JP2007530120A - 脊椎円板髄核置換用多孔質インプラント - Google Patents
脊椎円板髄核置換用多孔質インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007530120A JP2007530120A JP2007504484A JP2007504484A JP2007530120A JP 2007530120 A JP2007530120 A JP 2007530120A JP 2007504484 A JP2007504484 A JP 2007504484A JP 2007504484 A JP2007504484 A JP 2007504484A JP 2007530120 A JP2007530120 A JP 2007530120A
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- filling elements
- implant
- fibers
- porous component
- filling
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- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0036—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00329—Glasses, e.g. bioglass
Abstract
Description
多孔質コンポーネントは、袋又は他の形態の容器であるのがよい。多孔質コンポーネントは、1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の挿入を可能にする開口部を備えるのがよい。好ましくは、開口部は、例えば、折り畳み、縫い付け、縫合、膠着、ステープル止め等のうち1つ又は2つ以上により閉鎖可能である。
・衝撃吸収−脊椎が脊椎に軸方向に加重したとき(ジャンプや走りのような活動中)圧縮したりリバウンドできるだけでなく、長時間座っていたり立ったりしている間、頭や胴に加える重力の下向きの引っ張りに抵抗できる。
・弾性(椎間板の弾性)−動作の結合を可能にし、セグメントが特定の活動中、同時に撓み、回転し、そして側方に曲がることができるようにする。これは、各脊椎セグメントが単一の運動軸線にロックされている場合には不可能である。
終板は、ヒアリン軟骨で形成されている。これは、基本的に、「膠原原線維により補強された水和プロテオグリカンゲル」であり、これについては、ゴーシュ(Ghosh)著,「ザ・バイオロジー・オブ・ザ・インターバーブラル・ディスク(The Biology of the Interverbral Disc)」,ISBN 084936711523,CRC・プレス( Press)を参照されたい。上述したように、輪と終板との間の境界は、明確なものではなく、顕微鏡下では、2つの部分は、一方の組織でもなく他方の組織でもない領域との境目が無い。
輪は、椎間板の外側リング、即ち、膠原原線維の互いに反対側の層で作られた強固な積層構造体である。輪は、代表的には、約12個の単層から成り、6個は、各線維移動方向に位置する。これら層は、1つ置きの層について約30°の角度状態にあり、残りの層について逆方向に30°の角度状態にある。輪が行う機能は、この種の構造の必要性を定める。たとえ椎骨がどの方向に動いても、常に、引っ張りの際に幾つかの線維があり、圧縮において幾つかの線維がある。かくして、輪は、常時、何本かの線維を用いて引っ張り(これらは弾性バンドのような引っ張りに抵抗する)、脊柱を正しい姿勢に引っ張る作用を行っている。
annulus fibrosis)」,スパイン(Spine )18,1993年,pp204−210を参照されたい。輪は、椎間板の最も強固な部分である。
椎間板の中央に位置する髄核は、プロテオグリカンの高水和化のゲルである。子供及び10代後半の青少年では、含水量は、その体重の最高80%を占める場合がある(ゴーシュ参照)。このゲル物質は、引き裂くことができるほど密度の高い非常に濃厚な流体である。これは、直接的な荷重支持と性質が流体であることにより、加重下で形状を変化させて荷重を輪に分散させる二重の目的を果たしている。髄核は、FSU(functional spinal unit:機能脊椎ユニット)の荷重の半分を支えることができるに過ぎず、輪は、残りを支持する−フィネソン(Finneson)著,「ロー・バック・ペイン(Low back pain)」,ISBN0−397−50493−4,1992年を参照されたい。椎間板が髄核の損傷後であっても引き続き働くことができるのはこの加重の共有である。椎間板の変性及び(又は)ヘルニア及び(又は)損傷は、患者の寿命の間に生じる場合がある。
変性又はヘルニア或いは疾患又は損傷の兆候を示している椎間板が有痛性になった場合、外科医は、手術を行う場合が多い。行われる場合のある治療は次の通りである。
1.部分椎間板切除術−ヘルニア形成部位への局所輪状物質の除去
2.部分髄核摘出術−ヘルニア形成部位に近い局所髄核物質の除去
3.椎間板切除術及び固定術−椎間板全体を除去し、椎間腔の固定、重篤なケースの場合に利用される。
4.他の治療、例えば椎間板置換又は髄核置換−これらは、固定の代替手段として用いられる新たな新しい治療である。
・インプラントを挿入することにより失われた又は除去した髄核物質を置き換えて残存している髄核物質のそばに均等な髄核物質を設けるための髄核摘出術。
・インプラントを輪代用品と関連して挿入することにより機能的な髄核を再建する人工椎間板置換術。
・インプラントを挿入することにより機能的な髄核を再建する人工髄核置換術。
Claims (30)
- 脊椎インプラントであって、多孔質コンポーネント及び前記多孔質コンポーネント内に設けられた1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を有する、インプラント。
- 前記インプラントは、部分髄核代用物又は全髄核代用物である、請求項1記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質コンポーネントは、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の挿入を可能にする開口部を備えた袋又は他の形態の容器である、請求項1又は2記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質容器は、布、特に織布で作られている、請求項1〜3のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質コンポーネントの細孔は、前記充填要素の最も小さな断面寸法よりも小さい少なくとも1つの断面寸法を有する、請求項1〜4のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質コンポーネントは、組織成長、特に、前記多孔質コンポーネントを通ると共に(或いは)前記多孔質コンポーネントと前記充填要素のうち1つ又は2つ以上との間及び(又は)前記充填要素のうち2つ又は3つ以上相互間の組織内方成長を促進するようになった1つ又は2つ以上の材料で構成されると共に(或いは)形成されると共に(或いは)前記1つ又は2つ以上の材料を備えている、請求項1〜5のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記多孔質コンポーネントに用いられる前記1つ又は2つ以上の材料は、生体吸収性である、請求項1〜6のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記生体吸収性材料は、前記多孔質コンポーネントの存在量及び(又は)前記多孔質コンポーネントの存在位置及び(又は)前記多孔質コンポーネントが経時的に存在する密度を減少させるために用いられる、請求項1〜7のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記生体吸収性材料は、前記多孔質コンポーネントを第1の状態で制限し、前記材料の生体吸収性は、前記多孔質コンポーネントが第2の状態をとることができるようにする、請求項1〜8のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、ファイバ状である、請求項1〜9のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 多孔質であると共に(或いは)それ自体の中にかつ(或いは)前記充填要素の部分相互間にボイドを形成する前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素が設けられる、請求項1〜10のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、非拘束状態のファイバ及び(又は)非編組状態のファイバ及び(又は)絡み合った状態のファイバで形成されている、請求項1〜11のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、整列状態のファイバを備えている、請求項1〜12のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、例えば波形且つ(或いは)湾曲した且つ(或いは)ジグザグのファイバを備えている、請求項1〜13のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 