JP2007267682A - Method for raising seedling of vegetable grafted nursery plant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for raising seedlings of vegetable grafted nursery plants, capable of stabilizing taking root of grafted cutting with an easy method without controlling to high humidity in a low light/low temperature storage process. <P>SOLUTION: This method for raising seedlings of vegetable grafted nursery plants comprises a process of connecting stocks 2 with ears 1 in a straight line to form grafted cuttings 3 and a process of vertically holding a plurality of grafted cuttings 3 using holding members 11 and 12 followed by curing. The method comprises in the curing process, soaking each grafted cutting 3 in hot water Wh kept at 15-35°C in a curing tank 13a and arbitrarily containing culture components, up to a position allowing the ears 1 to absorb water, and curing through keeping an atmosphere temperature exposing the ears 1 lower than hot water Wh so as to let the stock 2 and the scion 1 take root and bring to grafted nursery plants 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for raising vegetable grafting seedlings, and more particularly to a seedling raising technique for growing vegetable grafting seedlings robustly by a simple method.

  In recent years, grafted seedlings of vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, and cucumber have been widely used because they are resistant to continuous cropping and pests and are excellent in productivity. In the production of vegetable grafted seedlings, the required nursery area and labor force vary greatly due to fluctuations in demand for seedlings. Therefore, techniques for storing seedlings and cuttings for a certain period of time have been developed in order to normalize seasonal changes in the nursery area and labor force and to efficiently supply a stable supply of seedlings and cuttings.

Here, an example of a conventional process for producing a grafted seedling will be described with reference to FIG. First, roots and ears of rootstock seedlings that have been nurtured in advance are excised to prepare rootstocks, and roots of seedlings for sapling that have been bred in advance are excised to prepare ears. At this time, the roots of rootstock seedlings are excised as follows: when roots and hogi are joined at the cut surface, the roots obstruct the workability, and the root soil is rootstock or There is a risk of becoming ill when attached to the cut surface of the spikes, roots are easily damaged when grafted into the culture medium, and when using a molding medium, the grafts will be molded if there are roots. For example, roots newly rooted from rootstocks are more active than roots rooted from seeds, and seedlings grow stronger.
Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the cutting part of the hogi 1 and the cutting part on the ear part side of the rootstock 2 are inserted into the cylindrical graft joint tool 11, and the cutting surfaces are brought into close contact with each other. By holding the tree 1 and the rootstock 2 in a joined state, a grafted cutting head 3 is formed (see FIG. 11B). Since the grafting tool 11 is made of an elastic plastic and has a cut in the axial direction, the diameter of the grafting tool 11 increases as the joint diameter 4 of the grafting cutting ear 3 is activated and the stem diameter increases.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the open end (basement side) of the graft cutting head 3 is planted in the molding medium 6. This molding medium 6 is a commercially available one. Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (c), the grafted cuttings are stored at a low temperature under a low light for a certain period (for example, several weeks to several months). At this time, since the joint 4 of the graft cutting head 3 is not completely connected and the water absorption of the rootstock 2 is weak, the inside of the storage is kept at high humidity in order to prevent transpiration and supply water Need to be maintained. For example, the inside of the storage is controlled to environmental conditions of air temperature: 15 ° C. or less, relative humidity: 70% or more, and photosynthetic effective photon flux density: 0-30 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ . As described above, the purpose of storing the graft cuttings 3 at a low temperature for a certain period of time is to mainly slow down the growth of the graft cuttings 3 to adjust the production and level the seedling area and labor force.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (d), in order to promote survival and rooting, the graft cuttings 3 are gradually acclimated to an outdoor environment while being cured. In this curing / acclimation period, the joint 4 of the graft cutting head 3 is alive and rooted from the rootstock 2. In some cases, the low light / low temperature / high humidity storage step of FIG. 11 (c) may be omitted and the curing / acclimation step of FIG. 11 (d) may be performed.
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 11 (e), the grafted seedlings 5 that have been cultivated are implanted into the medium B in the pot 14 and shipped. In addition, without using the molding medium 6 demonstrated in FIG.11 (b), the graft cutting head 3 is directly planted in the medium B in the pot 14, and a low light, low temperature, high humidity storage process and a curing / acclimation process are performed. In some cases, the low light / low temperature / high humidity storage process is omitted, and the process proceeds to a curing / acclimation process.

