JP2007298225A - Gasification combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small and inexpensive gasification combustion apparatus having superior environmental protection characteristics by almost completely gasifying even solid fuel with high moisture content without pretreatment such as drying, and preventing exhaust of soot, dust, dioxin, or the like, capable of obtaining fuel gas by using pyrolysis reaction, water gas reaction, or the like, capable of preventing troubles accompanying tar by burning tar, soot, dust or the like in the fuel gas, and having high energy efficiency by carrying out reforming of combustible gas by using sensible heat. <P>SOLUTION: The gasification combustion apparatus is provided with a vertical type gasification chamber 2, a particle layer 9 laid on a hearth 8 of the gasification furnace 2, a hearth gas supply part 11 embedded in the particle layer 9, a blower 13 connected to the hearth gas supply part 11, a pyrolysis chamber 15 communicated via a combustible gas passage 14 of a lower part side of the gasification chamber 2, and a reforming reaction pipe 24 arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 15 and introduced with the combustible gas formed in the gasification chamber 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to incineration of solid fuel such as industrial waste such as biomass fuel and municipal waste, and a gasification combustion apparatus that gasifies solid fuel to generate fuel gas.

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, waste power generation technology has been developed in which industrial waste such as municipal waste or biomass fuel is incinerated or pyrolyzed / gasified, and the waste heat or recovered fuel gas is used to generate power.
As a conventional technique, (Patent Document 1) states that “a solid fuel is carbonized by dry distillation to generate a dry distillation gas by pyrolysis, and a solid fuel is continuously or intermittently supplied to the dry distillation gas generation furnace. A dry distillation gas comprising: a solid fuel supply means to be charged; a reforming furnace for reforming a dry distillation gas generated in the dry distillation gas generating furnace; and a reforming hot air generator for blowing high temperature air into the reforming furnace The generation system "is disclosed.
(Patent Document 2) states that “a vertical gas generation furnace in which a combustion layer and a reduction layer are formed in order from the top, an air supply unit that supplies heated air to the combustion layer, and a nichrome wire formed in the combustion layer. A biomass gas production apparatus comprising: an ignition member disposed in the gas generator; and a cyclone that is connected to the gas generation furnace and removes dust generated in the reduction layer.
(Patent Document 3) “A vertical gas generator in which a plurality of combustion layers and reduction layers are formed in order from the top, an air supply unit that supplies heated air to the plurality of combustion layers, and a nichrome wire. A biomass gas production apparatus including a plurality of ignition members disposed in the plurality of combustion layers is disclosed.
JP 2004-115576 A JP 2003-238972 A JP 2005-89519 A

However, the above conventional techniques have the following problems.
(1) The technology disclosed in (Patent Document 1) has a reforming high-temperature air generating device that blows high-temperature air into a reforming furnace, and a part of the fuel gas generated by this system is used as the high-temperature air. Since it is generated by burning and heating air, energy and electric power are consumed, and there is a problem that energy that can be supplied to the outside of the system by this system decreases and energy utilization rate decreases.
(2) Since it has solid fuel supply means for continuously or intermittently charging solid fuel into the dry distillation gas generator, troubles such as clogging of solid fuel into the solid fuel supply means are likely to occur, and the system operates. The problem was that the rate was likely to decrease.
(3) In the technique disclosed in (Patent Document 2), since the gas generated in the reducing layer contains a large amount of tar, when the gas is cooled by a cyclone or the like, Since liquefaction occurs and the viscosity is strong, troubles due to adhesion and blockage are likely to occur, and there is a problem that the operating rate of the apparatus is lowered or the apparatus cannot be operated.
(4) Since the technology disclosed in (Patent Document 3) includes a plurality of combustion layers, the tar contained in the gas generated in the upper combustion layer is oxidized and decomposed in the lower combustion layer, thereby containing tar. A small amount of gas can be produced. However, there is a problem that a large-sized air supply unit for supplying heated air to a plurality of combustion layers is required, and the apparatus is increased in size.
(5) In the technologies disclosed in (Patent Document 1) to (Patent Document 3), the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel flows directly downstream of the apparatus, so that it operates stably after the apparatus is started. In order to prevent the low-grade gas generated until the release to the atmosphere, the flare stack that burns and processes the low-grade gas generated until stable operation, and the equipment operates stably and combustible Once the gas is obtained, a switching valve is needed to prevent combustible gas from being introduced into the flare stack. For this reason, there has been a problem that the apparatus is increased in size, and tar is attached to the switching valve of the flare stack and is likely to be clogged and trouble is likely to occur.

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and solid fuel such as biomass fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be dried by combustion heat, so that solid fuel with a high water content also leaves almost no unburned residue. It is possible to gasify, reduce energy loss related to pretreatment such as pre-drying the solid fuel, and can be automated and unmanned, and is highly reliable. It can be eliminated by pyrolysis, it can prevent the emission of dust and the like outside the system, and it is excellent in environmental conservation, and the combustible gas is reformed to carbon monoxide and hydrogen using thermal decomposition reaction and water gas reaction. Fuel gas can be obtained, and tar and dust in the fuel gas can be thermally decomposed and lost, so that troubles associated with tar can be prevented, and sensible heat can be used to reform combustible gas, etc. The line And to provide an inexpensive gasification combustion apparatus compact high energy utilization to prevent the decrease of energy that can be supplied to the outside suppressing system loss of energy and power by.

In order to solve the above conventional problems, the gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention has the following configuration.
The gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a vertical gasification chamber, a particle layer laid on the hearth of the gasification chamber, and a hearth gas supply embedded in the particle layer , A blower connected to the hearth gas supply unit, a combustion chamber communicated via a combustible gas passage on the lower side of the gasification chamber, and a reforming reaction tube disposed in the combustion chamber And a configuration provided with.
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the hearth gas supply unit is embedded in the particle layer laid on the hearth of the vertical gasification chamber, and combustion air is supplied from the hearth gas supply unit, By simply filling the gasification chamber with the solid fuel and igniting the solid fuel near the particle layer, the solid fuel can be combusted and gasified from the particle layer side, and the trouble of quenching during operation hardly occurs.
(2) Combustion air and the like are supplied from the entire surface of the particle layer laid on the hearth of the gasification chamber, so that the combustion proceeds uniformly without the blow-through phenomenon that is a defect of the grate, so that the unburned residue is reduced. It can be gasified and burned with almost no residue.
(3) The upper solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be dried by the combustion heat of the lower solid fuel, and the moisture content of livestock, raw garbage, disposable diapers, livestock manure such as chicken, sludge, etc. A solid fuel having a (wet base) of 40% or more can also be gasified.
(4) The gasification chamber is provided with a combustion chamber communicating with the lower side of the gasification chamber, and a reforming reaction tube that is disposed in the combustion chamber and into which the combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber is introduced. The reforming reaction tube and combustion chamber can be heated using the sensible heat of gas in the combustion chamber, so that the dust in the exhaust gas can be thermally decomposed and eliminated in the combustion chamber. Can be prevented. Also, combustible gas such as hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide generated in the gasification chamber, unreacted carbon, water vapor, etc. are introduced into the reforming reaction tube, and reformed to carbon monoxide and hydrogen using water gas reaction etc. Thus, the fuel gas can be obtained, and the tar in the fuel gas can be thermally decomposed, and troubles associated with the tar can be prevented.
(5) Since the reforming reaction tube and the combustion chamber can be heated using gas sensible heat in the gasification chamber, a part of the generated and purified fuel gas is burned or heated using electric power. Therefore, it is possible to suppress energy loss and prevent a decrease in energy that can be supplied outside the system.
(6) The solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber is combusted and gasified, so that the gasification chamber becomes deficient in oxygen and easily becomes a reducing atmosphere, so that the production of dioxins can be almost completely prevented.

