JP2008023269A - Method to detect trouble causing blood removal failure and hemodialyzer - Google Patents

Method to detect trouble causing blood removal failure and hemodialyzer Download PDF

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JP2008023269A
JP2008023269A JP2006202531A JP2006202531A JP2008023269A JP 2008023269 A JP2008023269 A JP 2008023269A JP 2006202531 A JP2006202531 A JP 2006202531A JP 2006202531 A JP2006202531 A JP 2006202531A JP 2008023269 A JP2008023269 A JP 2008023269A
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blood flow
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JP5125013B2 (en
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Hidetoshi Saibi
英俊 斉尾
Shinichi Tanaka
進一 田中
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Nipro Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hemodialyzer which can easily detect a trouble causing blood removal failure. <P>SOLUTION: As the figure 1 shows, the hemodialyzer includes a dialysis apparatus 1, a blood circuit 2 (21 and 22), a blood pump 3, a priming fluid supplying line 4, a vein side air trap chamber 23, a dialyzing fluid circuit 5 (51 and 52), a dialyzing fluid pump 6 and a water removal pump 7. The vein side blood circuit 21 in the upstream of the blood pump 3 is provided with an ultrasonic blood flow meter 8. The blood flow meter 8 measures the volume of blood in the artery side blood circuit 21: if the measured blood volume is less than the flow volume set in the blood pump 3, the dialysis completion time is recalculated and displayed based on the measured blood flow volume. If the ratio of measured blood flow volume and the set blood flow volume (blood flow volume ratio) is less than a certain ratio, alarm is sounded. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、血管から体外に取り出した血液を浄化し、必要ならばこれに有用物質を補給することにより、生体の臓器機能を補助あるいは代行する血液透析装置に関するもので、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルの発生を検知する方法に関する。また、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルの発生を検知する機構を備えた血液透析装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a hemodialysis apparatus that assists or substitutes for organ function of a living body by purifying blood taken out from a blood vessel outside the body and supplementing it with useful substances if necessary. The present invention relates to a method for detecting occurrence of trouble. The present invention also relates to a hemodialysis apparatus provided with a mechanism for detecting the occurrence of troubles that cause poor blood removal.

透析効率に影響を与える因子として、血液流量、透析液流量、透析時間、透析器の性能が挙げられる。これらのうち血液流量は、設定通りの流量が得られると思われがちであるが、血液ポンプとしてチューブポンプを採用している関係で、何らかの理由で血液ポンプの上流側が陰圧状態になると、チューブが変形して実際の血液流量が設定値より少なくなることがある。例えば、患者からの採血用に、通常16G、17G、18Gの穿刺針を使用しているが、細い動脈側穿刺針を使用する場合には、比較的粘度の高い血液を吸入したときに、血液ポンプの上流側は必然的に陰圧状態になる。そこで、このような場合に対応するものとして、血液透析における実際の血液流量を測定できるようにしたシステムが提案されている(特許文献1)。このものは、血液ポンプの上流側の血液流路内に補液を注入する補液注入手段を有するとともに、透析器の上流側または下流側に圧力検出手段を有し、血液ポンプの設定血流量と補液注入前後の検出圧力とから、血液透析における実血流量を算出するようにしたものである。   Factors affecting dialysis efficiency include blood flow rate, dialysate flow rate, dialysis time, and dialyzer performance. Of these, the blood flow rate tends to be considered to be the same as the set flow rate, but because the tube pump is adopted as the blood pump, if for some reason the upstream side of the blood pump is in a negative pressure state, the tube May deform and the actual blood flow rate may be lower than the set value. For example, a puncture needle of 16G, 17G, or 18G is usually used for blood collection from a patient. However, when a thin arterial puncture needle is used, when blood with relatively high viscosity is inhaled, blood The upstream side of the pump inevitably has negative pressure. In view of this, a system that can measure the actual blood flow rate in hemodialysis has been proposed (Patent Document 1). This has a replacement fluid injection means for injecting a replacement fluid into the blood flow channel upstream of the blood pump, and also has a pressure detection means upstream or downstream of the dialyzer, and the blood flow set in the blood pump and the replacement fluid The actual blood flow volume in hemodialysis is calculated from the detected pressure before and after the injection.

