JP2007315663A - Refrigeration system - Google Patents

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JP2007315663A
JP2007315663A JP2006145237A JP2006145237A JP2007315663A JP 2007315663 A JP2007315663 A JP 2007315663A JP 2006145237 A JP2006145237 A JP 2006145237A JP 2006145237 A JP2006145237 A JP 2006145237A JP 2007315663 A JP2007315663 A JP 2007315663A
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refrigerant
oxygen
circulation path
adsorber
moisture
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Shunji Komatsu
俊二 小松
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Sanden Corp
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Sanden Corp
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refrigeration system suppressing generation of hydrogen iodide into a coolant even when the coolant containing iodine suiting global warming prevention is used, and preventing corrosion of circuit apparatuses and components due to the hydrogen iodide. <P>SOLUTION: The refrigeration system is provided with: a coolant circulation path 2 sealing an azeotropic coolant containing iodine; and an adsorption unit 14 inserted between a condenser 6 and an expansion valve 8, or between an evaporator 10 and a compressor 4 in the coolant circulation path 2. The adsorption unit 14 is incorporated with a moisture adsorbent 16 and an oxygen adsorbent 18. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、例えば車両の空調システムに組み込まれる冷凍装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus incorporated in an air conditioning system of a vehicle, for example.

近年、地球の温暖化を防止するために種々の対策が講じられ、その一環として、この種の冷凍装置にあっても地球温暖化係数の小さい冷媒の使用が義務付けされる傾向にある。地球温暖化係数が小さい冷媒にはCO２、R152a，HC等が挙げられるが、CO２冷媒にはその圧縮に高圧が要求され、また、R152aやHCの冷媒は可燃性であるという不具合を有する。
上述の事情から、CO２、R152a，HC等の冷媒の不具合を解消した共沸冷媒が開発され（特許文献１）、このような共沸冷媒を車両用の冷凍装置に適用することが考えられている。
米国特許公報第6969701号明細書 In recent years, various measures have been taken to prevent global warming, and as part of this, there is a tendency to require the use of a refrigerant with a low global warming potential even in this type of refrigeration apparatus. Refrigerants with a low global warming potential include CO 2 , R152a, HC, etc., but CO 2 refrigerants require high pressure to compress them, and R152a and HC refrigerants are flammable. .
In view of the above circumstances, azeotropic refrigerants have been developed that have solved the problems of refrigerants such as CO 2 , R152a, and HC (Patent Document 1), and it is conceivable to apply such azeotropic refrigerants to refrigeration equipment for vehicles. ing.
US Pat. No. 6,696,701

特許文献１の共沸冷媒はその成分の一部にトリフルオロヨウ化メチル(CF３I)を含み、このトリフルオロヨウ化メチルは分子的に不安定であり、冷媒中の水分と反応してヨウ化水素を発生させる。ヨウ化水素は金属に対して強い腐食性を有することから、冷媒循環経路中の圧縮機等の回路機器や部品の耐久性を著しく悪化させる。
本発明は上述の事情に基づいてなされたもので、その目的とするところはヨウ素を含む冷媒を使用することで地球の温暖化を防止でき、しかも、その冷媒の使用による耐久性の悪化をも阻止することができる冷凍装置を提供することにある。 The azeotropic refrigerant of Patent Document 1 contains methyl trifluoroiodide (CF 3 I) as a part of its components, and this methyl trifluoroiodide is molecularly unstable and reacts with moisture in the refrigerant. Generate hydrogen iodide. Since hydrogen iodide is highly corrosive to metals, the durability of circuit devices and components such as a compressor in the refrigerant circulation path is significantly deteriorated.
The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to prevent global warming by using a refrigerant containing iodine, and also to deteriorate the durability due to the use of the refrigerant. An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigeration apparatus that can be prevented.

上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の冷凍装置は、圧縮機から凝縮器を経て膨張弁に至る高圧経路部分及び膨張弁から蒸発器を経て圧縮機に至る低圧経路部分を有し、ヨウ素成分を含み且つ地球温暖化係数が１５０以下の冷媒が封入された冷媒循環経路と、冷媒循環経路に介挿され、冷媒中の水分を吸着する水分吸着器と、冷媒循環経路に挿入され、冷媒中の酸素を吸着する酸素吸着器とを備える（請求項１）。   In order to achieve the above object, the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention has a high-pressure path part from the compressor to the expansion valve through the condenser and a low-pressure path part from the expansion valve to the compressor through the evaporator, and an iodine component. A refrigerant circulation path in which a refrigerant having a global warming potential of 150 or less is enclosed, a moisture adsorber that is inserted in the refrigerant circulation path and adsorbs moisture in the refrigerant, and is inserted into the refrigerant circulation path. And an oxygen adsorber that adsorbs oxygen (claim 1).