  Here, as the gasification chamber, one having a cross section cut in the horizontal direction formed into a rectangular shape, a rectangular shape, a hexagonal shape, an octagonal shape such as an octagonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape or the like is used.

Particles constituting the particle layer include crushed stones such as gravel, granulated stones such as pumice, slag such as incinerated ash, blast furnace slag, etc., having an average particle size of 3 to 50 mm, preferably 5 to 20 mm. One kind or plural kinds of inorganic particles such as refractory brick waste, refractory particles and coke are used.
As the average particle size of the particles becomes smaller than 5 mm, the pressure loss when aeration of the particle layer is large and the air permeability is lowered, and the dispersion effect of the aeration is small and the combustion efficiency on the particle layer tends to be reduced, As it becomes larger than 20 mm, the heat insulating property decreases and the heat loss increases, and incineration ash and the like tend to enter the gaps between the particles, and the air permeability tends to decrease with time. In particular, it is not preferable that the diameter is smaller than 3 mm or larger than 50 mm because these tendencies are remarkable.

As an average flow velocity of the gas from the hearth gas supply unit, 0.02 to 1 m / sec, preferably 0.1 to 1 m / s is suitably used. As the average flow rate becomes slower than 0.1 m / sec, the particles in the particle layer are heated and easily welded, and incineration ash and the like tend to enter the particle layer, and the air permeability tends to decrease with time. If the speed is slower than 0.02 m / second, this tendency becomes remarkable, which is not preferable. As the speed becomes faster than 1 m / sec, the flow and scattering of the particles in the particle layer become remarkable.
It is preferable that the hearth gas supply unit be capable of supplying oxygen gas and gas having a high oxygen concentration in addition to air. This is to freely control the combustion state on the particle layer.

  In the gasification room, biomass fuel such as wood chips, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, garbage, paper diapers, pruning garbage such as trees, thinned wood, raw wood, rice husks, straw, surplus products, etc. High water content solid fuel having a water content of about 40 to 80% such as livestock manure such as fungus bed and live chicken manure, livestock bed, surplus sludge by activated sludge method, pulp waste liquid sludge, wastewater treatment sludge and the like can also be introduced. In addition, low-grade fossil fuels such as heavy oil, peat, lignite, peat, lignite, tar sand, natural asphalt, and waste plastics can also be used as solid fuel, and high heat can be obtained by mixing them. Moreover, liquid wastes, such as a waste drink and organic waste water, can also be burned with a solid fuel by dripping into the solid fuel.

The reforming reaction tube is made of a heat-resistant member made of heat-resistant steel, heat-resistant alloy, ceramic, etc., and is combustible generated in the gasification chamber with one end opened at the bottom of the combustion chamber or the combustible gas flow path. A gas into which at least a part of gas (dry distillation gas) is introduced is used.
The reforming reaction tube is preferably suspended in the combustion chamber with the upper end side supported by the upper portion of the combustion chamber. This is because the lower end of the reforming reaction tube can be freely expanded and contracted by thermal expansion of heating and cooling without restraining the lower end side.
In the reforming reaction tube, hydrocarbons, carbon, and the like react in the presence of oxygen and water vapor such as CxHy + O ₂ → H ₂ O + CO ₂ + H ₂ + CO, C + CO ₂ → 2CO, C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ (water gas reaction). The fuel gas can be obtained by purifying and purifying the combustible gas. It should be noted that water vapor does not need to be supplied from outside the system because a large amount of water vapor coexists when biomass fuel or municipal waste is used as a solid fuel. Further, the tar in the combustible gas is also reformed into a fuel gas such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen in the presence of water vapor.
The obtained fuel gas can be taken out of the reforming reaction tube by connecting the other end of the reforming reaction tube to a gas suction device such as a blower. Moreover, even if it does not use a gas suction device, it can also take out naturally, if the internal pressure of a gasification chamber or a combustion chamber becomes high.

A gasification combustion apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the gasification combustion apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the gas passage is disposed in a height direction of the gasification chamber from above the particle layer. It has a configuration with a forming wall.
With this configuration, in addition to the operation obtained in the first aspect, the following operation can be obtained.
(1) Since the gas passage forming wall is provided from above the particle layer toward the height direction of the gasification chamber, the combustion gas of the solid fuel combusting near the particle layer is gasified through the gas passage. It can be sent to the upper solid fuel filled in the chamber and dried, and gasification combustion is performed even when the total average moisture content (wet base) of the solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber is close to 70%. The number of applicable solid fuel types can be increased, and the versatility is excellent.

Here, the gas passage forming wall can be used without any particular limitation as long as the solid fuel is not easily caught on the gas passage forming wall and a bridge or the like is difficult to be formed, and clogging is not easily caused. A slanted downward louver shape in which the door-like small pieces are arranged at an appropriate interval in the height direction, a perforated plate shape made of punching metal, a wire mesh, etc. is used, and a partition plate shape or cylindrical shape , Can be formed in a tubular shape such as a prismatic shape.
A gas passage can be formed between the peripheral wall and the peripheral wall of the gasification chamber by disposing a partition plate-like gas passage forming wall at an appropriate interval. Further, by disposing the tubular gas passage forming wall, the gas passage can be formed in the gas passage forming wall. The gas passage formed by being partitioned by the gas passage forming wall can be formed at one or a plurality of locations in the gasification chamber.

The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is the gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a part or all of the combustible gas flow path has an upward slope toward the combustion chamber. It has the structure in which the surface was formed.
With this configuration, in addition to the operation obtained in the first aspect, the following operation can be obtained.
(1) Since the upward inclined surface is formed in the combustible gas flow path, it is possible to prevent the incineration ash of the solid fuel generated in the gasification chamber from being scattered into the combustion chamber.
(2) The solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be prevented from collapsing during combustion, and the combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber is guided to the combustion chamber to promote gasification, so that the solid fuel is converted into a particle layer. It can be completely gasified from the side.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the gasification combustion apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, comprising a burner disposed in the combustible gas flow path. is doing.
According to this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 3, the following action is obtained.
(1) Since the burner arranged in the combustible gas flow path is provided, the solid fuel for ignition put in the gasification chamber can be ignited by radiant heat, etc., and the solid fuel in the gasification chamber can be safely Gasification can be performed from the particle layer side.
(2) The burner placed in the combustible gas flow path preheats the combustion chamber at startup, so when solid fuel is ignited, the combustion heat quickly raises the temperature in the combustion chamber and suppresses the generation of low-grade gas. Combustible gas can be purified.
(3) When the gasification state of the solid fuel fluctuates, the temperature in the combustion chamber also fluctuates and the purification state of the combustible gas becomes unstable. However, the combustion chamber can be heated by the burner, so the temperature in the combustion chamber can be stabilized. .
(4) Since the combustible gas flow path and the combustion chamber can be heated, soot dust, tar and soot in the fuel gas can be pyrolyzed immediately after startup, troubles associated with tar, dust outside the system, etc. Can be prevented.

