JP2007316284A - Developing roller, process cartridge for electrophotographic device and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a developing roller which imparts excellent negative electrifying property to toner so as to form a high-quality image, that is, a high-density, clear, little fogged and little ghost image, and which restrains the staining of a photoreceptor, has little resistance irregularity and is excellent durability, and a process cartridge for an electrophotographic device capable of forming an image having high image quality and made excellent in durability and an electrophotographic device. <P>SOLUTION: The developing roller having an elastic layer around a conductive shaft center body has a surface layer containing an amine-based compound having surfactant structure and binding resin. The amine-based compound has an amine valence ≥20 mgKOH/g and ≤140 mgKOH/g. Desirably, the amine-based compound contains any one or two or more amino bases selected from the amino base of phosphate, the amino base of carboxylate or the amino base of ether sulfonic acid. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a developing roller, a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus using the developing roller, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

  An electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile apparatus or the like is used. Examples of the electrophotographic apparatus include a rotatable photosensitive member, a charging unit that uniformly charges the photosensitive member around the photosensitive member, an exposure unit that forms an electrostatic image on the uniformly charged surface of the photosensitive member by exposure, and a photosensitive member. Developing means is provided for supplying a developer to the body and developing it to form a toner image. Furthermore, there are a transfer means for transferring the toner image on the photosensitive member onto the transfer material, a fixing means for fixing the toner on the transfer material, a cleaning means for removing the toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member after the toner transfer, and the like. Provided. As a developing means in an electrophotographic apparatus, a dry developing apparatus using a powdery developer is widely adopted. There are two-component developers that have toner and a carrier and one-component developers that do not contain a carrier as a powder developer, and there is no problem of carrier deterioration, and it is advantageous for miniaturization and weight reduction. One-component development systems using component developers have attracted attention.

  As a developing device using such a one-component developer, specifically, a developing roller is provided so as to close the opening of a developer container for storing the developer and to expose a part of the developer container outside. It is done. The developer is supplied onto the surface of the developing roller by an elastic roller provided in contact with the developing roller in the developer container. Next, the developer is formed into a thin film on the developing roller by removing the excess with a developing blade, and at the same time, a predetermined amount of positive or negative charge is given to the toner particles by rubbing. Further, the developer charged positively or negatively by the rotation of the developing roller is conveyed to the developing area of the exposed portion, where it is attached to an electrostatic image on the surface of the photoreceptor provided in contact with or close to the developing area for development. As such a developing roller, an elastic body is provided around the conductive shaft core body, and a resin layer is provided on the outer periphery as necessary for improving wear resistance, charging property, etc. .

  However, with the above one-component development method, when a developing roller is incorporated in a high-quality color printer and image formation is performed, ghosting is caused by uneven density, insufficient gradation, fog caused by the developer, and accumulation of charges. The phenomenon may occur.

  In order to further improve the image quality of electrophotography, improvements have been made focusing on positively charging a developing roller, a developing sleeve, a developing blade, and the like and charging toner negatively.

Specifically, a method of adding a quaternary ammonium base-containing copolymer to a molding material for a developing roller or a developing sleeve to impart a positive charge has been reported (Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, a method of adding a positive charge control resin to the outermost surface layer of the developing roller (Patent Document 3), a method of adding a polymer having an imidazolium salt as a structural unit to the development carrier, and the like have been reported (Patent Document). 4). Although these methods have improved the triboelectric chargeability of one-component toner, the polarity of the charge control agent is large, and there is a problem with the charge amount of the toner, and when the photoreceptor is contaminated due to leaching of the charge control agent. There is. Conventionally, azine-based nigrosine, nigrosine bases, nigrosine derivatives, benzomethyl-hexyldecylammonium chloride, etc., which are used as charge control agents for developing rollers, are used to obtain sufficient charge imparting properties due to their weak polarity. The amount becomes large. As the amount of use increases, the charge control agent tends to exude from the surface of the developing roller, and when the use waiting period is long, contamination of the photoconductor due to exudates at a fixed portion of the developing roller that has been in contact with the photoconductor for a long time. May occur and image unevenness may occur. Further, these charge control agents are insoluble or slightly soluble in a solvent and cannot be used for molding by coating. Furthermore, when the compatibility between the charge control agent and the resin containing the charge control agent is poor, delamination may occur in the developing roller having a multilayer structure, and durability may be reduced.
JP 2001-31136 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-192377 JP2005-31656 JP20043333356

  The object of the present invention is to impart excellent negative chargeability to the toner, enable high-quality image formation with high density and clearness and little fogging and ghosting, and also suppresses photoreceptor contamination, less resistance unevenness, and durability The object is to provide a developing roller having excellent properties. Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrophotographic apparatus which can form a high-quality image and have excellent durability.

  The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied the charge control agent to be contained in the developing roller. As a result, by using a developing roller having a surface layer in which a binder compound containing an amine compound having a specific amine value is contained in the binder resin, the density is high and the density is uneven and the gradation is insufficient. The knowledge that a suppressed image can be obtained was obtained. Furthermore, this amine compound can suppress the exudation from the binder resin, suppress the photoreceptor contamination, suppress the occurrence of fog and ghost phenomenon, suppress the delamination in the multilayer structure, and has an excellent durability. Obtained. Based on this knowledge, the present invention has been completed.

  That is, the present invention is a developing roller having an elastic layer around a conductive shaft core, and has a surface layer containing an amine compound having a surfactant structure and a binder resin, and the amine compound is 20 mgKOH / The present invention relates to a developing roller having an amine value of from g to 140 mgKOH / g.

  The present invention also includes a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of the photoreceptor carrying the electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image, and is detachable from the electrophotographic apparatus. The present invention relates to a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the developing roller is the developing roller.

  The present invention also provides an electrophotographic apparatus having a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of a photoreceptor carrying an electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus that is a roller.

  The developing roller of the present invention imparts excellent negative chargeability to the toner, enables high-quality image formation with high density and clearness with little fogging and ghosting, and suppresses contamination of the photoreceptor and reduces resistance unevenness. Excellent durability. In addition, the process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention can form a high-quality image and have excellent durability.