請求項１の冷凍装置によれば、冷媒循環経路中を冷媒が循環するとき、水分吸着器及び酸素吸着器は冷凍回路中に含まれる水分及び酸素をそれぞれ吸着する。それ故、冷媒の成分であるヨウ素と水分の水素とが結合したヨウ化水素や、このヨウ化水素と酸素による金属の酸化反応が抑制される。
水分吸着器は酸素吸着器の直上流に位置付けられているのが好ましく（請求項２）、この場合、ヨウ化水素及び酸素が金属と反応する前に、冷媒中へのヨウ化水素の発生が低減される。 According to the refrigeration apparatus of the first aspect, when the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation path, the moisture adsorber and the oxygen adsorber adsorb moisture and oxygen contained in the refrigeration circuit, respectively. Therefore, hydrogen iodide in which iodine, which is a component of the refrigerant, and hydrogen in water are combined, and the metal oxidation reaction by hydrogen iodide and oxygen are suppressed.
The moisture adsorber is preferably located immediately upstream of the oxygen adsorber (Claim 2). In this case, hydrogen iodide and oxygen are generated in the refrigerant before the hydrogen iodide and oxygen react with the metal. Reduced.

好ましくは、冷媒は1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロプロペン及びトリフルオロヨウ化メチルを含む共沸冷媒であり、このような共沸冷媒は、冷媒循環経路の高圧経路部分での高圧化を招かず、しかも、不燃性である。
具体的には、酸素吸着器は、冷媒循環経路の高圧経路部分にあっては凝縮器と膨張弁との間に配置されるか（請求項４）、又は、その低圧経路部分にあっては蒸発器と圧縮機との間に配置される（請求項５）。 Preferably, the refrigerant is an azeotropic refrigerant containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and methyl trifluoroiodide, and such an azeotropic refrigerant increases the pressure in the high-pressure path portion of the refrigerant circulation path. It is not invited and is nonflammable.
Specifically, the oxygen adsorber is disposed between the condenser and the expansion valve in the high pressure path portion of the refrigerant circulation path (Claim 4), or in the low pressure path portion thereof. It arrange | positions between an evaporator and a compressor (Claim 5).

更に、酸素吸着器は分子篩であるのが望ましい（請求項６）。   Further, the oxygen adsorber is preferably a molecular sieve (claim 6).

請求項１〜６の冷凍装置は、冷媒の地球温暖化係数が１５０以下と小さいので、地球の温暖化対策として大きく寄与することに加え、冷媒循環経路内を循環する冷媒中の水分や酸素がそれぞれの吸着器により除去されるから、冷媒の成分であるヨウ素が水分と反応してヨウ化水素を発生させることもなく、そして、ヨウ化水素及び酸素による冷凍装置の回路機器及び部品の腐食をも防止され、冷凍装置の耐久性は大きく改善する。   In the refrigeration apparatus according to claims 1 to 6, since the global warming potential of the refrigerant is as small as 150 or less, in addition to greatly contributing to global warming countermeasures, moisture and oxygen in the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation path Since it is removed by each adsorber, iodine, which is a component of the refrigerant, does not react with moisture to generate hydrogen iodide, and corrosion of the circuit equipment and parts of the refrigeration apparatus by hydrogen iodide and oxygen is prevented. And the durability of the refrigeration system is greatly improved.

図１は、車両の空調システムに組み込まれる一実施例の冷凍装置を概略的に示す。
冷凍装置は冷媒循環経路２を備えており、この冷媒循環経路２内には冷媒が封入されている。この冷媒は、１５０以下の地球温暖化係数を有するヨウ素を含んだ冷媒、具体的には特許文献１に開示されているような共沸冷媒を使用でき、この共沸冷媒は、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO-1234yf)及びトリフルオロヨウ化メチル(CF3I)を含んでいる。 FIG. 1 schematically shows a refrigeration apparatus of an embodiment incorporated in an air conditioning system of a vehicle.
The refrigeration apparatus includes a refrigerant circulation path 2, and the refrigerant is enclosed in the refrigerant circulation path 2. As this refrigerant, an iodine-containing refrigerant having a global warming potential of 150 or less, specifically, an azeotropic refrigerant as disclosed in Patent Document 1, can be used. Contains 1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and methyl trifluoroiodide (CF 3 I).

