JP2007308311A - Manufacturing method of activated carbon and activated carbon - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of activated carbon and activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、農水産物系の産業廃棄物を利用した活性炭の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing activated carbon using agricultural and marine product-based industrial waste.
従来、農水産物系の有機物質を主成分とする廃棄物は、農業、畜産業、漁業、食品加工業、外食産業等から排出される他、家庭の生ゴミ等として排出されている。
これらの廃棄物は窒素、有機物の含有率が高いため肥料、飼料として再利用されるが、その全てを処理することは困難であり、大部分は廃棄処理されているのが現状である。
また、これらの有機性廃棄物はいずれも高い含水率を有しているため消却処理も困難である。そして、廃棄物の運搬，廃棄場所は環境上の問題から種々の規制がされている。
そこで、このような有機性廃棄物を発酵処理して有効利用する技術として、特開２００１−３２１１６２号公報記載の技術が知られている。
These wastes are reused as fertilizer and feed because of their high content of nitrogen and organic matter, but it is difficult to treat all of them, and most of them are currently disposed of.
Moreover, since all of these organic wastes have a high water content, it is difficult to dispose them. In addition, various regulations are imposed on waste transportation and disposal sites due to environmental problems.
Therefore, a technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-321162 is known as a technique for effectively using such organic waste by fermentation.
ところで、活性炭はヤシ殻、木粉等の有機物を原材料として、水蒸気、二酸化炭素などによって賦活して製造されるが、この技術として特開平５−４３３４６号公報記載の技術が知られている。
そして、前記農水産物系の廃棄物はヤシ殻、木粉等と同様に有機物を含有する材料である。そこで、これらの廃棄物を原料に活性炭を製造することができれば、資源を有効利用できる。
本発明は係る従来の問題点を解決するためになされたものであって、その目的とするところは、従来廃棄処理されていた農水産物系廃棄物を利用して活性炭を製造し、資源を有効利用する活性炭の製造方法及び活性炭を提供することにある。
By the way, activated carbon is produced by using organic substances such as coconut shell and wood powder as raw materials and activated by water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc., and as this technique, a technique described in JP-A-5-43346 is known.
The agricultural and marine product-based waste is a material containing an organic substance, like coconut shells and wood flour. Therefore, if activated carbon can be produced using these wastes as raw materials, resources can be used effectively.
The present invention has been made in order to solve the conventional problems, and the object of the present invention is to produce activated carbon using agricultural and marine product wastes that have been disposed of in the past, and to effectively use resources. It is in providing the manufacturing method and activated carbon of the activated carbon to utilize.
前記目的を達成するための手段として、請求項１記載の活性炭の製造方法では、農水産物系の有機物質を主成分とする廃棄物を発酵処理し、その発酵処理後の材料を炭化・賦活することを特徴とする。
請求項２記載の活性炭の製造方法では、農水産物系の有機物質を主成分とする廃棄物に、菌糸体作物の培床を混入して発酵処理し、その発酵処理後の材料を炭化・賦活することを特徴とする。
請求項３記載の活性炭の製造方法では、農水産物系の有機物質を主成分とする含水率７０〜８０％の廃棄物に、重量比において１．５〜２．５倍の菌糸体作物の培床を混入して発酵処理し、その発酵処理後の材料を炭化・賦活することを特徴とする。
請求項４記載の活性炭の製造方法では、請求項１〜３いずれか記載の活性炭の製造方法において、活性炭の形状を立体成形体であるハニカム構造としている。
請求項５記載の活性炭は、請求項１〜４いずれか記載の方法によって得られる。
As a means for achieving the object, in the method for producing activated carbon according to claim 1, the waste mainly composed of agricultural and marine product organic substances is fermented, and the material after the fermenting is carbonized and activated. It is characterized by that.
In the method for producing activated carbon according to claim 2, the mycelium crop culture medium is mixed with the waste mainly composed of agricultural and marine product organic substances and fermented, and the material after the fermentation is carbonized and activated. It is characterized by doing.
In the method for producing activated carbon according to claim 3, cultivation of mycelium crops having a weight ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times on a waste having a water content of 70 to 80% mainly composed of organic substances of agricultural and marine products. It is characterized by mixing the floor and subjecting it to fermentation, and carbonizing and activating the material after the fermentation.
The method for producing activated carbon according to claim 4 is the method for producing activated carbon according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the activated carbon has a honeycomb structure which is a three-dimensional molded body.