Here, what burns liquid fuel or gaseous fuel is used as a burner.
The burner can be disposed on an inclined surface formed in the combustible gas channel, a peripheral wall of the combustible gas channel, or the like so as to be substantially orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the combustible gas channel. Thereby, both the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber can be heated.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is the gasification combustion apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the injection port is inclined to the peripheral wall side and disposed on the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber. And a combustion chamber gas supply unit that forms a swirling flow.
With this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 4, the following action is obtained.
(1) Since the injection port is provided on the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber so as to incline toward the peripheral wall and includes a combustion chamber gas supply unit that forms a swirling flow, the injection port rides on the swirling flow formed in the combustion chamber and Since the residence time is long, soot is easily combusted, and dust with a large particle size can be separated to the peripheral wall side of the combustion chamber by centrifugal force due to the cyclone effect, soot and harmful emissions (dioxin) to the outside of the system Etc.) can be prevented.
(2) Since the gas flow can be stirred by the swirling flow, complete combustion and decomposition of harmful substances such as dioxins can be promoted.

Here, as the combustion chamber, one having a circular cross section in the horizontal direction and formed in a cylindrical vertical shape as a whole is used. This is because a swirling flow is formed in the combustion chamber. Further, the reforming reaction tube is disposed at a substantially central portion of the combustion chamber along the height direction of the combustion chamber. This is to make it difficult for the dust having a large particle size separated by the swirling flow to be introduced into the reforming reaction tube.
The volume of the reforming reaction tube occupying the combustion chamber is appropriately designed in consideration of the type of solid fuel to be gasified, the flow rate of the fuel gas taken out from the reforming reaction tube, and the optimum value is selected.

  As the flow velocity of the swirling flow created in the combustion chamber, 15 to 50 m / sec is preferably used. This is because dust having a large particle diameter (about 1 μm or more) can be separated and the soot residence time can be increased to completely burn in the combustion chamber. As the flow velocity becomes slower than 15 m / sec, the centrifugal force acting on the dust that swirls in the swirling flow is small and the cyclone effect is reduced, and the residence time of the dust in the combustion chamber is shortened. There is a tendency for complete combustion to be difficult. As the speed becomes faster than 50 m / sec, the power of the blower connected to the combustion chamber gas supply unit becomes larger and the apparatus becomes larger, and the temperature in the combustion chamber decreases due to an increase in the amount of blown air, which is not preferable.

Invention of Claim 6 of this invention is a gasification combustion apparatus of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5, Comprising: The combustion chamber lower part temperature measuring device which measures the temperature in the said lower combustion chamber, And a control device for adjusting the air volume of the blower in accordance with the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device.
With this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 5, the following action is obtained.
(1) A combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device that measures the temperature in the lower combustion chamber and a control device that adjusts the air volume of the blower according to the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device. Even if the quality and type (variation of blending amount of biomass fuel, waste plastic, fossil fuel, etc., moisture content, calorific value, etc.), combustible gas extraction amount, ash content in the gasification chamber, etc. fluctuate, blower air volume control As a result, the pyrolysis / gasification reaction can proceed in the gasification chamber, and the temperature in the lower combustion chamber can be maintained within a predetermined range.
(2) Further, in the reforming reaction tube, the pyrolysis reaction, the water gas reaction (C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ), and the thermal decomposition of tar can be progressed stably, and the combustible gas can be reformed and purified.
(3) When the temperature in the lower part of the combustion chamber is low and the combustion of the solid fuel is insufficient and the low-quality gas is generated just after starting the device, the low-quality gas is generated in the gasification chamber without operating the blower. When the gas is generated and the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 600 ° C.), the low quality gas in the gasification chamber can be burned by operating the blower, and the low quality gas in the gasification chamber is released into the atmosphere. Can be prevented. This eliminates the need for a flare stack or switching valve that burns low-grade gas generated until stable operation, and can reduce the size of the device. It can be prevented and has excellent reliability.

Here, the temperature of the lower part of the combustion chamber when the apparatus is operating stably is adjusted to a range of 600 to 1300 ° C, preferably 800 to 1200 ° C. The control device adjusts the air volume of the blower so that the temperature in the lower portion of the combustion chamber is within this range, and adjusts the combustion state in the gasification chamber. Specifically, when the temperature in the lower part of the combustion chamber is low, the air volume of the blower is increased to promote combustion, and when the temperature is high, the air volume of the blower is decreased to suppress combustion.
As the temperature in the lower part of the combustion chamber becomes lower than 800 ° C., there is a tendency that the decomposition of chlorinated organic compounds such as ammonia components and dioxins in the combustible gas tends to be insufficient, especially when the temperature is lower than 600 ° C. It is not preferable. The higher the temperature in the lower part of the combustion chamber, the faster the water gas equilibrium is reached, and the CO and H ₂ content in the fuel gas increases, which is preferable. However, as the temperature rises above 1200 ° C., the combustion chamber, gasification chamber, etc. In particular, when the temperature is higher than 1300 ° C., this tendency becomes remarkable, which is not preferable.
The control device can also adjust the burner combustion at the same time. As a result, the burner can be actively burned when the temperature of the lower temperature measuring instrument of the combustion chamber is low (such as when starting or when the amount of combustible gas is low), and combustion occurs as the amount of combustible gas generated varies. It is possible to prevent the chamber temperature from fluctuating.

The invention according to claim 7 of the present invention is the gasification combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reforming reaction tube includes a catalyst, inorganic particles, and inorganic porous material. Of these, one or more types are accommodated.
With this configuration, in addition to the action obtained in any one of claims 1 to 6, the following action is obtained.
(1) Since the reforming reaction tube contains one or more of catalyst, inorganic particles, and inorganic porous material, the heat capacity in the reforming reaction tube is increased and the combustion state of the gasification chamber is increased. Even if the temperature of the combustion chamber fluctuates due to fluctuations, the temperature in the reforming reaction tube can be prevented from decreasing, the reforming reaction and tar decomposition can be stabilized, and the reforming of combustible gas can be promoted. be able to.
(2) By containing a catalyst having high activity in thermal decomposition of tar, thermal decomposition of tar can be promoted even at a low temperature of about 600 ° C.
(3) When the combustible gas sucked from the combustible gas flow path or the like is used as a fuel for an engine generator or the like, the gas is stored in the reforming reaction tube and the reforming reaction tube is used as a buffer tank for the combustible gas. it can.

Here, examples of the catalyst include iron oxides having high activity in aqueous reaction, iron oxides-chromium oxides, zinc oxides-chromium oxides, iron oxides having high activity in thermal decomposition of tar, rhodium-cerium Ordinarily used catalysts such as these can be appropriately selected and used. A plurality of these may be mixed and used.
As the inorganic particles and the inorganic porous material, particles made of alumina, mullite, zirconia, etc., a porous material formed in a honeycomb shape, or the like is used. The catalyst can be supported on inorganic particles or an inorganic porous material.
The amount of catalyst, inorganic particles, and inorganic porous material accommodated in the reforming reaction tube is appropriately selected in consideration of the type and amount of the solid fuel, the flow rate of the fuel gas taken out from the reforming reaction tube, and the like. In addition, the porosity of the reforming reaction tube containing the catalyst, inorganic particles, and inorganic porous material greatly affects the ease of fuel gas flow and the purified state. Can be decided.