特開2004−329746JP 2004-329746 A

しかしながら、血液ポンプの上流側の陰圧は、治療中に動脈側のシャント穿刺部や穿刺針が詰まったり、脱血側のチューブに折れが生じたり、血管に狭窄が生じたりした場合など、治療中に脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生した場合にも生じる。透析中の血液ポンプ流量は医師の指示により決定されるが、治療中に脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生すると陰圧が生じ、医師の指示通りの血液流量が取れなくなる。その結果、最適な透析時間の設定や透析器の設定を正確に行うことができなくなる。しかも、動脈側のシャント穿刺部の詰まりは透析開始時にすでに発生している場合が多い。動脈側のシャント穿刺部の詰まりが透析開始時に発生した場合には、穿刺針を刺し直す必要がある。   However, negative pressure on the upstream side of the blood pump can be used if the shunt puncture part or puncture needle on the arterial side is clogged during treatment, the tube on the blood removal side is broken, or the blood vessel is narrowed. It also occurs when troubles that cause poor blood removal occur. The blood pump flow rate during dialysis is determined according to a doctor's instruction. However, if a trouble that causes poor blood removal occurs during treatment, a negative pressure is generated, and the blood flow as per the doctor's instruction cannot be obtained. As a result, the optimal dialysis time and dialyzer cannot be set accurately. Moreover, clogging of the shunt puncture portion on the arterial side often has already occurred at the start of dialysis. If clogging of the arterial shunt puncture occurs at the start of dialysis, the puncture needle needs to be re-stabbed.

本発明は、如上の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルの発生を容易に検知することのできる血液透析装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hemodialysis apparatus that can easily detect the occurrence of a trouble that causes poor blood removal.

本発明の血液透析装置は、透析器と血液回路、血液ポンプ、プライミング液供給ライン、静脈側エアートラップチャンバー、透析液回路、透析液ポンプ及び除水ポンプを含んでなる血液透析装置において、前記血液ポンプより上流の動脈側血液回路に超音波式血流計が設けられるとともに、この血流計で血液回路を流れる血液の流量が測定され、この測定血液流量が前記血液ポンプにおける設定血液流量より少ない場合、測定血液流量に基づいて透析終了時間が再計算され、表示されるようにされるとともに、測定血液流量と設定血液流量の比(以下血液流量比という)が所定の比率以下になったときに、警報が発せられるようにされたことを特徴とする。   The hemodialysis apparatus of the present invention is a hemodialysis apparatus comprising a dialyzer, a blood circuit, a blood pump, a priming solution supply line, a venous air trap chamber, a dialysate circuit, a dialysate pump, and a dewatering pump. An ultrasonic blood flow meter is provided in the arterial blood circuit upstream from the pump, and the flow rate of blood flowing through the blood circuit is measured by this blood flow meter, and the measured blood flow rate is less than the set blood flow rate in the blood pump In this case, when the dialysis end time is recalculated based on the measured blood flow rate and displayed, and the ratio of the measured blood flow rate to the set blood flow rate (hereinafter referred to as the blood flow rate ratio) falls below a predetermined ratio. In addition, an alarm is issued.

ここで、実質的に脱血不良の影響をなくするために、好ましくは、警報は、血液流量比(測定血液流量/設定血液流量)が90%以下になったときに発せられる。より好ましくは、警報は、血液流量比が95%以下になったときに発せられる。また、透析開始時を除く透析治療中に警報が発せられた場合、血液流量比が所定の比率より大きくなるまで血液ポンプの流量が自動的に低下されるようにされていてもよい。   Here, in order to substantially eliminate the influence of poor blood removal, preferably, an alarm is issued when the blood flow ratio (measured blood flow rate / set blood flow rate) becomes 90% or less. More preferably, an alarm is issued when the blood flow ratio falls below 95%. Further, when an alarm is issued during dialysis treatment except at the start of dialysis, the blood pump flow rate may be automatically reduced until the blood flow rate ratio becomes larger than a predetermined ratio.