Moreover, the method of patent document 1, 2, 3, and 4 is proposed from the above-mentioned weak light and low temperature / humidity storage process to curing and acclimatization process, for example. Patent Document 1 describes that the grafted seedlings are maintained in a semi-storage state by maintaining the temperature (15 ° C. or less) and the medium at a low temperature and maintaining the humidity at 70% or more. In Patent Document 2, the graft cuttings are cured under the environmental conditions of 5 to 15 ° C., relative humidity of 70% or more, and the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of 0 to 30 μmol / (m ² · s) in the engraftment stage. In the curing / acclimation process after the light / low-temperature / high-humidity process, it is described that the humidity is gradually reduced from 90% to 40% over a period of 2 to 3 days to gradually approach the ambient air humidity. Patent Document 3 describes that grafted cuttings immediately after grafting are cured and cultivated in an environment of lower air temperature (around 28 ° C.), high humidity and low light. Patent Document 4 describes that grafted cuttings are cured and alive in an environment where the temperature is 25 to 28 ° C. and the humidity is 90 to 93%.
Further, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of promoting survival by bringing a joint portion into contact with a hot water pipe when grafting a tree.
Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a method for efficiently promoting rooting while suppressing plant consumption by immersing only the open ends of grafted cuttings in a warm / cold storage process in a heated culture solution. Has been.
In addition, a method for promoting rooting of graft cuttings by heating a medium on a planar heater is known.

JP 2003-38031 A JP 2003-304743 A JP-A-9-224491 JP-A-7-250565 Hartmann, H.T., D.E.Kester, F.T.Jr.Davies, and R. L. Geneve.2002. “Techniques of Grafting” in “Plant Propagation, Ed.7”, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp 880. p501. Terakura, Shibuya, and two others, “Effects of heating treatment of short-term supply culture during low-temperature storage of cucumber cuttings on quality during storage and rooting after storage”, Biological environment regulation, 42 (2 ), P. 331-337, 2004

As described with reference to FIGS. 11 (c) to 11 (d), it is necessary to keep the environmental atmosphere at a high humidity because the water is not easily supplied to the earwood and is easily deflated at the stage where the grafted ear is alive and stored at a low temperature. However, this causes the following problems.
(1) Special environmental control equipment is required to increase the humidity at a low temperature, resulting in high equipment costs.
(2) Since the graft cuttings are in a high humidity environment, they are prone to diseases caused by mold and the like.
(3) By storing the graft cuttings in a high humidity environment, the grafted seedlings tend to be soft in the subsequent curing / acclimation process.

  In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention reliably establishes the graft cutting head without deflating the graft cutting head by a simple method without controlling the environment for curing the graft cutting head immediately after joining the head tree and the rootstock to high humidity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising a grafted seedling of a vegetable that promotes rooting.

  Thus, according to the present invention, a step of joining a rootstock and a hogi in series to form a graft cutting ear, and a step of vertically holding and curing a plurality of the graft cutting ears using a holding member In the curing step, each grafted cutting is immersed in warm water maintained at 15 to 35 ° C. in a curing tank and optionally containing culture components until the ear can absorb water, and the ear is By maintaining the temperature of the exposed atmosphere at a temperature lower than that of the warm water and curing, a method for raising a grafted seedling of a vegetable that makes a rootstock and a hogi alive is used as a grafted seedling is provided.

Immediately after joining the rootstock and the hogi, the joint of the grafting head is not yet connected, it has a great deal of stress, and the water absorption capacity of the rootstock is also weak. According to the present invention, in the process of curing the grafted cutting head with much stress, the rootstock itself absorbs water by immersing the rootstock in the warm water up to the joint, so that the inside of the storage in the curing process is highly humidified. It is possible to reduce the wilting of hogi without making it. In addition, in the curing process, special expensive equipment such as maintaining a low temperature storage in high humidity is not required, and the graft cuttings can be cured with a simple curing device that does not require equipment costs.
Further, by locally heating the graft cuttings with warm water, the survival of the joint is promoted and the rooting preparation is completed. In other words, it is possible to obtain a healthy grafted seedling that is fully engulfed during a short-term curing process such as several days (1 to 5 days) and is ready for rootstock rooting. By planting in the culture medium, rooting actively, acclimatization to the outdoor environment is quick, and it is possible to shorten the seedling raising period.
In addition, even when grafted seedlings that have undergone a curing process are stored for long periods of time in low light and low temperature environmental conditions, the grafted seedlings are sufficiently ready for rooting and rooting, so even supply water from the rootstock part. This eliminates the need to maintain high humidity in the atmosphere, and eliminates the need for special and expensive equipment such as maintaining low-temperature storage in high humidity in low light / low temperature storage processes, greatly reducing equipment costs. Can do.

The vegetable grafting seedling raising method according to the present invention includes a step of joining a rootstock and a hotwood in series to form a grafted cutting, and holding a plurality of the grafted cuttings vertically using a holding member. And in the curing step, each graft grafted ear is immersed in warm water maintained at 15 to 35 ° C. in a curing tank and optionally containing culture components, until the ear can absorb water, and By maintaining the temperature of the atmosphere in which the hogi is exposed at a temperature lower than that of the warm water and curing, the rootstock and the hogi are alive and used as grafted seedlings.
The vegetable which this invention makes object is not specifically limited, For example, it can apply to the vegetable in which grafting is generally performed, such as eggplant, a tomato, and a cucumber.