The activated carbon according to claim 5 is obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
本発明では、前記構成を採用することにより、以下の効果が得られる。
従来廃棄処分されていた農水産物系の廃棄物を使用するので、資源を有効利用できる。
きのこ等の菌糸体作物培床を使用するので、発酵処理が促進されると共に、培床本体は高い吸収力を備えているので、水分含量の多い廃棄物であっても水分調整がなされ、発酵・乾燥を確実に行う。
また、含水率７０〜８０％の廃棄物に、重量比において１．５〜２．５倍の菌糸体作物の培床を混入するので、多量の培床が集中して発酵を行うと同時に、発酵による異臭を培床が吸収する。
活性炭の原料を菌糸が分解するため、材料が細分化され、活性炭に好適な微細空隙が形成される。
In this invention, the following effects are acquired by employ | adopting the said structure.
Since agricultural and marine products waste that has been disposed of in the past is used, resources can be used effectively.
Since the mycelium crop culture bed such as mushrooms is used, the fermentation process is promoted and the culture bed itself has a high absorbency, so even if it is a waste with a high water content, the water is adjusted and the fermentation is performed. -Make sure to dry.
Moreover, since the culture medium of mycelium crops of 1.5 to 2.5 times in weight ratio is mixed into the waste having a moisture content of 70 to 80%, a large amount of culture medium concentrates and performs fermentation. The culture bed absorbs the bad smell caused by fermentation.
Since the hypha decomposes the raw material of the activated carbon, the material is subdivided and fine voids suitable for the activated carbon are formed.
本発明を実施するための最良の形態を説明する。
本発明の活性炭の製造方法は、農水産物系の有機物質を主成分とする廃棄物を発酵処理し、それを炭化・賦活することによって製造する方法である。
農水産物系の有機物質としては、家庭の生ゴミ、農業、畜産業、漁業等の一次産業廃棄物、食品加工業、外食産業等の食材廃棄物等が使用される。
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
The method for producing activated carbon according to the present invention is a method for producing a waste material mainly composed of agricultural and marine product organic substances by fermentation, and carbonizing and activating it.
As organic products of agricultural and marine products, primary industrial waste such as household garbage, agriculture, livestock industry, and fishery, and food waste such as food processing industry and restaurant industry are used.
発酵処理に使用する菌体としては、きのこの栽培過程で生じる菌糸体作物培床を使用する。菌糸体作物の種類は特に限定されるものではないが、例えばきのこ、シメジ、エノキ、エリンギ、マイタケ等を使用する。
一般的にきのこ、エノキ等の容器栽培においては、空調機を利用したハウス栽培が行われるが、この栽培方法は、容器中に培床を充填し、栽培容器の上部を解放して菌床上面のみを露出させ、その他の部分は栽培容器として残し、容器内に給水しながら、菌床上面からのみ発生させる方法である。培床はふすま、米糠、豆皮、とうもろこしの芯、オガクズ粉等に菌体を植え付けて形成する。
容器栽培では、容器の上方に成長したきのこを収穫し、収穫後の容器中に培床が残されることになる。本発明はこの培床を使用するものである。
尚、培床は増殖させることも可能であり、この場合には、前記ふすま、米糠、豆皮、とうもろこしの芯、オガクズ粉等に、少量の培床を加えて温度、湿度等を好適に維持して全体に菌類を増殖させたものを使用する。
As the mycelium used for the fermentation treatment, a mycelium crop culture bed generated during the cultivation process of mushrooms is used. The type of mycelium crop is not particularly limited, and for example, mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, enoki, eringi, maitake, etc. are used.
Generally, in container cultivation of mushrooms, enoki, etc., house cultivation using an air conditioner is performed, but this cultivation method fills the culture bed in the container, releases the upper part of the cultivation container, and the upper surface of the fungus bed This is a method in which only the microbial bed is exposed, while the other portions are left as cultivation containers, and water is supplied into the container. The culture bed is formed by planting cells in bran, rice bran, soybean hulls, corn core, sawdust powder, etc.
In container cultivation, mushrooms grown above the container are harvested, and a culture bed is left in the container after harvesting. The present invention uses this culture bed.
The culture bed can be allowed to grow. In this case, a small amount of culture medium is added to the bran, rice bran, soybean hulls, corn core, sawdust powder, etc., and the temperature, humidity, etc. are suitably maintained. Then, use the one that has grown the fungus throughout.
農水産物系廃棄物の発酵に際しては、廃棄物と培床の重量比を（１：１．５）〜（１：２．５）の範囲内、好ましくは廃棄物の重量の２倍程度の培床を混合し、撹拌しながら通気性を確保して発酵させる。
発酵時には発酵物の温度が５０〜７０℃に達し、同時に水分が蒸発して乾燥が行われる。また、外気温の状況、発酵物の量により温度が不足する場合に、別途ヒータ等により加熱を行う。乾燥後の水分量は２５〜３５重量％にすることが好ましい。
本発明では、発酵により脱水作用が得られると共に、発酵時の臭気を培床が吸収するため消臭作用も発揮する。
When fermenting agricultural and marine product waste, the weight ratio of waste to the culture bed is within the range of (1: 1.5) to (1: 2.5), preferably about twice the weight of the waste. Mix the floor and ferment with stirring to ensure air permeability.