冷媒循環経路２には圧縮機４、凝縮器６、膨張弁８及び蒸発器１０が順次介挿され、圧縮機４から凝縮器６を経て膨張弁８に至る部位は高圧経路部分となり、そして、膨張弁８から蒸発器１０を経て圧縮機４に至る部位は低圧経路部分となる。なお、膨張弁８は温度式のものであり、蒸発器１０の直下流に配置された感温センサ１２を有する。
上述の高圧経路部分において、凝縮器６と膨張弁８との間には吸着ユニット１４が介挿されている。この吸着ユニット１４はそのケーシング内に分子篩等の水分を吸着する水分吸着剤１６及び酸素吸着剤１８を含み、冷媒循環経路２内を循環する共沸冷媒の流れ方向でみて、水分吸着剤１６は酸素吸着剤１８の直上流に位置付けられている。 The compressor 4, the condenser 6, the expansion valve 8 and the evaporator 10 are sequentially inserted in the refrigerant circulation path 2, and the part from the compressor 4 through the condenser 6 to the expansion valve 8 becomes a high-pressure path part, and A portion from the expansion valve 8 through the evaporator 10 to the compressor 4 is a low-pressure path portion. The expansion valve 8 is of a temperature type and has a temperature sensor 12 arranged immediately downstream of the evaporator 10.
In the above-described high pressure path portion, an adsorption unit 14 is interposed between the condenser 6 and the expansion valve 8. The adsorption unit 14 includes a moisture adsorbent 16 that adsorbs moisture such as a molecular sieve and an oxygen adsorbent 18 in its casing, and the moisture adsorbent 16 is viewed in the flow direction of the azeotropic refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation path 2. It is positioned immediately upstream of the oxygen adsorbent 18.

図２は、酸素吸着剤１８における酸素(O２)及び窒素（Ｎ２）の吸着特性を示す。図２から明らかなように、酸素吸着剤１８は窒素に比べて酸素を急速に吸着し、酸素吸着剤として優れたものである。
上述した冷凍装置の作動中、冷媒が吸着ユニット１４を通過する際、冷媒に水分や酸素が含まれていても、これら水分及び酸素は水分吸着剤１６及び酸素吸着剤１８によりそれぞれ吸着され、冷媒から除去される。 FIG. 2 shows the adsorption characteristics of oxygen (O 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) in the oxygen adsorbent 18. As is apparent from FIG. 2, the oxygen adsorbent 18 adsorbs oxygen more rapidly than nitrogen and is excellent as an oxygen adsorbent.
During the operation of the refrigeration apparatus, when the refrigerant passes through the adsorption unit 14, even if the refrigerant contains moisture or oxygen, the moisture and oxygen are adsorbed by the moisture adsorbent 16 and the oxygen adsorbent 18, respectively. Removed from.

従って、冷媒の成分であるトリフルオロヨウ化メチル(CF3I)と水分との間での下式(1)の反応は抑制されることになる。
CF3I＋２H２Ｏ → HI＋CO２＋３HF …(1)
従って、冷媒中のヨウ化水素(HI)の発生が低減されることから、ヨウ化水素や酸素の存在に起因する下式(2),(3)の反応もまた阻止又は低減される。 Therefore, the reaction of the following formula (1) between trifluoromethyl iodide (CF 3 I), which is a refrigerant component, and moisture is suppressed.
CF 3 I + 2H 2 O → HI + CO 2 + 3HF (1)
Accordingly, since the generation of hydrogen iodide (HI) in the refrigerant is reduced, the reactions of the following formulas (2) and (3) due to the presence of hydrogen iodide and oxygen are also prevented or reduced.

Fe＋２HI → FeI２＋H２ …(2)
２Cu＋４HI＋O２ → ２CuI２＋２H２Ｏ …(3)
この結果、冷媒循環経路２に介挿されている圧縮機４等の回路機器や部品を構成する鉄系材料や銅系材料がヨウ素により腐食されてしまうのを阻止でき、冷凍装置の作動上の信頼性のみならず、その耐久性をも向上させることができる。 Fe + 2HI → FeI 2 + H 2 ... (2)
2Cu + 4HI + O 2 → 2CuI 2 + 2H 2 O (3)
As a result, iron-based materials and copper-based materials constituting circuit devices and parts such as the compressor 4 inserted in the refrigerant circulation path 2 can be prevented from being corroded by iodine, and the operation of the refrigeration apparatus can be prevented. Not only the reliability but also the durability can be improved.