The present invention may further include, after the curing step, a step (acclimation step) of implanting the grafted rootstock of the grafted seedling that has been pulled up from the warm water into the culture medium and acclimatizing the outdoor environment.
Furthermore, after the curing process, before planting into the culture medium, a process of storing the grafted seedlings that have been taken up from warm water at a low temperature for a predetermined period in a storage where the amount of light and hydration are adjusted (low light / low temperature storage process) May be provided.

(Curing process)
In the curing process, first prepare Hogi and rootstock. Hogi is obtained by cutting the upper part of the stem, leaving the leaves of the seedlings for hogi grown in advance. On the other hand, rootstocks are obtained by excising an upper part of a stem and a root part having leaves of seedlings for rootstocks that have been raised in advance. At this time, the cut surface that joins the hogi and the rootstock is cut, for example, obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the stem, but is not limited thereto.
In addition, a vegetable of the variety to be harvested is selected as the seedling for hogi, and a vegetable of a variety that has good roots and is resistant to disease is selected as the seedling for rootstock. Usually, the rootstock seedlings are selected from the same kind of vegetables as the seedlings for hogi and different varieties, but are not limited thereto. In the present invention, the use of rootstocks having roots is not necessarily limited, but it is preferable to use roots having no roots at the open ends of the rootstocks, for the same reason as described above. .

In the curing process, the temperature of the warm water in which the graft cuttings are immersed is preferably 15 to 35 ° C. from the viewpoint of sufficiently promoting the survival of rootstock and the rootstock and preparing rooting rootstock, and the ambient temperature is From the viewpoint of suppressing water evaporation from Hogi, the temperature is preferably at least lower than the temperature of hot water, and particularly preferably 0 to 15 ° C. In addition, the temperature of warm water is uniform in a curing tank, and 15-35 degreeC is set also near the junction part of a graft cutting ear. Moreover, although warm water should just be maintained in the temperature range of 15-35 degreeC, it is preferable to control to the more optimal temperature according to the kind of vegetable of a graft cutting head, for example, preferably 25-30 degreeC in eggplant The temperature is preferably 27 ° C, preferably 25 to 30 ° C for tomato, more preferably 27 ° C, and preferably 23 to 36 ° C, more preferably 28 ° C for cucumber.
If the temperature of the hot water is lower than 15 ° C., the grafting of the graft cuttings is delayed, and it becomes difficult to prepare for rooting. Therefore, the grafted seedlings planted in the medium after that have a slow root growth and tend to take days to acclimatize to the outdoor environment. On the other hand, if the water temperature is higher than 35 ° C., the rootstock will rise and die. In addition, if the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ° C, a low-temperature damage that damages the tissue of the hogi occurs. If the ambient temperature is higher than 20 ° C, the hotwood grows, making it impossible to adjust the production, and growing on a fragile grafted seedling. Tend to.

In the curing process, weak light may be irradiated continuously or intermittently to the graft cutting head, but light irradiation may not be performed. As a light source in the case of light irradiation, for example, a three-wavelength type white fluorescent lamp (FHF32EX-WH, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) can be used, and a light amount (photosynthesis effective photon flux density) is 0 to 30 μmol ⁻² s ^-1 is appropriate.

  The facilities and facilities for curing the graft cuttings are not particularly limited as long as the hot water and the atmospheric temperature can be controlled within the above temperature range, and a special device is not necessarily required. For example, a curing tank for storing warm water and a holding member for immersing in hot water up to a position where it can absorb water while holding the graft cutting ears vertically are necessary, but if the outside air temperature is 20 ° C or less, it is outdoors. It can be set as a simple apparatus structure which installs a curing tank and installs the heater with a temperature sensor in a curing tank. However, in order to maintain the atmospheric temperature and the water temperature within a certain range throughout the year, it is preferable to install a curing tank (for example, a thermostatic tank) in an air conditioned room to cure the graft cuttings. In the present invention, the graft cuttings are immersed in warm water up to a position where the ears can absorb water, and the water supply to the ears is reliably performed, so the environmental humidity is not particularly limited, and it is necessary to control the humidity Absent. Therefore, special and expensive equipment for maintaining the low-temperature air at high humidity can be omitted, and the curing device can be simplified and reduced in cost.

  In the curing process, the plurality of graft cuttings that are vertically held by the holding member may be immersed in warm water to a position where the ears can absorb water. Therefore, what is necessary is just to immerse the graft cutting ears in warm water so that the joint portion is below the water surface. On the other hand, even if the joint portion is above the water surface, the hot water may rise to the joint portion by capillarity using the holding member or the like so long as the hotwood can absorb water.