また、本発明の、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルの発生を検知する方法は、透析器と血液回路、血液ポンプ、プライミング液供給ライン、静脈側エアートラップチャンバー、透析液回路、透析液ポンプ及び除水ポンプを含んでなる血液透析装置において、前記血液ポンプより上流の動脈側血液回路の血液流量を測定し、この測定血液流量と血液ポンプにおける設定血液流量の比(血液流量比)を求め、この血液流量比が所定の比率以下になったときに、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生したと判断することを特長とする。
ここで、動脈側シャント穿刺部の詰まりの検知は、好ましくは、血液流量比が90%以下になったときに行われる。より好ましくは、検知は、血液流量比が95%以下になったときに行われる。
In addition, the method of detecting the occurrence of trouble causing poor blood removal according to the present invention includes a dialyzer, a blood circuit, a blood pump, a priming solution supply line, a venous air trap chamber, a dialysate circuit, a dialysate pump, In a hemodialysis apparatus including a dewatering pump, the blood flow rate in the arterial blood circuit upstream from the blood pump is measured, and the ratio of the measured blood flow rate to the set blood flow rate in the blood pump (blood flow rate ratio) is determined. It is characterized in that it is determined that a trouble that causes blood removal failure has occurred when the blood flow rate ratio is equal to or less than a predetermined ratio.
Here, detection of clogging of the arterial shunt puncture portion is preferably performed when the blood flow ratio becomes 90% or less. More preferably, the detection is performed when the blood flow ratio becomes 95% or less.

尚、動脈側血液回路の血液流量を測定する血流計としては、超音波式血流計やドップラー式血流計等を使用することができる。
以上、一般的に本発明を記述したが、より一層の理解は、いくつかの特定の実施例を参照することによって得ることが出来る。これらの実施例は本明細書に例示の目的のためにのみ提供されるものであり、他の旨が特定されない限り、限定的なものではない。
An ultrasonic blood flow meter, a Doppler blood flow meter, or the like can be used as a blood flow meter for measuring the blood flow rate in the arterial blood circuit.
Although the present invention has been generally described above, a better understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific embodiments. These examples are provided herein for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting unless otherwise specified.

本発明によれば、以下のような効果が期待できる。すなわち、本発明の血液透析装置は、血液流量比が所定の比率以下になったときに、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生したと判断して警報が発せられるようになっているので、透析開始時であってもきわめて容易に脱血不良の原因となるトラブル(脱血部シャント穿刺部の詰まり)を検知することができるので、即座に穿刺針の刺し直しをすることができる。また、透析治療中に脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生した場合には、血液流量比が所定の比率より大きくなるまで血液ポンプの流量が自動的に低下されるようにされるようになっているので、脱血不良を防ぐことができる。また、超音波式血流計を用いて実際の血液流量を測定しているので透析効率の計算が従来の血液透析装置より正確になる。 According to the present invention, the following effects can be expected. That is, the hemodialysis apparatus of the present invention is configured to issue an alarm when it is determined that a trouble that causes blood removal failure has occurred when the blood flow ratio becomes a predetermined ratio or less. Even at the start of dialysis, troubles that cause poor blood removal (clogging of the blood removal part shunt puncture part) can be detected very easily, so that the puncture needle can be re-stabbed immediately. In addition, when trouble that causes blood loss failure occurs during dialysis treatment, the flow rate of the blood pump is automatically reduced until the blood flow rate ratio exceeds a predetermined ratio. Therefore, poor blood removal can be prevented. In addition, since the actual blood flow rate is measured using an ultrasonic blood flow meter, the calculation of dialysis efficiency is more accurate than the conventional hemodialysis apparatus.

血液ポンプより上流の動脈側血液回路に超音波式血流計が設けられるとともに、この血流計で血液回路を流れる血液の流量が測定され、この測定血液流量が血液ポンプにおける設定血液流量より少ない場合、測定血液流量に基づいて透析終了時間が再計算され、表示されるようにされるとともに、血液流量比(測定血液流量/設定血液流量)が95%以下になったときに、警報が発せられるようになっている。また、透析開始時を除く透析治療中に警報が発せられた場合、血液流量比が所定の比率より大きくなるまで血液ポンプの流量が自動的に低下されるようになっている。   An ultrasonic blood flow meter is provided in the arterial blood circuit upstream of the blood pump, and the flow rate of blood flowing through the blood circuit is measured by this blood flow meter, and this measured blood flow rate is less than the set blood flow rate in the blood pump In this case, the dialysis end time is recalculated based on the measured blood flow rate and displayed, and when the blood flow ratio (measured blood flow rate / set blood flow rate) becomes 95% or less, an alarm is issued. It is supposed to be. Further, when an alarm is issued during dialysis treatment except at the start of dialysis, the blood pump flow rate is automatically lowered until the blood flow rate ratio becomes larger than a predetermined ratio.

