JP2007518144A - 多人数参加型で対話式の進化論的計算手法優先権主張 - Google Patents
多人数参加型で対話式の進化論的計算手法優先権主張 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
関連出願への引用
本開示の方法及びシステムは、一般に、進化論的計算手法に関し、より詳細には、対話式の進化論的計算手法に関する。
(2)背景技術
発明の概要
, …,
を互いに無関係に取り出す。これらの数の大きさをまず
に従って、次に全ての数が0と1との間になるように
に従って設定し直す。無作為の区域の境界線は、i=1乃至kとした複素数
で表される点である。
。最大区域(最大領域)
を識別し、2つ区域A’及びA”に分割する。すなわち、
である。
及び
となり、これら式で、
は、平均値が0で分散が1の正規分布N(0,1)に従って得られる独立確率変数である。次に、この領域は、2つの点c1及びc2により画定される線に沿って2個の下位区域に分割できる。
はc1から中心までの距離を表し、rを距離単位とする。
は中心から離れる角度で、
は分割線の傾きである。図2は、領域を4つの区域に再分割する一連の3回の再帰的カットを示す。この生成的手順は、地区間の釣り合いを保証しないことに注目されたい。従って、サーチエンジンが、空間を公平に区割りする解を発見する。
という形をとる。ここでjiは再帰的カット技法のi番目のステップにおける、更に再分割される最大の区域であり、他のパラメータは
に対応し、2つの下位区域への分割を画定する。これらm個の染色体はm個の区域を直接的に表すのではなく、再帰的カット技法のm個の連続ステップを表すことは理解できるはずである。これら区域のこの配置を突然変異させるには、1とmとの間の数iを選択して、3個のパラメータ
全てに一様乱雑音U(-0.1,+0.1)を適用する。図3は突然変異が区割りに及ぼす影響を示す。
であり、i=1乃至m-1であり、mは郵便配達人の数である。同様に、Yは、(m-1)個の4項目からなるYiという集合として表すことができ、ここでi=1乃至m-1である。2つの区割りXとYとの一様に無作為な一点交差は、
における一様分布から取った乱数kにより定義され、もしi<kであればZi
= Xiで、もし
であればZi = Yiによって与えられる区割りZを生成する。図4は交差の一例を示す。
の表面積を考慮するため、効率費用関数Ceを計算する。
であり、この式においてλ=0.9である。この採点法によれば、郵便配達人を正の得点を獲得する(10%までの向上)地区に割り当てた方がよい(低コスト)。このモデルでは、効率性の重みにより、郵便配達人に割り当てられた地区の大きさの重要度が調節されることを想定している。i=1乃至mでA=1乃至mとして、もし
が区域Aに割り当てられた郵便配達人iの効率費用だとすれば、区域
を各郵便配達人iに割り当てる各置換に関し、
の総効率費用は、
により与えられる。効率の観点から見た最良の区域割り振りは、
である。
(
は割り振り
に関する配達人の平均効率費用)を減少させるため、
を
に修正する。なお、
である。従って、区域割り振り
が不均一であれば、
は増幅される。
は、同時に丘に登る競争者における解を評価するのに用いる費用関数である。その
が低くなれば解は向上する。
を用いて実行された最適化からのn個(例えば、n=6)の最良解をここで郵便配達人に提示できる。すると配達人は自分たちに割り当てられた区域のみに基づいて(例えば、郵便配達人は他の配達人に割り当てられた区間を全く知らないか、且つ/或いはそれに関する知識を自分自身の区域の順位付けに利用してもよい)これら別々の解に不満足数を割り当てる。一実施形態では、各配達人はこれら6つの区割りそれぞれの中で1つの区域を割り当てられる。解は、空間をm個の区域に区割りし
、郵便配達人をそれら区域に割り当てる個体
である。全ての配達人には、最大選好得点MAXpと最小選好得点MINpがある。MAXpは全ての正の選好重みwpを合計して得られ、MINpは全ての負の選好重みwpを合計して得られる。所与の区域Aには-1(非常に悪い)と+1(非常に良い)との間の正規化選好得点Spを割り当てることができる。すなわち、
の表面積aを考慮するため、選好費用関数Ce(或いは不満足)を計算できる。
であり、この式においてλ=0.9である。従って、配達人それぞれは、自分に提示されたn個の区域のそれぞれに個人的な不満足を計算できる。Ceに基づいて、それぞれの配達人はn個の解に順位を付けることができる。もしR(i,k)が解kに関する配達人iの順位であれば、解kの費用Cp(k)は、順位を三乗したものの合計、すなわち
である。三乗指数は、配達人に高い選好費用をもたらした解へのいわば「懲らしめ」ためであり、選好の釣り合いを取る暗黙の意図がある。
Claims (24)
- 第1解集合を得るため最適化方式を実行する段階と、
少なくとも2人のユーザに前記第1解集合を提示する段階と、
前記少なくとも2人のユーザから前記第1解集合の順位を受け取る段階と、
前記順位を集約する段階と、