As described above, according to the gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.
According to the invention of claim 1,
(1) Filling the gasification chamber with a solid fuel such as biomass fuel and igniting the solid fuel near the particle layer, the solid fuel can be combusted and gasified from the particle layer side. Therefore, it is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus that is less likely to cause trouble.
(2) Combustion air and the like are supplied from the entire surface of the particle layer laid on the hearth of the gasification chamber, so that the combustion proceeds uniformly without the blow-through phenomenon that is a defect of the grate, so that the unburned residue is reduced. It can be gasified and burned with almost no residue, and the upper solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be dried by the combustion heat of the lower solid fuel. Raw wood, raw garbage, disposable diapers, chicken, etc. Solid fuels with a moisture content (wet base) of 40% or more such as livestock manure and sludge can be gasified. For this reason, pre-treatment such as pre-drying the solid fuel is unnecessary, so that energy loss related to the pre-treatment can be reduced and the solid fuel before combustion can be stored in the gasification chamber. This can reduce the solid fuel stockyard before combustion. In addition, after the solid fuel in the gasification chamber is ignited, pyrolysis and gasification can be adjusted by the amount of gas from the hearth gas supply unit, so it is possible to automate and unmanned inexpensive and reliable gasification combustion Equipment can be provided.
(3) The reforming reaction tube and the combustion chamber can be heated using the sensible heat of gas in the gasification chamber, and the dust in the exhaust gas can be pyrolyzed and disappeared in the combustion chamber. It is possible to prevent the emission of soot, etc., and to introduce inflammable gases such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide generated in the gasification chamber and unreacted carbon into the reforming reaction tube, and use the water gas reaction to monoxide. The fuel gas can be obtained by reforming to carbon or hydrogen, and tars in the fuel gas can be pyrolyzed / dissipated, and troubles caused by solidification / liquefaction due to cooling of the tar when using the fuel gas The gasification combustion apparatus which can prevent is provided.
(4) Since the reforming reaction tube and the combustion chamber can be heated using gas sensible heat in the gasification chamber, a part of the produced and purified fuel gas is burned or heated using electric power. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in energy that can be supplied outside the system by suppressing energy loss, and to provide a gasification combustion apparatus having a high energy utilization rate.
(5) Since the solidification fuel filled in the gasification chamber is combusted and gasified, the gasification chamber becomes deficient in oxygen and easily becomes a reducing atmosphere, so that environmental protection that can almost completely prevent the generation of dioxins. An excellent gasification combustion apparatus can be provided.

According to invention of Claim 2, in addition to the effect of Claim 1,
(1) The combustion gas of the solid fuel combusting near the particle layer can be dried by sending it to the upper solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber through the gas passage, and the total amount of the solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be dried. Gasification combustion can be performed even when the average water content (wet base) is high water content of nearly 70%, and a gasification combustion apparatus with an increased versatile solid fuel species and excellent versatility can be provided.

According to invention of Claim 3, in addition to the effect of Claim 1 or 2,
(1) Solid fuel incineration ash generated in the gasification chamber is prevented from scattering into the combustion chamber, and most of the incineration ash can be deposited on the floor of the gasification chamber, making it easy to collect the incineration ash Gasification combustion apparatus can be provided.
(2) The solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber can be prevented from collapsing during combustion, and the combustible gas generated in the gasification chamber is guided to the combustion chamber to promote gasification, so that the solid fuel is converted into a particle layer. A gasification combustion apparatus that can be completely combusted and gasified from the side can be provided.

According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effect of any one of claims 1 to 3,
(1) A gasification combustion apparatus with excellent operability that can be put into a gasification chamber to ignite the solid fuel with radiant heat or the like and can burn and gasify the solid fuel in the gasification chamber from the particle layer side. Can be provided.
(2) The burner placed in the combustible gas flow path preheats the combustion chamber at startup, so when solid fuel is ignited, the combustion heat quickly raises the temperature in the combustion chamber and suppresses the generation of low-grade gas. It is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus with excellent startability that can purify combustible gas and can quickly collect fuel gas.
(3) When the gasification state of the solid fuel fluctuates, the temperature in the combustion chamber also fluctuates and the purification state of the combustible gas becomes unstable. However, since the combustion chamber can be heated with a burner, it can be sampled with excellent temperature stability in the combustion chamber. A gasification combustion apparatus having excellent fuel gas quality stability can be provided.
(4) Since the combustible gas passage and the combustion chamber can be heated, soot dust, tar and soot in the fuel gas can be burned immediately after startup, and troubles associated with tar and soot outside the system It is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus excellent in environmental conservation that can prevent emission.

According to invention of Claim 5, in addition to the effect of any one of Claims 1 to 4,
(1) Since the residence time of soot and dust stays on the swirling flow formed in the combustion chamber, soot is easily burnt completely, and dust having a large particle size can be separated by the cyclone effect, and the system is removed from the system. It is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus excellent in environmental conservation that can prevent the emission of soot and harmful emissions (such as dioxins).
(2) Since the gas flow can be agitated by the swirling flow, a gasification combustion apparatus excellent in environmental conservation that can promote complete combustion and decomposition of harmful substances such as dioxins can be provided.

According to invention of Claim 6, in addition to the effect of any one of Claims 1 to 5,
(1) The quality and type of solid fuel (variations in the blending amount, moisture content, calorific value, etc. of biomass fuel, waste plastic, fossil fuel, etc.), the amount of combustible gas taken out, the amount of ash in the gasification chamber, etc. In addition, by controlling the air volume of the blower, the pyrolysis and gasification reaction can proceed in the gasification chamber, and the temperature in the lower combustion chamber can be kept within a predetermined range. A combustion apparatus can be provided.
(2) In the reforming reaction tube, it is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus that can stably perform a pyrolysis reaction and a water gas reaction (C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ) and reform and purify the combustible gas.
(3) The flare stack and switching valve that burns low-grade gas generated until the system operates stably is not required, and the system can be downsized, and there is no switching valve and the number of parts is small, so troubles due to adhesion of tar, etc. It is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus that can prevent generation and has excellent reliability.

According to the invention described in claim 7, in addition to the effect of any one of claims 1 to 6,
(1) Even if the heat capacity in the reforming reaction tube is increased to change the combustion state of the gasification chamber and the temperature of the combustion chamber fluctuates, the temperature in the reforming reaction tube is prevented from decreasing and reforming reaction or tar It is possible to provide a gasification combustion apparatus with excellent stability that can stabilize the decomposition of the gas and can promote the reforming of the combustible gas.
(2) By containing a catalyst having high activity in thermal decomposition of tar, a gasification combustion apparatus that can promote thermal decomposition of tar even at a low temperature of about 600 ° C. can be provided.
(3) Since the gas can be stored in the reforming reaction tube, when the combustible gas sucked from the combustible gas flow path or the like is used as fuel for an engine generator or the like, the reforming reaction tube is made of combustible gas. A gasification combustion apparatus with excellent applicability that can be used as a buffer tank can be provided.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the gasification combustion apparatus according to Embodiment 1 cut in the vertical direction, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part taken along line AA of the gasification combustion apparatus of FIG. (A) is principal part sectional drawing in the BB line of the gasification combustion apparatus of FIG. 1, (b) is principal part sectional drawing in the CC line of Fig.3 (a).
1 and 2, 1 is a gasification combustion apparatus according to the first embodiment, 2 is a vertical gasification chamber formed in a vertically long substantially rectangular parallelepiped, and 3 is a peripheral wall of the gasification chamber 1 formed substantially vertically. 4 is a furnace wall portion of the peripheral wall 3 formed in a cavity shape, 5 is a cavity portion of the furnace wall portion 4 filled with water, and 6 is a solid fuel formed on the upper portion of the peripheral wall 3 of the gasification chamber 2. An inlet 6a is disposed at the inlet 6 and is an inlet for injecting liquid material such as organic wastewater into the gasification chamber 2, and 7 is formed in the lower part of the peripheral wall 3 of the gasification chamber 2 and incinerated. A discharge port for discharging the generated incinerated ash, molten slag, etc., 8 is the hearth of the gasification chamber 2, 9 is pumice and refractory bricks laid on the hearth 8 of the gasification chamber 2, A particle layer made of inorganic particles such as refractory particles, 10 is a partition plate such as a grate disposed in the particle layer 9, and 11 is a particle laid on the hearth 8 of the gasification chamber 2. A hearth gas supply unit embedded in the lower part of the partition plate 10 disposed in the layer 9, 12 is a gas ejection hole formed in the hearth gas supply unit 11, and 13 is connected to the hearth gas supply unit 11. The blower 13a is a gas passage forming wall disposed in the height direction of the combustion chamber 2 with an appropriate interval from the peripheral wall 4. In the present embodiment, the gas passage forming walls 13a are disposed at the four corners of the gasification chamber 2 as shown in FIG. 3 (a), and a plurality of smooth doors are provided as shown in FIG. 3 (b). A small piece is formed in an obliquely downward louver shape with an appropriate interval in the height direction, and a gas passage 13b is formed between the gas passage formation wall 13a and the peripheral wall 3.