  The developing roller of the present invention is a developing roller having an elastic layer around a conductive shaft core, and has a surface layer containing an amine compound having a surfactant structure and a binder resin, and the amine compound is 20 mgKOH. It has an amine value of not less than / g and not more than 140 mgKOH / g.

  The conductive shaft core used in the developing roller of the present invention has a strength that supports the upper elastic layer and the surface layer and can transport the developer (toner) to the photoreceptor, and an electrode that can move the charged toner to the photoreceptor. As long as it has the conductivity which can become. Examples of the material include metals or alloys such as aluminum, stainless steel, and copper alloys; iron plated with chromium, nickel, and the like, and synthetic resins having conductivity.

  Furthermore, as the conductive shaft core, a conductive shaft core material that has been subjected to rust prevention treatment such as plating or oxidation treatment can be used. As the type of plating, both electroplating and electroless plating can be used, but electroless plating is preferable from the viewpoint of dimensional stability. Examples of the electroless plating used here include nickel plating (Kanizen plating), copper plating, gold plating, and other various alloy platings. The plating thickness can be 0.05 μm or more, for example, but considering the balance between work efficiency and rust prevention ability, the plating thickness is suitably 0.1 to 30 μm.

  Examples of the shape of the conductive shaft core include a rod-shaped body and a pipe-shaped body. A primer treatment layer may be formed on the surface as necessary. Examples of the outer diameter of the conductive shaft core include a range of 4 mm to 10 mm.

  The elastic layer in the developing roller of the present invention has a suitable elasticity so that the developing roller has appropriate elasticity so that the developer on the surface formed in a thin film shape in contact with the developing blade can be supplied to the photoreceptor. It is preferable to have. In addition, it has low hardness to reduce damage to the photoconductor, developing blade, toner, etc. that come into contact with the developing roller, and also suppresses the occurrence of deformation due to the pressing force received from these, so that high-quality images can be produced over a long period In order to obtain this, it is preferable that the compression set is small.

  As the hardness of the elastic layer, the Asker C hardness is preferably 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less. If the hardness of the elastic layer is 10 degrees or more, the photoreceptor can be prevented from being contaminated by exudates from the developing roller. Further, if the hardness of the elastic layer is 80 degrees or less, it is possible to suppress damage to the toner to be conveyed and to suppress a decrease in image quality of the output image.

  The elastic layer may be a foam or a solid body. Specific examples of the material include ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), epoxy. Rubber, urea rubber, melamine rubber, diallyl phthalate rubber, polycarbonate rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene rubber, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, NBR hydride, polysulfide rubber, urethane rubber, etc. A rubber material can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, EPDM, NBR, silicone rubber, urethane rubber and the like can be mentioned as preferable ones. From the viewpoint of compatibility with the amine compound described later, silicone rubber and urethane rubber can be particularly preferable.

  It is preferable that the elastic layer has conductivity and the developing roller has an electric resistance value of the semiconductor region. In order to have conductivity in the elastic layer, it is preferable to contain a conductivity imparting agent by an ionic conduction mechanism or an electronic conduction mechanism. As the conductivity-imparting agent, fine particles such as conductive metals such as graphite, carbon black, aluminum, and copper; conductive metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, and titanium oxide can be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, carbon black is preferable because it can be obtained relatively easily and good chargeability can be obtained.

The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is preferably in the range of 1 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ¹¹ Ω · cm. When the volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ¹¹ Ω · cm, the toner can be uniformly charged. A more preferable range of the volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ⁸ Ω · cm.

  When measuring the volume resistivity, the elastic layer material is cured under the same conditions as those for forming the elastic layer to produce a 2.0 mm thick elastic layer test piece, which is used for measurement. . Specifically, the elastic layer material is made into a sheet and placed in an oven at 130 ° C. and heated for 20 minutes to form two rubber sheets having a thickness of 2.0 mm, and then heated in an oven at 200 ° C. for 4 hours for secondary addition. Sulfur is performed. Thereafter, the rubber sheet is left in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 45% for 24 hours or more, and measured by applying a voltage of 100 V using Hiresta IP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Oil Chemical Co., Ltd.). The volume resistivity can be obtained as an average value of the resistance values.

  In such an elastic layer, various additives such as a non-conductive filler, a cross-linking agent, and a catalyst can be appropriately contained as necessary within a range not impairing the function of the composition. Specifically, examples of the non-conductive filler include diatomaceous earth, silica, quartz powder, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminosilicate, and calcium carbonate. Examples of the crosslinking agent include di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, dicumyl peroxide, t-butylperoxybenzoate, and the like. Can do.

  The thickness of the elastic layer can be appropriately selected so as to have a desired elasticity in relation to the material, the developer amount regulating member, the photoconductor, and the like, for example, 2.0 to 6.0 mm. Can do.

The surface layer in the developing roller of the present invention contains an amine compound having a surfactant structure and a binder resin. Such an amine compound in the surface layer imparts negative chargeability to the toner, and enables high-quality image formation with high density and clearness and less fog. Specifically, such a surfactant structure has segments of both a polar group (basic) and a nonpolar group (resin compatible group). For this reason, the amine compound imparts negative chargeability to the toner by the polar group, and has an excellent compatibility with the binder resin by the nonpolar group and contributes to the improvement of the adhesion between the surface layer and the elastic layer. Have. As a polar group of such an amine compound, any group may be used as long as it contains nitrogen in the structure. Specifically, primary amino group, secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, or quaternary ammonium groups having ion pair _{bond, -COOH, -SO 3 H, -P} (O) (OH ₂ ) A phosphate group, an amine salt group of a proton donating group such as -OH, and the like. The amine compound may have one or a combination of two or more of these polar groups. Of these, the amine salt of phosphate ester, the amine salt of carboxylic acid ester, or the amine salt of ether sulfonic acid is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of strong polarity and imparting negative charge to the toner.

  The non-polar group having compatibility with the resin in the amine compound is preferably one having compatibility with the binder resin, and is preferably selected as appropriate in relation to the binder resin. Specific examples include groups such as acrylic polymer, polyester, polyurethane, polyether, and polyepoxy.

