JP2008013529A - Method for removing oil in oil-containing solid urea - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、油分を含有する固形尿素中の油分を、簡易な操作で効率的に除去する方法に関する。本発明はまた、この方法で油分含有固形尿素中の油分を除去して得られた排ガス脱硝用尿素水に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for efficiently removing oil in solid urea containing oil by a simple operation. The present invention also relates to a urea water for exhaust gas denitration obtained by removing oil in the oil-containing solid urea by this method.
尿素（ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２）は、医薬品、保湿剤、肥料の製造原料等、幅広い用途に用いられている。 Urea (CO (NH 2 ) 2 ) is used in a wide range of applications such as pharmaceuticals, humectants, and fertilizer production raw materials.
特に、尿素を水に溶解させて得られる尿素水溶液は、エンジンから排出される排ガスからＮＯｘを分解除去するための尿素ＳＣＲ（Selective Catalytic Reduction：選択還元触媒）システムに使用される排ガス脱硝用尿素水として用いられている。 In particular, a urea aqueous solution obtained by dissolving urea in water is a urea water for exhaust gas denitration used in a urea SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system for decomposing and removing NOx from exhaust gas discharged from an engine. It is used as.
この尿素ＳＣＲシステムは、尿素を還元剤として用い、エンジンからの排ガスがＳＣＲ触媒コンバータに入る直前に、尿素水溶液を圧縮空気とともに噴射して排ガスに混合し、ＳＣＲ触媒コンバータ内で、下記反応に従って、排出ガス中のＮＯｘと尿素が分解して生成したアンモニアとで、ＮＯｘを水と無害な窒素に分解する。
（ＮＨ２）２ＣＯ＋Ｈ２Ｏ→２ＮＨ３＋ＣＯ２
４ＮＨ３＋４ＮＯ＋Ｏ２→４Ｎ２＋６Ｈ２Ｏ
４ＮＨ３＋２ＮＯ２＋Ｏ２→３Ｎ２＋６Ｈ２Ｏ
This urea SCR system uses urea as a reducing agent, and immediately before the exhaust gas from the engine enters the SCR catalytic converter, the urea aqueous solution is injected with compressed air and mixed with the exhaust gas. In the SCR catalytic converter, according to the following reaction, NOx in the exhaust gas and ammonia generated by decomposition of urea decompose NOx into water and harmless nitrogen.
(NH 2 ) 2 CO + H 2 O → 2NH 3 + CO 2
4NH 3 + 4NO + O 2 → 4N 2 + 6H 2 O
4NH 3 + 2NO 2 + O 2 → 3N 2 + 6H 2 O
従来、尿素は、アンモニアと二酸化炭素とを高温高圧条件下で反応させることにより製造され、製造された尿素は粒状（固形尿素）として出荷される。 Conventionally, urea is produced by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the produced urea is shipped as granular (solid urea).
工業的に製造された尿素には、その反応工程において、各種の不純物が混入する。製品としての尿素に混入する各種の不純物のうち、特に油分は、医薬品や化粧品等の用途においても問題となることは勿論であるが、前述のＳＣＲシステムの排ガス脱硝用尿素水としての用途において、尿素水溶液噴射ノズルやフィルターの閉塞を引き起こす原因となり得るため、これを予め除去することが望まれる。 Various impurities are mixed in industrially produced urea in the reaction process. Of various impurities mixed in urea as a product, oil is a problem in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other uses. Of course, in the use as urea water for exhaust gas denitration in the SCR system, Since it may cause the blockage of the urea aqueous solution injection nozzle and the filter, it is desired to remove this in advance.
一般に、固形物中の油分の除去方法としては、有機溶媒を用いる抽出除去法が考えられるが、この方法では操作が煩雑である上に、大量の有機溶媒を必要とし、処理コスト、作業環境、廃液の処理等の面で好ましくない。
工業的に大量に使用される尿素からの油分の除去には、有機溶媒を用いることなく、簡易な操作で確実に油分を除去することが望まれるが、従来において、そのような方法は提案されていない。
In general, as a method for removing oil in solids, an extraction removal method using an organic solvent can be considered, but this method is complicated in operation and requires a large amount of organic solvent. It is not preferable in terms of waste liquid processing.