As the holding member used in the curing process, the following three types may be mentioned.
(A) A holding member consists of a plate-shaped holder. This plate-shaped holder is made of an elastic material having a plurality of holes and having a specific gravity smaller than that of the hot water in the curing tank. In this case, rootstock and hogi are inserted into each hole of the plate-shaped holder to maintain the joined state, and the plate-shaped holder is floated on the hot water in the curing tank.
(B) The holding member is composed of a plate-like holder similar to (A) and a plurality of cylindrical connectors formed by forming an axial cut in the elastic cylinder. In this case, the rootstock and the hotwood are inserted into the cylindrical connector and the bonded state is maintained, and the cylindrical connector holding the grafted ear is inserted into the hole of the plate-shaped holder. And the plate-shaped holder which hold | maintained several graft graft cutting heads vertically in this way is floated on the warm water of a curing tank.
(C) A holding member consists of a plurality of cylindrical connectors similar to (B) and a plurality of beads made of a material having a specific gravity smaller than that of the hot water in the curing tank. In this case, the hotwood and rootstock are inserted into the tubular connector to maintain the bonded state, and a plurality of beads are floated in layers on the warm water in the curing tank without gaps, and the grafted cuttings are held. A tubular connector is implanted vertically in the layer of beads.

According to such holding members (A) to (C), it is possible to hold the joint portion of the graft cutting ear in the warm water, the warm water surface or a position slightly above the water surface. When the joint of the graft cutting head is held at a position slightly above the water surface, hot water rises to the joint due to capillary action in the gap between the plate-shaped holder or cylindrical joint and the rootstock. Can absorb water.
As the material for the plate-like holder and beads, for example, a closed cell or open cell foamed plastic or sponge obtained by foaming a resin such as styrene resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, polyurethane, or the like with a foaming agent can be used. However, it is not limited to these. The plate-shaped holder may have a plurality of holes arranged in a line or a plurality of holes. Moreover, the diameter of the beads is preferably about 5 to 20 mm. The beads are not limited to a spherical shape.
A commercial item can be used for the cylindrical connector. As a commercial item, the brand name: Super With made from Nasnics Corporation can be used, for example.

In this invention, a curing process is complete | finished before a graft cutting ear roots from a sapro. This is because the graft cuttings are soaked in warm water to a position where they can absorb water, so that they root from the end of the spikes at the stage of engraftment, and the original function as a rootstock is lost.
The number of days that the ears root after dipping the grafted ears in warm water varies slightly depending on the type of vegetable. For example, it has been confirmed by experiments that it is 3-7 days for eggplant, 3-7 days for tomato, and 1-3 days for cucumber. In addition, it has been confirmed by experiments that the rooting of these various vegetables is sufficiently promoted before the rooting time. Therefore, depending on the type of vegetable, the graft cutting ear is pulled up from the warm water earlier than the rooting time, preferably 1-2 days earlier, and transferred to the next step (low light / low temperature storage step or acclimatization).

  Furthermore, in the curing process, when the rootstock of the graft cutting head is rooted, it is desirable to end the root before starting from the open end of the rootstock. This is because, when the rootstock roots, as described above, the roots are easily damaged when the grafted seedlings after joining the joints are planted in the culture medium. It has been confirmed by experiments that the number of days that rootstock roots after dipping the grafted ear in warm water is almost the same if the rootstock and rootstock are of the same kind. However, if rooting of the rootstock is slightly earlier than rooting of the rootstock, it is desirable to lift the graft cutting ear from warm water before rootstock rooting and move to the next step.

In the present invention, the rootstock of the graft cutting head may have a molding medium at the open end. In this case, before immersing the graft cutting head in warm water, the open end of the rootstock is planted in the molding medium. As the molding medium, those which do not dissolve in water or culture medium are preferable. For example, trade names made by Jiffy: Preformer box plug, trade names made by Glodan: glow cubes, trade names made by Nisso Green Co., Ltd .: An oasis cutting medium or the like can be used.
In this way, even if rootstock is rooted in warm water, the roots are still in the molding medium, so even if a grafted seedling raised from warm water is planted in the medium (nursery bed), the roots will not be damaged, and there is no concern about getting sick. Absent. Therefore, the end time of the curing process is not limited by rootstock rooting. Furthermore, it is preferable to root the grafted seedling during the curing process. Since the grafted seedlings are rooted, the water-absorbing power is increased, so that it becomes difficult to wither and it becomes easy to acclimatize to the outdoor (atmospheric) environment. However, of course, it is necessary to finish the curing process before rooting Hogi.

  In the present invention, the warm water may contain a culture component from the viewpoint of promoting the survival of the joints of the graft cuttings, and is particularly preferred when the roots of the graft cuttings do not have the molding medium. . Examples of the culture component generally include components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are effective for raising seedlings. For example, commercially available culture agents such as Otsuka House No. 1 and No. 2 manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. are used in warm water. Appropriate amount can be added to and used. In addition to the culture components, plant growth regulators such as benzyladenine may be added.