  The amine compound has an amine value of 20 mgKOH / g or more and 140 mgKOH / g or less. Preferably they are 40 mgKOH / g or more and 90 mgKOH / g or less. When the amine value of the amine compound is 20 mgKOH / g or more, the toner can be sufficiently charged. Moreover, if it is 140 mgKOH / g or less, a polar group segment will localize on the surface vicinity, precipitation of a polar group component etc. can be suppressed and a photoreceptor contamination can be suppressed.

  Here, the amine value means a value represented by the mass (mg) of potassium hydroxide equivalent to perchloric acid required to neutralize all basic nitrogen contained in 1 g of a sample. It is an index of equivalent weight.

  The amine compound preferably has a number average molecular weight Mn in the range of 5000 to 80000, particularly preferably 36000 to 60000. If the number average molecular weight is 5000 or more, it is possible to suppress the amine compound from precipitating with time from the surface layer, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of image unevenness due to photoconductor contamination. In addition, if the number average molecular weight is 80000 or less, toner charging instability caused by a decrease in compatibility (dispersibility) with the binder resin component can be suppressed, and the wear resistance can be reduced and the multilayer structure can be reduced. Instability of the surface roughness that causes delamination in the developing roller can be suppressed.

  The binder resin in the surface layer is preferably one having compatibility (dispersibility) with the amine compound. Specifically, polyamide, fluororesin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, styrene resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate resin, styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer, rosin-modified maleic acid resin, epoxy resin, low molecular weight polyethylene resin, ionomer resin , Nylon resin, ketone resin, xylene resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, hydrogenated styrene-butylene resin, urethane resin, silicone resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, imide resin, olefin resin, and the like. From the viewpoints of wear resistance, toner chargeability, adhesion to the elastic layer, and the like, urethane resin, polyester resin, amino resin, epoxy resin, and the like can be mentioned as preferable ones. Among these, urethane resins are particularly preferable from the viewpoints of good compatibility with the amine compound and charge controllability and adhesion to the elastic layer. Furthermore, the thermosetting urethane resin is particularly preferable because the hardness of the surface layer can be easily adjusted and the stress applied to the toner can be reduced as compared with the thermoplastic urethane resin.

  Examples of the thermosetting urethane resin used here include those obtained from an isocyanate compound and a polyol.

  Diisocyanate 4-, 4′-diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4′-diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, carbodiimide-modified MDI Xylylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanate, paraphenyl diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the content ratio may be any.

  As the above polyol, as divalent polyol (diol), ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, xylene glycol, Examples thereof include triethylene glycol, and examples of the trivalent or higher polyol include 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol. In addition, polyols such as high molecular weight polyethylene glycol obtained by adding ethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide to diol, triol or the like, polypropylene glycol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide block glycol or the like can also be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the content ratio may be any.

  In such a surface layer, the content ratio of the binder resin and the amine compound is preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. More preferably, it is 1-10 mass parts. When the content of the amine compound is 0.5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, the toner can be sufficiently charged. Moreover, if it is 30 mass parts or less, precipitation of the amine compound accompanying a time-lapse | temporal from a surface layer can be suppressed, contamination of a photoreceptor can be suppressed and generation | occurrence | production of an image nonuniformity can be suppressed.

  The surface layer preferably contains a conductivity imparting agent in order to impart conductivity. Specific examples of the conductivity-imparting agent include those exemplified as the conductivity-imparting agent contained in the elastic layer. Further, as a conductivity imparting agent, carbon black can be mentioned as a preferable material from the same viewpoint, such as easy control of conductivity and excellent wear resistance.

  As said carbon black, the oxidation process carbon black which provided the surface functional group by oxidation process can be mentioned as a preferable thing from having dispersion stability. The pH value of the oxidized carbon black is preferably 4.5 or less. Since the oxidized carbon black has a polar group on the surface, the affinity with the amine compound having a polar group and the binder resin is improved. If the pH value of carbon black is 4.5 or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the affinity between the amine compound and the binder resin and to suppress a decrease in dispersibility (compatibility). Dispersion failure with bon black can be suppressed. For this reason, even if carbon black is used within a range where sufficient conductivity can be imparted, it can be uniformly dispersed, aggregation over time can be suppressed, and image defects such as ghosts and occurrence of leaks can be suppressed. Can do.

  The average particle size of the carbon black may be, for example, 10 to 50 nm in consideration of maintaining the strength of the surface layer and taking into consideration appropriate conductivity. Moreover, as DBP oil absorption amount of carbon black, 70-150 ml / 100g can be mentioned for the same reason, for example. As such carbon black, what was manufactured by the channel method, the furnace method, etc. can be used conveniently. The average particle size of the carbon black is measured by using an electron microscope after preparing an ultra-thin section using a microtome by pressing a resin pellet or a carbon-colored product of a molded product into a film piece. A value obtained by measuring a carbon black particle image in a measurement area of 0.1 × 0.1 mm in an electron micrograph (magnification 1000 times) using a digitizer can be adopted.

  As content in the surface layer of carbon black, in order to make the developing roller have an appropriate range of conductivity, 1 to 40 parts by mass may be mentioned as a preferable range with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. it can. When the content of the carbon black in the surface layer is in the range of 20 to 30 parts by mass, the amine compound and the binder resin are excellent in dispersibility, have appropriate conductivity, and have resistance uniformity. This is particularly preferable because a high-quality image can be obtained.

  The surface layer may contain spherical fine particles that form an uneven shape on the surface in order to impart an appropriate surface roughness to the surface of the developing roller. When the surface layer contains spherical fine particles, it becomes easy to make the surface roughness of the developing roller surface uniform, and at the same time, even when the surface layer is worn, the variation of the surface roughness is reduced and the surface state is made constant. Can be held. The spherical fine particles preferably have a volume average particle size of 8 to 30 μm. For measuring the volume particle size of the fine particles, a LS-230 type laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Coulter, Inc., to which a liquid module is attached can be used. Specifically, a trace amount of surfactant is added to 10 cc of water, 10 mg of fine particles are added thereto, and the mixture is dispersed for 10 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser, and then measured under the conditions of a measurement time of 90 seconds and a single measurement. . The value measured by the above measurement method can be adopted as the value of the volume average particle diameter. The content of the spherical fine particles is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

  Examples of the material of the spherical fine particles include urethane resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, and polycarbonate resin. These spherical fine particles can be produced, for example, by suspension polymerization or dispersion polymerization.

