JP2007312756A - Apparatus for exterminating parasite and bacterium in seed of garlic and seed of agricultural product, which has heat pipe- ultrasonic wave generator and exterminating technique thereof - Google Patents

Apparatus for exterminating parasite and bacterium in seed of garlic and seed of agricultural product, which has heat pipe- ultrasonic wave generator and exterminating technique thereof Download PDF

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JP2007312756A
JP2007312756A JP2006170656A JP2006170656A JP2007312756A JP 2007312756 A JP2007312756 A JP 2007312756A JP 2006170656 A JP2006170656 A JP 2006170656A JP 2006170656 A JP2006170656 A JP 2006170656A JP 2007312756 A JP2007312756 A JP 2007312756A
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garlic
seed
seeds
exterminating
bacteria
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Yukio Harada
幸雄 原田
Hidehiko Noda
英彦 野田
Kazuhiro Matsugashira
和弘 松頭
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TOTAL KK
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TOTAL KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method by which parasites and bacteria on the surface and the interior of seeds of garlic and seeds, etc., of agricultural products, etc., which cannot be exterminated by using any conventional methods can effectively be exterminated in a short time with saved energy by using an apparatus according to the through-put. <P>SOLUTION: Ultrasonic waves are effectively made to function and a temperature, a humidity and an air conditioning treatments based on a prescribed rule are performed to thereby kill the parasites and bacteria in the interior and exterior of the seeds of the garlic and the seeds, etc., of the agricultural products by solidification of proteins and exterminate the parasites and bacteria by sterilizing actions of the ultrasonic waves. The treatments at a throughput of a small amount of about (10 kg) to a large amount (8,000 kg) can be carried out and the apparatus can be installed according to the use. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

発明の目的Object of the invention

本発明は、にんにく及び農産物種子の健全な育成を阻害する大きな要因の、寄生虫(イモクサレセンチュウ等)、及びフェザリウム等の病害虫及び細菌の駆除を、にんにく及び農産物の生命体を傷つけずに、内部、外部より同時に防除し、にんにく及び農産物の生産性を従来方法より、高めることを目的とした装置である。またにんにくにおいては長期保存における保全性を高め歩留まりを向上させる目的も含むものとする。さらに農産物種子においては、水分調整の必要がないため省エネルギーの種子消毒法となる。The present invention is a major factor that hinders the healthy growth of garlic and agricultural seeds, parasites (such as immense nematodes), and pests and other pests and bacteria, without damaging garlic and agricultural products. It is a device that aims to increase the productivity of garlic and agricultural products from the conventional method by controlling from inside and outside at the same time. In addition, the purpose of garlic is to increase the maintainability in long-term storage and improve the yield. Furthermore, for agricultural seeds, there is no need for moisture adjustment, so this is an energy-saving seed disinfection method.