At the time of fermentation, the temperature of the fermented product reaches 50 to 70 ° C., and at the same time, moisture is evaporated and drying is performed. In addition, when the temperature is insufficient due to the outside air temperature and the amount of fermented material, heating is separately performed with a heater or the like. The water content after drying is preferably 25 to 35% by weight.
In the present invention, a dehydrating action is obtained by fermentation, and a deodorizing action is also exhibited because the culture bed absorbs the odor during fermentation.
前記発酵処理を行った後に、発酵物をロータリキルン、定置炉等に搬入して炭化・賦活処理を行う。
炭化は不活性雰囲気下で行う。非酸化性雰囲気とは、例えば、Ａｒガス、Ｈｅガス、Ｎ２ガス、ハロゲンガス、アンモニアガス、ＣＯガス、水素ガス、あるいはこれらの混合ガス、水性ガス等をいう。炭化のための温度は、好ましくは、５００℃〜１２００℃、特に６００〜９００℃の範囲が好ましい。
After performing the fermentation treatment, the fermented product is carried into a rotary kiln, a stationary furnace or the like, and subjected to carbonization / activation treatment.
Carbonization is performed in an inert atmosphere. The non-oxidizing atmosphere refers to, for example, Ar gas, He gas, N 2 gas, halogen gas, ammonia gas, CO gas, hydrogen gas, or a mixed gas or water gas thereof. The temperature for carbonization is preferably in the range of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C, particularly 600 to 900 ° C.
以上のようにして得られた炭素多孔体は、更に賦活処理を施して活性化する。賦活工程は、炭化工程に連続していてもよいし、炭化工程と別個の工程としてもよい。炭素多孔体の賦活は炭素多孔体を酸化性ガス、または酸化性ガスと不活性ガスとの混合気体の雰囲気下で加熱して行われる。 The carbon porous body obtained as described above is further activated by activation treatment. The activation process may be continuous with the carbonization process, or may be a separate process from the carbonization process. The carbon porous body is activated by heating the carbon porous body in an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas or a mixed gas of an oxidizing gas and an inert gas.
重合体を賦活するための酸化性ガスとしては、公知の酸化性ガス、例えば、空気、水蒸気、炭酸ガス、水性ガス等を採用することができる。重合体を炭化、賦活して、活性炭を製造する際の温度としては、賦活ガスの種類、濃度にもよるが、通常は６００ないし１２００℃、好ましくは７５０ないし１０００℃の範囲が採用される。 As the oxidizing gas for activating the polymer, a known oxidizing gas, for example, air, water vapor, carbon dioxide gas, water gas or the like can be employed. The temperature at which activated carbon is produced by carbonizing and activating the polymer is usually 600 to 1200 ° C., preferably 750 to 1000 ° C., although it depends on the type and concentration of the activation gas.
以下、具体的実施例を説明する。
第１実施例に係る活性炭の製造方法は家庭の生ゴミを原料として活性炭を製造する方法である。
一般家庭の含水率７０％程度の生ゴミ１０００ｇに、きのこの菌糸培床２０００ｇを加えて混合し、数日間撹拌を行いながら、常温にて発酵させる。
発酵により重量が２２００ｇ、含水率が２８％まで減少し、生ゴミに菌糸による微細空隙が形成される。
これらの材料２２００ｇを賦活剤と共に加熱炉で炭化・賦活処理を行い活性炭６６０ｇを得た。
製造された活性炭は、直径０．４ｎｍ以下から、直径２５ｎｍ以上の大小さまざまな無数の微細孔を有する多孔質状の物質であり、１ｇ当たり１０００ｍ２前後の表面積を有していた。
Hereinafter, specific examples will be described.
The method for producing activated carbon according to the first embodiment is a method for producing activated carbon using household garbage as a raw material.
To 1000 g of raw garbage with a moisture content of about 70% in a general household, 2000 g of mushroom mycelium culture medium is added and mixed, and fermented at room temperature while stirring for several days.
Fermentation reduces the weight to 2200 g and the water content to 28%, and microscopic voids are formed in the raw garbage.
2200 g of these materials were carbonized and activated in a heating furnace together with an activator to obtain 660 g of activated carbon.
The produced activated carbon is a porous substance having an infinite number of fine pores having a diameter of 0.4 nm or less and a diameter of 25 nm or more, and has a surface area of about 1000 m 2 per gram.