  In addition to the above components, the surface layer has a filler, an extender, a vulcanizing agent, a crosslinking agent, a vulcanization aid, a crosslinking aid, and an antioxidant as long as they do not impair the functions of the above components. Various additives such as an agent, an anti-aging agent and a processing aid can be contained.

  As thickness of the said surface layer, 1-500 micrometers can be mentioned, for example, Preferably it is 1-50 micrometers. If the thickness of the surface layer is 1 μm or more, the precipitation of low molecular weight components contained in the surface layer and the lower layer can be suppressed, and if it is 500 μm or less, the development roller is prevented from having high hardness, and the toner Can be suppressed.

  As an example of the developing roller of the present invention, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. 1, a conductive shaft core 1 and a conductive elastic layer 2 and a surface layer 3 are sequentially laminated on the outer periphery thereof. Can be mentioned.

  In addition to the elastic layer and the surface layer, the developing roller of the present invention may have layers having various functions such as a resin layer that improves wear resistance and chargeability. In addition to the case where each of the elastic layer and the surface layer has a single-layer structure, a multilayer structure having different materials and compositions may be used. Moreover, as a developing roller of this invention, a surface layer has a function as an elastic layer, and it can also be set as 1 layer structure.

  In such a method for producing the developing roller of the present invention, the elastic layer is a composition containing an uncured rubber component of the rubber, a conductivity imparting agent, and other components as necessary (referred to as an uncured rubber composition). ), A coating solution is prepared, a coating film is formed using the coating solution, and a method of curing the coating film can be mentioned. Examples of the coating method include a dip coating method, a blade coating method, a coating method using an annular coating tank, and a coating method using a ring-shaped coating head. Moreover, the method of shape | molding by an extrusion molding method, a metal mold | die molding method, etc. using an uncured rubber composition can be mentioned. After the rubber component is cured, the elastic layer can be formed by polishing to adjust the surface roughness.

  After forming the elastic layer, the surface layer is formed. As a method for forming the surface layer, a composition (referred to as an uncured composition) containing the amino compound, the uncured binder resin, and other component surface layer materials is prepared and used for elasticity. A method of forming a coating film on the layer and curing it can be mentioned. For the preparation of the uncured composition, it is preferable to use a dispersion apparatus using beads such as a sand mill, a paint shaker, a dyno mill, and a pearl mill using methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, alcohol, or the like as a solvent.

  Coating methods such as spraying, dipping, and roll coating can be used to form the coating film. After the coating film is formed on the elastic layer, the solvent is removed by drying, heating, electron beam A method of curing by a method such as irradiation can be used. Specifically, curing may be any method such as heating or electron beam irradiation.

  When dip coating is used for the coating film formation, it is preferable to use a coating apparatus having a paint circulation mechanism shown in the schematic configuration diagram of FIG.

  An immersion tank 27 is provided in the coating apparatus shown in FIG. The immersion tank has a cylindrical shape with an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the roller 28 on which the elastic layer is formed and a depth longer than the axial length of the roller 28, and is installed with the axial direction vertical. . An annular liquid receiving portion 30 is provided on the outer periphery of the upper end portion, and the liquid receiving portion is connected to the stirring tank 29 by a pipe 31 connected to the bottom surface. On the other hand, the bottom of the immersion tank 27 is connected to a pump 33 that circulates the coating liquid 32 through a pipe 35, and further connected to the stirring tank 30 by a pipe 34 that connects the pump 33 and the stirring tank 29. The stirring tank 29 is provided with a stirring blade 36 for stirring the coating liquid 32 stored inside.

  This coating apparatus is provided with an elevating device 37 that raises and lowers the elevating plate 38 in the axial direction of the immersing tank in the upper part of the immersing tank, and the roller 28 suspended on the elevating plate 38 can enter and retract into the immersing tank. ing.

  In order to form the surface layer on the elastic layer using such a coating apparatus, the pump 33 is driven, and the coating liquid 32 stored in the stirring tank 29 is supplied to the immersion tank 27 through the pipes 34 and 35. The elevating device 37 is driven to lower the elevating plate 38, and the roller 28 enters the immersion tank filled with the coating liquid 32. The coating liquid overflowing from the upper end of the immersion tank due to the entrance of the roller 28 is received by the liquid receiving portion 30 and returned to the stirring tank 29 through the pipe 31. Thereafter, the elevating device is driven to raise the elevating plate, the roller 28 is retracted from the immersion tank at a predetermined speed, and a coating film is formed on the elastic layer. During this time, the stirring blade 36 is rotated in the stirring tank to stir the coating solution to suppress sedimentation of the contents and maintain the uniformity of the coating solution.

  The roller on which the coating film is formed is removed from the lifting plate 38, the coating film is dried and cured, and the surface layer is formed.

  The electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention is an electrophotographic apparatus having a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of a photoreceptor carrying an electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image. It is the said developing roller, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. As an example, a non-magnetic one-component developing type tandem type color electrophotographic image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 3 can be mentioned. The color electrophotographic image forming apparatus shown in the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. 3 includes image forming units 12a to 12d provided for each color toner such as yellow toner, magenta toner, cyan toner, and black toner. Each image forming unit is provided with a photoreceptor 5 as an electrostatic latent image carrier that rotates in the direction of the arrow. Around each photoconductor, a charging device 6 for uniformly charging the photoconductor, exposure means for irradiating the uniformly charged photoconductor with a laser beam 7 to form an electrostatic latent image, electrostatic A developing device 8 is provided that supplies toner to the photosensitive member on which the latent image is formed to develop the electrostatic latent image. On the other hand, the transfer material 11 such as paper supplied by the paper feed roller 22 is electrostatically attached to the surface of the transport belt 17 to which the charge of the bias power supply 25 is applied via the roller 21 and is transported. ing. The conveying belt 17 is suspended from a driving roller 18, a driven roller 20, and a tension roller 19 so that toner images of each color formed in each image forming unit can be sequentially superimposed and transferred onto a transfer material. The transfer material is conveyed synchronously.

  A transfer device is provided for transferring the toner image on the photosensitive member visualized in each image forming unit to the transfer material 11 conveyed by the conveyance belt 17. The transfer device is charged on the back surface of the transfer material via the transfer roller 10. Is provided.