(Low light / low temperature storage process)
In the present invention, the grafted seedlings that have undergone the curing process may be stored for a predetermined period under low light and low temperature environmental conditions for the main purpose of production adjustment. At this time, it is necessary to supply water to the grafted seedlings, but since hogi and rootstock are alive, there is no need for equipment and facilities to maintain unreasonable environmental conditions such as maintaining low temperature air at high humidity. It is. For example, a cloth, a nonwoven fabric, or the like, where the open end of the seedling is immersed in water in a water tank (water temperature equivalent to room temperature) installed in a storage controlled to a low temperature (15 ° C. or less), or dampened continuously. The open end of the grafted seedling may be brought into contact with a water absorbent resin or a combination thereof. If the grafted seedling has a molding medium at the open end, it may be replenished with the above method. However, if water is periodically sprayed, moisture is stored in the molding medium. Can absorb moisture and nutrients in the molding medium. In addition, the holding member of the grafted seedling used in the curing process can be used as it is in the storage.

In the low light / low temperature storage step, the temperature (room temperature) and the water temperature are preferably 15 ° C. or lower in order to preserve the grafted seedlings for a certain period (several weeks to several months) with the growth of the grafted seedlings stopped or blunted. In addition, as the light source for irradiating the grafted seedling, the same light source as in the curing process can be used, and the light amount (photosynthesis effective photon flux density) is suitably from ⁰ to 30 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ , continuously or intermittently. Can be irradiated with light.
This low-light / low-temperature storage process has the role of curing grafted seedlings, but is mainly intended for production adjustment. Therefore, when it is desired to ship the grafted seedlings early, the low light / low temperature storage step may be omitted and the acclimation step described later may be performed immediately after the curing step.

(Acclimation process)
The acclimatization process is to plant the grafted seedlings after the training process or after the low light / low temperature storage process in a culture medium (nursery bed) to acclimatize to the outdoor environment in the atmosphere, and finally make the grafted seedlings ready for shipping. It is aimed. Therefore, in this acclimatization process, grafted seedlings are planted in the culture medium in facilities such as greenhouses with air conditioning equipment, water is sprayed regularly, and the temperature and humidity in the facility are brought close to the outdoor temperature every day. . If the grafted seedling is planted in a medium stored in a shipping pot, the subsequent grafted seedling can be easily shipped.

In the acclimatization process, the grafted seedlings are cured and acclimatized until they can withstand the outdoor environment, but the necessary period of time is the grafted seedlings (condition A) transferred immediately from the curing process and the grafted seedlings that have undergone the low light / low temperature storage process. It is slightly different from (Condition B), and further differs depending on whether the graft cutting in the curing process has no molding medium (Condition C) and when it has (Condition D). It also varies slightly depending on the type of vegetable of the grafted seedling. The number of days required for the acclimatization process in the case of various combinations will be described below.
<Eggplant>
Condition: A + C → Days to acclimatize: About 3-7 days Conditions: A + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days Conditions: B + C → Days to acclimate: About 3-7 days Conditions: B + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days <Tomato>
Condition: A + C → Days to acclimatize: About 3-7 days Conditions: A + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days Conditions: B + C → Days to acclimate: About 3-7 days Conditions: B + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days <Cucumber>
Condition: A + C → Days to acclimatize: About 2 to 4 days Conditions: A + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days Conditions: B + C → Days to acclimatize: About 2 to 4 days Conditions: B + D → Days to acclimatize: 0 days

Since the grafted seedlings (condition B) that have undergone the low light / low temperature storage process are cured to some extent during the low temperature storage period, the acclimatization period may be shorter than that of the grafted seedlings (condition A) transferred immediately after the curing process. When the graft cutting head in the curing process does not have a molding medium (Condition C), the grafting seedling is rooted by planting it in the medium, so it is necessary to cure to some extent in the acclimatization process. Rooting preparation is completed at, so it will actively root early after planting. On the other hand, in the case of having a molding medium (Condition D), since the grafted seedlings are rooted in the curing process, it is already in a state that can be adapted to the outdoor environment (a state that can be shipped), and therefore an acclimation process is necessarily required There is no, but it is more preferable if it is acclimatized.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a process explanatory view showing Embodiment 1 of the method for raising a grafted seedling of a vegetable of the present invention. In this seedling raising method, first, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), pre-prepared hogi 1 (stem length: about 30 mm) and rootless rootstock 1 (length: about 50 mm) Are joined and held in series by the grafting tool 11 (about 10 mm in length) to form the grafting head 3. The graft connector 11 used here is a commercially available product in which an axial cut (not shown) is formed in a tubular member with a hook generally made of elastic plastic (a joint without a hook may be used). For the sake of convenience, the contact surface (cut surface) of the joint 4 between the hogi 1 and the rootstock 2 is shown at right angles to the axial direction, but the actual contact surface is oblique.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (c) and FIG. 2, a plurality of holes 12a are arranged in a line and a notch 12b communicating with each hole 12a is formed. A holding cartridge (plate-shaped holder) 12 is prepared. The distance between the hole 12a and the hole 12a is preferably set so that the leaves of the adjacent graft cutting ears 3 do not overlap, and is set to, for example, about 20 to 50 mm. Then, the joining tool 11 is fitted into the hole 12a through the notch 12b of the holding cartridge 12 with the hogi 1 facing upward. Alternatively, the graft cutting head 3 may be inserted from the rootstock 2 into the hole 12a. As a result, the graft cutting head 3 is held perpendicular to the plane of the holding cartridge 12, and the joint 4 is positioned inside the hole 12 a of the holding cartridge 12 or below the holding cartridge 12. The holding cartridge 12 is made of foamed plastic or sponge that floats on water and also functions as a heat insulating material, and a recess 12c into which the flange 11a of the connector 11 is fitted is formed at the upper end opening of the hole 12a. Although the recess 12c of the holding cartridge 12 may not be provided, the flange 11a of the connector 11 is larger than the hole 12a, and is effective for holding the graft cutting ear 3 so as not to slide down because it is caught. It is.