  Reference numeral 14 denotes a combustible gas passage formed in a stepped shape that communicates with the lower side of the gasification chamber 2 above the particle layer 9, and the lower portion of the gasification chamber 2 is lower, and 14 a is the entire combustible gas passage 14. An inclined surface formed in a wide ascending slope toward the combustion chamber 15, 14 b is arranged so that the flame port at the tip faces the inside of the combustible gas passage 14 and is substantially orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the combustible gas passage 14. The burner 14c is disposed above the combustible gas flow path 14 and accommodates a waste plastic crushed piece, 14d is a feeder such as a rotary feeder disposed below the hopper 14c, and 14e is a feeder 14d. A supply pipe connected to the lower part and the combustible gas flow path 14, 15 is a vertically long combustion chamber formed in communication with the combustible gas flow path 14 and the lower part, 16 is a peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 15, and 17 is a cavity. Around the peripheral wall 16 The installed furnace wall portion 18 is a cavity portion of the furnace wall portion 17 filled with water, and 19 is disposed on the peripheral wall 16 of the combustion chamber 15 with the injection port 20 inclined toward the peripheral wall 16 side. 15 is a combustion chamber gas supply unit that forms a swirling flow in the combustion chamber 15, 21 is a blower connected to the upstream side of the combustion chamber gas supply unit 19, 22 is an exhaust gas return nozzle disposed on the peripheral wall 16 of the lower combustion chamber 15, 23 is a combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device that is disposed on the peripheral wall 16 and measures the temperature in the lower combustion chamber 15; 23a is a control device that adjusts the air volume of the blower 13 according to the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device 23; Reference numeral 24 is formed of heat-resistant steel, heat-resistant alloy, or the like, and the lower end is disposed on the bottom side of the combustion chamber 15 and the upper end passes through the ceiling of the combustion chamber 15 and is disposed approximately at the center of the combustion chamber 15 along the height direction of the combustion chamber 15. The cylindrical reforming reaction tube 24 a is formed on the outer surface on the upper end side of the reforming reaction tube 24. Wear has been a flange-like protrusion. The reforming reaction tube 24 is inserted into a through hole formed in the ceiling portion of the combustion chamber 15, supported by the protrusion 24 a, and suspended in the combustion chamber 15.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a combustible gas inlet having a lower end of the reforming reaction tube 24 opened to the combustible gas flow path 14 side. The combustible gas introduction port 25 is opened at a position below the injection port 20 of the combustion gas supply unit 19. This is to prevent the combustible gas introduced from the combustible gas introduction port 25 from being diluted with the gas injected from the injection port 20. 26 is an inorganic particle made of alumina, zirconia or the like, which is supported in a reforming reaction tube 24 and supports a catalyst such as iron oxide, iron oxide-chromium oxide, zinc oxide-chromium oxide, etc., and 26a and 26b are heat resistant. The support plate has air permeability and is formed of steel, a heat-resistant alloy or the like and has pores smaller than the particle size of the inorganic particles 26. The support plate 26a is placed on a plurality of projections (not shown) fixed to the peripheral wall of the reforming reaction tube 24 by welding or the like and disposed in the reforming reaction tube 24, and the accommodated inorganic particles 26 are modified. It is held in the quality reaction tube 24. The support 26b prevents the accommodated inorganic particles 26 from scattering. A fuel gas outlet 27 is formed at the upper end of the reforming reaction tube 24 and takes out combustible gas (fuel gas) reformed in the reforming reaction tube 24, and 28 is formed at the upper end of the combustion chamber 15 to discharge exhaust gas. An exhaust port, 28a is a baffle plate disposed inside the peripheral wall 16 of the combustion chamber 15 below the exhaust port 28, and 29 is a cooling purification apparatus that is connected to the fuel gas outlet 27 to cool the fuel gas and remove dust and the like. , 30 is connected to the cooling purification device 29 and is a gas suction device such as a blower for sucking the fuel gas in the reforming reaction tube 24, and 31 is a micro gas turbine generator, an engine generator or the like connected to the gas suction device 30. It is a generator. In the present embodiment, since the generator 31 is connected to the exhaust gas return nozzle 22, the exhaust gas of the fuel gas used for power generation is returned from the exhaust gas return nozzle 22 into the combustion chamber 15. Reference numeral 32 denotes a hot water use device such as a hot water boiler, a steam boiler, a hot air generator, and a heat pump connected to the exhaust port 28.
The water in the cavities 5 and 18 is passed into the cavities 5 and 18 from a water outlet (not shown), heated by the gasification chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 15, and then drained from a drain outlet (not shown). Can be used as hot water. In the case of a large apparatus, the cavities 5 and 18 need not be provided in order to increase the mechanical strength of the wall.

