JP2008029987A - Waste treatment apparatus and waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste treatment apparatus and a waste treatment method which can treat a waste at a suitable temperature over the whole of the waste. <P>SOLUTION: The waste treatment apparatus 1 has a heating furnace 3, a heating means 9-1 to 9-4 for heating inside the heating furnace 3, and a carbonization vessel 5-1 to 5-6 with the waste, at least a part of which is held in the heating furnace 3, wherein the waste treatment apparatus 1 is equipped with the heating means 9-1 to 9-4 for agitating a gas in the heating furnace 3, with the carbonization vessel 5-1 to 5-6 divided upwards and downwards, and a passage 31 of the gas in the heating furnace located between the carbonization vessels 5-1 to 5-6. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus and waste treatment for sterilizing infectious medical wastes including, for example, vinyl chloride (vinyl chloride) products discharged from hospitals and the like, and thermally decomposing polyvinyl chloride products to make them harmless. Regarding the method.

  Infectious medical waste discharged from hospitals or the like must be sterilized by heating at 250 ° C. to 300 ° C. for a certain time (see Patent Document 1). However, infectious medical waste often contains PVC products. When PVC is heated to the above temperature, it decomposes and generates harmful chlorine gas.

Therefore, instead of directly treating infectious medical waste in a heating furnace, the infectious medical waste is put in a dry distillation container, which is a sealed container provided in the heating furnace, and heated indirectly, and the dry distillation container The chlorine gas generated inside is removed through piping.
JP-A-8-182750

  To process a large amount of infectious medical waste at once, it is necessary to enlarge the dry distillation container. However, when the dry distillation vessel becomes large, the temperature gradient in the inside becomes large. That is, the temperature is high above the inside of the dry distillation vessel, and the temperature is low below. In this case, if the heating conditions are controlled so as to be an appropriate temperature in the upper part of the dry distillation container, the temperature necessary for sterilization is not reached in the lower part of the dry distillation container. Conversely, if the heating conditions are controlled so that the temperature is appropriate at the bottom of the dry distillation vessel, the temperature rises too much at the upper portion of the dry distillation vessel, and the high melting point resin contained in the waste melts out. Subsequent processing becomes difficult.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the above point, and it aims at providing the waste processing apparatus and waste processing method which can be processed at a suitable temperature over the whole waste.

(1) The invention of claim 1
A waste treatment apparatus comprising: a heating furnace; a heating unit that heats the inside of the heating furnace; and a dry distillation container that holds at least a part of the heating furnace and holds waste, the heating furnace Characterized in that the dry distillation vessel is divided in the vertical direction, and a gas flow path in the heating furnace is formed between the divided dry distillation vessels. The gist of the waste treatment apparatus is as follows.

  In the present invention, since a stirring means for stirring the gas in the heating furnace is provided, the gas (for example, air) in the heating furnace is well stirred, and the dry distillation vessel is divided in the vertical direction. Since the gas flows between them, the temperature variation in the vertical direction of the dry distillation vessel is reduced.

Therefore, according to the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to treat the waste contained in the dry distillation container at an appropriate temperature.
Examples of the heating means include a gas burner, and more specifically, a high speed burner, an excess burner, and the like. A high speed burner is preferable because the speed of the combustion gas is high and the effect of stirring the gas in the heating furnace is high.

Examples of the stirring means include a gas burner that injects combustion gas into a heating furnace. Both the stirring means and the heating means can be gas burners.
The gas flow path is not particularly limited as long as it allows a gas flow. For example, the gas flow path may be a gap between divided dry distillation containers.
(2) The invention of claim 2
The waste according to claim 1, wherein the stirring means is means for blowing combustion gas into the heating furnace from a position above the dry distillation container and a position below the dry distillation container. The gist of the processing apparatus.

  The waste treatment apparatus of the present invention can stir the gas in the heating furnace by including the stirring means. As an arrangement of the means for injecting the combustion gas, for example, an arrangement that causes gas circulation in the heating furnace is suitable. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the means 9-1 and 9-2 for blowing combustion gas are arranged above one wall 3a in the heating furnace 3 to blow the combustion gas to the left, There is an arrangement in which the means 9-3 and 9-4 for blowing the combustion gas are arranged below the opposite wall 3b in the heating furnace 3 and the combustion gas is blown to the right.

Examples of means for blowing combustion gas into the heating furnace include a gas burner.
(3) The invention of claim 3
The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an inert gas supply means for supplying an inert gas into the dry distillation vessel.