Next, a plurality of seedling holding units U1 including a plurality of graft cuttings 3 and holding cartridges 12 holding these are installed in a curing device 13 in a curing facility as shown in FIG. to go into. At this time, a plurality of graft cuttings 3 can be transported by one holding cartridge 12, and transportability is excellent.
This curing device 13 circulates and supplies a curing tank 13a containing warm water Wh (culture solution) containing a culture agent, and purified warm water Wh in the curing tank 13a, and the temperature of the warm water Wh in the curing tank 13a. Is provided with hot water control means 13b. Further, the curing tank 13a is provided with a frame member 13d (for example, foamed plastic) for positioning the holding cartridge 12 so as not to be reversed by fitting the holding cartridge 12 at a height position near the water surface of the hot water Wh on the inner peripheral surface. The hot water control means 13b includes a circulation pipe 113a for supplying and discharging the warm water Wh in the curing tank 13a, a pump and a filter connected to the circulation pipe 113a, and a heater for controlling the warm water Wh to 15 to 35 ° C. . Further, in the curing facility where the curing device 13 is installed, a low light lamp 13c that irradiates the graft cutting head 3 with weak light, and an air conditioner that can control the indoor air temperature are provided.

In the curing process, the seedling holding unit U1 floats on the warm water Wh, the rootstock 2 is immersed in the warm water Wh at 15 to 35 ° C. up to the joint 4 of the graft cutting ear 3, and the hot tree 1 has a temperature 0 to 20 lower than that of the warm water. Exposed in air at ℃. Moreover, the light of 0-30 μmolm ⁻² s ⁻¹ is emitted from the weak light lamp 13 c. In addition, since light is not essential for grafting, the curing effect is slightly inferior, but it is possible even in the dark. In this state, the graft cutting head 3 is cured until just before one of the joint 4 and rootstock 2 is rooted. Thereby, at the end of the curing process, a graft cutting head 5 is obtained in which the joint portion is alive and the root base 5a is provided at the open end of the rootstock 2 as shown in FIG. 1 (e).

The seedling holding unit U1 is taken out from the curing device 13 before the roots 1 and rootstocks 2 are rooted, and then immediately moved to an acclimation process, or is subjected to an acclimation process through a low light / low temperature storage process. Moved.
In the acclimatization process, as shown in FIG. 1 (g), the seedling unit U1 is transported from the curing facility to an acclimatization facility that can be air-conditioned, and the grafted seedling 5 is planted in the medium B in each pot in the acclimatization facility. While gradually sprinkling water, gradually bring environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity inside the facility closer to the same environment as outdoors. Since the grafted seedling 5 that has been planted has the root source base 5a, about 20 to 30 young and energetic roots are rooted in just a few days (in some cases one day) immediately after planting.

  On the other hand, when moving to the low light / low temperature storage process, as shown in FIG. 1 (f), the water in the water tank 15 provided in the low temperature storage room provided with the low light source 15 and capable of controlling the room temperature and ventilation is provided. In Wc, the seedling unit U1 conveyed from the curing facility is floated and stored for a predetermined period. A circulation device 17 that purifies and circulates water in the water tank 16 may be provided. In the weak light / storage process, the temperature and water temperature are 0-15 degreeC, Preferably it is 0-10 degreeC unlike the curing process that the water Wc in a water tank is not heated. The time for taking out the grafted seedling 5 from the low temperature storage and planting it in the culture medium B as shown in FIG. 1 (g) is arbitrary, and the planting time may be determined by calculating backward from the scheduled shipping date and the number of days required for curing and acclimatization.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3: is process explanatory drawing which shows Embodiment 2 of the seedling raising method of the grafting seedling of the vegetable of this invention. In FIG. 3, the same elements as those in FIG. In this seedling raising method, first, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), a pre-prepared hogi 1 and a rootless rootstock 1 are joined and held in series by a grafting joint 11 and grafted cuttings are inserted. 3 is formed. The process so far is the same as in the first embodiment, but thereafter, the open end of the graft cutting ear 3 is planted in the molding medium 6. And as shown in FIG.3 (c), the graft cutting head 3 which has the shaping | molding culture medium 6 is inserted in each hole 12a of the said holding cartridge 12, and the seedling holding unit U2 is formed.