前記集約した順位に基づいて第2解集合を生成する段階とを含む、方法。 - 前記最適化方式が遺伝的アルゴリズムを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記最適化方式が、少なくとも1つの終了基準を用いて終了される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記最適化方式が、反復回数及び/又は適応度の度数のうち少なくとも一方を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記集約した順位に基づいて第2解集合を生成する前記段階が、第2最適化方式を用いて前記第2解集合を生成する段階を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記集約した順位に基づいて第2解集合を生成する前記段階が、遺伝的アルゴリズムを用いて前記第2解集合を生成する段階を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝的アルゴリズムが単一世代遺伝的アルゴリズムである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝的アルゴリズムが多世代遺伝的アルゴリズムである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2解集合を少なくとも1人のユーザに提示する段階と、
前記第2解集合の順位を前記少なくとも1人のユーザにから得る段階と、
前記第2解集合の前記順位に基づいて第3解集合を生成する段階とを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1人のユーザが前記少なくとも2人のユーザと異なる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1人のユーザが、前記少なくとも2人のユーザと少なくとも部分的に同じである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第2解集合の少なくとも2つの順位を集約する段階を更に含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第1解集合を提示する前記段階が、
各ユーザに関して、各ユーザに関わる前記第1解集合の少なくとも一部分を特定する段階と、
各ユーザに関わる前記第1解集合の前記少なくとも一部分を各ユーザに提示する段階とを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 各ユーザに関わる前記第1解集合の少なくとも一部分を特定する前記段階が、各ユーザの知識、各ユーザの関与、及び各ユーザの経験レベルのうち少なくとも何れかに基づいて特定する段階を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1解集合を提示する前記段階が、順次及び並行提示の少なくとも一方を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 順位を受け取る前記段階が、任意の時間内に順位を受け取る段階を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 任意の時間内に順位を受け取る前記段階が、
任意時間が経過したことを特定する段階と、
任意ユーザから受け取った以前の順位に基づいて順位を割り当てる段階とを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 順位を任意の時間内に受け取る前記段階が、
任意時間が経過したことを特定する段階と、
デフォルト順位に基づいて順位を割り当てる段階とを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記順位を集約する前記段階が、前記少なくとも2人のユーザに割り当てた重み付けに基づいて集約する段階を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1解集合を前記少なくとも2人のユーザに提示する前に、該集合の少なくとも一部を調整する段階を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 最適化方式の実行に反復して戻る前に、少なくとも1つの出口基準が満たされたかどうかを判断する段階を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 最適化方式の実行に反復して戻る前に、前記最適化方式の少なくとも一部を調節する段階を更に含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記最適化方式の少なくとも一部を調節する前記段階が、該最適化方式のパラメータを修正する段階を更に含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記最適化方式の少なくとも一部を調節する前記段階が、遺伝的アルゴリズムのパラメータを修正する段階を更に含む、請求22に記載の方法。
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