe 22, the flow pipe 31, and the washing drain valve 39. This treated water flows into the relay pipe 10 a and is temporarily stored in the water receiving tank 12. Then, the treated water stored in the water receiving tank 12 is supplied to various water taps (not shown) such as a household faucet through the home piping 13 by the operation of the water supply pump 14. At this time, the electrical unit 37 detects the flow rate of the treated water passing through the flow pipe 31 with the flow rate sensor 32, controls the chemical liquid pump 35 according to the detection result, and according to the flow rate of the treated water, the injection tool 36. So, sodium hypochlorite is injected into the raw water (flow proportional injection).

  It is assumed that the filtration operation has continued and it is time to backwash the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 (for example, by integrating the operation time of the land pump 2).

  Then, the command which starts filtration is output from the control part 40, it switches to the backwashing drainage path B, and treated water backwashing is performed. That is, in the treated water backwash operation, the switching valve 25 is switched to the backwash drainage side, the switching valve 28 is switched to the treated water inflow side, and the feed water pump 14 is operated as a backwash pump as shown in FIG. Done.

  Thereby, as shown by the thick line in FIG. 3, a part of the treated water stored in the water receiving tank 12 passes through the treated water supply pipe 27 and the collecting pipe 22 to the secondary side of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9. That is, it flows into the collecting chamber 29 for well water (raw water). Then, the treated water flows into the supply pipe 20 while flowing back in the iron removal manganese removal tank 9, and the dirt (iron, manganese: impurities) attached to the filter medium 17 is washed away by stirring or rubbing caused by the water flow. The dirty treated water that has been backwashed is drained from the backwash water drain 26c of the switching valve 25 to the outside. Thereby, the filter medium 17 is washed with clean treated water (treated water backwashing).

  When the treated water backwash operation of the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 is completed (for example, a preset backwash time has elapsed), the operation is switched to a washing operation in which dirt remaining in the tank is washed away. This is done by returning the switching valves 25 and 28 and switching the washing drain valve 39 to the drain side as shown in FIG.

  By this switching, a cleaning path C is formed as shown by the thick line in FIG. Then, well water (raw water) flows again from the primary side to the secondary side in the iron removal manganese removal tank 9. As a result, the dirt (minor iron and manganese generated in the backwashing operation) remaining in the iron removal manganese tank 9 during the backwashing flows out of the switching valve 28 as contaminated water, and the washing drain valve 39 on the way. From the outside to the outside (a certain amount of drainage: washing wastewater).

  When the washing operation is finished, the flow returns to the filtration operation indicated by the thick line in FIG. 2 (normal state).

  Thus, the filtration device 3 is different from the conventional complicated five-way valve in which various valve structures and various passages are combined to enable backwashing of treated water, and the switching valve 25 configured by a three-way valve, Switching between the filtration path A and the backwash drainage path B can be realized with a simple structure in which only 28 is provided.

  Therefore, the iron removal manganese removal tank 9 can be backwashed with treated water while having a simple structure. And the cost reduction of the filtration apparatus 3 can be aimed at. In addition, since the control system only needs to switch between the two three-way valves, the control system is simpler than the control that requires matching of many systems that switch the conventional path. Also, the occurrence of failures is reduced. Particularly, it is effective for the filtration device 3 for removing iron and manganese, which is used for domestic water supply that is required to be small and inexpensive. In addition, since the pipe through which the raw water circulates and the pipe through which the treated water circulates are connected via the iron removal manganese removal tank 9, even if the switching valves 25 and 28 should break down, the raw water is brought to the treated water side. There is no worry of leaking.