  Further, the color electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a peeling device 23 that peels off the transfer material adhering to the conveyance belt 17, a fixing device 24 that fixes the toner image superimposed on the transfer material by heating, and image-formed transfer. A conveying device (not shown) for discharging the material out of the device is provided.

  On the other hand, each image forming unit is provided with a cleaning device 9 having a cleaning blade for removing the residual developer remaining without being transferred onto each photoconductor and cleaning the surface, and other developments scraped from the photoconductor. A waste developer container or the like for storing the agent is provided. The cleaned photoconductor is set in an image-formable state and stands by.

  The developing device 8 provided in each of the image forming units is installed so as to close the developer container 14 containing the one-component toner 13 and the opening of the developer container. The developing roller 1 is provided so as to oppose. In the developer container, the toner is supplied to the developing roller, and at the same time, the toner supply roller 15 that scrapes the toner remaining without being used on the developing roller is formed, and the toner on the developing roller is formed in a thin film and is triboelectrically charged. Developer blade 16 is provided. As the toner supply roller, for example, a foamed sponge body or polyurethane foam on a shaft core body, a fur brush structure in which fibers such as rayon or polyamide are planted, etc. are provided on the developing roller after development. This is preferable because it facilitates the removal of residual toner.

  The electrophotographic process cartridge of the present invention further includes a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of the photoreceptor carrying the electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image, and includes an electrophotographic apparatus. In the process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus which is detachably attachable, the developing roller is the developing roller. As the electrophotographic process cartridge of the present invention, in addition to the developing device having the developing roller, any one or more selected from a photoconductor, a charging device, a cleaning device, a transfer device, and the like are integrally provided. And those which are detachably provided in the electrophotographic apparatus.

  Hereinafter, the developing roller, the electrophotographic process cartridge, and the electrophotographic image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1]
[Preparation of amine compounds]
[Synthesis of ester resin prepolymer]
(A-1)
In a 2-liter reaction flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser, a stirrer, and a nitrogen inlet tube, 965.0 parts by mass of 12-hydroxystearic acid, 31.1 parts by mass of xylene, and 1.9 parts by mass of dibutyltin oxide were charged. It heated up over 3 hours, stirring to 120 degreeC under nitrogen stream. Thereafter, the mixture was further heated for 1 hour with stirring to complete the condensation, whereby an ester resin prepolymer (A-1) of Mn900 was obtained.
(A-2)
A flask similar to that used for the synthesis of A-1 was charged with 950.0 parts by mass of 12-hydroxystearic acid, 46.1 parts by mass of xylene, and 1.9 parts by mass of dibutyltin oxide, and 120 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised over 3 hours with stirring. Thereafter, the mixture was further heated with stirring for 2 hours to complete the condensation, whereby an ester resin prepolymer (A-2) of Mn 1400 was obtained.
(A-3)
A flask similar to that used for the synthesis of A-1 was charged with 920.0 parts by mass of 12-hydroxystearic acid, 60 parts by mass of xylene, and 0.3 parts by mass of tetrabutyl titanate, and up to 140 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised over 4 hours with stirring. Thereafter, the mixture was further heated for 3 hours with stirring to complete the condensation, whereby an ester resin prepolymer (A-3) of Mn2900 was obtained.

[Synthesis of phosphate ester compounds]
(B-1)
A four-necked glass reactor having a thermometer, a stirrer, a dropping funnel and a Liebig condenser, and having a water bath, 190 parts by mass of the ester resin prepolymer A-1 obtained in A-1 and benzene 190 Part by mass and 8.3 parts by mass of triethylamine were charged, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved. Subsequently, the reaction liquid was cooled with stirring, and 3.5 parts by mass of phosphorus oxychloride was dropped using a dropping funnel continuously over 0.5 hours so that the liquid temperature did not rise to 10 ° C. or higher. After completion of dropping, the reaction solution was reacted for 2 hours and then cooled. Next, using a separatory funnel, the same amount of ion-exchanged water and half amount of ion-exchanged water were washed. The washed benzene layer was dried over sodium sulfate, and then benzene was distilled off under reduced pressure. The acid ester compound (B-1) was obtained.
(B-2)
190 parts by mass of ester resin prepolymer A-2 obtained in A-2, 190 parts by mass of benzene, 16.8 parts by mass of triethylamine and phosphorus oxychloride in the same reactor as that used for the synthesis of B-1 A phosphate ester compound (B-2) of Mn4300 was obtained in the same manner as B-1 except that 7.2 parts by mass was used.
(B-3)
In a reactor similar to that used for the synthesis of B-1, 32 parts by mass of the ester resin prepolymer A-2 obtained in A-2 and 131 of the ester resin prepolymer A-3 obtained in A-3 were used. A phosphoric acid ester compound (B-3) of Mn8800 was obtained in the same manner as B-1, except that mass parts, 162 mass parts of benzene, 8.4 mass parts of triethylamine and 3.6 mass parts of phosphorus oxychloride were used. .

[Synthesis of ether sulfonic acid compound]
(C-1)
In a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a distillation column connected with a Liebig condenser, and an internal thermometer, 500 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol (Uniox M-1000: manufactured by NOF Corporation), sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate 24 .6 parts by mass and 0.67 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide were charged and heated at 190 ° C. with continuous stirring. Subsequently, while maintaining the temperature of the distillation column at about 110 ° C., the reaction was carried out for 2 hours to distill water. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 3.2 parts by mass of 2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethanesulfonic acid was added to neutralize the reaction solution. Subsequently, the reaction solution was transferred to a thin layer evaporator, and an ether sulfonate was isolated under reduced pressure at 200 ° C. and 1 kPa to obtain an ether sulfonic acid compound (C-1) of Mn 1200.
(C-2)
In a flask similar to that used for the synthesis of C-1, 600 parts by weight of polypropylene glycol (Newpol LB-1715: manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.), 12.3 parts by weight of sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, and hydroxylated An ether sulfonic acid compound (C-2) of Mn 2500 was obtained in the same manner as C-1, except that 0.34 parts by mass of sodium was used.