  In the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, for example, before the waste is heated, the inert gas can be introduced into the dry distillation container by the inert gas supply means so that the dry distillation container has an inert gas atmosphere. . In this case, even if chlorine gas or the like is generated from the waste during heating, the reaction between the chlorine gas or the like and air does not occur.

  In the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, for example, after the heating of the waste, the inert gas supply means introduces the inert gas into the dry distillation container, and the dry distillation container has an inert gas atmosphere. it can. In this case, discharge of chlorine gas remaining in the dry distillation container can be promoted, and the cooling time of the dry distillation container can be shortened.

Examples of the inert gas include nitrogen, argon, helium, and the like.
(4) The invention of claim 4
The gist of the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising discharge means for discharging the gas generated from the waste to the outside of the dry distillation container.

The waste treatment apparatus of the present invention can discharge a gas (for example, chlorine gas) generated from the waste to the outside of the dry distillation container by the discharge means.
Examples of the discharge means include a pipe communicating between the inside of the dry distillation container and the outside (outside of the waste treatment apparatus), and a configuration that causes a gas flow in the pipe (for example, a fan).
(5) The invention of claim 5
It is a waste processing method which processes medical waste using the waste processing apparatus in any one of Claims 1-4, Comprising: The said medical waste is put into the said dry distillation container, The temperature in the said dry distillation container Is a waste treatment method characterized by maintaining the temperature at 200 to 350 ° C. for a predetermined time.

  The waste treatment apparatus used in the present invention has a small temperature variation in the vertical direction of the dry distillation vessel. Therefore, the waste treatment method of the present invention can treat the waste contained in the dry distillation container at an appropriate temperature. That is, the temperature does not rise sufficiently below the dry distillation vessel, and the temperature does not rise too high above the dry distillation vessel.

The temperature in the dry distillation vessel is more preferably in the range of 280 to 320 ° C in the range of 200 to 350 ° C.
(6) The invention of claim 6
The medical waste contains vinyl chloride, and the waste disposal apparatus is the one according to claim 4, wherein chlorine gas generated by thermal decomposition of the vinyl chloride is discharged from the dry distillation container by the discharge means. The present invention is summarized as a waste treatment method according to claim 5.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the chlorine gas resulting from the vinyl chloride contained in medical waste can be discharged | emitted out of a dry distillation container, and it can process appropriately.
(7) The invention of claim 7
The gist of the waste treatment method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the air in the dry distillation vessel is replaced with an inert gas before the temperature of the dry distillation vessel is raised.

  In the waste treatment method of the present invention, the air in the dry distillation vessel is replaced with an inert gas before the temperature of the dry distillation vessel is raised. For example, even if chlorine gas is generated from the waste during heating, the chlorine gas Does not react with air.

The inert gas may be any gas that does not react with the gas generated from the waste, and examples thereof include nitrogen, argon, and helium.
(8) The invention of claim 8
6. The gas in the dry distillation vessel is replaced with an inert gas after the temperature in the dry distillation vessel is maintained at 200 to 350 ° C. and before or during cooling of the dry distillation vessel. The gist of the waste treatment method according to any one of?

  In the waste treatment method of the present invention, since the gas in the dry distillation vessel is replaced with an inert gas before or during cooling of the dry distillation vessel, the waste-derived gas (for example, chlorine) remaining in the dry distillation vessel is replaced. Gas) and the cooling time of the dry distillation vessel can be shortened.

  Examples of the inert gas include nitrogen, argon, helium, and the like.

1. Configuration of Waste Processing Device 1 The configuration of the waste processing device 1 capable of processing infectious medical waste including a vinyl chloride product will be described with reference to FIGS.

The waste treatment apparatus 1 includes a heating furnace 3, dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6, a waste basket 7, gas burners 9-1 to 9-4, an exhaust pipe 11, a nitrogen introduction pipe 13, and a hot air discharge duct 15. It has.
The heating furnace 3 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes six rectangular openings 17 on the wall surface on the front side (the lower side in FIG. 1, the front side in FIG. 2, the left side in FIG. 3). ing. The openings 17 are arranged in two horizontal rows and three vertical rows as viewed from the front side (see FIG. 2).

  Each of the carbonization containers 5-1 to 5-6 includes a box-shaped main body 19 having an open front side, a lid 21 for sealing the opening, and an arm 23 attached to the outside of the lid 21. Each of the carbonization containers 5-1 to 5-6 is fitted into the opening 17 of the heating furnace 3 with the door 21 facing the front side. As seen from the front side, the carbonization vessel 5-1 is on the upper left side, the carbonization vessel 5-2 is on the upper right side, the carbonization vessel 5-3 is on the middle left side, and the carbonization vessel 5-4 is on the middle right side, The dry distillation vessel 5-5 is the lower left side, and the dry distillation vessel 5-6 is the lower right side. Most of the main body portions 19 of the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 are accommodated in the heating furnace 3, and the front end portion of the main body portion 19 is in contact with the end surface of the opening portion 17. The arm 23 is coupled to a projecting portion 25 projecting from the heating furnace 3 to the front side via a hinge 27 so as to be rotatable. Accordingly, the lid 21 and the arm 23 open and close the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 by rotating around the hinge 27 as shown in FIG.