In order to remove oil from urea, which is used industrially in large quantities, it is desired to remove the oil reliably by a simple operation without using an organic solvent, but such a method has been proposed in the past. Not.
本発明は上記従来の実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、油分含有固形尿素中の油分を有機溶媒を用いることなく、簡易な操作で、安価にしかも確実に除去する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and provides a method for removing oil in an oil-containing solid urea inexpensively and reliably by a simple operation without using an organic solvent. Objective.
本発明はまた、この方法で油分含有固形尿素中の油分を除去して得られた排ガス脱硝用尿素水を提供することを目的とする。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a urea water for exhaust gas denitration obtained by removing oil in the oil-containing solid urea by this method.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、油分含有固形尿素をカルシウムの存在下に水溶液とすると、油分含有固形尿素中の油分とカルシウムとの反応でエマルジョンとなり、このエマルジョンを濾過することにより、油分をカルシウムとの反応生成物として容易に分離することができることを見出した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention have made an oil-containing solid urea into an aqueous solution in the presence of calcium. It has been found that the oil can be easily separated as a reaction product with calcium by filtration.
本発明はこのような知見をもとに達成されたものであり、以下を要旨とする。 The present invention has been achieved based on such knowledge, and the gist thereof is as follows.
［１］ 油分含有固形尿素中の油分を除去する方法において、該油分含有固形尿素をカルシウムが共存する水溶液として、該油分含有固形尿素中の油分とカルシウムとを反応させてエマルジョンとした後、該エマルジョンを濾過することを特徴とする油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法。 [1] In the method of removing oil from the oil-containing solid urea, the oil-containing solid urea is converted into an aqueous solution in which calcium coexists, and the oil and calcium in the oil-containing solid urea are reacted to form an emulsion. A method for removing oil in solid urea containing oil, which comprises filtering the emulsion.
［２］ ［１］において、前記油分含有固形尿素と水溶性カルシウム化合物を水と混合することにより、前記油分とカルシウムとを反応させてエマルジョンとすることを特徴とする油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法。 [2] The oil content in the oil-containing solid urea according to [1], wherein the oil-containing solid urea and the water-soluble calcium compound are mixed with water to react the oil and calcium to form an emulsion. Removal method.
［３］ ［２］において、前記水溶性カルシウム化合物が、臭化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、チオシアン酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム、及びリン酸二水素カルシウムよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種類以上であることを特徴とする油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法。 [3] In [2], the water-soluble calcium compound is calcium bromide, calcium carbonate, calcium thiocyanate, calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium iodide, calcium nitrate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate. A method for removing an oil content in an oil-containing solid urea, wherein the oil content is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium.
［４］ ［１］〜［３］のいずれかにおいて、前記水溶液中に共存するカルシウム量が、前記油分含有固形尿素中の油分との理論反応当量以上であることを特徴とする油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法。 [4] The oil-containing solid urea according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the amount of calcium coexisting in the aqueous solution is equal to or greater than a theoretical reaction equivalent with the oil in the oil-containing solid urea. Oil removal method inside.
［５］ ［１］〜［４］のいずれかにおいて、前記エマルジョンを、目開き５μｍ以下の濾材を用いて濾過することを特徴とする油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法。 [5] In any one of [1] to [4], the emulsion is filtered using a filter medium having an opening of 5 μm or less.
［６］ ［１］〜［５］のいずれかの方法で油分含有固形尿素中の油分を除去して得られた尿素の水溶液よりなる排ガス脱硝用尿素水。 [6] A urea water for exhaust gas denitration comprising an aqueous solution of urea obtained by removing the oil in the oil-containing solid urea by any one of the methods [1] to [5].