In the gasification combustion apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention configured as described above, a gasification combustion method for solid fuel will be described below.
First, a solid fuel made of biomass fuel for ignition such as dried pieces of wood, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips or the like is introduced into the gasification chamber 2 from the inlet 6. Since the gasification chamber 2 communicates with the combustible gas passage 14, a part of the injected solid fuel is also put into the combustible gas passage 14. Next, crops such as wood fragments, wood chips, sawdust, wood chips, etc., moisture, 40% to 80% moisture content, raw garbage, paper diapers, pruning garbage such as trees, thinned wood, raw wood, rice husk, straw, surplus products, etc. Solid waste such as harvested waste, gonorrhea bed, live chicken manure, livestock manure, surplus sludge by activated sludge method, pulp waste liquid sludge, wastewater treatment sludge, etc., until the gasification chamber 2 is almost full The gas is introduced into the gasification chamber 2 through the port 6. At this time, the weighted average moisture content of the solid fuel is set to about 70% or less. The solid fuel can be put into the gasification chamber 2 in a polyethylene bag. This is because the charging workability is good. In addition, when the calorific value of the solid fuel is small, low-grade fossil fuels such as waste plastic, lignite, and peat can be mixed. Further, waste plastic fragments and the like are placed in the hopper 14c.
After closing the inlet 6, the burner 14 b is ignited to raise the temperature of the combustible gas passage 14 and the combustion chamber 15. During this time, a part of the solid fuel put in the combustible gas flow path 14 and the gasification chamber 2 is ignited by the flame of the burner 14b, and low-grade gas is generated in the gasification chamber 2 by pyrolysis of the ignited solid fuel. appear. In addition, a weak swirl flow is formed in the combustion chamber 15 by the flame of the burner 14b.
When the temperature of the lower part of the combustion chamber 15 detected by the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 reaches 600 ° C. or higher, the control device 23a operates the blower 13 to ventilate the particle layer 9 from the hearth gas supply unit 11, Gasification combustion of the solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber 2 is started, and low-grade gas generated by the initial thermal decomposition of the solid fuel is combusted in the gasification chamber 2. Next, air is supplied from the combustion chamber gas supply unit 19 into the combustion chamber 15, and a strong swirling flow is formed in the combustion chamber 15. As a result, a cyclonic effect due to the swirling flow can be obtained in the combustion chamber 15, and the combustible gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the solid fuel in the gasification chamber 2 actively enters the combustion chamber 15 through the combustible gas passage 14. The soot and tar in the combustible gas are combusted in the combustion chamber 15.
Further, by supplying a predetermined amount of waste plastic in the hopper 14c from the supply pipe 14e to the combustible gas flow path 14 by the feeder 14d, the waste plastic is gasified and a combustible gas having a large calorific value is generated from the waste plastic. be able to. When the waste plastic melts, the molten material descends the inclined surface 14a and is gasified in the gasification chamber 2.

When the temperature of the lower part of the combustion chamber 15 detected by the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 reaches 800 ° C. or more, the gas suction device 30 is operated and introduced into the combustion chamber 15 through the combustible gas flow path 14. A part of the combustible gas is sucked into the reforming reaction tube 24 from the combustible gas inlet 25 in a state where the oxygen partial pressure is low, and the combustible gas coexisting with water vapor is passed through the gaps of the inorganic particles 26 to obtain CxHy + O _2. → H ₂ O + CO ₂ + H ₂ + CO, C + CO ₂ → 2CO, C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ (water gas reaction), etc. Take out.
On the other hand, the solid fuel in the gasification chamber 2 continues to be gasified and combusted from the particle layer 9 side to the upper side, and the generated combustible gas flows into the combustion chamber 15 from the combustible gas flow path 14, and the high-temperature combustion chamber 15. Inside, the soot and the like contained in the combustible gas is burned while rising on the swirl flow. The tar in the combustible gas can also be thermally decomposed because the residence time at 800 ° C. or higher becomes long. Large soot is separated to the peripheral wall 16 side by centrifugal force, and even if it rises, it is blocked by the baffle plate 28a. Therefore, the residence time in the combustion chamber 15 becomes long and it is easily burned. Less exhaust gas.
While gasification combustion is performed in the gasification chamber 2, the control device 23a sets the temperature of the lower portion of the combustion chamber 15 detected by the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 to 600 to 1300 ° C, preferably 800 to 1200 ° C. The air volume of the blower 13 is adjusted so as to maintain the combustion state in the gasification chamber 2. Specifically, when the temperature detected by the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 tends to decrease, the air volume of the blower 13 is increased to promote the combustion of the solid fuel, which is detected by the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23. When the temperature to be increased tends to increase, the air volume of the blower 13 is reduced to suppress the combustion of the solid fuel.

The fuel gas sucked by the gas suction device 30 from the fuel gas outlet 27 and cooled by the cooling purification device 29 is supplied to the generator 31 and converted into electric power. The output can be increased by supplying the generator 31 after compressing and cooling the sucked fuel gas. The fuel gas exhaust gas used in the generator 31 is returned from the exhaust gas return nozzle 22 into the combustion chamber 15 and thermally decomposed.
Further, the high-temperature exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust port 28 is introduced into a hot water use device 32 such as a hot water boiler, a steam boiler, a hot air generator, a heat pump, etc., and used as waste heat.

In the gasification combustion apparatus 1, when the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 does not rise to 600 ° C. after a certain time, it indicates that the solid fuel in the gasification chamber 2 has been burned out. Then, the burner 14b is extinguished, and then the blower 21 is stopped. The blower 13 is operated until the particle layer 9 is cooled to near room temperature in order to cool the particle layer 9.
Incineration residues such as incineration ash deposited on the particle layer 9 can be taken out of the gasification chamber 2 from the discharge port 7 and the gasification chamber 2 is emptied. it can.