  Moreover, when the oxidant is injected from the oxidant injection device 30 into the raw water flowing into the iron removal manganese tank 9, the performance of filtering well water can be promoted. Effective when iron and manganese concentrations are high. In particular, when the flow rate sensor 32 of the device 30 is provided on the secondary side of the switching valve 28, the rotary blade that is the part that operates for detecting the flow rate during the filtration operation always touches clean treated water. The flow sensor 32 can be protected from the adhesion of foreign matters without providing a separate means for providing foreign matter removal means such as providing a strainer on the primary side of the iron removal manganese tank. For this reason, it is always possible to promise a highly accurate oxidant injection. In addition, when the flow sensor 32 is on the secondary side of the switching valve 28, there is an advantage that the flow sensor 32 can prevent wasteful injection of the oxidant from the detection of the reverse flow during the treated water backwash operation. In addition, if the injection device 36 for injecting the oxidant is connected to the secondary side of the switching valve 25, when the water flow is stopped, the switching valve 25 retains only raw water as iron and manganese ions. It is not affected by the high concentration of iron and manganese, and there is no sticking of the valve part even with a simple structure.

  In addition, when the washing drain valve 39 is provided on the secondary side of the flow sensor 32, the state that the treated water passes through the flow sensor 32 continues until the normal filtration operation is returned from the washing operation after the treated water back washing operation. The problem that the water which is not discharged flows out from the exit part 6 can be avoided.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, the treated water stored in the water receiving tank is used as the backwash water. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the treated water is secured by other means and the treated water is backwashed. Good.

The figure which shows the structure of the filtration apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the state which the filtration apparatus is carrying out the filtration operation. The figure which shows the state which the filtration apparatus is carrying out the treated water backwash operation. The figure which shows the state of the washing | cleaning driving | operation performed immediately after the treated water backwashing operation | movement of the filtration apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Filtration apparatus, 9 ... Iron removal manganese removal tank (filter), 17 ... Filter material, 21 ... Inflow part, 23 ... Outflow part, 25 ... Switching valve (1st three-way valve), 26a ... Suction inlet (flow) Inlet part), 26c ... Backwash drain (backwash water drain part), 28 ... Switching valve (second three-way valve), 29b ... Discharge port (outlet part), 29c ... Backwash water inlet (backwash) Water inlet part), 30 ... oxidizer injection device, 32 ... Flow rate sensor (flow rate detection part), 36 ... Injection tool, 39 ... Washing drain valve.

Claims (5)

An inflow part into which raw water flows, an outflow part from which treated treated water flows out, and a filter medium provided between the inflow part and the outflow part, and flows from the inflow part toward the outflow part And a filter in which the filtering material is back-washed with a flow from the reverse outflow part to the inflow part,
The inflow portion of the filter has an inflow portion into which raw water flows and a backwash water drainage portion for draining backwash water, and the inflow portion and the backwash water drainage portion are introduced into the inflow portion. A first three-way valve switchable with respect to the part;
The outlet portion of the filter is provided with an outlet portion from which treated water that has been filtered out flows out and a backwash water inlet portion into which backwash water flows, and the outlet portion and the backwash water inlet portion. A second three-way valve switchable with respect to the outflow part,
The filter is configured to be switchable between a filtration path for performing a filtration process and a backwash drainage path for draining backwash and backwash water by the first and second three-way valves. Filtration device.   The said filter is a filter which removes iron and manganese contained in well water, The filtration apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   Furthermore, it has an oxidant injection device for inject | pouring an oxidant into the raw | natural water which flows into the said filter so that a fixed density | concentration may be maintained, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Filtration device. The oxidant injection tank device has a flow rate detection unit that detects the flow rate of the injection target, and a pump unit that pumps the stored oxidant to the injection tool according to the detection of the flow rate detection unit,
The flow rate detector is assembled to the secondary side of the three-way valve so as to detect the flow rate of the treated water flowing out from the outlet portion of the second three-way valve,
The filtration device according to claim 3, wherein the injection device is assembled to the secondary side of the three-way valve so as to be injected into the raw water flowing into the filter medium from the first three-way valve.   The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein a washing drain valve for draining the polluted water immediately after backwashing to the outside is provided on the secondary side of the flow rate detection unit.

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