油分含有固形尿素中の油分はカルシウム共存下の水中において、カルシウムと反応してカルシウム化合物となり、エマルジョン化する。このエマルジョンは、油分とカルシウムとの反応生成物が、ミセルのような凝集体を形成して水中に分散したものであるため、このエマルジョンを濾過することにより、油分を効率的に分離除去することができる。 The oil in the oil-containing solid urea reacts with calcium in water in the presence of calcium to become a calcium compound, which is emulsified. In this emulsion, the reaction product of oil and calcium forms a micelle-like aggregate and is dispersed in water, so the oil can be separated and removed efficiently by filtering this emulsion. Can do.
本発明によれば、例えば、油分含有固形尿素と水溶性カルシウム化合物とを水と混合してエマルジョンを形成させ、これを濾過するという極めて簡易な操作で、油分含有固形尿素中の油分を安価にかつ確実に分離除去することができる。 According to the present invention, for example, an oil content in solid oil-containing urea can be reduced by an extremely simple operation of mixing an oil-containing solid urea and a water-soluble calcium compound with water to form an emulsion and filtering the emulsion. And it can be separated and removed reliably.
この方法でエマルジョンを濾過して得られる濾液は、これをそのまま尿素ＳＣＲシステムの排ガス脱硝用尿素水として用いることができる。 The filtrate obtained by filtering the emulsion by this method can be used as it is as the urea water for exhaust gas denitration of the urea SCR system.
以下に本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明の油分含有固形尿素中の油分除去方法で処理対象とする油分含有固形尿素は、油分を含有するものであり、この油分の由来は多岐にわたるが、例えば、製造工程におけるコンプレッサーからのオイルの混入或いは製造後の保管ないし輸送、その他取り扱い時の汚染によるものなどが挙げられる。 The oil-containing solid urea to be treated by the method for removing oil in the oil-containing solid urea of the present invention contains oil, and the origin of this oil is diverse, but for example, the oil from the compressor in the production process Examples include contamination, storage or transportation after production, and other contamination during handling.
本発明で処理する油分含有固形尿素中の油分の含有量については特に制限はなく、本発明によれば、どのような油分含有量の油分含有固形尿素でも処理可能であるが、通常、油分含有固形尿素を４０重量％水溶液とした場合の当該水溶液中の油分濃度で１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下、例えば０．１〜１００ｍｇ／Ｌ程度の油分含有固形尿素が挙げられる。
本発明によれば、このような油分含有固形尿素を処理して、後述のエマルジョンの濾過に使用する濾材の濾過性能にもよるが、当該水溶液中の油分濃度が０ｍｇ／Ｌ（実質的に油分不含有）となるように油分を除去することもできる。
The oil content in the oil-containing solid urea to be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited, and according to the present invention, any oil-containing solid urea can be treated, but usually contains oil. An oil-containing solid urea having a concentration of oil in the aqueous solution of 1000 mg / L or less, for example, about 0.1 to 100 mg / L when solid urea is used as a 40 wt% aqueous solution.
According to the present invention, such an oil-containing solid urea is treated and the oil concentration in the aqueous solution is 0 mg / L (substantially oil content), depending on the filtration performance of the filter medium used for filtration of the emulsion described later. It is also possible to remove the oil so that it does not contain.
油分含有固形尿素は、例えば水溶性カルシウム化合物と共に水と混合することによりエマルジョン化する。ここで、用いる水溶性カルシウム化合物としては特に制限はないが、臭化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、チオシアン酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、ヨウ化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム、リン酸二水素カルシウム等を用いることができる。これらの水溶性カルシウム化合物は１種を単独で用いても良く、２種以上を混合して用いても良い。
これらのうち、油分との反応で、尿素の原料である炭酸が生成し、また、生成した炭酸は容易に除去可能であることから、炭酸カルシウムを用いるのが好ましい。
The oil-containing solid urea is emulsified by, for example, mixing with water together with a water-soluble calcium compound. Here, the water-soluble calcium compound to be used is not particularly limited, but calcium bromide, calcium carbonate, calcium thiocyanate, calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium iodide, calcium nitrate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate Calcium or the like can be used. These water-soluble calcium compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Of these, it is preferable to use calcium carbonate because carbonic acid, which is a raw material of urea, is generated by reaction with the oil, and the generated carbonic acid can be easily removed.
