JP5800512B2 - Blood purification equipment - Google Patents

Blood purification equipment Download PDF

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JP5800512B2
JP5800512B2 JP2011012185A JP2011012185A JP5800512B2 JP 5800512 B2 JP5800512 B2 JP 5800512B2 JP 2011012185 A JP2011012185 A JP 2011012185A JP 2011012185 A JP2011012185 A JP 2011012185A JP 5800512 B2 JP5800512 B2 JP 5800512B2
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blood
pressure
pressure increase
supply channel
return
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JP2012152288A (en
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新里 徹
徹 新里
真幹 三輪
真幹 三輪
泰代 丸山
泰代 丸山
正富 佐々木
正富 佐々木
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Nextier Corp
Asahi Kasei Medical Co Ltd
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本発明は、血液浄化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus.

例えば血液透析処理は、血液透析装置により行われている。血液透析装置は、図8に示すように通常、血液浄化器101と、動脈穿刺針100から血液浄化器101に血液を供給するための血液供給流路102と、血液浄化器101から静脈穿刺針103に血液を返送するための血液返送流路104からなる血液回路105を有し、血液供給流路102には、血液を送出する血液ポンプ106が設けられている。血液透析処理時には、血液ポンプ106を稼働させ、動脈穿刺針100から採取された患者の血液を血液浄化器101に送り、浄化した後、静脈穿刺針103から患者に戻している。   For example, hemodialysis treatment is performed by a hemodialysis apparatus. As shown in FIG. 8, the hemodialysis apparatus normally has a blood purifier 101, a blood supply channel 102 for supplying blood from the arterial puncture needle 100 to the blood purifier 101, and a vein puncture needle from the blood purifier 101. A blood circuit 105 including a blood return channel 104 for returning blood is provided at 103, and a blood pump 106 for delivering blood is provided in the blood supply channel 102. At the time of hemodialysis, the blood pump 106 is operated, the blood of the patient collected from the arterial puncture needle 100 is sent to the blood purifier 101 and purified, and then returned to the patient from the venipuncture needle 103.

また、血液透析処理の終了時には、血液回路105内に残存している血液を患者に戻す返血処理を行う必要がある。このため、血液供給流路102の血液ポンプ106より上流側には、電解質液バック107に連通する電解質液供給流路108が接続されており、返血処理時には、電解質液供給流路108を通じて血液供給流路102に電解質液が供給され、血液回路105内が電解質液で置換され、血液回路105内の血液が患者に戻される。   At the end of the hemodialysis process, it is necessary to perform a blood return process for returning the blood remaining in the blood circuit 105 to the patient. For this reason, an electrolyte solution supply channel 108 communicating with the electrolyte solution bag 107 is connected to the blood supply channel 102 upstream of the blood pump 106, and blood is returned through the electrolyte solution supply channel 108 during blood return processing. The electrolyte solution is supplied to the supply channel 102, the blood circuit 105 is replaced with the electrolyte solution, and the blood in the blood circuit 105 is returned to the patient.

ところで、透析患者は、無尿であるため、自身で適正な体液量に保つことができず、血液透析処理前には、体液が過剰な状態になっている。血液透析処理では、患者の適正な体液量に対応する適正体重(ドライウェイト)を設定し、当該ドライウェイトを透析終了時の目標体重として除水量が定められて透析が行われている。このドライウェイトは、通常、レントゲン写真の所見や体の浮腫の状態、患者の症状等に基づいて、医師が決定している。   By the way, since dialysis patients are urine-free, they cannot maintain an appropriate amount of body fluid by themselves, and the body fluid is in an excessive state before hemodialysis. In hemodialysis, an appropriate body weight (dry weight) corresponding to an appropriate amount of body fluid of a patient is set, and the amount of water to be removed is determined with the dry weight as a target body weight at the end of dialysis. This dry weight is usually determined by a doctor based on X-ray findings, body edema status, patient symptoms, and the like.

平澤由平ら、透析会誌. 34(9):1277-1286,2001年Yuhei Hirasawa, Journal of Dialysis Society. 34 (9): 1277-1286, 2001

しかしながら、このように医師の主観的な見解や経験則によりドライウェイトが決定されているため、ドライウェイトの設定が正しくない場合がある。ドライウェイトが低く設定されていると、血液透析処理中あるいは血液透析処理後に体液量が過小となり、患者の具合が悪くなったり患者が低血圧に陥ることがある。   However, since the dry weight is determined based on the subjective opinion and empirical rule of the doctor as described above, the setting of the dry weight may be incorrect. If the dry weight is set low, the amount of body fluid becomes excessive during or after hemodialysis, and the patient's condition may deteriorate or the patient may fall into hypotension.

本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、ドライウェイトを正しく簡単に定めるための情報を提供可能な血液透析装置などの血液浄化装置を提供することをその目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of this point, and it aims at providing the blood purification apparatuses, such as a hemodialysis apparatus which can provide the information for determining a dry weight correctly and simply.

上記目的を達成するための本発明は、体内から取り出した血液を血液浄化器に供給し当該血液浄化器から体内に戻す血液浄化処理を行うための血液回路を有し、血液浄化処理終了時に前記血液回路に血液の置換液を供給して前記血液回路内の血液を体内に戻す返血処理を行う血液浄化装置において、前記血液回路は、穿刺針と前記血液浄化器とを接続し、血液を前記血液浄化器に供給するための血液供給流路を有し、前記血液供給流路は、血液ポンプと、前記血液ポンプよりも上流側に設けられた開閉弁と、前記血液供給流路内の前記開閉弁よりも上流側の圧力を測定する圧力測定装置と、を有し、当該血液浄化装置は、前記返血処理前後の血圧上昇程度である血圧上昇率を算出するための血圧上昇程度演算部と、前記血圧上昇程度演算部により算出された前記血圧上昇率を表示するため血圧上昇程度表示部と、を有し、前記圧力測定装置は、前記血液供給流路の前記血液ポンプを停止し、前記開閉弁を閉じた状態で、前記返血処理前後の圧力を測定し、前記血圧上昇程度演算部は、前記圧力測定装置により測定された前記返血処理前後の圧力に基づいて前記血圧上昇率を算出する、血液浄化装置である。 The present invention for achieving the above object has a blood circuit for performing a blood purification process for supplying blood taken out from the body to the blood purifier and returning the blood from the blood purifier to the body. In a blood purification apparatus for performing blood return processing for supplying blood replacement liquid to the blood circuit and returning the blood in the blood circuit to the body, the blood circuit connects the puncture needle and the blood purifier to remove blood. A blood supply channel for supplying to the blood purifier, the blood supply channel comprising: a blood pump; an on-off valve provided upstream of the blood pump; A pressure measuring device that measures a pressure upstream of the on-off valve, and the blood purification device calculates a blood pressure rise degree for calculating a blood pressure rise rate that is a blood pressure rise degree before and after the blood return process And blood pressure increase degree calculation unit A blood pressure increase degree display unit for displaying the calculated blood pressure increase rate, and the pressure measuring device stops the blood pump in the blood supply channel and closes the on-off valve. The blood purification apparatus measures the pressure before and after the blood return process, and the blood pressure increase degree calculation unit calculates the blood pressure increase rate based on the pressure before and after the blood return process measured by the pressure measuring device. is there.