[Synthesis of carboxylic acid ester compound]
(D-1)
A flask similar to that used for the synthesis of A-1 was charged with 10 parts by mass of 12-hydroxystearic acid, 55 parts by mass of ε-caprolactone and 0.01 parts by mass of tetrabutyl titanate, and up to 160 ° C. under a nitrogen stream. The temperature was raised over 4 hours, followed by heating at 160 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the carboxylic acid ester compound (D-1) of Mn1500.
(D-2)
A flask similar to that used for the synthesis of A-1 was charged with 10 parts by mass of 12-hydroxystearic acid and 190 parts by mass of ε-caprolactone, heated to 160 ° C. over 4 hours under a nitrogen stream, And heated at 160 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the carboxylic acid ester compound (D-2) of Mn2700.
(D-3)
A flask similar to that used for the synthesis of A-1 was charged with 10 parts by weight of caproic acid, 506 parts by weight of ε-caprolactone and 0.03 parts by weight of tetrabutyl titanate, and heated at 170 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen stream. did. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the carboxylic acid ester compound (D-3) of Mn4800.

[Synthesis of amine compounds]
In the preparation of the following amine compounds, commercially available diethylamine, triethylenetetraamine, polyethyleneimine (SP-006 or SP-200: Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.), polyallylamine (PAA-03, PAA-) are used as amine precursor materials. 08, PAA-15: Nittobo Co., Ltd.).
[Preparation Example 1 (Phosphate amine salt)]
A four-necked glass reactor having a thermometer, a stirrer, a dropping funnel and a Liebig condenser and equipped with a water bath was charged with 6.5 parts by weight of diethylamine, 50 parts by weight of butyl glycol and 20 parts by weight of xylene. After the mixed solution was charged and stirred, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. Subsequently, 365 parts by mass of the phosphate ester compound (B-1) was mixed with 48 parts by mass of polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the mixture was added dropwise from the dropping funnel over 30 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain an amine compound (charge control agent) 1 having an amine value of 23 mgKOH / g and an amine base of a phosphate ester of Mn3200.

  Amine compounds (charge control agents) 2 to 6 were obtained in the same manner using the amine precursors shown in Table 1 and the above phosphoric ester compounds.

About the obtained amine compound, the number average molecular weight Mn and the amine value were measured by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Number average molecular weight]
Using a high-performance liquid chromatograph analyzer (HLC-8120GPC: Tosoh Corporation) in which two GPC columns (TSKgelSuperHM-M: Tosoh Corporation) are connected in series, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent, temperature 40 ° C., flow rate 0. The measurement sample was measured as a 0.1% by mass THF solution under the measurement conditions of a 6 ml / min RI (refractive index) detector. A calibration curve was created using several types of monodisperse standard polystyrene (Tosoh Corporation) as a standard sample for creating a calibration curve, and the number average molecular weight was determined from the retention time of the measurement sample obtained based on this.
[Amine number]
0.1 g of a measurement sample was weighed and dissolved in a toluene / ethanol mixed solution having a mass ratio of 4: 1, and 0.1 mol / l excess was measured using a fully automatic measuring instrument (AT-510: Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.). Titration operation was performed with a chloracetic acid solution.

[Preparation Example 2 (ether sulfonate)]
In a flask similar to that used in A-1, 30 parts by mass of i-butanol, 10 parts by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and 10 parts by mass of triethylenetetraamine were heated to 50 ° C. with mixing and stirring. Subsequently, the ether sulfonic acid compound (C-1) was slowly mixed with this mixture and reacted for 0.5 hour to have an amine compound having an amine value of 24 mg KOH / g and an Mn5800 ether sulfonic acid amine base. (Charge control agent 7) was obtained.

  Amine compounds (charge control agents) 8 to 10 were obtained in the same manner using the amine precursors shown in Table 2 and the ether sulfonic acid. In the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, the number average molecular weight Mn and amine value of the obtained amine compound were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Preparation Example 3 (carboxylic acid ester salt)]
In a flask similar to that used in A-1, 50 parts by mass of polyethyleneimine (SP-006: Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) and 20 parts by mass of xylene were heated to 60 ° C. while mixing and stirring. Subsequently, 170 parts by mass of the carboxylic acid ester compound (D-1) is slowly mixed with this mixture and reacted for 0.5 hour to have an amine value of 134 mgKOH / g and an amine system having an amine base of a carboxylic acid ester of Mn6600. A compound (charge control agent 11) was obtained.

  Using amine precursors shown in Table 3 and the above carboxylic acid esters, amine compounds (charge control agents) 12 to 15 were obtained in the same manner. In the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, the number average molecular weight Mn and amine value of the obtained amine compound were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Production roller development]
[Example 1]
(Production of elastic layer)
As a shaft core, a SUS 8 mm core metal plate was nickel-plated, and a primer (DY35-051: Toray Dow Corning) with a thickness of about 1 μm was applied and baked at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. .

The shaft core is placed in a mold, and a liquid silicone rubber material (SE6274A: Toray Dow Corning Silicone) and liquid silicone rubber material (SE6274B: Toray Dow Corning) are used at a weight ratio of 1: 1 using a static mixer. Mixed and poured into a cavity in the mold. Subsequently, the mold was heated at 150 ° C. for 15 minutes to cure and cure the liquid silicone rubber, and then demolded after cooling. Then, it heated at 180 degreeC for 1 hour, and the hardening reaction was completed. The diameter of the roller on which the elastic layer was produced was 16 mm.
(Preparation of surface layer)
Stepwise, in 100 parts by mass of polytetramethylene glycol (PTG1000SN: Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 22 parts by mass of chain extension isocyanate compound tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) (Cosmonate T80: Mitsui Takeda Chemical Co., Ltd.) in MEK solvent The mixture was stirred and stirred at 80 ° C. for 5 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a polyurethane polyol having a weight average molecular weight Mw of 9800 and a hydroxyl value of 33. 30.5 parts by mass of polyisocyanate (Coronate L: Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts by mass of this polyurethane polyol to obtain a binder resin component. Subsequently, carbon black (MA100: Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) (pH 3.5) (method for measuring the pH of carbon black is shown below) is added to the binder resin component by 20 mass with respect to 100 mass parts of the binder resin solid content. 5 parts by mass of the amine compound (charge control agent) 1 obtained in Preparation Example 1 and MEK were added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at a stirring motor of 700 rpm. Furthermore, with a horizontal disperser (NVM-03: Imex Co., Ltd.), the mixture was uniformly dispersed for 2 hours under conditions of a peripheral speed of 7 m / sec, a flow rate of 1 cc / min, and a dispersion temperature of 15 ° C. The resin content was adjusted to 30% by mass so that the thickness of the resin layer was 20 μm. Subsequently, this solution was filtered through a 380 mesh screen to obtain a surface layer forming coating solution.