Then, as shown in FIG.3 (d), several seedling holding unit U2 is installed in the curing tank 13a of the curing apparatus 13 similar to FIG. 1, and the rootstock 2 below from the junction part 4 of the graft cutting head 3 is shown. Is immersed in warm water Wh. In this case, since the culture component is contained in the molding medium 6, the warm water Wh may not contain the culture agent. Then, the joint 4 is vibrated with the graft cutting ear 3 under the same environmental conditions as those of the first embodiment, such as an air temperature of 0 to 20 ° C., a water temperature of 15 to 35 ° C., and an amount of light of 0 to 30 μmol ⁻² s ⁻¹ . In addition, before the junction part 4 roots, a grafting seedling is pulled up from the warm water Wh.
By this curing process, at the end of the process, as shown in FIG. 3 (e), the joint 4 is alive, and depending on the type of vegetable and the type of rootstock 2, a root 25a grows in the molding medium 6 at the open end. A grafted seedling 25 is obtained.

Thereafter, the seedling holding unit U2 is taken out from the curing device 13, and the grafted seedling 25 is planted in the medium B in the pot 14 as shown in FIG. The grafted seedling 25 planted in the medium B has a physical strength that has already rooted and can withstand the outdoor environment.
Further, before the grafted seedling 25 is planted in the medium B, the grafted seedling 25 may be stored under low light and low temperature environmental conditions as shown in FIG. In this case, the seedling holding unit U2 may be moved into a low-temperature storage having the weak light source 15 and capable of controlling the indoor air temperature and ventilation, and periodically watered. For example, in FIG.3 (f), the shelf 18 for installing the seedling holding unit U2 is provided in the low temperature storage, the watering pipe 19 is laid under the molding medium 6, and water is supplied from the water supply source 20 to the watering pipe 19. The case is illustrated. The temperature in the storage is 0 to 15 ° C., preferably 0 to 10 ° C., as in the first embodiment. The time for taking out the grafted seedling 5 from the low-temperature storage and planting it in the medium B as shown in FIG. 3 (g) is arbitrary, and can be shipped immediately after planting.

(Holding form of graft cuttings)
In the above-described first and second embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the joint 4 of the graft cutting ear 3 is held by the cylindrical joint 11, and the joint 11 is fitted into the hole 12 a of the holding cartridge 12 so as to seed the seedling. The holding unit is formed, and the seedling holding unit is fitted into the frame member 13d in the curing tank 13a and exemplified as a cartridge type that floats on the surface of the warm water Wh. You may do it.
For example, as shown in FIG. 5, first, a foamed plastic panel (plate-shaped holder) 31 having a plurality of holes 31a in parallel and having substantially the same size as the opening size of the curing tank 13a is prepared. Then, the foamed plastic panel 31 is floated on the warm water Wh in the curing tank 13a, and a plurality of graft cuttings 3 held by the connector 11 are sequentially inserted from the rootstock 2 into the holes 31a of the foamed plastic panel 31. Go. According to this method, the transportability of grafted seedlings to the next process facility is better than the cartridge type.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the tubular joint is omitted, and the graft cutting head 3 is held vertically at the joint portion only by the plate-shaped holder 41 in which a plurality of holes are arranged in one or a plurality of rows. It may be. In this case, the plate-like holder 41 is formed of a material (for example, sponge) that holds the joint 4 firmly so as not to come off and has appropriate elasticity and heat insulation that can cope with stem growth and floats on water. Is done. According to this method, since the hogi 1 and the rootstock 2 are directly inserted into the holding cartridge 4, it is possible to reduce the process of joining with the graft joint and to reduce the cost of the graft joint. In addition, since a joining tool is not required for the grafted seedlings after being settled, it can contribute to resource saving.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, without using a plate-shaped holder, a large number of foam beads 51 are floated on the warm water Wh, and the graft cutting head 3 held by the connector 11 is transferred from the rootstock 2 to the foam beads 51. Insert into the layer. Even in this case, it is possible to immerse the joint cutting part 3 in the hot water Wh while keeping the graft cutting head 3 vertically. According to this method, it is possible to freely adjust the interval between the graft cutting ears 3 and to cope with a case where a molding medium is provided.