本発明は、発明者によりドライウェイトの設定の適否と返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度との間に相関があることが確認されたことによってなされたものである。本発明によれば、返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度が算出され、当該血圧上昇の程度が表示されるので、ドライウェイトを正しく簡単に定めるための情報を提供できる。   The present invention has been made when the inventors have confirmed that there is a correlation between the appropriateness of setting the dry weight and the degree of blood pressure increase before and after the blood return process. According to the present invention, the degree of increase in blood pressure before and after blood return processing is calculated and the degree of increase in blood pressure is displayed, so that information for determining the dry weight correctly and simply can be provided.

前記血圧上昇程度表示部は、前記血圧上昇率の経時的変化を表示できるものであってもよい。 The blood pressure increase degree display unit may be capable of displaying a temporal change in the blood pressure increase rate .

前記血液浄化装置は、前記血液ポンプが前記血液浄化処理用の駆動モードから、前記返血処理用の駆動モードに変わったときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理前の圧力の測定を実行させ、前記血液ポンプの前記返血処理用の駆動モードが終了したときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理後の圧力の測定を実行させる制御装置有していてもよい。 The blood purification apparatus performs measurement of the pressure before the blood return process by the pressure measuring device when the blood pump changes from the blood purification process drive mode to the blood return process drive mode. The blood pump may have a control device that executes measurement of the pressure after the blood return process by the pressure measuring device when the drive mode for the blood return process of the blood pump ends.

前記圧力測定装置を有する血液浄化装置は、前記血液回路への置換液の供給が開始される直前に、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理前の圧力の測定を実行させ、前記血液回路への置換液の供給が終了したときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理後の圧力の測定を実行させる制御装置を、さらに有していてもよい。   The blood purification device having the pressure measuring device causes the pressure measuring device to measure the pressure before the blood return process immediately before the supply of the replacement fluid to the blood circuit is started, When the supply of the replacement liquid is completed, the apparatus may further include a control device that executes measurement of the pressure after the blood return process by the pressure measuring device.

本発明によれば、ドライウェイトを正しく簡単に定めるための情報を提供できるので、医師が正確かつ迅速にドライウェイトの設定を行うことができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide information for determining the dry weight correctly and simply, so that the doctor can set the dry weight accurately and quickly.

血液透析装置の構成の概略を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of a structure of the hemodialysis apparatus. 返血処理時の血液透析装置の状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the hemodialysis apparatus at the time of a blood return process. 返血処理時の血液透析装置の状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the hemodialysis apparatus at the time of a blood return process. 表示部に表示された血圧上昇率の推移の例を示すものである。The example of transition of the blood pressure increase rate displayed on the display part is shown. 血圧変化と補液との関係を示す実験結果である。It is an experimental result which shows the relationship between a blood pressure change and a replacement fluid. 透析処理終了時の体液量の設定と血圧上昇率の関係を示す実験結果である。It is an experimental result which shows the relationship between the setting of the bodily fluid amount at the time of completion | finish of a dialysis treatment, and a blood pressure increase rate. 血液透析処理時と返血処理時の血圧変動を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the blood-pressure fluctuation | variation at the time of a hemodialysis process and a blood return process. 改良前の血液透析装置の構成を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the hemodialysis apparatus before improvement.

以下、本発明の実施形態の一例を図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施の形態にかかる血液浄化装置としての血液透析装置1の構成の概略を示す説明図である。   Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of a hemodialysis apparatus 1 as a blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment.

血液透析装置1は、例えば血液回路10と、返血装置11、圧力測定装置12及び制御装置13等を有している。   The hemodialysis apparatus 1 includes, for example, a blood circuit 10, a blood return device 11, a pressure measurement device 12, a control device 13, and the like.

血液回路10は、例えば血液を浄化する血液浄化器20と、動脈穿刺針21から血液浄化器20に血液を供給するための血液供給流路22と、血液浄化器20から静脈穿刺針23に血液を返送するための血液返送流路24と、ドリップチャンバ25、26を有している。   The blood circuit 10 includes, for example, a blood purifier 20 for purifying blood, a blood supply channel 22 for supplying blood from the arterial puncture needle 21 to the blood purifier 20, and blood from the blood purifier 20 to the vein puncture needle 23. Blood return flow path 24 and drip chambers 25 and 26.

血液供給流路22上には、血液を血液浄化器20に送出するための血液送出装置としての血液ポンプ27と、血液ポンプ27よりも上流側を開閉する電磁弁などの開閉弁28が設けられている。   On the blood supply channel 22, there are provided a blood pump 27 as a blood delivery device for delivering blood to the blood purifier 20, and an on-off valve 28 such as an electromagnetic valve for opening and closing the upstream side of the blood pump 27. ing.

血液浄化器20は、例えば中空糸の膜30を内蔵した中空糸モジュールであり、膜30の一次側20aに血液を通し、二次側20bに透析液を通し、一次側20aの血液中の不要物質を膜30を通じて二次側20bの透析液に取り込んで血液を透析することができる。   The blood purifier 20 is a hollow fiber module incorporating a hollow fiber membrane 30, for example. Blood is passed through the primary side 20 a of the membrane 30, dialysate is passed through the secondary side 20 b, and unnecessary in the blood on the primary side 20 a. The substance can be taken into the dialysate on the secondary side 20b through the membrane 30 to dialyze the blood.

血液供給流路22及び血液返送流路24には、例えば軟質のチューブが用いられている。血液ポンプ27は、例えばチューブポンプであり、血液供給流路22のチューブを扱いて血液を血液浄化器20側に圧送できる。   For the blood supply channel 22 and the blood return channel 24, for example, soft tubes are used. The blood pump 27 is a tube pump, for example, and can handle the tube of the blood supply flow path 22 to pump blood to the blood purifier 20 side.