  In the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the obtained coating liquid for forming the surface layer was circulated at a liquid flow rate of 250 cc / min and a liquid temperature of 23 ° C., and a roller with an elastic layer was rotated at a speed of 100 mm / s. I entered with. After stopping for 10 seconds, it was retracted at an initial speed of 400 mm / s and a final speed of 200 mm / s and allowed to air dry for 10 minutes. Next, heat treatment was performed at 140 ° C. for 2 hours, the raw material of the surface layer was cured, and a surface layer was produced.

  The obtained developing roller (1) was evaluated for uneven electrical resistance by the following method, and then image formation was performed. The obtained image was evaluated as follows. Furthermore, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[PH measurement of carbon black]
The pH of the carbon black used is measured by the following method.

  10 g of each carbon black was weighed into a beaker, 3 drops of 100 ml of water and ethyl alcohol were added, covered with a watch glass, and boiled for 15 minutes. After boiling, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the supernatant was removed by centrifugal separation to prepare a muddy carbon black measurement sample. An electrode of a pH meter (HM-30R: Toa DKK) was put into this measurement sample, and measurement was performed while moving in the beaker, and the value at which the pH value became constant was taken as the pH value of carbon black.

[Development roller evaluation]
[Electric resistance unevenness]
A load of 500 g was applied to both ends of the shaft core of the developing roller, pressed against a metal drum rotating at 60 rpm, and a voltage of 100 V was applied between the metal drum and the shaft of the developing roller. Thereafter, the resistance value of the developing roller is calculated from the current value flowing through the 10 kΩ resistor connected in series with the developing roller, and the maximum and minimum resistance values in one round are obtained. 1- (Minimum resistance value / resistance The value of the maximum value was defined as uneven resistance of the developing roller.
A: Resistance unevenness is 0 or more and less than 0.2 B: Resistance unevenness is 0.2 or more and less than 0.4 C: Resistance unevenness is 0.4 or more and less than 0.7 D: Resistance unevenness is 0.7 or more, 1.0 or less.

[Image evaluation]
The developing roller is mounted on a commercially available laser beam printer (LBP5500: manufactured by Canon Inc.), and 10,000 sheets of non-magnetic one-component black toner are continuously used at a printing rate of 2% in an environment of an air temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% RH. Printed. Thereafter, fog, ghost, image density and photoconductor contamination were evaluated.

[Fog]
A white solid image is output after printing 10,000 sheets, the printer is stopped during the output, the toner adhering to the photoconductor is peeled off with the adhesive tape, and the reflectance of the adhesive surface of the adhesive tape is measured. The fog was evaluated from the decrease. In addition, the reflection densitometer (TC-6DS / A: Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.) was used for the measurement of a reflectance.
A: Decrease in reflectance is less than 2% B: Decrease in reflectance is 2% or more and less than 4% C: Decrease in reflectance is 4% or more and less than 6% D: Decrease in reflectance is 6% or more.

[ghost]
After the evaluation of fog, an image pattern having a 15 mm square solid black and halftone portion at the tip was output, and the density unevenness was visually evaluated to determine ghost.
A: Density unevenness is not recognized at all in the halftone part B: Very slight density unevenness that is difficult to distinguish in the halftone part is recognized C: Small density unevenness is recognized in the halftone part D: Halftone part Density unevenness affecting the image is observed.

[Image density]
After the ghost evaluation, a full face solid image was output, the density was measured with a reflection densitometer (GretagMacbeth RD918: manufactured by Macbeth Co.) at 9 locations on the paper, and the average value was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: Concentration is 1.2 or more B: Concentration is 1.1 or more and less than 1.2 C: Concentration is 1.0 or more and less than 1.1 D: Concentration is less than 1.0

[Photoconductor contamination]
After the image density evaluation, the sample was left in the same environment for one month, a halftone image was output again, and the photoreceptor contamination was evaluated according to the following criteria.
A: No image unevenness due to photoconductor contamination B: Image unevenness disappears within 5 prints C: Image unevenness disappears within 5 to 10 prints D: Image unevenness 10 prints Anything that won't disappear.

[Measurement of surface layer thickness]
After image formation, the film thickness of the surface layer of the developing roller was measured. After taking out the developing roller from the electrophotographic apparatus and washing with methanol, a point of 5 mm from the both ends of the developing roller and a central portion in the longitudinal direction were cut out with a razor into a size of 1 mm thickness × 5 mm depth to prepare a measurement sample. The cross section of each measurement sample was observed using a digital microscope (VH-2450: Keyence Corporation). Measurements were made at three different points in the circumferential direction of each developing roller, and the average of the nine points was taken as the film thickness of the developing roller.

[Membrane peeling]
After image formation, film peeling between the elastic layer of the developing roller and the surface layer was observed. The developing roller was taken out from the electrophotographic apparatus, and in accordance with JISK5400 (1990), the adhesion between the elastic layer and the resin layer was evaluated by the following method using a cross cassette cello tape test method.
A: The number of peeled cells per 100 cells is 0
B: The number of peeled cells per 100 cells is 1 or more and less than 5 C: The number of peeled cells per 100 cells is 5 or more and less than 10 D: The number of cells peeled per 100 cells is 10 or more.

[Examples 2 to 15]
Developing rollers (2 to 15) were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface layer was prepared using charge control agents 2 to 15 as amine compounds. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 4.

[Example 16]
The developing roller (PAA-03: manufactured by Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.) (amine value: 136 mgKOH / g, Mn: 3000) was used as an amine compound in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a surface layer was prepared. 16) was produced. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 4.

[Example 17]
A surface layer was produced using a secondary amine salt (PAS-92: manufactured by Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd.) (amine value: 43 mg KOH / g, Mn: 5100) as an amine compound, and was the same as in Example 1. A developing roller (17) was produced. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 4.