The waste basket 7 is a substantially rectangular bowl having an upper opening. One waste bin 7 is accommodated in each of the carbonization containers 5-1 to 5-6.
The gas burners 9-1 to 9-4 are high-speed burners. The attachment positions of the gas burners 9-1 and 9-2 are positions above the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 on the right outer wall 3a of the heating furnace 3 when viewed from the front side. Moreover, the attachment position of the gas burners 9-3 and 9-4 is a position below the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 on the left outer wall 3b of the heating furnace 3 as viewed from the front side. The gas burners 9-1 and 9-2 inject combustion gas in the left direction when viewed from the front side. The gas burners 9-3 and 9-4 inject combustion gas in the right direction when viewed from the front side.

  The exhaust pipe 11 is a pipe that communicates the inside of each of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 and the outside of the heating furnace 3. The exhaust pipe 11 is provided with a fan (not shown), and the gas in the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 can be exhausted to the outside by the action of the fan.

  The nitrogen introduction pipe 13 is a pipe that connects an external nitrogen source (not shown) and the inside of each of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6. Nitrogen can be introduced into the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 by the nitrogen introduction tube 13.

The hot air discharge duct 15 is provided on the back surface of the heating furnace 3 and has an effect of discharging hot air in the heating furnace 3.
Note that thermometers (not shown) are attached to the upper and lower sides of the heating chamber 3 and the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6, respectively.

2. Next, a method for treating infectious medical waste containing a PVC product using the waste treatment apparatus 1 will be described.

  First, the waste basket 7 was once taken out from the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6, put infectious medical waste therein, and then returned to the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 again. This infectious medical waste includes a PVC product, a resin having a melting point higher than that of PVC, and cardboard.

  Next, the lid 21 of the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 is closed, the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 are kept in a sealed state, and the air in the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 11. While exhausting, nitrogen gas was introduced into the inside of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 from the nitrogen introduction pipe 13, thereby making the inside of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 a nitrogen atmosphere. When the nitrogen replacement was completed, the supply of nitrogen was stopped.

  Next, the inside of the heating furnace 3 was heated to about 400 ° C. using the gas burners 9-1 to 9-4. Then, the temperature in the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 increased with time, and became about 250 to 280 ° C in 3 hours from the start of heating, and became 310 to 330 ° C in about 6 hours from the start of heating.

  During the heating, the gas in the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 was exhausted from the exhaust pipe 11. When the temperature in the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 is 200 to 350 ° C., the vinyl chloride contained in the infectious medical waste is decomposed to generate chlorine gas. The chlorine gas is released to the outside through the exhaust pipe 11. Discharged. Moreover, since the inside of the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 is a nitrogen atmosphere as described above, chlorine and air do not react.

  When a predetermined heating time (for example, 2 hours or more after the temperature in the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 reaches 280 ° C.) elapses, the heating by the gas burners 9-1 to 9-4 is stopped. At this time, nitrogen gas is introduced into the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 from the nitrogen introduction tube 13. In addition, the temperature transition in the heating furnace 3 and the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 is shown in FIG.

When the temperature in the heating furnace 3 was sufficiently lowered, the infectious medical waste was taken out from the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6.
3. Effects Next, effects of the waste treatment apparatus 1 and the waste treatment method using the same will be described.

  (i) In the waste treatment apparatus 1, the dry distillation container is divided into six dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6, and in particular, is divided vertically. That is, when viewed in the vertical direction, the dry distillation containers are the upper one (dry distillation containers 5-1 and 5-2), the middle one (dry distillation containers 5-3 and 5-4), and the lower one (dry distillation container 5). -5 and 5-6), and an air flow path 31 in the heating furnace 3 is formed between them (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  In the heating furnace 3, the combustion gas blown out by the gas burners 9-1 to 9-4 causes air circulation as shown by arrows in FIG. 5, and a part of the circulating air passes through the flow path 31. Flowing. As a result, the air in the heating furnace 3 is well stirred, and the air flow flows between the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6, so that the temperature distribution in the vertical direction of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 is Get smaller. This is supported by the temperature measurement data shown in FIG. That is, in the temperature range around 300 ° C. where sterilization is performed, the temperature variation between the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 is only about 20 ° C.