As mentioned above, since the gasification combustion apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention is comprised, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Since the peripheral wall 3 of the gasification chamber 2 is formed substantially vertically, when the solid fuel is dried or burned in the gasification chamber 2, the unburned matter hardly adheres to the peripheral wall 3 and forms a bridge shape. Since it is difficult, even solid fuels with a moisture content of 40% or more such as livestock manure, garbage, disposable diapers, chickens, etc., and sludge can be directly put into the gasification chamber 2 and completely gasified and combusted.
(2) Since the particle layer 9 is laid in the hearth 8 of the gasification chamber 2 and the hearth gas supply unit 11 is embedded in the particle layer 9, such as municipal waste, industrial waste, biomass fuel, etc. By simply injecting and igniting the solid fuel, combustion gas such as combustion air is supplied from the hearth gas supply unit 11 and can be incinerated in an oxidizing atmosphere from the particle layer 9 side. Excellent.
(3) The pyrolysis / gasification rate of the solid fuel can be freely adjusted by the amount of air or oxygen from the hearth gas supply unit 11, and the flexibility is excellent.
(4) Since the burner 14b disposed in the combustible gas flow path 14 is provided, the solid fuel that has been introduced into the gasification chamber 2 and overflowed in the combustible gas flow path 14 can be ignited. The solid fuel inside can be combusted and gasified from the particle layer 9 side. In addition, even if the solid fuel in the combustible gas passage 14 is not directly exposed to flame, it can be ignited by radiant heat.
(5) The flame of the burner 14b can heat the combustible gas passage 14 and the combustion chamber 15, so that dust in the exhaust gas, tar and soot in the fuel gas can be burned, and solidification by cooling of the tar・ It can prevent troubles caused by liquefaction and dust emission outside the system.
(6) Since the burner 14b disposed in the combustible gas flow path 14 is provided, the solid fuel charged into the gasification chamber 2 can be ignited and incinerated from the particle layer 9 side.
(7) The injection port 20 is provided on the peripheral wall 16 of the combustion chamber 15 so as to incline toward the peripheral wall 16 and includes a combustion chamber gas supply unit 19 that forms a swirling flow, and a baffle plate is provided upstream of the exhaust port 28. Since 28a is disposed, the residence time of soot and the like separated on the peripheral wall 16 side by the centrifugal force of the swirling flow formed in the combustion chamber 15 becomes longer, so that the soot is completely burned in the combustion chamber 15 And prevent the emission of harmful emissions (dioxins, etc.).
(8) Since the baffle plate 28a is disposed inside the peripheral wall 16 at the lower part of the exhaust port 28, dust having a large particle size (about 1 μm or more) has a large centrifugal force and swirls due to the cyclone effect. , And is blocked by the baffle plate 28a and is not discharged from the exhaust port 28, but stays in the combustion chamber 15 and burns for a long time. Only the exhaust gas containing almost no dust can be discharged from the exhaust port 28. .
(9) Since the gas passage forming wall 13a is provided, the combustion heat (combustion gas) in the combustion chamber 15 can be supplied to the solid fuel filled in the gasification chamber 2 and dried, Even solid fuel with a moisture content of 40% or more, such as livestock manure, disposable diapers, poultry manure, sludge, etc., can be easily and completely burned by simply putting it into the gasification chamber 2 as it is.
(10) Since the cavities 5 and 18 of the peripheral walls 3 and 16 of the gasification chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 15 are filled with water, solid fuel such as municipal waste and industrial waste thrown into the gasification chamber 2 Even when waste plastics are included in the inside, it is possible to prevent the melt plasticization and gas generation runaway of waste plastics, etc., to make the gas generation in the gasification chamber 2 uniform, and to the peripheral walls 3, 16 It is possible to minimize the lining of refractories and heat insulating materials, and is excellent in workability. Further, by discharging the heated water in the cavity portions 5 and 18 from the cavity portions 5 and 18, it can be effectively used as hot water.
(11) Since the partition plate 10 is disposed in the particle layer 9, it is possible to prevent the particles of the particle layer 9 from being scraped out to the outside when discharging the incineration residue from the gasification chamber 2 or during maintenance. .
(12) Incineration generated in the gasification chamber 2 because it includes the combustible gas passage 14 formed in a stepped shape that communicates with the lower side of the gasification chamber 2 and the lower portion of the gasification chamber 2 is the lower level. Ashes can be prevented from scattering into the combustion chamber 15 and the incinerated ash can be easily recovered.
(13) Further, since the solid fuel (fuel) charged into the gasification chamber 2 can be prevented from collapsing during combustion, the solid fuel can be completely burned from the particle layer 9 side.
(14) The reforming reaction tube 24 and the combustion chamber 15 can be heated using the sensible heat of gas in the gasification chamber 2, so that dust and the like in the exhaust gas can be combusted in the combustion chamber 15. It is possible to prevent emission of dust and the like to the outside, and it is not necessary to heat a combustion chamber 15 by burning a part of the generated fuel gas or using electric power. It is possible to prevent a decrease in energy that can be supplied.
(15) Combustible gas such as hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide generated in the gasification chamber and unreacted carbon can be introduced into the reforming reaction tube 24 with a low oxygen partial pressure, and water gas reaction is utilized. Thus, the fuel gas can be obtained by reforming to carbon monoxide or hydrogen, and the tar in the fuel gas can be thermally decomposed, and troubles due to solidification and liquefaction due to cooling of the tar can be prevented.
(16) The reforming reaction tube 24 is disposed substantially at the center of the combustion chamber 15 along the height direction of the combustion chamber 15, and a swirling flow is formed in the combustion chamber 15 around the reforming reaction tube 24. Therefore, the dust in the combustible gas can be separated by the centrifugal force of the swirling flow and difficult to be introduced into the reforming reaction tube 24.
(17) Since the control device 23a that adjusts the air volume of the blower 13 according to the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device 23 is provided, the quality and type of solid fuel (amount of blended biomass fuel, waste plastic, fossil fuel, etc.) And the amount of flammable gas taken out, the amount of ash in the gasification chamber, and the like, the amount of ash in the gasification chamber varies. Since the temperature can be kept within the range, the thermal decomposition / gasification reaction in the gasification chamber 2 and the water gas reaction (C + H ₂ O → CO + H ₂ ) and the thermal decomposition of tar proceed stably in the reforming reaction tube 24. The combustible gas can be reformed and purified.
(18) Since the control device 23a for adjusting the air volume of the blower 13 according to the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device 23 is provided, the low-grade gas generated immediately after the start-up is prevented from being released into the atmosphere. In addition, the flare stack and the switching valve are not required, and the apparatus can be miniaturized. In addition, since there is no switching valve and the number of parts is small, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of troubles due to adhesion of tar and the like, and the reliability is excellent.
(19) Since the inorganic particles 26 carrying the catalyst are accommodated in the reforming reaction tube 24, the heat capacity in the reforming reaction tube 24 is increased, and the combustion state of the gasification chamber 2 fluctuates, so that the combustion chamber 15 Even if the temperature fluctuates, it is possible to prevent the temperature in the reforming reaction tube 24 from decreasing, to stabilize the reforming reaction and tar decomposition, and to promote the reforming of the combustible gas.
(20) Since the exhaust gas return nozzle 22 for returning the exhaust gas of the fuel gas used in the generator 31 to the combustion chamber 15 is provided, it can be thermally decomposed even if the combustion gas contains harmful components. Excellent environmental conservation.
(21) Since the supply pipe 14e for supplying the waste plastic fragments and the like is connected above the inclined surface 14a of the combustible gas flow path 14, the fragments and the like move along the inclined surface 14e toward the gasification chamber 2. However, it is gasified by sensible heat of combustible gas. The decomposition gas of the waste plastic has a high calorie, and unlike the gasification by combustion, there is no dilution of nitrogen gas accompanying the combustion air, so a high calorie combustible gas can be obtained. Thereby, the calorific value of combustible gas can be improved and it can prevent that an output falls even when using a commercial gasoline engine generator as generator 31. Moreover, since the inside of the combustion chamber 15 can be made high temperature, generation | occurrence | production of dioxins can also be prevented.