ドリップチャンバ25は、血液供給流路22の血液ポンプ27と血液浄化器20との間に設けられている。ドリップチャンバ26は、血液返送流路24に設けられ、ドリップチャンバ26には、静脈圧力センサ31が設けられている。   The drip chamber 25 is provided between the blood pump 27 and the blood purifier 20 in the blood supply flow path 22. The drip chamber 26 is provided in the blood return flow path 24, and the drip chamber 26 is provided with a venous pressure sensor 31.

返血装置11は、例えば電解質液バック40と、電解質液バック40から血液供給流路22に接続された電解質液供給流路41と、電解質液供給流路41を開閉する電磁弁などの開閉弁42とを有している。   The blood return device 11 includes, for example, an electrolyte solution bag 40, an electrolyte solution supply channel 41 connected from the electrolyte solution bag 40 to the blood supply channel 22, and an open / close valve such as an electromagnetic valve that opens and closes the electrolyte solution supply channel 41. 42.

電解質液バック40は、血液の置換液としての電解質液を自由落下させるため高い位置に設置されている。電解質液供給流路41は、血液供給流路22の開閉弁28と血液ポンプ27との間に接続されている。   The electrolyte solution bag 40 is installed at a high position in order to freely drop the electrolyte solution as a blood replacement solution. The electrolyte solution supply channel 41 is connected between the open / close valve 28 of the blood supply channel 22 and the blood pump 27.

圧力測定装置12は、例えば圧力検出部50と、当該圧力検出部50と血液供給流路22とを接続する圧力検出用流路51とを有している。圧力検出部50は、例えば気圧センサである。圧力検出用流路51は、血液供給流路22よりも内径が小さいチューブにより形成されており、血液供給流路22の開閉弁28の上流側に接続されている。圧力検出用流路51内には、気体と液体の境界があり、圧力測定装置12は、液圧を気圧に変換することによって血液供給流路22内の圧力を測定できる。   The pressure measurement device 12 includes, for example, a pressure detection unit 50 and a pressure detection flow channel 51 that connects the pressure detection unit 50 and the blood supply flow channel 22. The pressure detection unit 50 is, for example, an atmospheric pressure sensor. The pressure detection channel 51 is formed by a tube having an inner diameter smaller than that of the blood supply channel 22 and is connected to the upstream side of the on-off valve 28 of the blood supply channel 22. There is a boundary between gas and liquid in the pressure detection channel 51, and the pressure measuring device 12 can measure the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 by converting the fluid pressure into atmospheric pressure.

制御装置13は、例えば汎用のコンピュータであり、記憶部60、血圧上昇程度演算部61、表示部(血圧上昇程度表示部)62等を有している。記憶部60は、例えば圧力検出部50により検出された返血処理前後の血液供給流路22の圧力情報を記憶できる。血圧上昇程度演算部61は、例えば記憶部60の返血処理前後の圧力情報から、返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度としての血圧上昇率を算出できる。すなわち、例えば血液ポンプ27が停止した、血液供給流路22に血液が流通していない状態においては、血液供給流路22内の圧力はシャント血管圧に等しく、そのシャント血管圧は血圧に比例する。このため、血圧の返血処理前後の比は、血液ポンプ27が停止した状態における血液供給流路22内の圧力の返血処理前後の比に等しくなる。したがって、記憶部60の返血処理前後の血液ポンプ27が停止した状態における血液供給流路22の圧力情報から、返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度としての血圧上昇率を算出できる。
具体的には、血圧上昇率Rは、次の式(1)により算出される。

血圧上昇率R=(返血後血液供給流路内圧−返血前血液供給流路内圧)/(返血前血液供給流路内圧)×100・・・式(1)

表示部62は、血圧上昇程度演算部61により算出された血圧上昇率Rを表示できる。
The control device 13 is, for example, a general-purpose computer, and includes a storage unit 60, a blood pressure increase degree calculation unit 61, a display unit (blood pressure increase degree display unit) 62, and the like. The storage unit 60 can store pressure information of the blood supply channel 22 before and after blood return processing detected by the pressure detection unit 50, for example. The blood pressure increase degree calculation unit 61 can calculate the blood pressure increase rate as the degree of blood pressure increase before and after the blood return process from the pressure information before and after the blood return process in the storage unit 60, for example. That is, for example, in a state where the blood pump 27 is stopped and no blood is flowing through the blood supply channel 22, the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 is equal to the shunt blood pressure, and the shunt blood pressure is proportional to the blood pressure. . Therefore, the ratio of blood pressure before and after the blood return process is equal to the ratio of the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 before and after the blood return process when the blood pump 27 is stopped. Therefore, the blood pressure increase rate as the degree of blood pressure increase before and after the blood return process can be calculated from the pressure information of the blood supply channel 22 in a state where the blood pump 27 before and after the blood return process in the storage unit 60 is stopped.
Specifically, the blood pressure increase rate R is calculated by the following equation (1).

Blood pressure increase rate R = (post-return blood supply channel internal pressure−pre-return blood supply channel internal pressure) / (pre-return blood supply channel internal pressure) × 100 (1)

The display unit 62 can display the blood pressure increase rate R calculated by the blood pressure increase degree calculating unit 61.

また、制御装置13は、血液透析装置1の全体の動作も制御している。制御装置13は、圧力測定装置12、血液ポンプ27、開閉弁28、開閉弁42等の動作を制御し、血液透析処理及び当該血液透析処理終了時に行われる返血処理を実行することができる。   The control device 13 also controls the overall operation of the hemodialysis device 1. The control device 13 can control the operations of the pressure measuring device 12, the blood pump 27, the on-off valve 28, the on-off valve 42, etc., and can execute the hemodialysis process and the blood return process performed at the end of the hemodialysis process.

次に、以上のように構成された血液透析装置1の作動方法を、血液透析処理及び返血処理のプロセスと共に説明する。   Next, the operation method of the hemodialysis apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described together with the hemodialysis process and the blood return process.

血液透析処理では、例えば図1に示すように開閉弁42が閉鎖され、開閉弁28が開放された状態で、血液ポンプ27が正回転され、患者の血液が動脈穿刺針21から血液供給流路22を通って血液浄化器20に送られる。血液浄化器20において血液中の不要物質が除去される。血液浄化器20を通過して浄化された血液は、血液返送流路24を通って静脈穿刺針23から患者に戻される。   In the hemodialysis treatment, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the on / off valve 42 is closed and the on / off valve 28 is opened, the blood pump 27 is rotated forward, and the patient's blood is supplied from the arterial puncture needle 21 to the blood supply channel. 22 is sent to blood purifier 20. In the blood purifier 20, unnecessary substances in the blood are removed. The blood purified through the blood purifier 20 is returned to the patient from the venipuncture needle 23 through the blood return channel 24.