油分含有固形尿素の水溶液を調製する際の水溶液中の尿素濃度は特に制限はないが、過度に低いと処理効率が悪く、過度に高いと尿素が溶解しないことから、油分含有固形尿素濃度として２０〜５０重量％程度とすることが好ましい。なお、油分含有固形尿素の水への溶解は吸熱反応であるため、油分含有固形尿素を水に混合するに当っては、必要に応じて混合系を加温する。この加温の程度は特に制限はないが、過度に低いと加温効果が十分でなく、過度に高いと尿素が分解する恐れがあるため、尿素水溶液を調製する容器を例えば５０〜６０℃程度の温水浴中に浸し、尿素水溶液を２０〜３０℃程度に保つことが好ましい。 The urea concentration in the aqueous solution at the time of preparing the aqueous solution of oil-containing solid urea is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the treatment efficiency is poor, and if it is too high, urea does not dissolve, so the oil-containing solid urea concentration is 20 It is preferable to be about ˜50% by weight. Since dissolution of oil-containing solid urea in water is an endothermic reaction, when mixing oil-containing solid urea with water, the mixing system is heated as necessary. The degree of heating is not particularly limited, but if it is too low, the heating effect is not sufficient, and if it is too high, urea may be decomposed, so a container for preparing a urea aqueous solution is, for example, about 50 to 60 ° C. It is preferable to immerse in a warm water bath and keep the urea aqueous solution at about 20-30 ° C.
前述の水溶性カルシウム化合物の添加量は、系内の油分含有固形尿素中の油分との反応当量以上のカルシウムが存在するような量であることが好ましく、例えば、反応当量の１〜２倍、好ましくは１〜１．２倍程度用いることが好ましい。水溶性カルシウム化合物の添加量が少な過ぎると油分含有固形尿素中の油分を十分にエマルジョン化することができず、多過ぎると過剰のカルシウム分が不純物となる恐れがある。 The amount of the water-soluble calcium compound added is preferably such an amount that there is more calcium than the reaction equivalent of the oil in the oil-containing solid urea in the system, for example, 1 to 2 times the reaction equivalent, It is preferable to use about 1 to 1.2 times. If the amount of the water-soluble calcium compound added is too small, the oil content in the oil-containing solid urea cannot be sufficiently emulsified, and if it is too large, the excess calcium content may become an impurity.
油分含有固形尿素中の油分濃度及びその反応当量は、例えば、予め少量の油分含有固形尿素について、クロロホルム又はｎ−ヘキサン等の有機溶媒を用いた抽出による分析を行って、油分含有固形尿素の油分含有量を測定し、また、抽出した油分について、カルシウム化合物との反応当量を測定する予備実験を行うことにより求めることができる。 The oil concentration in the oil-containing solid urea and the reaction equivalent thereof are obtained, for example, by conducting an analysis by extraction with a small amount of oil-containing solid urea in advance using an organic solvent such as chloroform or n-hexane. The content can be measured, and the extracted oil can be determined by conducting a preliminary experiment for measuring the reaction equivalent with the calcium compound.
油分含有固形尿素水溶液はカルシウムの存在下に適度に攪拌することにより、エマルジョン化し、白濁した液となる。本発明ではこのエマルジョンを濾過する。 The oil-containing solid urea aqueous solution is emulsified and becomes a cloudy solution by appropriate stirring in the presence of calcium. In the present invention, this emulsion is filtered.
なお、このエマルジョンを形成させる手順には特に制限はなく、水溶性カルシウム化合物の所定量を添加した水溶液中に油分含有固形尿素を混合しても良く、油分含有固形尿素を添加した水溶液中に水溶性カルシウム化合物の所定量を添加混合しても良く、また、水溶性カルシウム化合物と油分含有固形尿素と水とを同時に混合しても良い。場合によっては、油分含有固形尿素に水溶性カルシウム化合物を添加混合して油分との反応を進め、これに水を加えて水溶液とするのも大変効果的である。 The procedure for forming this emulsion is not particularly limited, and oil-containing solid urea may be mixed in an aqueous solution to which a predetermined amount of a water-soluble calcium compound has been added, or water-soluble in an aqueous solution to which oil-containing solid urea has been added. A predetermined amount of the water-soluble calcium compound may be added and mixed, or the water-soluble calcium compound, the oil-containing solid urea, and water may be mixed simultaneously. In some cases, it is also very effective to add a water-soluble calcium compound to the oil-containing solid urea and advance the reaction with the oil, and then add water to form an aqueous solution.