技術背景Technical background

ニンニクの生産地では、寄生虫(イモグサレセンチュウ)及びフェザリウム等細菌による被害が、生産したニンニクの2割に達する場合もあり、センチュウ及び細菌を効果的に駆除することで、販売価格の維持と種子の健全育成による効果で、収益を大きく向上させることが期待できる。
現在のセンチュウ及び細菌の駆除法は熱的処理、および薬品による処理がある。熱処理は収穫後初期乾燥を施した後の8日以内に50℃の雰囲気で6〜12時間乾燥させることでセンチュウ及び細菌の駆除を図っている。タンパク質が固化する温度に保つことにより、センチュウを駆除することができる。しかし、乾燥機内の温度管理は難しく、従来のブロアー式装置では、50℃の雰囲気を全域に保つことは不可能で、一部は低温に、一部は高温になりやすかった。そのため一部低温の状態になるところのセンチュウ及び細菌は生き残ることになり、高温の状態になるところは、ニンニク自体が熱的ダメージで高温障害を受け死滅することになる。さらに、高温に対する耐性を持つセンチュウもいることから、処理後の完全な根絶は抑えられない状況にあり、処理したニンニクの1〜2割に、被害が出て製品出荷できない場合や種子として使用できないことがある。また別の処理方法に、温水に一定時間浸して駆除する方法も用いられ効果は有効とされているが、処理後のにんにく球周辺の滞留水分の調整にかなりの時間とコストがかかることから現在はあまり用いられていない。一方、薬品処理は、ベンレートT水和剤による種子消毒は有効で現在はこの方法が種子消毒の主流の技術ではあるが、内部の寄生虫、菌類には効果が及ばない。土壌の消毒には、ダゾメット剤による消毒、あるいはクロルピクリン剤による消毒、等で処理する方法が挙げられているが、いずれの方法もセンチュウ及び細菌を根絶することはできていない。
一部にでもこのセンチュウの存在がにんにく市場において確認されると市場は混乱し、風説被害で市況は下がり、センチュウの発生を壊滅させることが急務とされている。
また、その他、農産物においてもあらゆる方法で種子の寄生虫及び細菌を駆除する方法を模索しているが、現在のところにんにく内部及び表面の省エネルギーで短時間に処理できる技術は確立されていない。
In garlic production areas, the damage caused by parasites (imogusaresenchu) and bacteria such as fezarium may reach 20% of the produced garlic. By effectively eliminating nematodes and bacteria, maintenance of selling prices and seed It can be expected that profits will be greatly improved by the effects of sound training.
Current nematode and bacterial control methods include thermal treatment and chemical treatment. The heat treatment is intended to control nematodes and bacteria by drying for 6 to 12 hours in an atmosphere at 50 ° C. within 8 days after initial drying after harvesting. The nematode can be controlled by maintaining the temperature at which the protein solidifies. However, it is difficult to control the temperature in the dryer, and with a conventional blower-type apparatus, it is impossible to keep the atmosphere at 50 ° C. throughout, and some of the temperature tends to be low and some is likely to be high. For this reason, nematodes and bacteria that are partially in a low temperature state will survive, and in places where the temperature is high, the garlic itself will be damaged due to high temperature damage due to thermal damage. In addition, since some nematodes have resistance to high temperatures, complete eradication after treatment cannot be suppressed, and when 10 to 20% of the treated garlic is damaged and cannot be shipped, it cannot be used as a seed. Sometimes. Another treatment method is a method of immersing in hot water for a certain period of time, and the effect is effective, but it takes a considerable amount of time and cost to adjust the residual moisture around the garlic sphere after treatment. Is not used much. On the other hand, in the chemical treatment, seed disinfection with benrate T wettable powder is effective, and at present, this method is the mainstream technique of seed disinfection, but it has no effect on internal parasites and fungi. For disinfection of soil, there are methods such as disinfection with a dazomet agent or disinfection with a chloropicrin agent, but none of the methods can eradicate nematodes and bacteria.
When the existence of this nematode is confirmed in the garlic market, the market will be confused, the market situation will drop due to rumor, and the occurrence of nematode will be urgently required.
In addition, other methods are also being sought for extinguishing seed parasites and bacteria in agricultural products, but no technology has been established that can be processed in a short time with energy saving inside and on the surface of garlic.