先ず、実施例1について図1を用いて説明する。
図1は実施例1の血液透析装置の概略説明図である。
実施例1の血液透析装置は、図1に示すように、透析器1と血液回路2(21、22)、血液ポンプ3、プライミング液供給ライン4、静脈側エアートラップチャンバー24、透析液回路5(51、52)、透析液ポンプ6及び除水ポンプ7を含んでなる。そして、血液ポンプ3より上流の動脈側血液回路21には、超音波式血流計8が設けられており、この血流計8で動脈側血液回路21の血流量が測定され、この測定血液流量が血液ポンプ3における設定血液流量より少ない場合、測定血液流量に基づいて透析終了時間が再計算され、表示されるようにされるとともに、血液流量比(測定血液流量/設定血液流量)が所定の比率以下になったときに、警報が発せられるようになっている。
First, Example 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a hemodialysis apparatus of Example 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the hemodialysis apparatus of Example 1 includes a dialyzer 1 and a blood circuit 2 (21, 22), a blood pump 3, a priming fluid supply line 4, a venous air trap chamber 24, and a dialysate circuit 5. (51, 52), comprising a dialysate pump 6 and a dewatering pump 7. The arterial blood circuit 21 upstream of the blood pump 3 is provided with an ultrasonic blood flow meter 8, and the blood flow of the arterial blood circuit 21 is measured by the blood flow meter 8. When the flow rate is lower than the set blood flow rate in the blood pump 3, the dialysis end time is recalculated based on the measured blood flow rate and displayed, and the blood flow ratio (measured blood flow rate / set blood flow rate) is predetermined. An alarm is issued when the ratio falls below the ratio.

血液回路2は透析器1より上流側の動脈側血液回路21と透析器1より下流側の静脈側血液回路22からなる。動脈側血液回路21には、血液ポンプ3の上流でプライミング液供給ライン4が接続されており(血液ポンプ3より下流にプライミング液供給ライン4を設ける場合もある)、血液ポンプ3より上流の動脈側血液回路21には、超音波式血流計8が設けられている。静脈側血液回路22には透析器1に近接してエアートラップチャンバー24が設けられており、このエアートラップチャンバー24の下流には気泡センサー25が設けられている。プライミング液供給ライン4は、これが血液ポンプ3より上流に設けられた場合、開閉弁V1を開くと、血液ポンプ3の駆動により、プライミング液容器41から血液循環回路(動脈側血液回路21、透析器1、静脈側血液回路22からなる)にプライミング液が供給されるようになっている。   The blood circuit 2 includes an arterial blood circuit 21 upstream from the dialyzer 1 and a venous blood circuit 22 downstream from the dialyzer 1. A priming fluid supply line 4 is connected to the arterial blood circuit 21 upstream of the blood pump 3 (the priming fluid supply line 4 may be provided downstream of the blood pump 3), and the artery upstream of the blood pump 3 is connected. The side blood circuit 21 is provided with an ultrasonic blood flow meter 8. The venous blood circuit 22 is provided with an air trap chamber 24 in the vicinity of the dialyzer 1, and a bubble sensor 25 is provided downstream of the air trap chamber 24. When the on-off valve V1 is opened when the priming liquid supply line 4 is provided upstream from the blood pump 3, the blood pump 3 is driven to drive the blood circulation circuit (arterial blood circuit 21, dialyzer). 1 and consisting of the venous blood circuit 22).