所定時間の血液透析が行われた後、血液ポンプ27が停止され、血液透析処理が終了する。次に、血液回路10内の残存血液を患者に戻す返血処理が行われる。この返血処理の前後に圧力測定装置12により血液供給流路22内の圧力が測定される。   After hemodialysis is performed for a predetermined time, the blood pump 27 is stopped and the hemodialysis process is terminated. Next, a blood return process for returning the remaining blood in the blood circuit 10 to the patient is performed. The pressure in the blood supply channel 22 is measured by the pressure measuring device 12 before and after the blood return process.

返血処理前には、例えば血液透析処理終了後、血液ポンプ27が停止された状態で、開閉弁28が閉じられ、その状態で圧力検出部50により血液供給流路22内の圧力が検出される。圧力検出部50により検出された圧力情報は、制御装置13の記憶部60に記憶される。なお、血液供給流路22の圧力測定は、制御装置13により実行され、制御装置13は、血液ポンプ27が血液透析処理用の駆動モードから、返血処理用の駆動モードに変わった時に、返血処理前の血液供給流路22の圧力測定を実行する。   Before the blood return process, for example, after the hemodialysis process is completed, the open / close valve 28 is closed with the blood pump 27 stopped, and the pressure in the blood supply flow path 22 is detected by the pressure detection unit 50 in this state. The The pressure information detected by the pressure detection unit 50 is stored in the storage unit 60 of the control device 13. The pressure measurement of the blood supply flow path 22 is executed by the control device 13, and the control device 13 returns when the blood pump 27 is changed from the hemodialysis drive mode to the blood return drive mode. The pressure measurement of the blood supply flow path 22 before blood processing is performed.

返血処理では、先ず、図2に示すように開閉弁28が閉じられ、開閉弁42が開放され、血液ポンプ27が正回転されて、電解質液バック40の電解質液が電解質液供給流路41を通じて血液供給流路22内に流入せしめられる。このとき、電解質液は、血液供給流路22における電解質液供給流路41の接続部分Aよりも下流側に流れる。これにより、血液供給流路22の接続部分Aの下流側にある血液が電解質液により押され、静脈穿刺針23側から患者の体内に戻される。   In the blood return process, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the on-off valve 28 is closed, the on-off valve 42 is opened, the blood pump 27 is rotated forward, and the electrolyte solution in the electrolyte solution back 40 is supplied to the electrolyte solution supply channel 41. Through the blood supply channel 22. At this time, the electrolyte solution flows downstream of the connection portion A of the electrolyte solution supply channel 41 in the blood supply channel 22. As a result, blood on the downstream side of the connection portion A of the blood supply channel 22 is pushed by the electrolyte solution and returned from the venipuncture needle 23 side to the patient's body.

次に、図3に示すように開閉弁42が閉鎖され、開閉弁28が開放され、血液ポンプ27が逆回転される。これにより、血液供給流路22の電解質液供給流路41との接続部分Aより下流側に流入していた電解質液が当該接続部分Aよりも上流側に流され、当該上流側にある血液が動脈穿刺針21から患者の体内に戻される。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the on-off valve 42 is closed, the on-off valve 28 is opened, and the blood pump 27 is reversely rotated. As a result, the electrolyte solution that has flowed downstream from the connection portion A of the blood supply flow channel 22 to the electrolyte solution supply flow channel 41 is caused to flow upstream from the connection portion A, and the blood on the upstream side flows. It returns to the patient's body from the arterial puncture needle 21.

このような図2に示した血液供給流路22の接続部分Aよりも下流側への電解質液の供給と、図3に示した血液供給流路22の接続部分Aよりも上流側への電解質液の供給が繰り返し行われ、血液浄化器20及び血液回路10等内の血液がすべて患者の体内に戻されると、血液ポンプ27が停止され、返血処理が終了する。   2 is supplied to the downstream side of the connection portion A of the blood supply channel 22 shown in FIG. 2, and the electrolyte is connected to the upstream side of the connection portion A of the blood supply channel 22 shown in FIG. When the liquid is repeatedly supplied and all the blood in the blood purifier 20 and the blood circuit 10 is returned to the patient's body, the blood pump 27 is stopped and the blood return process is completed.

次に、返血処理後の血液供給流路22内の圧力が測定される。この返血処理後の圧力測定は、上述の返血処理前の圧力測定と同様に、血液ポンプ27が停止された状態で、開閉弁28が閉じられ、その状態で圧力検出部50により血液供給流路22の圧力が検出されて行われる。この返血処理後の血液供給流路22の圧力情報は、例えば記憶部60に記憶される。なお、当該血液供給流路22の圧力測定は、制御装置13により実行され、制御装置13は、血液ポンプ27の返血処理用の駆動モードが終了したときに圧力測定を実行する。   Next, the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 after blood return processing is measured. In the pressure measurement after the blood return process, similarly to the pressure measurement before the blood return process described above, the on-off valve 28 is closed in a state where the blood pump 27 is stopped, and the blood is supplied by the pressure detector 50 in that state. This is performed by detecting the pressure of the flow path 22. The pressure information of the blood supply channel 22 after the blood return process is stored in the storage unit 60, for example. Note that the pressure measurement of the blood supply flow path 22 is executed by the control device 13, and the control device 13 executes the pressure measurement when the driving mode for blood return processing of the blood pump 27 ends.

制御装置13では、記憶部60に記憶されている返血処理前後の血液供給流路22の圧力に基づいて、血圧上昇程度演算部70により上述の式(1)を用いて血圧上昇率Rが算出される。算出された血圧上昇率Rは、表示部62に表示される。   In the control device 13, the blood pressure increase rate R is calculated by the blood pressure increase degree calculation unit 70 using the above equation (1) based on the pressure of the blood supply flow path 22 before and after the blood return process stored in the storage unit 60. Calculated. The calculated blood pressure increase rate R is displayed on the display unit 62.

以上の実施の形態によれば、血圧上昇程度演算部61により返血処理前後の血圧上昇率Rが算出され、表示部62により血圧上昇率Rが表示されるので、ドライウェイトを正しく簡単に定めるための情報が提供される。   According to the above embodiment, the blood pressure increase rate R before and after blood return processing is calculated by the blood pressure increase degree calculation unit 61 and the blood pressure increase rate R is displayed by the display unit 62, so that the dry weight is correctly and simply determined. Information is provided.