農産物分野Agricultural products

1950年代および1960年代において、熱水処理が、オオムギおよびコムギにおける裸黒穂病を防除するための消毒方法として用いられた。該処理は、次の通りであった(Persson,1990)。
−種子が約3時間水中に浸漬された。
−この種子が拾い上げられ、そして水切りされた。
−コムギは53℃の水中にそしてオオムギは51℃の水中に5分間置かれた。
−この種子が冷却のために冷水に5分間移された。
−この種子が乾燥された。
この記載された消毒方法は非常に骨の折れるものであり、そして主として二つの理由のために新しい化学的種子処理剤により競争から追いやられた。この公知の熱水処理方法は一方では不確かな効果を与えた、他方ではとりわけ処理後の種子を乾燥するのに費用がかかる故コスト高であった。
穀類種子の熱水処理についての実験は、オオムギにおける裸黒穂病(Ustilago nuda)、縞葉枯病(Drechslera graminea)
および網斑病(Drechslera teres)、コムギにおける裸黒穂病(Ustilago tritici)、雪腐れ病(Microdochium nivale)、葉頴汚斑病(Stagonosporanodorum)および黄斑点病(Drechslera tritici−repentis)、カラスムギにおける裸黒穂病(Ustilago avenae)および縞葉枯病(Drechslera avenae)並びにライムギにおける雪腐れ病に対して良好な効果を示した(Bergman,1993、1994、1996a、1996b)。しかしながら、この研究において、大きな問題は、処理後の穀粒を乾燥するための高いコストであった。水分率は、処理後50%を越え得る。
穀粒は、それらが劣化なしで貯蔵されるために15%未満の水分率まで乾燥されねばならない。熱水処理後の種子の乾燥のためのコストを避けるために乾燥熱空気もまた試験されたが、しかし不十分な結果であった。マイクロ波処理もまた試験されたが、しかし成功しなかった。これについての説明は、マイクロ波での処理により熱が種子内部(感受性の高い胚が局在している)で発生するが、たいていの病原体は比較的熱が発生しない粒の表面にいるということであり得る。水蒸気もまた実験において試験されたが、しかし温度が高いことにより、病原体に対する効果が得られる温度と発芽に対する有害な効果が認められる温度の間の温度差が小さかった。先行技術に関して、DD217407、DD297333、EP0196464、EP0622085、GB1535926、GB2150803、FR1260436、JP58111667、SU422368、SU760905およびUS4633611もまた参照される。また001−513658も確認されるが、表面の細菌は駆除するものの、内部のセンチュウ及び細菌の駆除は難しくにんにくなど固体が大きくなればなるほど困難である。
In the 1950s and 1960s, hot water treatment was used as a disinfecting method to control naked smut in barley and wheat. The treatment was as follows (Persson, 1990).
-Seeds were immersed in water for about 3 hours.
-The seed was picked up and drained.
-Wheat was placed in 53 ° C water and barley in 51 ° C water for 5 minutes.
-The seeds were transferred to cold water for 5 minutes for cooling.
-The seed was dried.
This described disinfection method is very laborious and has been driven out of competition by new chemical seed treatments mainly for two reasons. This known hydrothermal treatment method gave an uncertain effect on the one hand, and on the other hand was costly due to the expense of drying the seed after treatment.
Experiments on hydrothermal treatment of cereal seeds include Barley Stalk (Ustilago nuda), Stripe Blight (Drechslera graminea) in barley
And net blotch disease (Drechsulara teres), naked scab disease in wheat (Ustilago tritici), snow rot (Microdochium nirvale), leaf blight (Stagonosporanidorum) and yellow spot disease (Drechsulari trichomes) It showed a good effect on the disease (Ustilago avenae) and stripe blight (Drechsella avenae) and snow rot in rye (Bergman, 1993, 1994, 1996a, 1996b). However, the major problem in this study was the high cost of drying the processed grain. The moisture content can exceed 50% after treatment.
Kernels must be dried to a moisture content of less than 15% in order for them to be stored without degradation. Dry hot air was also tested to avoid the cost for drying seeds after hydrothermal treatment, but with inadequate results. Microwave treatment was also tested but was not successful. The explanation for this is that microwave treatment generates heat inside the seed (where sensitive embryos are localized), but most pathogens are on the surface of grains that do not generate heat. It can be. Water vapor was also tested in the experiment, but due to the high temperature, the temperature difference between the temperature at which an effect on the pathogen was obtained and the temperature at which a harmful effect on germination was observed was small. Regarding prior art, reference is also made to DD217407, DD297333, EP0196464, EP0622085, GB1535926, GB2150803, FR1260436, JP58111667, SU422368, SU760905 and US4633611. Although 001-513658 is also confirmed, the bacteria on the surface are controlled, but it is difficult to control the nematode and bacteria inside, and it is more difficult as the solid becomes larger, such as garlic.

課題を解決するための手段Means for solving the problem

上記課題を解決するために本発明を開発提供する。
この発明、開発は、超音波を発生させることの出来るヒートパイプを装置内に配置し、一定の法則(※ここでいう一定の法則の制御は常温以外の温度も含まれるものとする以下同様)に基く、温度、湿度処理を実行することより、にんにく及び農産物の種子等の内部に存在する寄生虫(センチュウ)及び表面に存在する菌類の効果的駆除を具現化することにより、上記の課題が解決される手段として一連の装置(図1)、と駆除方法を開発した。
この装置の特徴は、超音波を発生させながら、温度、湿度、空調を同時に管理できることが特徴である。更に近年超音波殺菌の技術も研究が進んでおり課題を解決する手段としてはかなり有効と考える。
参考までに宇都宮大学工学部応用化学科の研究の一部を抜粋し下記に述べる「超音波とは可聴周波領域を超える弾性波をいい、めがねの洗浄などはこの動力的応用の例です。たとえば、気体が溶解している水に20kHzの超音波を照射すると、空洞現象により小さな気泡を生じます。この空洞(キャビティー)が圧壊するとき、その機械的作用で懸濁している細胞が破壊され、殺菌されます。超音波照射により大腸菌細胞に穴が開いた結果を図3cに示しています。しかし、超音波照射のみでは殺菌効率が小さいため、この効率をさらに高める方法を模索しています」と記述されている。
この方式を用いることで、にんにく及び農産物種子等の品質及び固体の健全性を維持しつつ、健全育成に不要な、寄生虫及び細菌の駆除に大きな効果をもたらし、農業生産性、すなわち収穫量を現行の方法より向上させる画期的な方法である。また処理量は少量の(10kg)程度から大量(8000kg)までの処理を可能としており、用途に応じて装置の施設が可能である。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is developed and provided.
In this invention and development, a heat pipe capable of generating an ultrasonic wave is arranged in the apparatus, and a certain rule (* Control of a certain rule here includes temperatures other than room temperature, and so on) By implementing the temperature and humidity treatment based on the above, the above problem can be solved by embodying effective control of parasites (nematodes) present inside garlic and agricultural seeds and fungi existing on the surface. A series of devices (Fig. 1) and removal methods have been developed as a means to be solved.
A feature of this apparatus is that it can manage temperature, humidity and air conditioning simultaneously while generating ultrasonic waves. In recent years, research on ultrasonic sterilization technology has progressed, and it is considered to be quite effective as a means of solving the problems.
For reference, a part of the research in the Department of Applied Chemistry of Utsunomiya University is excerpted and described below. “Ultrasound is an elastic wave that exceeds the audio frequency range, and washing glasses is an example of this dynamic application. When water in which gas is dissolved is irradiated with ultrasonic waves of 20 kHz, small bubbles are generated due to the cavity phenomenon.When this cavity (cavity) is crushed, suspended cells are destroyed by its mechanical action, The result of puncturing E. coli cells by sonication is shown in Figure 3c, but since sterilization efficiency is small with sonication alone, we are looking for ways to increase this efficiency. is described.
By using this method, while maintaining the quality and solid health of garlic and agricultural seeds, it has a great effect on the elimination of parasites and bacteria that are not necessary for healthy growth, and the agricultural productivity, that is, the yield is reduced. This is an epoch-making method that improves on current methods. Further, the processing amount can be from a small amount (10 kg) to a large amount (8000 kg), and an apparatus facility can be provided depending on the application.