生成したエマルジョンの濾過に用いる濾材の目開きは、油分の除去効率に影響し、この目開きが大き過ぎると油分を十分に除去し得ない。ただし、濾材の目開きが過度に小さいと濾過による濾材の目詰りが激しく、安定した処理を継続し得ないため、エマルジョン中に形成された油分の凝集体の大きさに応じて適当な目開きの濾材を選択使用することが重要である。 The opening of the filter medium used for filtering the produced emulsion affects the oil removal efficiency. If the opening is too large, the oil cannot be removed sufficiently. However, if the opening of the filter medium is excessively small, the filter medium will be clogged severely and stable treatment cannot be continued. Therefore, an appropriate opening is required depending on the size of the oil aggregates formed in the emulsion. It is important to select and use a filter medium.
このエマルジョンの調製時の攪拌の程度や油分含有固形尿素中の油分量等にもよるが、通常の場合、形成されたエマルジョン中の油分の凝集体は１０μｍより小さい目開きの濾材、例えば５μｍ以下、好ましくは３μｍ以下の濾材を用いることにより高度に除去することができることから、要求される油分除去の程度と、濾過効率とを考慮して、０．４５〜５μｍ程度の目開きの濾材を用いることが好ましい。 Depending on the degree of stirring during the preparation of the emulsion and the amount of oil in the oil-containing solid urea, the aggregate of oil in the formed emulsion is usually a filter medium having an opening smaller than 10 μm, for example, 5 μm or less. Since it can be removed to a high degree by using a filter medium of preferably 3 μm or less, a filter medium having an opening of about 0.45 to 5 μm is used in consideration of the required degree of oil removal and filtration efficiency. It is preferable.
エマルジョンを濾過して油分をカルシウム化合物として除去することにより、無色透明な尿素水溶液が得られるため、これをそのまま或いは必要に応じて再結晶させて粉末化することにより使用に供する。 By filtering the emulsion and removing the oil as a calcium compound, a colorless and transparent urea aqueous solution can be obtained. This is used as it is or by recrystallizing it as necessary to make a powder.
特に、尿素排ガス脱硝用尿素水としての用途においては、上記エマルジョンの濾過で得られた濾液をそのまま適用することができる。
従って、この場合には、油分含有固形尿素を水に溶解させるに当たり、排ガス脱硝用尿素水として有効な尿素濃度、例えば２０〜５０重量％の尿素濃度となるように水に溶解させ、エマルジョン化して濾過し、得られた濾液を排ガス脱硝用尿素水とすれば良い。
In particular, in the use as urea water for urea exhaust gas denitration, the filtrate obtained by filtration of the emulsion can be applied as it is.
Therefore, in this case, when the oil-containing solid urea is dissolved in water, it is dissolved in water so as to have a urea concentration effective as a urea water for exhaust gas denitration, for example, a urea concentration of 20 to 50% by weight, and emulsified. Filtration and the filtrate obtained may be used as urea water for exhaust gas denitration.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、以下の実施例及び比較例において、処理対象とした油分含有固形尿素は、これを４０重量％濃度となるように水に溶解させたときの水溶液中の油分濃度が２２ｍｇ／Ｌとなるものである。この油分含有固形尿素については予め予備実験を行って、油分のカルシウム反応当量を求めた。
また、液中の油分濃度は堀場製作所社製油分濃度計（ＯＣＭＡ−３０５）を使用して測定した。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the oil-containing solid urea to be treated has an oil concentration of 22 mg / L in an aqueous solution when dissolved in water so as to have a concentration of 40% by weight. It is. For this oil-containing solid urea, preliminary experiments were conducted in advance to determine the calcium reaction equivalent of the oil.