互いにそれぞれを間隔保持させるよう働くファイバを含む前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素が設けられる、請求項1〜14のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 2つ又は3つ以上の互いに異なる断面のファイバを含む前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素が設けられる、請求項1〜15のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 第1の方向に設けられたファイバ及び1本又は2本以上の拘束ファイバ又は複数本のファイバを包囲すると共に(或いは)封入すると共に(或いは)前記複数本のファイバに巻き付けられると共に(或いは)前記複数本のファイバに接触する材料を含む前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素が設けられている、請求項1〜16のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、前記充填要素の周りに設けられた周辺ファイバ又は材料を備え、前記周辺ファイバ又は材料は、螺旋状態で且つ(或いは)十字形に前記充填要素に巻き付けられている、請求項1〜17のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、これらの中に設けられた小片を備え、前記小片は、前記1本又は2本以上のファイバと混在している、請求項1〜18のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記小片は、球、ビーズ、ブロック等である、請求項1〜19のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記充填要素中及び(又は)前記充填要素相互間に存在する細孔及び(又は)ボイド及び(又は)孔及び(又は)隙間は、前記充填材料の構成材料の製造の仕方に起因しており、或いは、別の細孔及び(又は)ボイド及び(又は)孔及び(又は)隙間が補充されている、請求項1〜20のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素は、組織成長、特に、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を通ると共に(或いは)前記多孔質コンポーネントと前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素との間及び(又は)前記充填要素のうち2つ又は3つ以上相互間の組織内方成長を促進するようになった1つ又は2つ以上の材料で構成されると共に(或いは)形成されている、請求項1〜21のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記充填要素のうち1つ又は2つ以上に用いられる1つ又は2つ以上の材料は、生体吸収性であり、該生体吸収性材料は、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の存在量及び(又は)前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の存在位置及び(又は)前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素が経時的に存在する密度を減少させるために用いられる、請求項1〜22のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 前記生体吸収性材料は、前記充填要素のうち1つ又は2つ以上或いはその一部を第1の状態に拘束し、前記材料の生体吸収性は、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素或いはその一部が第2の状態をとることができるようにし、前記第2の状態は、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の内容積を増大させると共に(或いは)前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の多孔度を増大させると共に(或いは)前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素の質量を減少させると共に(或いは)組織内方成長のためのスペースを広くする、請求項1〜23のうちいずれか一に記載のインプラント。
- 脊椎円板の少なくとも一部を除去し、多孔質コンポーネント及び前記多孔質コンポーネント内に設けられた1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を有するインプラントを用意する、手術方法。
- 前記多孔質コンポーネントを髄核物質を除去するために用いたのと同一の切開部に挿入し、前記切開部は、前記髄核物質除去段階に必要なほど大きいものであるに過ぎず、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を前記髄核物質の除去に用いられた前記切開部を通って設け、前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を導入するために用いられた前記切開部は、前記髄核物質の除去に必要な前記切開部よりも大きくはない、請求項25記載の方法。
- 前記1つ又は2つ以上の充填要素を前記多孔質コンポーネント内に導入し、前記多孔質コンポーネントは、椎間板腔内に既に設けられている、請求項25又は26記載の方法。
- 前記インプラントが非生物学的機構によって生まれつき存在する椎間板の1つ又は2つ以上の特性をもたらす第1の時点と、前記インプラントが、非生物学的機構と生物学的機構の組み合わせによって生まれつき存在する椎間板の1つ又は2つ以上の特性をもたらす第2の時点とを含む、請求項25〜27のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、生まれつき存在する椎間板の前記1つ又は2つ以上の特性の実質的に全てが生物学的機構により提供される第3の時点を含む、請求項28記載の方法。
- 前記第1の時点における前記機構から前記第2の時点及び(又は)前記第3の時点における機構への移行は、前記インプラントを形成する材料、特に、前記インプラントの前記1種類又は2種類の充填要素を形成する材料のうちの1つ又は2つ以上の生体吸収性に起因している、請求項28又は29記載の方法。
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GB0407717A GB0407717D0 (en) | 2004-04-05 | 2004-04-05 | Improvements in and relating to implants |
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JP2007504484A Pending JP2007530120A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-03-24 | 脊椎円板髄核置換用多孔質インプラント |
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EP (1) | EP1734907B1 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005092248A1 (ja) |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2005225208B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
US20080306595A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
AU2005225208A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1734907A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
WO2005092248A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
ATE520372T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
EP1734907B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
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