手段を使用したことの作用Effects of using the means

この超音波発生装置を装備した装置内部に、空調ファン及び温湿度センサーを設置し、一定法則に基き超音波、温度、湿度の空調管理を実行することより、にんにく及び農産物種子の健全育成が確保され、生産性、すなわち収穫量が極めて高くなること(20%の収穫増)が、4年間の実地テストで確認された。
現在、他の農産物でも同様の効果が確認され、もやし、カイワレ大根等でも効果が確認されている。
また、寄生虫、細菌の駆除によりにんにく製品の品質も劣化が防がれ、価格の維持にも寄与している。特に加工にんにくの保存にも効果があり、従来の方法では考えられなかった、寄生虫によるにんにく内部の空洞化による数量ダウンもほとんどなく、また菌類による腐れ、カビ等の被害も急激に減少している。
Air conditioning fans and temperature / humidity sensors are installed inside the equipment equipped with this ultrasonic generator, and air conditioning management of ultrasonic waves, temperature, and humidity is performed based on certain rules to ensure healthy growth of garlic and agricultural seeds. It was confirmed in a four-year field test that the productivity, i.e. the yield, was very high (20% increase in yield).
At present, similar effects have been confirmed for other agricultural products, and bean sprouts, radish, etc. have also been confirmed.
In addition, the quality of garlic products is prevented from being deteriorated by eliminating parasites and bacteria, which contributes to maintenance of prices. In particular, it is effective in preserving processed garlic, there is almost no decrease in quantity due to the hollowing out of garlic due to parasites, which could not be thought of by conventional methods, and the damage caused by fungi such as rot and fungi has been drastically reduced. Yes.

超音波にんにく及び農産物種子等処理装置の概略図  Schematic of ultrasonic garlic and agricultural seed processing equipment 超音波発生状態  Ultrasonic generation state

Claims (2)

ヒートパイプ超音波発生装置を起動させ、にんにくの種子及び農産物種子を内部及び外部より、センチュウ及び細菌を駆除し生産効率のよい種子を供給すると同時に保存性を高め歩留まりを向上させる装置の発明、及びその駆除技術。Invention of an apparatus for activating garlic seeds and agricultural seeds from inside and outside to supply nematodes and bacteria and supplying seeds with high production efficiency and at the same time improving storage and improving yield Its removal technology. ヒートパイプ超音波発生装置を起動しながらにんにくの種子及び農産物種子の、センチュウ及び細菌の駆除を簡易な方法仕組みで、大量及び少量でも省エネルギーで供出する方法を目的とした装置の発明、及びその駆除技術。Invention of a device aimed at a method of providing energy-saving, even in small and large quantities, with a simple method mechanism for removing garlic seeds and agricultural seeds while activating a heat pipe ultrasonic generator, and its removal Technology.
JP2006170656A 2006-05-23 2006-05-23 Apparatus for exterminating parasite and bacterium in seed of garlic and seed of agricultural product, which has heat pipe- ultrasonic wave generator and exterminating technique thereof Pending JP2007312756A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HRP20100454B1 (en) * 2010-08-14 2013-07-31 Stipan Orčić Device for ultrasonic treatment of land
JP2017143827A (en) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-24 有限会社トータル Heating extermination to eelworm being parasitic on root crop such as garlic and heat treatment apparatus enabling black garlic production

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HRP20100454B1 (en) * 2010-08-14 2013-07-31 Stipan Orčić Device for ultrasonic treatment of land
JP2017143827A (en) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-24 有限会社トータル Heating extermination to eelworm being parasitic on root crop such as garlic and heat treatment apparatus enabling black garlic production

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