透析液回路5は透析器1より上流側の透析液供給回路51と透析器1より下流側の排液回路52からなる。透析液供給回路51には透析液供給ライン(図示していない)が接続されており、透析液は、排液回路52に設けられた透析液ポンプ6の駆動により、透析液供給ラインから透析器1に供給され、使用済透析液として透析器1から排出されるようになっている。また、排液回路52には除水ポンプ7も設けられており、除水ポンプ7の駆動により血液中の余分な水分が除水され、透析器1から排出されるようになっている。   The dialysate circuit 5 includes a dialysate supply circuit 51 upstream from the dialyzer 1 and a drain circuit 52 downstream from the dialyzer 1. A dialysate supply line (not shown) is connected to the dialysate supply circuit 51, and the dialysate is supplied from the dialysate supply line to the dialyzer by driving the dialysate pump 6 provided in the drain circuit 52. 1 is discharged from the dialyzer 1 as a used dialysate. Further, the drainage circuit 52 is also provided with a water removal pump 7, so that excess water in the blood is removed by the drive of the water removal pump 7 and discharged from the dialyzer 1.

設定血液流量で血液ポンプ3を駆動すると、チューブポンプからなる血液ポンプの場合、血液ポンプ3より上流側は陰圧になっていることが多く、その結果、チューブが変形し、実際に血液回路を流れる血液の流量が設定流量より少なくなることが多い。超音波式血流計8で測定された測定血液流量と血液ポンプ3の設定血液流量の間に差が生じた場合には、測定血液流量に基づいて透析終了時間が再計算され、表示される。   When the blood pump 3 is driven at a set blood flow rate, in the case of a blood pump composed of a tube pump, the upstream side of the blood pump 3 is often negative pressure. As a result, the tube is deformed, and the blood circuit is actually Often the flow rate of flowing blood is less than the set flow rate. If there is a difference between the measured blood flow measured by the ultrasonic blood flow meter 8 and the set blood flow of the blood pump 3, the dialysis end time is recalculated based on the measured blood flow and displayed. .

動脈側シャント穿刺部または穿刺針23に詰まりがある場合、血液ポンプ3駆動後すぐに血液流量比(測定血液流量/設定血液流量)が所定の比率以下(好ましくは90%以下、より好ましくは95%以下)になる。この場合、動脈側シャント穿刺部または穿刺針23に詰まりが発生していると判断され、例えばブザーなどにより警報が発せられるので、動脈側の穿刺針23を刺し直す必要がある。また、透析治療中に動脈側シャント穿刺部または穿刺針23に詰まりが生じたり、脱血側のチューブに折れが生じたり、血管に狭窄が生じたりした場合などにも、血液流量比が所定の比率以下(好ましくは90%以下、より好ましくは95%以下)になる。この場合、透析治療中に脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生したと判断され、例えばブザーなどにより警報が発せられるので、脱血不良の原因が脱血側のチューブの折れの場合、折れたチューブを直せばよい。また、脱血不良の原因が穿刺針23の詰まりや血管の狭窄の場合、血液流量比が所定の比率より大きくなるまで血液ポンプ3の流量が低下させられる。この血液ポンプ3の流量を低下させる操作は、手動的に行われるようにしてもよい。   When the arterial shunt puncture portion or the puncture needle 23 is clogged, the blood flow rate ratio (measured blood flow rate / set blood flow rate) is not more than a predetermined ratio (preferably 90% or less, more preferably 95) immediately after the blood pump 3 is driven. % Or less). In this case, it is determined that the arterial shunt puncture portion or the puncture needle 23 is clogged, and an alarm is issued by, for example, a buzzer. Therefore, the arterial puncture needle 23 needs to be re-stabbed. In addition, the blood flow ratio is a predetermined value when the arterial shunt puncture portion or the puncture needle 23 is clogged during dialysis treatment, the blood removal side tube is broken, or the blood vessel is narrowed. It becomes the ratio or less (preferably 90% or less, more preferably 95% or less). In this case, it is judged that a trouble that caused blood removal failure occurred during dialysis treatment, and an alarm is issued, for example, by a buzzer. Just fix the tube. Further, when the cause of poor blood removal is clogging of the puncture needle 23 or stenosis of the blood vessel, the flow rate of the blood pump 3 is lowered until the blood flow rate ratio becomes larger than a predetermined ratio. The operation for reducing the flow rate of the blood pump 3 may be performed manually.