The demonstration experiment which investigated the survival condition of the junction part of the graft cutting ear | edge after the curing start was cured by the three methods shown in FIG.
Example 1
The graft cuttings were cured based on the method of Embodiment 1 described with reference to FIGS. In the curing process, the temperature was controlled to 10 ° C., water temperature 28 ° C., relative humidity 80%, and photosynthetic effective photon flux density 10 μmolm ⁻² s ^−1, and the temperature at the junction was maintained at 26 ° C. The temperature at the joint was measured by inserting a temperature sensor into the graft joint.
(Comparative Example 1)
The graft cuttings were cured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the air temperature was 9 ° C, the water temperature was 10 ° C, the relative humidity was 90%, and the temperature of the joint was 10 ° C.
(Comparative Example 2)
Based on the method described in FIGS. 1A to 1B, grafted cuttings were formed, and rootstocks of the grafted cuttings were planted in a medium in a greenhouse. The inside of the greenhouse had an air temperature of 15-30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 99%, and the medium was sprayed to such an extent that it did not dry.

The method of examining the survival state of the graft cutting heads of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is that when the cuttings of the graft cutting heads with the joints removed are fixed, the lower part of the rootstock is pulled, and the joints are cut off. The tensile strength (load) was evaluated as the survival strength, and the results are shown in FIG. In addition, for the tensile strength measurement in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, 8 grafted cuttings were used for each.
From the results of FIG. 9, it was found that Example 1 treated with warm water by low temperature atmosphere management was alive at a rate about twice that of Comparative Example 2 cured in a greenhouse. Moreover, it turned out that the comparative example 1 which carried out the cold water process by low temperature atmosphere management hardly progressed even if it passed four days from the curing first day.
Further, the state of wilting of the grafted seedlings of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (each of 8 individuals) 4 days after curing was observed. In Example 1, no wilt was observed, and in Comparative Example 1, wilt was observed, and the water content in the leaves was greatly reduced.

In addition, the grafted seedlings of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 (10 individuals each) after 4 days after curing were implanted into a medium in a facility controlled at a room temperature of 26 ° C. and a relative humidity of 99%, and sprinkling water to such an extent that the medium was not dried. Raised seedlings. The weights of the roots of the grafted seedlings 4 days after the planting and the heads above the roots (remainder = hogi + rootstock) were measured to determine the average value, and the results are shown in FIG. From this result, it was found that Example 1 grew about 1.5 times in the head part and about 18 times in the root part as compared with Comparative Example 1.
Therefore, according to the vegetable grafting seedling raising method of the present invention, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the grafting seedling curing by a simple grafting seedling survival promoting device, and prevent wilting even in low-temperature storage by production adjustment I can say that.

It is process explanatory drawing which shows Embodiment 1 of the seedling raising method of the grafting seedling of the vegetable of this invention. 3 is a perspective view of a holding cartridge according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is process explanatory drawing which shows Embodiment 2 of the seedling raising method of the grafting seedling of the vegetable of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the holding form 1 of the graft cutting head in this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the holding | maintenance form 2 of the graft cutting head in this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the holding form 3 of the graft cutting head in this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the holding | maintenance form 4 of the graft cutting head in this invention. It is a figure which shows the curing state of the graft cutting head of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It is a graph which shows the survival condition of the graft cutting head of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. 3 is a graph showing the weight of grafted seedlings of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the example of a production process of the conventional common graft seedling.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hogi 2 Rootstock 3 Graft cutting 4 Joint part 5, 25 Graft seedling 5a Root source 6 Molding medium 11 Graft joint 12 Holding cartridge 13 Curing device 15 Ambient lamp 25a Root A Air B Medium Wh Warm water Wc Water (Cold water)
U1, U2 Seedling holding unit

Claims (7)

A step of joining a rootstock and a hogi in series to form a graft cutting ear, and a step of holding and curing a plurality of the graft cutting ears vertically using a holding member,
In the curing step, each graft grafted ear is immersed in warm water maintained at 15 to 35 ° C. in a curing tank and optionally containing culture components until a position where the spike can absorb water, and the spike is exposed. A method for raising a grafted seedling of a vegetable, characterized in that the rootstock and the hogi are alive and maintained as a grafted seedling by maintaining the temperature at a temperature lower than that of the warm water.   The method for raising a grafted seedling of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the curing step is completed before the graft cuttings are rooted from the spikelets.   The method for raising a grafted seedling for vegetables according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the atmosphere is 0 to 20 ° C in the curing step.   The said rootstock is a seedling raising method of the grafting seedling of the vegetable as described in any one of Claims 1-3 which does not have a root in an open end.   The said curing process is a seedling-raising method for grafted seedlings of vegetables according to claim 4, which is completed before rooting from the open end of the rootstock.   6. The method for raising a grafted seedling of a vegetable according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a step of planting a grafted seedling after being taken up from warm water after the curing step into a culture medium and acclimatizing to an outdoor environment. .   7. The vegetable according to claim 6, further comprising a step of storing the grafted seedlings after cultivating pulled up from warm water at a low temperature for a predetermined period in a storage where the amount of light and hydration are adjusted before planting in the culture medium after the curing step. To raise seedlings

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