血圧上昇率Rの表示によりドライウェイトを正しく簡単に定めることができるのは、返血処理前後の血圧上昇率と患者のドライウェイトの設定の適否に相関があることによる。この相関について発明者は、次のように考えている。ドライウェイトの設定が低く設定されていると、すなわち、体内の適正体液量が過小に設定されていると、血液透析処理中に、体内の消化器系臓器や脳などの代謝が盛んな重要臓器に血液を環流させるのに必要な量よりも血液環流量が減少し、代謝が盛んなこれらの臓器への酸素の供給量が減少する。
代謝が盛んなこれらの臓器は大量の酸素を消費するので、当該臓器では酸素の供給量の減少により酸素濃度が低下する。このような状態になると、代謝が盛んなこれらの臓器ではアデノシンや一酸化窒素(NO)などの血管拡張物質が分泌され、これにより血液環流量を再び増加させようとする。実際、アデノシンや一酸化窒素(NO)などの血管拡張物質の分泌量の増加がある程度以下であれば、これに伴って、当該臓器では酸素供給量が再び増大し、以って、酸素濃度の低下が防がれる。しかし、アデノシンや一酸化窒素(NO)などの血管拡張物質の分泌量の増加がある程度以上になると、拡張して容積の増した血管に有意の量の血液が貯留するようになるため、血圧が低下し、当該臓器への血液環流量はさらに低下し、当該臓器への酸素供給量はかえって減少するようになり、以て、当該臓器の酸素濃度はさらに低下する。
The reason why the dry weight can be determined correctly and simply by displaying the blood pressure increase rate R is that there is a correlation between the blood pressure increase rate before and after the blood return process and the appropriateness of the setting of the patient's dry weight. The inventor considers this correlation as follows. If the dry weight setting is set low, that is, if the appropriate amount of fluid in the body is set too low, vital organs such as digestive system organs and brain that are actively metabolized during hemodialysis The blood flow rate is reduced from the amount necessary to circulate blood, and the supply of oxygen to these organs with high metabolism is reduced.
Since these organs with high metabolism consume a large amount of oxygen, the oxygen concentration in the organ decreases due to a decrease in the supply amount of oxygen. In such a state, these organs with high metabolism secrete vasodilators such as adenosine and nitric oxide (NO), thereby trying to increase the blood flow rate again. In fact, if the increase in secretion of vasodilators such as adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) is below a certain level, the oxygen supply in the organ increases again, and the oxygen concentration Reduction is prevented. However, if the increase in the amount of secretion of vasodilators such as adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) exceeds a certain level, a significant amount of blood will be stored in blood vessels that have expanded and increased in volume. The blood circulation flow rate to the organ further decreases, the oxygen supply amount to the organ decreases, and the oxygen concentration of the organ further decreases.

このように、代謝が盛んな臓器でアデノシンや一酸化窒素(NO)などの血管拡張物質の分泌が行われて、血圧が低下している状態で、血液供給流路22に電解質液が導入されて返血処理が行われると、血液回路10内に残留していた血液が体内に戻され、主に血管が拡張している当該臓器に流入する。この結果、代謝が盛んな当該臓器への酸素供給量が増大し、以って、アデノシンや一酸化窒素(NO)などの血管拡張物質の分泌が停止し、当該臓器の血管は収縮して、血圧が上昇する。一方、血圧が低下していない状態で、返血処理が行われても、血圧が上昇する現象は起きない。(参考文献Shinzato T, et. al: Role of adenosine in dialysis-induced hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 1987-1994, 1994.)
即ち、返血処理により血圧が上昇した場合、代謝が盛んな臓器の血液環流量が減少して血管拡張物質が分泌されていたことを示すものであり、体液量が過小でドライウェットの設定が低かったことを示すものである。したがって、返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度は、ドライウェットの設定の低さの程度になる。
In this way, an electrolyte solution is introduced into the blood supply channel 22 in a state where blood vessels are lowered due to secretion of vasodilators such as adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) in organs with high metabolism. When the blood return process is performed, the blood remaining in the blood circuit 10 is returned to the body and flows into the organ in which the blood vessel is mainly expanded. As a result, the amount of oxygen supply to the organ with high metabolism increases, so that secretion of vasodilators such as adenosine and nitric oxide (NO) stops, and the blood vessels of the organ contract. Blood pressure rises. On the other hand, even if blood return processing is performed in a state where the blood pressure has not decreased, a phenomenon in which the blood pressure increases does not occur. (Reference Shinzato T, et. Al: Role of adenosine in dialysis-induced hypotension. J Am Soc Nephrol 4: 1987-1994, 1994.)
That is, when blood pressure increases due to blood return processing, it indicates that the blood circulation flow rate of the organ with active metabolism is decreased and the vasodilator is secreted. It indicates that it was low. Therefore, the degree of blood pressure increase before and after the blood return process is a low level of dry / wet setting.

これは、ドライウェットの設定が正しく、血液透析処理中の患者の状態が良好な場合には、電解質液を急速に補液しても、血圧は変化しないことからも明らかである。なお、後述する実施例では、これらを裏付ける実験結果を示す。   This is also clear from the fact that blood pressure does not change even when the electrolyte solution is rapidly replaced when the dry and wet settings are correct and the patient is in good condition during hemodialysis. In the examples described later, experimental results supporting these are shown.

以上の実施の形態においては、血液透析装置1が、返血前後の血液供給流路22内の圧力を測定する圧力測定装置12を有し、血圧上昇程度演算部61は、当該圧力測定装置12により測定された血液供給流路22内の圧力に基づいて血圧上昇率Rを算出するので、血圧上昇率Rの算出を自動で短時間で行うことができる。また、患者に不快感を与えることなく、安定的に血圧上昇率Rを測定できる。   In the above embodiment, the hemodialysis apparatus 1 has the pressure measurement device 12 that measures the pressure in the blood supply flow path 22 before and after the return of blood, and the blood pressure increase degree calculation unit 61 includes the pressure measurement device 12. Since the blood pressure increase rate R is calculated based on the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 measured by the above, the blood pressure increase rate R can be automatically calculated in a short time. In addition, the blood pressure increase rate R can be measured stably without causing discomfort to the patient.