〔シャント内圧と液体流量の関係を示す試験〕
血液透析装置(NCU−8:ニプロ(株)社製)を用いて、30vol%グリセリン溶液および60vol%グリセリン溶液について、それぞれ、シャント内圧を変化させた場合の実測流量と血液ポンプによる設定流量との関係を調べたところ、図2および図3のような結果が得られた。尚、実測流量は、血流モニターHD02(Transonic System社製)を用いて測定した。また、シャント内圧(脱血圧)は、脱血側のチューブを挟むクランプの絞りを7段階に加減することにより変化させた(但し図の左端の値は絞りが無い場合の値を示す)。
[Test showing relationship between shunt internal pressure and liquid flow rate]
Using a hemodialyzer (NCU-8: manufactured by Nipro Corporation), for the 30 vol% glycerin solution and the 60 vol% glycerin solution, the measured flow rate when the shunt internal pressure was changed and the flow rate set by the blood pump, respectively. When the relationship was examined, results as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 were obtained. The actually measured flow rate was measured using a blood flow monitor HD02 (manufactured by Transonic System). Further, the shunt internal pressure (blood removal pressure) was changed by adjusting the restriction of the clamp sandwiching the blood removal side tube in seven steps (however, the value at the left end in the figure shows the value when there is no restriction).

図2および図3から、設定流量が大きいほど、溶液濃度が高いほどシャント内圧の影響が大きくなることが判る。また、クランプを絞らない場合の流量の比(実測流量/設定流量)は、60vol%グリセリン溶液において設定流量300mL/minの場合を除いて0.90以上になっており、また、設定流量100mL/minの場合、および30vol%グリセリン溶液において設定流量100mL/min、200mL/minの場合に0.95以上になっている。このことから、透析治療における血液ポンプの設定流量は通常200mL/minであることを考慮すれば、溶液粘度が大きく設定流量が大きい場合には、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生していなくても設定流量を下げる必要があることが分かる。また、溶液粘度が高くなく通常の設定流量では、流量の比0.90以上の場合に、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生していないと判断することができる。また、溶液粘度が高い場合、血液ポンプの設定流量が通常の値であり脱血不良の原因となるトラブルが発生していなくても、流量の比が0.90以下になる虞があるので、この場合にも設定流量を下げる必要があることが分かる。   2 and 3 that the influence of the shunt internal pressure increases as the set flow rate increases and the solution concentration increases. In addition, the ratio of the flow rate when the clamp is not throttled (actual flow rate / set flow rate) is 0.90 or more in the 60 vol% glycerin solution except for the set flow rate of 300 mL / min, and the set flow rate is 100 mL / In the case of min, and in the case of a set flow rate of 100 mL / min and 200 mL / min in a 30 vol% glycerin solution, it is 0.95 or more. From this, considering that the set flow rate of the blood pump in dialysis treatment is usually 200 mL / min, when the solution viscosity is large and the set flow rate is large, there is no trouble that causes poor blood removal. However, it can be seen that the set flow rate needs to be lowered. Further, when the solution viscosity is not high and the flow rate ratio is 0.90 or more at a normal set flow rate, it can be determined that a trouble that causes blood removal failure has not occurred. In addition, when the solution viscosity is high, the flow rate ratio may be 0.90 or less even if the set flow rate of the blood pump is a normal value and there is no trouble causing poor blood removal. In this case also, it is understood that the set flow rate needs to be lowered.

本発明の血液透析装置の実施例1を示す概略説明図である。It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows Example 1 of the hemodialysis apparatus of this invention. 30vol%グリセリン溶液におけるシャント内圧と流量の比(実測流量/設定流量)の関係を示す試験の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of the test which shows the relationship between the shunt internal pressure in a 30 vol% glycerol solution, and the ratio of flow volume (actual flow volume / setting flow volume). 60vol%グリセリン溶液におけるシャント内圧と流量の比(実測流量/設定流量)の関係を示す試験の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of the test which shows the relationship between the shunt internal pressure and flow volume ratio (actual flow volume / setting flow volume) in a 60 vol% glycerol solution.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 透析器
2 血液回路
21 動脈側血液回路
22 静脈側血液回路
23 動脈側穿刺針
24 エアートラップチャンバー
25 気泡センサー
3 血液ポンプ
4 プライミング液供給ライン
41 プライミング液容器
5 透析液回路
51 透析液供給回路
52 排液回路
6 透析液ポンプ
7 除水ポンプ
8 超音波式血流計
V1 開閉弁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dialyzer 2 Blood circuit 21 Arterial blood circuit 22 Venous blood circuit 23 Arterial puncture needle 24 Air trap chamber 25 Air bubble sensor 3 Blood pump 4 Priming liquid supply line 41 Priming liquid container 5 Dialysing liquid circuit 51 Dialysing liquid supply circuit 52 Drainage circuit 6 Dialysate pump 7 Dewatering pump 8 Ultrasonic blood flow meter V1 On-off valve