本発明は上述の実施例に制約されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。
例えば、図１中、２点鎖線で示されているように吸着ユニット１４は、冷媒循環経路２において、蒸発器１０と圧縮機４との間の低圧経路部分に配置されていてもよく、この場合にも、水分吸着剤１６が酸素吸着剤１８の直上流に位置付けられていることは言うまでもない。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
For example, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, the adsorption unit 14 may be disposed in a low-pressure path portion between the evaporator 10 and the compressor 4 in the refrigerant circulation path 2. In this case, it goes without saying that the moisture adsorbent 16 is positioned immediately upstream of the oxygen adsorbent 18.

また、水分吸着剤１６及び酸素吸着剤１８は必ずしも吸着ユニット１４としてモジュール化されている必要はなく、冷媒循環経路２に水分吸着剤１６及び酸素吸着剤１８を分離して配置することも可能である。   In addition, the moisture adsorbent 16 and the oxygen adsorbent 18 are not necessarily modularized as the adsorption unit 14, and the moisture adsorbent 16 and the oxygen adsorbent 18 can be separately arranged in the refrigerant circulation path 2. is there.

一実施例の冷凍装置を示した概略構成図である。It is the schematic block diagram which showed the freezing apparatus of one Example. 図１の酸素吸着剤が有する酸素及び窒素の吸着特性を示したグラフである。It is the graph which showed the adsorption | suction characteristic of oxygen and nitrogen which the oxygen adsorbent of FIG. 1 has.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２ 冷媒循環経路
４ 圧縮機
６ 凝縮器
８ 膨張弁
１０ 蒸発器
１４ 吸着ユニット（酸素吸着器）
１６ 水分吸着剤
１８ 酸素吸着剤 2 Refrigerant circulation path 4 Compressor 6 Condenser 8 Expansion valve 10 Evaporator 14 Adsorption unit (oxygen adsorber)
16 Moisture absorbent 18 Oxygen adsorbent

Claims (6)

圧縮機から凝縮器を経て膨張弁に至る高圧経路部分及び前記膨張弁から蒸発器を経て前記圧縮機に至る低圧経路部分を有し、ヨウ素成分を含み且つ地球温暖化係数が１５０以下の冷媒が封入された冷媒循環経路と、
前記冷媒循環経路に介挿され、前記冷媒中の水分を吸着する水分吸着器と、
前記冷媒循環経路に挿入され、前記冷媒中の酸素を吸着する酸素吸着器と
を備えることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 A refrigerant having a high-pressure path portion from the compressor to the expansion valve through the condenser and a low-pressure path portion from the expansion valve through the evaporator to the compressor and containing an iodine component and having a global warming potential of 150 or less. An enclosed refrigerant circulation path;
A moisture adsorber interposed in the refrigerant circulation path to adsorb moisture in the refrigerant;
A refrigerating apparatus comprising: an oxygen adsorber that is inserted into the refrigerant circulation path and adsorbs oxygen in the refrigerant. 前記水分吸着器は前記酸素吸着器の直上流に位置付けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の冷凍装置。   The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the moisture adsorber is positioned immediately upstream of the oxygen adsorber. 前記冷媒は、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロプロペン及びトリフルオロヨウ化メチルを含む共沸冷媒であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の冷凍装置。   The refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the refrigerant is an azeotropic refrigerant containing 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene and methyl trifluoroiodide. 前記酸素吸着器は、前記冷媒循環経路の前記高圧経路部分において、前記凝縮器と前記膨張弁との間に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜３の何れかに記載の冷凍装置。   The refrigeration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxygen adsorber is disposed between the condenser and the expansion valve in the high-pressure path portion of the refrigerant circulation path. . 前記酸素吸着器は、前記冷媒循環経路の前記低圧経路部分において、前記蒸発器と前記圧縮機との間に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜３の何れかに記載の冷凍装置。   The refrigeration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxygen adsorber is disposed between the evaporator and the compressor in the low-pressure path portion of the refrigerant circulation path. . 前記酸素吸着器は分子篩であることを特徴とする請求項１〜５の何れかに記載の冷凍装置。   The refrigeration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oxygen adsorber is a molecular sieve.
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