The oil concentration in the liquid was measured using an oil concentration meter (OCMA-305) manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
［実施例１〜４］
ビーカーに入れた水に、油分含有固形尿素を４０重量％濃度となるように溶解させると共に、水溶性カルシウム化合物として炭酸カルシウムを油分含有固形尿素中の油分の反応当量の１．１倍添加してマグネチックスタラーで攪拌してエマルジョン化させた。なお、ビーカーは５５℃の温水浴中に浸し、ビーカー内の水温が２０〜３０℃となるように保持した。
このエマルジョンを下記仕様のガラス製吸引濾過装置と減圧用フィルターを用いて吸引濾過し、得られた濾液の油分濃度を測定し、結果を表１に示した。
＜濾過装置及びフィルターの仕様＞
・フィルターサイズ＝φ４７ｍｍを使用したガラス製吸引濾過装置
・フィルター材質：セルロース混合エステルタイプメンブレンフィルター（東洋濾紙株式
会社製）
・フィルター孔径：１０μｍ、５μｍ、３μｍ、又は０．４５μｍ
[Examples 1 to 4]
The oil-containing solid urea is dissolved in water in a beaker to a concentration of 40% by weight, and calcium carbonate as a water-soluble calcium compound is added 1.1 times the reaction equivalent of the oil in the oil-containing solid urea. The emulsion was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The beaker was immersed in a hot water bath at 55 ° C. and kept at a water temperature of 20-30 ° C. in the beaker.
The emulsion was subjected to suction filtration using a glass suction filtration device and a vacuum filter having the following specifications, and the oil concentration of the obtained filtrate was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
<Specifications of filtration device and filter>
・ Filtering device made of glass using filter size = φ47mm ・ Filter material: Cellulose mixed ester type membrane filter (Toyo Roshi Co., Ltd.)
Company-made)
Filter pore size: 10 μm, 5 μm, 3 μm, or 0.45 μm
［比較例１〜４］
実施例１〜４において、炭酸カルシウムを添加しなかったこと以外は同様に処理を行い、同様に濾液の油分濃度を測定し、結果を表１に示した。
なお、炭酸カルシウムを添加しなかった比較例１〜４では、エマルジョン化は起こらなかった。
[Comparative Examples 1-4]
In Examples 1 to 4, the same treatment was carried out except that calcium carbonate was not added, the oil concentration of the filtrate was measured in the same manner, and the results are shown in Table 1.
In Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which calcium carbonate was not added, emulsification did not occur.
表１から明らかなように、油分含有固形尿素の水溶液に炭酸カルシウムを添加してエマルジョン化し、これを適当な孔径のフィルターで濾過することにより、油分を高度に除去することができ、特にフィルターの孔径を選定することで油分をほぼ完全に除去することもできる。なお、実施例１は、フィルターの孔径が大き過ぎるためにエマルジョンに含まれる油分の凝集体の多くがフィルターの孔から通り抜けてしまったものであり、この結果からフィルターの孔径として、エマルジョン中の油分の凝集体の大きさよりも小さいものを用いることが重要であることが分かる。 As can be seen from Table 1, by adding calcium carbonate to an aqueous solution of oil-containing solid urea and emulsifying it, and filtering this with a filter having an appropriate pore size, the oil can be removed to a high degree. By selecting the pore size, the oil can be removed almost completely. In Example 1, since the pore size of the filter is too large, most of the aggregates of oil contained in the emulsion have passed through the pores of the filter. It can be seen that it is important to use one smaller than the size of the aggregate.
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| JP2010280596A (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-16 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | Method for producing high-purity urea water |
| JP2010280595A (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-12-16 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | Method for producing high-purity urea |
| US8765030B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2014-07-01 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Preparation of an enteric release system |
| US8859005B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2014-10-14 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Enteric delivery of functional ingredients suitable for hot comestible applications |
| US8859003B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2014-10-14 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Preparation of an enteric release system |
| US9968564B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2018-05-15 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | Delivery of functional compounds |
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