Claims (7)

透析器と血液回路、血液ポンプ、プライミング液供給ライン、静脈側エアートラップチャンバー、透析液回路、透析液ポンプ及び除水ポンプを含んでなる血液透析装置において、前記血液ポンプより上流の動脈側血液回路に超音波式血流計が設けられるとともに、該血流計で血液回路を流れる血液の流量が測定され、該測定血液流量が前記血液ポンプにおける設定血液流量より少ない場合、測定血液流量に基づいて透析終了時間が再計算され、表示されるようにされるとともに、前記測定血液流量と前記設定血液流量の比(血液流量比)が所定の比率以下になったときに、警報が発せられるようにされてなる血液透析装置。   In a hemodialysis apparatus comprising a dialyzer and a blood circuit, a blood pump, a priming solution supply line, a venous air trap chamber, a dialysate circuit, a dialysate pump and a dewatering pump, an arterial blood circuit upstream from the blood pump Is provided with an ultrasonic blood flow meter, and the blood flow rate is measured by the blood flow meter, and when the measured blood flow rate is smaller than the set blood flow rate in the blood pump, The dialysis end time is recalculated and displayed, and an alarm is issued when the ratio of the measured blood flow rate to the set blood flow rate (blood flow ratio) falls below a predetermined ratio. A hemodialysis apparatus. 血液流量比が90%以下になったときに警報が発せられる請求項1に記載の血液透析装置。   The hemodialysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an alarm is issued when the blood flow ratio becomes 90% or less. 血液流量比が95%以下になったときに警報が発せられる請求項2に記載の血液透析装置。   The hemodialysis apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an alarm is issued when the blood flow ratio becomes 95% or less. 透析開始時を除く透析治療中に警報が発せられた場合、血液流量比が所定の比率より大きくなるまで血液ポンプの流量が自動的に低下されるようにされてなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の血液透析装置。   The flow rate of the blood pump is automatically reduced when the alarm is issued during dialysis treatment except at the start of dialysis until the blood flow rate ratio becomes larger than a predetermined ratio. The hemodialysis apparatus according to the above. 透析器と血液回路、血液ポンプ、プライミング液供給ライン、静脈側エアートラップチャンバー、透析液回路、透析液ポンプ及び除水ポンプを含んでなる血液透析装置において、前記血液ポンプより上流の動脈側血液回路の血液流量を測定し、該測定血液流量と血液ポンプにおける設定血液流量の比(血液流量比)を求め、該血液流量比が所定の比率以下になったときに、脱血不良が発生したと判断する、脱血不良の原因となるトラブルの発生を検知する方法。   In a hemodialysis apparatus comprising a dialyzer and a blood circuit, a blood pump, a priming solution supply line, a venous air trap chamber, a dialysate circuit, a dialysate pump and a dewatering pump, an arterial blood circuit upstream from the blood pump The blood flow rate of the blood was measured, the ratio of the measured blood flow rate to the set blood flow rate in the blood pump (blood flow rate ratio) was determined, and when the blood flow rate ratio was below a predetermined ratio, a blood removal failure occurred A method to detect the occurrence of troubles that cause poor blood removal. 血液流量比が90%以下になったときに脱血不良が発生したと判断する、請求項5に記載の検知方法。   The detection method according to claim 5, wherein it is determined that a blood removal failure has occurred when the blood flow ratio becomes 90% or less. 血液流量比が95%以下になったときに脱血不良が発生したと判断する、請求項5に記載の検知方法。
The detection method according to claim 5, wherein it is determined that a blood removal failure has occurred when the blood flow ratio becomes 95% or less.
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