  (ii) The waste treatment apparatus 1 evacuates the air in the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 from the exhaust pipe 11 and heats the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 from the nitrogen introduction pipe 13 before heating. By introducing nitrogen gas inside, the inside of the dry distillation vessels 5-1 to 5-6 is made a nitrogen atmosphere. For this reason, even if chlorine gas is generated from waste during heating, the reaction between chlorine gas and air does not occur.

(iii) The waste treatment apparatus 1 introduces nitrogen gas into the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 from the nitrogen introduction pipe 13 after the heating is completed. By doing so, it is possible to accelerate the discharge of the remaining chlorine gas and to shorten the cooling time of the heating furnace 3 and the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6.
(Comparative example)
Basically, it has the same configuration as the above-described waste treatment apparatus 1, but as shown in FIG. 6, the dry distillation vessel 105 is not divided, and the gas burner 109-is provided only below the heating furnace 103. 1 and 109-2 were produced. Here, the dry distillation container 105 has a combined volume of the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6. Further, the gas burners 109-1 and 109-2 are the same as the gas burners 9-3 and 9-4 in the waste treatment apparatus 1, and the arrangement is also the same.

  Further, the waste treatment apparatus 101 includes thermometers (not shown) for measuring the temperature in the combustion chambers of the gas burners 109-1 and 109-2, the inside of the heating furnace 103, and the upper and lower temperatures in the dry distillation vessel 105. Yes.

  Using this waste treatment apparatus 101, infectious medical waste was treated in the same manner as in “2. Method for treating infectious medical waste”. The temperature transition in each part at this time is shown in FIG. As apparent from FIG. 7, the temperature variation is very large in the dry distillation vessel 105, and when the temperature above the dry distillation vessel 105 reaches 280 ° C. which is a temperature necessary for sterilization, the temperature below 100 ° C. It has not reached. At this temperature, sterilization cannot be performed. When the temperature below the dry distillation vessel 105 reaches 280 ° C., the temperature above the temperature is close to 700 ° C. At this temperature, the high melting point resin melts, making it difficult to dispose of waste.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a waste disposal apparatus 1. FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view in the AA cross section of FIG. 1 showing the structure of the waste disposal apparatus 1. FIG. It is a sectional side view in the BB cross section of FIG. 1 showing the structure of the waste disposal apparatus 1. FIG. It is a graph showing the temperature transition of the heating furnace 3 and the dry distillation containers 5-1 to 5-6 during waste processing. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of air inside the heating furnace 3. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of a waste disposal apparatus 101. It is a graph showing the temperature transition of the heating furnace 103 and the dry distillation container 105 during waste processing.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,101 ... Waste processing apparatus 3, 103 ... Heating furnace 5-1 to 5-6, 105 ... Dry distillation container 7 ... Waste container 9-1 to 9-4 ... Gas burner 11 ... Disposal pipe 13 ... Nitrogen introduction pipe 15 ... Hot air discharge duct 17 ... Opening part 19 ... Body part 21 ... Cover 23 ... Arm 25 ... Protrusion part 27 ... Hinges 31 ... Flow path

Claims (8)

A heating furnace;
Heating means for heating the inside of the heating furnace;
A dry distillation container in which at least a part thereof is accommodated in the heating furnace and holds waste;
A waste treatment apparatus comprising:
With stirring means for stirring the gas in the heating furnace,
The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the dry distillation container is divided in a vertical direction, and a gas flow path in the heating furnace is formed between the divided dry distillation containers.   2. The waste according to claim 1, wherein the stirring means is means for blowing combustion gas into the heating furnace from a position above the dry distillation container and a position below the dry distillation container. Processing equipment.   The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an inert gas supply unit configured to supply an inert gas into the dry distillation container.   The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising discharge means for discharging the gas generated from the waste to the outside of the dry distillation container. A waste treatment method for treating medical waste using the waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Put the medical waste in the dry distillation container,
A waste treatment method, wherein the temperature in the dry distillation vessel is maintained at 200 to 350 ° C. for a predetermined time. The medical waste contains vinyl chloride,
6. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 4, wherein chlorine gas generated by thermal decomposition of the vinyl chloride is discharged out of the dry distillation vessel by the discharge means. Waste disposal method.   The waste treatment method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the air in the dry distillation container is replaced with an inert gas before the temperature of the dry distillation container is raised.   6. The gas in the dry distillation vessel is replaced with an inert gas after the temperature in the dry distillation vessel is maintained at 200 to 350 ° C. and before or during cooling of the dry distillation vessel. The waste disposal method in any one of -7.

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