また、制御装置13は、血液ポンプ27が血液透析処理用の駆動モードから、返血処理用の駆動モードに変わったときに、圧力測定装置12に返血処理前における血液供給流路22内の圧力の測定を実行させ、血液ポンプ27の返血処理用の駆動モードが終了したときに、圧力測定装置12に返血処理後における血液供給流路22内の圧力の測定を実行させている。これにより、血液ポンプ27に対する既存のモード信号を血液供給流路22内の圧力の測定のトリガとして利用でき、当該圧力の測定の制御を簡略化できる。   Further, when the blood pump 27 changes from the hemodialysis driving mode to the blood return driving mode, the control device 13 causes the pressure measuring device 12 to return the blood supply channel 22 in the blood supply channel 22 before blood return processing. When the pressure measurement is executed and the blood return driving mode of the blood pump 27 is completed, the pressure measurement device 12 is made to measure the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 after the blood return processing. As a result, the existing mode signal for the blood pump 27 can be used as a trigger for measuring the pressure in the blood supply flow path 22, and the control of the pressure measurement can be simplified.

なお、制御装置13は、返血装置11による血液回路10への電解質液の供給が開始されたときに、圧力測定装置12に返血処理前の血液供給流路22内の圧力の測定を実行させ、返血装置11による血液回路10への電解質液の供給が終了したときに、圧力測定装置12に返血処理後の圧力の測定を実行させてもよい。かかる場合も、返血装置11の動作信号を圧力測定のトリガとして利用でき、圧力測定の制御を簡略化できる。   When the supply of the electrolyte solution to the blood circuit 10 by the blood return device 11 is started, the control device 13 causes the pressure measurement device 12 to measure the pressure in the blood supply flow path 22 before blood return processing. Then, when the supply of the electrolyte solution to the blood circuit 10 by the blood return device 11 is completed, the pressure measurement device 12 may perform the measurement of the pressure after the blood return process. Also in this case, the operation signal of the blood return device 11 can be used as a trigger for pressure measurement, and the control of pressure measurement can be simplified.

以上の実施の形態において、表示部62は、血圧上昇率Rの経時的変化を表示できるものであってもよい。例えば、制御装置13が、血圧上昇程度演算部61により血圧上昇率を算出した日を特定するための時計を有し、表示部62は、図4に示すように、時計により特定された月日についての血圧上昇率Rを経時的に表示するようにしてもよい。こうすることにより、患者の過去の血圧上昇率Rの推移からドライウェイトをより正しく簡単に設定できる。なお、この例において、表示部62には、図4に示したように患者の血圧上昇率の適正範囲Sが表示されていてもよい。医師は、この適正範囲Sに基づいて次からの透析時のドライウェイトを決定することができる。   In the above embodiment, the display unit 62 may be capable of displaying a change over time in the blood pressure increase rate R. For example, the control device 13 has a clock for specifying the day on which the blood pressure increase rate is calculated by the blood pressure increase degree calculating unit 61, and the display unit 62 is a date and time specified by the clock as shown in FIG. The blood pressure increase rate R for may be displayed over time. By doing so, the dry weight can be set more correctly and easily from the transition of the blood pressure increase rate R of the patient in the past. In this example, the display unit 62 may display an appropriate range S of the blood pressure increase rate of the patient as shown in FIG. Based on the appropriate range S, the doctor can determine the dry weight for the next dialysis.

以上の実施の形態において、返血処理後における血液供給流路22内の圧力を測定し、これらの圧力に基づいて血圧上昇率を算出していたが、血液透析装置1が、カフにより腕を圧迫して血圧を測定する血圧測定装置を有し、血圧上昇程度演算部61は、当該血圧測定装置により測定された返血処理前後に血圧に基づいて血圧上昇の程度を算出してもよい。   In the above embodiment, the pressure in the blood supply channel 22 after blood return processing is measured, and the blood pressure increase rate is calculated based on these pressures. The blood pressure measuring device 61 may measure the blood pressure by compressing the blood pressure, and the blood pressure increase calculating unit 61 may calculate the blood pressure increase based on the blood pressure before and after the blood return process measured by the blood pressure measuring device.

以上、添付図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施の形態について説明したが、本発明はかかる例に限定されない。当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された思想の範疇内において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、それらについても当然に本発明の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。   The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the idea described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood.

例えば、以上の実施の形態では、返血処理前後の血圧上昇の程度として血圧上昇率を用いていたが、血圧上昇の程度を表すものであれば他のものを用いてもよい。また、血圧の上昇程度を求める血圧として、収縮期血圧を用いてもよいし、平均血圧でも、拡張期血圧を用いてもよい。血圧は、シャント音に基づいて測定してもよい。血液透析装置1の回路構成は、他のものあってもよく、例えば血液供給流路22の血液ポンプ27の上流側に、ヘパリン溶液などの血液の抗凝固液を供給する抗凝固液供給流路が接続されていてもよい。また、血液供給流路22の抗凝固液供給流路との接続部分に圧力検出用流路51が接続されていてもよい。さらに、血液回路10は、血液供給流路22、血液返送流路24、又は血液浄化器20から分岐する流路を有するものであってもよい。制御装置13は、複数のコンピュータにより構成されていてもよい。また、以上の実施の形態では、返血処理後、直ちに血液供給流路22の圧力を測定したが、返血処理後、一定の時間後が経過して後に血液供給流路22の圧力を測定してもよい。本発明は、血液透析装置以外の血液浄化装置にも適用できる。   For example, in the above embodiment, the blood pressure increase rate is used as the degree of blood pressure increase before and after the blood return process, but any other means may be used as long as it represents the degree of blood pressure increase. In addition, the systolic blood pressure may be used as the blood pressure for obtaining the degree of increase in blood pressure, the average blood pressure, or the diastolic blood pressure may be used. The blood pressure may be measured based on a shunt sound. The hemodialyzer 1 may have other circuit configurations, for example, an anticoagulant supply channel for supplying blood anticoagulant such as heparin solution to the upstream side of the blood pump 27 of the blood supply channel 22. May be connected. Further, the pressure detection flow path 51 may be connected to a connection portion between the blood supply flow path 22 and the anticoagulant supply flow path. Furthermore, the blood circuit 10 may have a flow path that branches from the blood supply flow path 22, the blood return flow path 24, or the blood purifier 20. The control device 13 may be composed of a plurality of computers. In the above embodiment, the pressure of the blood supply flow path 22 is measured immediately after the blood return process, but the pressure of the blood supply flow path 22 is measured after a certain time has elapsed after the blood return process. May be. The present invention can also be applied to blood purification apparatuses other than hemodialysis apparatuses.