第２実施例に係る活性炭の製造方法は農業における廃棄果実を原料として活性炭を製造する方法である。
含水率８０％程度の廃棄みかん５００ｇに、きのこの菌糸培床１０００ｇを加えて混合し、数日間撹拌を行いながら、常温にて発酵させる。
発酵により重量が１１００ｇ、含水率が３０％まで減少し、生ゴミに菌糸による微細空隙が形成される。
これらの材料１１００ｇを炭酸カリウムと練り合わせた。これを窒素流通下の管型反応器内で昇温速度１０℃／分で８００℃まで昇温し、その温度で１時間保持した。その後、窒素流通下で室温まで冷却して炭化物を取り出した。その炭化物を熱水で洗浄して３３０ｇの活性炭を得た。
The method for producing activated carbon according to the second embodiment is a method for producing activated carbon using waste fruits in agriculture as a raw material.
1000 g of mushroom mycelium medium is added to and mixed with 500 g of waste oranges with a water content of about 80%, and fermented at room temperature with stirring for several days.
Fermentation reduces the weight to 1100 g and the water content to 30%, and microscopic voids are formed in the raw garbage.
1100 g of these materials were kneaded with potassium carbonate. This was heated up to 800 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in a tubular reactor under nitrogen flow, and kept at that temperature for 1 hour. Then, it cooled to room temperature under nitrogen circulation and took out the carbide | carbonized_material. The carbide was washed with hot water to obtain 330 g of activated carbon.
第３実施例はハニカム構造体の活性炭についての製造方法である。
一般家庭の含水率７０％程度の生ゴミ８００ｇに、きのこの菌糸培床１２００ｇを加えて混合し、数日間撹拌を行いながら、常温にて発酵させる。
発酵により重量が１４００ｇ、含水率が２８％まで減少し、生ゴミに菌糸による微細空隙が形成される。
これらの材料に適量の有機質成型助剤（マンナン等）と炭化付与剤等を添加して真空押出し成型機等により所定の形状に成型し、多数の貫通孔を有するハニカム構造体に成型する。次に得られた成型体を温度７０〜９０℃、湿度８０〜９０％で乾燥させ、次いで５００〜６００℃の温度範囲で焼成して炭化をした後、７００〜１０００℃の温度で水蒸気賦活することで、細孔構造を有する活性炭ハニカム構造体が得られた。
The third embodiment is a manufacturing method for activated carbon having a honeycomb structure.
To 800 g of raw garbage having a moisture content of about 70% in a general household, add 1200 g of mushroom mycelium culture medium, and ferment at room temperature while stirring for several days.
Fermentation reduces the weight to 1400 g and the water content to 28%, and microscopic voids are formed in the raw garbage.
Appropriate amounts of an organic forming aid (such as mannan) and a carbonizing agent are added to these materials and formed into a predetermined shape using a vacuum extrusion molding machine or the like, and formed into a honeycomb structure having a large number of through holes. Next, the obtained molded body was dried at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. and a humidity of 80 to 90%, then calcined by carbonization at a temperature range of 500 to 600 ° C., and then steam activated at a temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. Thus, an activated carbon honeycomb structure having a pore structure was obtained.
以上、実施例を説明したが、本発明の具体的な構成は前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。
Although the embodiments have been described above, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and design changes and the like within a scope not departing from the gist of the invention are included in the present invention.
Claims (5)
Activated carbon obtained by the method according to claim 1.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9064143B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2015-06-23 | Ge Healthcare Uk Limited | System and method for determining motion of a biological object |
| CN111362265A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-07-03 | 太原理工大学 | VOCs adsorbent prepared from hypha solid waste resources and coal and preparation method thereof |
| JP2021066629A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-30 | 時空化学株式会社 | Biological material-derived hard carbon, negative electrode material, negative electrode, and alkali ion battery |
| KR102362474B1 (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-02-14 | 박윤기 | Apparatus and method for manufacturing activated carbon |
-
2006
- 2006-05-16 JP JP2006136221A patent/JP2007308311A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9064143B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2015-06-23 | Ge Healthcare Uk Limited | System and method for determining motion of a biological object |
| JP2021066629A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-30 | 時空化学株式会社 | Biological material-derived hard carbon, negative electrode material, negative electrode, and alkali ion battery |
| JP7436969B2 (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2024-02-22 | 時空化学株式会社 | Hard carbon derived from biological materials, anode materials, anodes, and alkaline ion batteries |
| CN111362265A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-07-03 | 太原理工大学 | VOCs adsorbent prepared from hypha solid waste resources and coal and preparation method thereof |
| CN111362265B (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2022-02-25 | 太原理工大学 | VOCs adsorbent prepared from hypha solid waste resources and coal and preparation method thereof |
| KR102362474B1 (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-02-14 | 박윤기 | Apparatus and method for manufacturing activated carbon |
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