Here, in the present embodiment, the case where the peripheral wall 3 of the gasification chamber 2 is formed substantially vertically and the gasification chamber 2 is formed with a substantially uniform thickness in the height direction has been described. The upper part of the chamber 2 can be formed narrower than the lower part. In this case, the internal volume of the gasification chamber is slightly reduced, but the same effect can be obtained.
Moreover, although the case where the cross section cut | disconnected in the horizontal direction was the rectangular gasification chamber 2 was demonstrated, circular shapes etc. can be selected suitably.
Although the case where the combustible gas inlet 25 of the reforming reaction tube 24 opens to the combustible gas passage 14 has been described, it is opposite to the combustible gas passage 14 in order to suppress the penetration of dust into the combustible gas inlet 25. There is also a case of opening to the side. In some cases, the lower end portion of the reforming reaction tube 24 is opened to make a combustible gas inlet 25.
Although the case where the inorganic particles 26 carrying the catalyst are accommodated in the reforming reaction tube 24 has been described, only the inorganic particles not carrying the catalyst may be accommodated. Although the effect of the catalyst cannot be obtained, the effect of improving the temperature stability can be obtained because the heat capacity is increased. Similarly, an inorganic porous body can be accommodated. The packing density of the inorganic particles and the porosity of the inorganic porous material can be appropriately selected within a range in which the loss of the combustible gas passing through the reforming reaction tube 24 does not increase.
Moreover, although the case where the supply pipe 14e for supplying the crushed pieces of waste plastic or the like to the combustible gas flow path 14 is provided has been described, it may not be provided. Combustible gas with a large calorific value can be obtained by mixing waste plastic or the like with solid fuel and pyrolyzing and gasifying it in the gasification chamber 2.
Further, the control device 23a can simultaneously adjust the combustion of the burner 14b. Accordingly, the burner 14b can be actively burned when the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device 23 is low (when the start-up or the amount of combustible gas generated is small). Thus, the temperature of the combustion chamber 15 can be prevented from fluctuating.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Using the gasification combustion apparatus described in the first embodiment, the power generation efficiency by pyrolysis and gasification of wood chips and the energy efficiency of using hot water were examined.
The outer dimensions of the gasification combustion apparatus 1 used in the experiment were 1 m wide, 1.5 m wide and 2 m high, and weighed 200 kg. Moreover, the burning capacity of wood chips (moisture content (wet base): about 20%, lower heating value 2740 kcal / kg, electric energy conversion 3.19 kW / kg, kerosene conversion amount 0.343 L / kg) is about 4 kg / h (12 .8 kWh / h), the bulk volume of the wood chips (1.2 m ³ ) that can be continuously burned for 30 hours is calculated, and the contents of the gasification chamber 2 are filled so that all the wood chips can be filled in the gasification chamber 2. The product was 1.2 m ³ . Further, a gas engine generator (cylinder volume 560 cc, rated power generation capacity 6 kW) was used as the generator 31, and a hot water boiler was used as the hot water utilization device 32.
Wood chips were filled in a 40 L polyethylene bag and stacked in the gasification chamber 2, and then the burner 14 b was ignited. After the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 exceeded 600 ° C., the blower 13 of the hearth gas supply unit 11 of the gasification chamber 2 was operated. Next, after the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature detector 23 exceeds 800 ° C., the blower 21 of the combustion chamber gas supply unit 19 is operated, the gas suction device 30 is operated, and the fuel gas is introduced into the generator 31. did.
As a result, the gasification combustion apparatus 1 and the generator 31 could be stably operated for 26 hours or more. The power consumption of the gasification combustion apparatus 1 and the generator 31 is 0.3 kW, the external output is 1.7 kW of power (automatically adjusted according to demand) of the generator 31, and hot water (80 C) was 100 L / h.
The power generation efficiency was 15.6% in total power (13.3% considering power consumption), and the energy efficiency of waste heat utilization (hot water) was calculated to be about 55%. These efficiencies sufficiently satisfy the target values for biomass (power generation efficiency of 10% or more, energy efficiency of waste heat use of 40% or more) in the biomass and Japan comprehensive strategy (decided by the Cabinet on December 27, 2006). It was confirmed that the energy utilization rate was high.
In addition, when the exhaust gas from the exhaust port 28 was analyzed, it was confirmed that the dust was less than 50 mg / m ³ N and the discharge amount was small.

(Example 2)
Example 1 except that a storage tank (2 m ³ ) is connected instead of the generator 31 and a household gas appliance (calorific value 1000 kcal / m ³ N (4.2 kJ / m ³ N)) is connected downstream thereof. In the same way as the above, we investigated whether the gas appliance could be used using the combustion gas obtained by pyrolysis and gasification of wood chips.
From the above results, it is clear that the gasification combustion apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus that can be effectively used in a place with forest resources including home life. In particular, the use of satoyama biomass has been promoted in recent years.

(Example 3)
With a gas suction device 30 obtained by adding a function of the compressor can compress the fuel gas to the volume of 1/3, to the internal volume of the gasification chamber 2 to 2.5 m ^3, the gasification also increase input of wood chips Except for filling almost the whole chamber 2, the power generation efficiency by pyrolysis and gasification of wood chips and the energy efficiency of hot water use were examined in the same manner as in Example 1.
As a result, the gasification combustion apparatus 1 and the generator 31 could be stably operated for 24 hours or more. The power consumption of the gasification combustion apparatus 1 and the generator 31 is 1 kW, the external output is 5 kW of power of the generator 31 (automatic adjustment according to demand), and the hot water (80 ° C.) obtained by the hot water using device 32 is 300 L. / H.
The power generation efficiency was 15.0% in total power (13.0% considering power consumption), and the energy efficiency of waste heat utilization (hot water) was calculated to be about 55%. These efficiencies sufficiently satisfy the target values for biomass (power generation efficiency of 10% or more, energy efficiency of waste heat use of 40% or more) in the biomass and Japan comprehensive strategy (decided by the Cabinet on December 27, 2006). there were.

  The present invention relates to incineration of solid fuel such as biomass fuel and industrial waste such as municipal waste, and a gasification combustion apparatus that gasifies solid fuel to generate fuel gas, such as biomass fuel filled in a gasification chamber Since solid fuel can be dried by combustion heat, solid fuel with a high water content can be gasified with almost no unburned residue, and the energy related to pretreatment such as pre-drying the solid fuel can be reduced. Loss can be reduced, automation and unmanned operation are possible, and reliability is high.Further, dust can be combusted in the exhaust gas to prevent discharge of dust from the system. The fuel gas can be obtained by reforming the combustible gas into carbon monoxide or hydrogen using a decomposition reaction or a water gas reaction, etc., and tar and dust in the fuel gas can be thermally decomposed to disappear. It is possible to prevent troubles associated with tar, and further, by reducing the loss of energy and power by reforming the combustible gas using sensible heat, it is possible to prevent the energy that can be supplied outside the system from decreasing. A small and inexpensive gasification combustion apparatus with high utilization can be provided.

Sectional drawing of the principal part which cut | disconnected the gasification combustion apparatus in Embodiment 1 in the perpendicular direction Sectional drawing of the principal part in the AA line of the gasification combustion apparatus of FIG. (A) Main part sectional drawing in the BB line of the gasification combustion apparatus of FIG. 1 (b) Main part sectional drawing in the CC line of a gasification combustion apparatus

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification combustion apparatus 2 Gasification chamber 3,16 Peripheral wall 4,17 Furnace wall part 5,18 Cavity part 6 Inlet 6a Inlet 7 Outlet 8 Hearth 9 Particle layer 10 Partition plate 11 Hearth gas supply part 12 Gas ejection hole 13 Blower 13a Gas passage forming wall 13b Gas passage 14 Combustible gas passage 14a Inclined surface 14b Burner 14c Hopper 14d Feeder 14e Supply pipe 15 Combustion chamber 16 Peripheral wall 19 Combustion chamber gas supply section 20 Injector 21 Blower 22 Exhaust gas return nozzle 23 Combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device 23a Control device 24 Reforming reaction tube 24a Protruding portion 25 Combustible gas inlet 26 Inorganic particles 26a, 26b Support plate 27 Fuel gas outlet 28 Exhaust port 28a Baffle plate 29 Cooling purification device 30 Gas suction Equipment 31 Generator 32 Hot water use equipment

Claims (7)

  A vertical gasification chamber, a particle layer laid on the hearth of the gasification chamber, a hearth gas supply unit embedded in the particle layer, and a blower connected to the hearth gas supply unit A gasification combustion apparatus comprising: a combustion chamber communicated via a combustible gas passage on a lower side of the gasification chamber; and a reforming reaction tube disposed in the combustion chamber. .   The gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gas passage forming wall disposed in a height direction of the gasification chamber from above the particle layer.   3. The gasification combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inclined surface having an upward gradient toward the combustion chamber is formed in a part or all of the combustible gas flow path.   The gasification combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a burner disposed in the combustible gas flow path.   5. The combustion chamber gas supply unit according to claim 1, further comprising a combustion chamber gas supply unit that is disposed on the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber and forms a swirling flow with the injection port inclined to the peripheral wall side. Gasification combustion device.   A combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device that measures the temperature in the lower combustion chamber, and a control device that adjusts the air volume of the blower according to the temperature of the combustion chamber lower temperature measuring device. The gasification combustion apparatus of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5.   The gasification according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reforming reaction tube contains one or more of a catalyst, inorganic particles, and inorganic porous material. Combustion device.

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