(予備評価1)
血液透析患者(女性、78才、透析歴6年)における150mLの補液治療による収縮期血圧変化と臨床症状を図5に示した。患者の臨床症状は良好であり、血圧も安定していた1回目補液時には、補液により収縮期血圧はほぼ上昇しなかった。これに対し、患者が倦怠感を訴え、血圧も低下していた2回目補液時には、補液により収縮期血圧は著しく上昇した。更に、患者が悪心を訴え、血圧も低下していた3回目補液時にも、補液により収縮期血圧は著しく上昇した。これにより、血圧が安定し症状が良好のときに補液を行った場合には血圧がほぼ変化せず、血圧が低下し症状が悪化しているときに補液を行った場合には血圧が上昇することが確認できる。
(予備評価2)
専門医により血液浄化終了時の体液量が適正(ドライウェイトの設定が適正)と診断された19名の血液透析患者における血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率と、専門医により血液浄化終了時の体液量が過小(ドライウェイトの設定が低い)と診断された10名の血液透析患者における血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率と、専門医により血液浄化終了時の体液量が過大(ドライウェイトの設定が高い)と診断された10名の血液透析患者における血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率を図6に示した。血液浄化終了時の体液量が過小と診断されていた血液透析患者では、血液浄化終了時の体液量が適正と診断されていた血液透析患者よりも、血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率が大きく、血液浄化終了時の体液量が過大と診断されていた血液透析患者では、血液浄化終了時の体液量が適正と診断されていた血液透析患者よりも、血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率が小さかった。すなわち、血液浄化終了時の体液量が適正と診断された19名の血液透析患者における収縮期血圧の上昇率は14.2±6.3%(平均値±標準偏差)、血液浄化終了時の体液量が過小であった10名の血液透析患者では60.6±30.4%、そして体液量が過大であった10名の血液透析患者では2.6±3.5%であった。
(Preliminary evaluation 1)
FIG. 5 shows changes in systolic blood pressure and clinical symptoms caused by 150 mL of fluid replacement treatment in hemodialysis patients (female, 78 years old, 6 years of dialysis). The patient's clinical symptoms were good and the blood pressure was stable. At the first fluid replacement, the systolic blood pressure was hardly increased by the fluid replacement. On the other hand, at the time of the second fluid replacement in which the patient complained of malaise and the blood pressure was also decreased, the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased by the fluid replacement. Furthermore, even during the third replenishment when the patient complained of nausea and the blood pressure was also reduced, the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased by the replenishment. As a result, when the fluid replacement is performed when the blood pressure is stable and the symptom is good, the blood pressure does not substantially change, and when the fluid replacement is performed when the blood pressure decreases and the symptom is worsening, the blood pressure increases. I can confirm that.
(Preliminary evaluation 2)
The rate of increase in systolic blood pressure by blood return processing at the end of blood purification in 19 hemodialysis patients diagnosed by the specialist as appropriate for the amount of body fluid at the end of blood purification (setting of the dry weight is appropriate) The rate of increase in systolic blood pressure by blood return processing at the end of blood purification in 10 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with low body fluid volume at the end of purification (low dry weight setting) and at the end of blood purification by a specialist FIG. 6 shows the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure by blood return processing at the end of blood purification in 10 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with excessive body fluid volume (high dry weight setting). In hemodialysis patients whose body fluid volume was diagnosed as too small at the end of blood purification, the systolic period due to blood return treatment at the end of blood purification was better than hemodialysis patients whose body fluid volume was diagnosed as appropriate at the end of blood purification Hemodialysis patients who have been diagnosed as having a high rate of increase in blood pressure and excessive body fluid volume at the end of blood purification will have more blood fluid at the end of blood purification than patients who have been diagnosed with adequate body fluid volume at the end of blood purification. The rate of increase in systolic blood pressure due to blood return treatment was small. That is, the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure in the 19 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with appropriate body fluid volume at the end of blood purification was 14.2 ± 6.3% (mean value ± standard deviation). It was 60.6 ± 30.4% in the 10 hemodialysis patients with excessive fluid volume, and 2.6 ± 3.5% in the 10 hemodialysis patients with excessive fluid volume.

この結果は、血液浄化終了時の返血処理による収縮期血圧の上昇率に基づいて、血液浄化終了時の目標体重(ドライウェイト)が適正か否か判断できることを示している。なお、血液浄化終了時に行う返血処理時には、血液浄化器、血液回路内の約200ml血液を患者の体内に戻し、この時、同時に約100ml電解質液が体内に入る。すなわち、血液浄化終了時に行う返血処理は、予備評価1により示された血液浄化中における電解質液の補液操作と同様な影響を及ぼす。   This result indicates that it is possible to determine whether or not the target weight (dry weight) at the end of blood purification is appropriate based on the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure due to the blood return process at the end of blood purification. At the time of blood return processing performed at the end of blood purification, about 200 ml of blood in the blood purifier and blood circuit is returned to the patient's body, and at this time, about 100 ml of electrolyte solution enters the body at the same time. That is, the blood return process performed at the end of the blood purification has the same effect as the electrolyte replacement operation during the blood purification indicated by the preliminary evaluation 1.

図7には、ドライウェイトの設定が低い患者の血液浄化処理及び返血処理時の収縮期血圧と拡張期血圧の変化を示す。
(評価症例1)
血液透析患者(男性、71才、透析歴4年)において、血液浄化治療終了時における目標体重(ドライウェイト)を下げたので、その前後における血液浄化治療終了時の返血処理による血圧上昇率を調べた。なお、血液浄化治療終了時におけるドライウェイトを下げることは、血液浄化治療終了時における体液量の目標値を下げることを意味する。
FIG. 7 shows changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure during blood purification processing and blood return processing for patients with low dry weight settings.
(Evaluation case 1)
In hemodialysis patients (male, 71 years old, 4 years of dialysis), the target body weight (dry weight) at the end of blood purification treatment was reduced. Examined. Note that lowering the dry weight at the end of blood purification treatment means lowering the target value of the body fluid volume at the end of blood purification treatment.

本実験によると、ドライウェイト46.6kgにおける透析終了時で返血処理前の収縮期血圧/拡張期血圧が184mmHg/82mmHgであったのに対して、返血処理終了の収縮期血圧/拡張期血圧は204mmHg/96mmHgであって、前記式(1)を用いて算出した収縮期血圧上昇率は、10.9%であった。   According to this experiment, the systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure at the end of dialysis at the dry weight of 46.6 kg before the blood return treatment was 184 mmHg / 82 mmHg, whereas the systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure at the end of the blood return treatment. The blood pressure was 204 mmHg / 96 mmHg, and the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure calculated using the formula (1) was 10.9%.