[Examples 18 to 23]
The charge control agent 4 as an amine compound is added to 0.1 part by weight, 0.5 part by weight, 1 part by weight, 10 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, and 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin solid content, respectively. A surface layer was produced by modification. Otherwise, developing rollers (18 to 23) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 4.

[Examples 24-29]
The charge control agent 4 is used as an amine compound, and the amount of carbon black used is 0 part by weight, 0.5 part by weight, 1 part by weight, 30 parts by weight, and 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin solid content. Part and 50 parts by mass were used to prepare a surface layer. The other development rollers (24 to 29) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 4.

[Examples 30 to 34]
The charge control agent 4 is used as an amine compound, and MA-77 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) (pH: 2.5) as carbon black is 20 parts by mass and 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin solid content, respectively. 30 parts by mass, 40 parts by mass, and 50 parts by mass were used to prepare a surface layer. Otherwise, developing rollers (30 to 34) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results of Example 30 are shown in Table 4, and the results of Examples 31 to 35 are shown in Table 5.

[Examples 35 to 39]
The charge control agent 4 is used as an amine compound, and S-160 (manufactured by Degussa Japan Co., Ltd.) (pH: 4.5) is used as carbon black at 20 parts by mass, A surface layer was prepared using 30 parts by mass, 40 parts by mass, and 50 parts by mass. Otherwise, developing rollers (35 to 39) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 5.

[Examples 40 to 43]
The charge control agent 4 is used as an amine compound, and # 40 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) (pH: 8.0) as carbon black is 20 parts by mass and 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin solid content, respectively. 40 parts by mass and 50 parts by mass were used to prepare a surface layer. Otherwise, developing rollers (40 to 43) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 5.

[Example 44]
As a binder resin component, 28.4 parts by mass of polyisocyanate (Coronate 2520: manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.) was used with respect to 100 parts by mass of thermoplastic polyurethane resin (Nipporan 2304: manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.). A developing roller (44) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surface layer was produced using the charge control agent 4 as the amine compound. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 5.

[Example 45]
The following materials were used as raw rubber for forming the elastic layer. Tolylene diisocyanate was reacted with a polyether polyol having 3 functional groups and a number average molecular weight of 5000 so that the NCO% was 6.7% by mass to obtain a prepolymer. Using a mixer, 6.5 parts by mass of 1,4-butanediol, 2 parts by mass of a silicone surfactant, 0.01 parts by mass of dibutyltin dilaurate and 2.0 parts by mass of acetylene black were added to 100 parts by mass of this prepolymer. The elastic layer material composition was prepared by stirring for 2 minutes. An elastic layer was produced using this elastic layer material composition. A surface layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge control agent 4 was used as the charge control agent, and a developing roller (45) was produced. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 5.

[Example 46]
A surface layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge control agent 4 was added as an amine compound to the elastic layer material composition of Example 45 to produce an elastic layer, and a developing roller (46) was produced. did. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 5.

[Comparative Example 1]
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge control agent 1 was not used, the physical properties of the obtained developing roller, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation In the same manner as in Example 1, the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 6.

[Comparative Example 2]
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyesteramine salt (KS860: manufactured by Enomoto Chemical Co., Ltd.) (amine value: 11 mgKOH / g, Mn: 1500) was used as the amine compound. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 6.

[Comparative Example 3]
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethyleneimine (epomine SP-012) (amine value: 230 mgKOH / g, Mn: 1800) was used as the amine compound. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 6.

[Comparative Example 4]
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethyleneimine (Epomin P-1000) (amine value: 1008 mg KOH / g, Mn: 7000) was used as the amine compound. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 6.

[Comparative Example 5]
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LN2065: Teika Co., Ltd.) (amine value: 0 mg KOH / g, Mn: 350) was used instead of the amine compound. The physical properties of the developing roller obtained, the image obtained using the developing roller, the thickness of the surface layer after image formation, and the presence or absence of film peeling between the elastic layer and the surface layer were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Table 6.

  From the results, it is clear that the developing roller of the present invention is excellent in image formation, has durability, and suppresses contamination of the photoreceptor.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows an example of the developing roller of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the coating device used for manufacture of the developing roller of this invention. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Developing roller 2 Conductive axial core 3 Elastic layer 4 Surface layer 5 Photoconductor 6 Charging device 7 Laser beam 8 Developing device 9 Cleaning device 10 Transfer roller 11 Transfer material 12a-12d Image forming unit 13 One-component toner 14 Developer container 15 Toner supply roller 16 Developer blade 17 Conveying belt 18 Driving roller 19 Tension roller 20 Driven roller 21 Conveying roller 22 Feed roller 23 Peeling device 24 Fixing device 25 Bias power supply 26 Transfer bias power supply 27 Immersion tank 28 Roller 29 Stirring tank 30 Liquid receiver Portions 31, 34, 35 Tube 32 Coating liquid 33 Pump 36 Stirring blade 37 Lifting device 38 Lifting plate

Claims (10)

  The developing roller having an elastic layer around the conductive shaft core has a surface layer containing an amine compound having a surfactant structure and a binder resin, and the amine compound is 20 mgKOH / g or more and 140 mgKOH / g or less. A developing roller having an amine value of   The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound has a number average molecular weight in the range of 5000 to 80,000.   The amine compound contains one or two or more selected from the amine base of phosphate ester, the amine base of carboxylate ester, or the amine base of ether sulfonic acid. Development roller.   The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin contains a thermosetting urethane resin.   The surface layer contains an amine compound in a range of 0.5 to 30.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. Development roller.   The developing roller according to claim 1, wherein the surface layer contains carbon black.   The development according to claim 6, wherein the surface layer contains carbon black in a range of 1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the carbon black has a pH of 4.5 or less. roller.   The developing roller for an electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conductive elastic layer contains silicone rubber or urethane rubber.   A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus having a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of a photosensitive member carrying an electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image and is detachable from the electrophotographic apparatus A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developing roller is the developing roller according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   9. An electrophotographic apparatus having a developing roller that supplies a developer to the surface of a photosensitive member carrying an electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image, wherein the developing roller is any one of claims 1 to 8. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the developing roller described above.

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