一方、ドライウェイトを46.2kgに下げた後においては、透析終了時で返血処理前の収縮期血圧/拡張期血圧は168mmHg/92mmHg、返血終了時の収縮期血圧/拡張期血圧は198mmHg/92mmHgとなり、前記式(1)を用いた収縮期血圧上昇率は、17.9%であった。   On the other hand, after the dry weight is lowered to 46.2 kg, the systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure before blood return treatment at the end of dialysis is 168 mmHg / 92 mmHg, and the systolic blood pressure / diastolic blood pressure at the end of blood return is 198 mmHg. The rate of increase in systolic blood pressure using the formula (1) was 17.9%.

ドライウェイトを下げることにより、収縮期血圧上昇率が10.9%から17.9%へと増大したというこの結果は、ドライウェイトと収縮期血圧上昇率とが逆相関することを示している。
(評価症例2)
長期に渡って収縮期血圧上昇率を追跡した血液透析患者(女性、63才、透析歴7年)において、血液浄化終了時の体重の目標値(ドライウェイト)の変更時点を挟んだ収縮期血圧上昇率の推移を図4に示した。
This result that the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure increased from 10.9% to 17.9% by lowering the dry weight indicates that the dry weight and the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure are inversely correlated.
(Evaluation case 2)
In hemodialysis patients (female, 63 years old, dialysis history 7 years) who have followed the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure over a long period of time, systolic blood pressure across the point of change in the target weight value (dry weight) at the end of blood purification The change in the rate of increase is shown in FIG.

この患者においては、図4の矢印の時点で、血液浄化終了時のドライウェイトが低すぎるとの判断の下、血液浄化終了時のドライウェイトを40.0kgから40.5kgに引き上げられた。これと一致して、それまで徐々に上昇していた収縮期血圧上昇率が、血液浄化終了時のドライウェイトを引き上げると共に、41.5%から18.8%に低下した。この結果は、収縮期血圧上昇率の経時的変化は、血液浄化終了時のドライウェイトの評価において有用であることを示す。   In this patient, the dry weight at the end of blood purification was raised from 40.0 kg to 40.5 kg at the time indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4 under the judgment that the dry weight at the end of blood purification was too low. Consistent with this, the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure, which had gradually increased until then, decreased from 41.5% to 18.8% while raising the dry weight at the end of blood purification. This result shows that the change over time in the rate of increase in systolic blood pressure is useful in the evaluation of dry weight at the end of blood purification.

1 血液透析装置
10 血液回路
11 返血装置
12 圧力測定装置
13 制御装置
20 血液浄化器
22 血液供給流路
24 血液返送流路
27 血液ポンプ
60 記憶部
61 血圧上昇程度演算部
62 表示部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hemodialysis apparatus 10 Blood circuit 11 Blood return apparatus 12 Pressure measuring apparatus 13 Control apparatus 20 Blood purifier 22 Blood supply flow path 24 Blood return flow path 27 Blood pump 60 Memory | storage part 61 Blood pressure rise degree calculating part 62 Display part

Claims (4)

体内から取り出した血液を血液浄化器に供給し当該血液浄化器から体内に戻す血液浄化処理を行うための血液回路を有し、血液浄化処理終了時に前記血液回路に血液の置換液を供給して前記血液回路内の血液を体内に戻す返血処理を行う血液浄化装置において、
前記血液回路は、穿刺針と前記血液浄化器とを接続し、血液を前記血液浄化器に供給するための血液供給流路を有し、
前記血液供給流路は、血液ポンプと、前記血液ポンプよりも上流側に設けられた開閉弁と、前記血液供給流路内の前記開閉弁よりも上流側の圧力を測定する圧力測定装置と、を有し、
当該血液浄化装置は、前記返血処理前後の血圧上昇程度である血圧上昇率を算出するための血圧上昇程度演算部と、
前記血圧上昇程度演算部により算出された前記血圧上昇率を表示するため血圧上昇程度表示部と、を有し、
前記圧力測定装置は、前記血液供給流路の前記血液ポンプを停止し、前記開閉弁を閉じた状態で、前記返血処理前後の圧力を測定し、
前記血圧上昇程度演算部は、前記圧力測定装置により測定された前記返血処理前後の圧力に基づいて前記血圧上昇率を算出する、血液浄化装置。
A blood circuit for performing a blood purification process for supplying blood taken out from the body to the blood purifier and returning the blood from the blood purifier to the body, and supplying a blood replacement fluid to the blood circuit at the end of the blood purification process; In a blood purification apparatus for performing blood return processing for returning blood in the blood circuit to the body,
The blood circuit has a blood supply channel for connecting the puncture needle and the blood purifier, and supplying blood to the blood purifier,
The blood supply channel includes a blood pump, an on-off valve provided on the upstream side of the blood pump, a pressure measuring device for measuring a pressure upstream of the on-off valve in the blood supply channel, Have
The blood purification apparatus includes a blood pressure increase degree calculation unit for calculating a blood pressure increase rate that is a blood pressure increase degree before and after the blood return process,
A blood pressure increase degree display unit for displaying the blood pressure increase rate calculated by the blood pressure increase degree calculation unit;
The pressure measuring device stops the blood pump in the blood supply flow path, and measures the pressure before and after the blood return process with the on-off valve closed.
The blood pressure increase degree calculation unit calculates the blood pressure increase rate based on the pressure before and after the blood return process measured by the pressure measuring device.
前記血圧上昇程度表示部は、前記血圧上昇率の経時的変化を表示できる、請求項1に記載の血液浄化装置。   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blood pressure increase degree display unit can display a change with time of the blood pressure increase rate. 前記血液ポンプが前記血液浄化処理用の駆動モードから、前記返血処理用の駆動モードに変わったときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理前の圧力の測定を実行させ、前記血液ポンプの前記返血処理用の駆動モードが終了したときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理後の圧力の測定を実行させる制御装置有する、請求項1又は2に記載の血液浄化装置。 When the blood pump changes from the driving mode for blood purification processing to the driving mode for blood return processing, the pressure measurement device performs measurement of the pressure before the blood return processing, and the blood pump The blood purification device according to claim 1, further comprising a control device that causes the pressure measurement device to measure the pressure after the blood return processing when the drive mode for the blood return processing ends. 前記血液回路への置換液の供給が開始される直前に、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理前の圧力の測定を実行させ、前記血液回路への置換液の供給が終了したときに、前記圧力測定装置による前記返血処理後の圧力の測定を実行させる制御装置を、さらに有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の血液浄化装置。   Immediately before the supply of the replacement fluid to the blood circuit is started, the measurement of the pressure before the blood return process by the pressure measuring device is executed, and when the supply of the replacement fluid to the blood circuit is completed, The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a control device that executes measurement of the pressure after the blood return processing by a pressure measuring device.
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