JP2007260590A - Desalination method for waste - Google Patents
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- JP2007260590A JP2007260590A JP2006090608A JP2006090608A JP2007260590A JP 2007260590 A JP2007260590 A JP 2007260590A JP 2006090608 A JP2006090608 A JP 2006090608A JP 2006090608 A JP2006090608 A JP 2006090608A JP 2007260590 A JP2007260590 A JP 2007260590A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010782 bulky waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010850 non-combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生し、処理の難しい高濃度の塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する焼却灰や、セメント焼成キルンなどから発生する塩素高含有ダストなどの廃棄物の脱塩処理方法に関する。 The present invention is to dispose of incinerated ash containing high concentrations of chlorine and / or alkali metals that are difficult to treat, such as incineration ash that is generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste, and high chlorine content dust generated from cement fired kilns, etc. The present invention relates to a method for desalinating a product.
都市ごみなどの一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生する焼却灰は、一般的なストーカ炉（火格子炉）を用いた焼却による場合に、焼却炉底に残る焼却残渣（焼却主灰）と、集塵装置に捕集されるばいじん（焼却飛灰）に大別される。
また、塩素高含有ダストとしては、各種廃棄物の溶融設備から発生する溶融飛灰や、セメント焼成キルンから発生するセメントキルンパイパスダストなどが挙げられる。
Incineration ash generated by incineration of municipal waste and other general waste and industrial waste is the incineration residue (incineration main ash) that remains at the bottom of the incinerator when incinerated using a general stoker furnace (grate furnace) And soot and dust (incineration fly ash) collected by the dust collector.
Examples of the high chlorine-containing dust include molten fly ash generated from a melting facility for various wastes, and cement kiln bypass dust generated from a cement fired kiln.
これまで、これらの廃棄物はいずれも、主に埋立処分が施されてきた。
しかしながら、近年、既存の埋立処分場の残余年数が逼迫してきており、また新規の埋立処分場立地も環境問題などの面から非常に難しい状況にある。そのため、焼却灰は、有効利用を図るために、粘土などの副原料と共に混合焼成されて煉瓦に加工されるか、あるいは、１０００℃前後の高温にて溶融されてスラグ化することにより減量化した後に、埋立処分が施されるか、または路盤材やコンクリート用骨材として再利用する試みがなされている。
さらに、セメント産業においては、セメント製造用天然原料の代替として焼却灰が利用されつつある。
しかしながら、焼却灰を用いた煉瓦や溶融スラグは、品質に劣るため需要が少なく、また鉛などの重金属類が溶出するという問題がある。これに加えて、煉瓦の焼成や、焼却灰の溶融スラグ化には多量のエネルギーが必要であり、その処理費用は非常に高価となる。
So far, all of these wastes have been mainly landfilled.
However, in recent years, the remaining years of existing landfill sites are becoming tight, and the location of new landfill sites is very difficult from the viewpoint of environmental problems. Therefore, incineration ash is reduced in weight by either being mixed and fired with auxiliary materials such as clay and processed into bricks, or melted at a high temperature of around 1000 ° C. and made into slag for effective use. Later, landfill disposal has been performed, or attempts have been made to reuse it as roadbed material or concrete aggregate.
Furthermore, in the cement industry, incinerated ash is being used as an alternative to natural raw materials for cement production.
However, bricks and molten slag using incinerated ash are inferior in quality and therefore have little demand, and there is a problem that heavy metals such as lead are eluted. In addition to this, a large amount of energy is required for baking bricks and making molten slag of incinerated ash, and the processing costs are very expensive.
ところで、セメントは、酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）、二酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ２）、酸化アルミニウム（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）、酸化鉄（III）（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）を主成分としている。そのため、セメントには、これらの成分を含む廃棄物を原料として使用できるため、これまでに様々な廃棄物が利用されている。
しかしながら、一般廃棄物や産業廃棄物の焼却灰、溶融飛灰、セメントキルンパイパスダストなどには、かなり高濃度の塩素またはアルカリ金属のいずれか一方、あるいは、塩素およびアルカリ金属の両方が含まれている。セメント中に塩素が多量に含まれると、鉄筋コンクリートでは、鉄筋が腐食し、その耐久性が低下する。そのため、ＪＩＳ規格には、セメント中の塩素含有量を３５０ｐｐｍ以下と規定されている。同様に、セメント中にナトリウムやカリウムなどのアルカリ金属が多量に含まれると、このアルカリ金属がコンクリートを劣化させるアルカリ骨材反応の原因となる。そのため、ＪＩＳ規格には、セメント中の全アルカリ含有量をＲ２Ｏ（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋０．６５８Ｋ２Ｏ）＝０．７５％以下と規定されている。
By the way, the cement contains calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and iron (III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) as main components. Therefore, since waste containing these components can be used as a raw material for cement, various wastes have been used so far.
However, incineration ash, molten fly ash, cement kiln bypass dust, etc. for general and industrial waste contain either a fairly high concentration of chlorine or alkali metals, or both chlorine and alkali metals. Yes. When a large amount of chlorine is contained in the cement, the reinforced concrete corrodes the reinforcing steel and lowers its durability. Therefore, the JIS standard stipulates that the chlorine content in cement is 350 ppm or less. Similarly, when a large amount of alkali metal such as sodium or potassium is contained in the cement, the alkali metal causes an alkali aggregate reaction that deteriorates the concrete. Therefore, the JIS standard stipulates that the total alkali content in the cement is R 2 O (Na 2 O + 0.658K 2 O) = 0.75% or less.
そこで、現在、セメント工場において、焼却灰をセメントの代替材料として使用する場合、主に水洗処理によって脱塩（塩素およびアルカリ金属の除去）が行われている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。 Therefore, at present, when incineration ash is used as an alternative material for cement in cement factories, desalting (removal of chlorine and alkali metals) is mainly performed by washing with water (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、一般廃棄物の焼却残渣（焼却主灰）については、単に水で洗浄しただけでは、含有している塩素の一部しか水に溶解しないため、塩素の除去率は５０％程度であった。詳細は不明であるが、この理由は、焼却残渣に含まれる塩素が、焼却残渣の粒子表面に塩化ナトリウム（ＮａＣｌ）、塩化カリウム（ＫＣｌ）、塩化カルシウム（ＣａＣｌ２）などの水に溶け易い形態、水に溶け難いフリーデル氏塩（３ＣａＯ・Ａｌ２Ｏ３・ＣａＣｌ２・１０Ｈ２Ｏ）などの化合物、あるいは、焼却灰の粒子内部に強固に取り込まれた水に溶けにくい形態として存在しているからであると推定される。 However, for the incineration residue (incineration main ash) of general waste, only a portion of the contained chlorine is dissolved in the water simply by washing with water, so the chlorine removal rate was about 50%. . Details are unknown, but this is because the chlorine contained in the incineration residue is easily dissolved in water such as sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) on the particle surface of the incineration residue. , A compound such as Friedel's salt (3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · CaCl 2 · 10H 2 O) that is hardly soluble in water, or a form that is hardly soluble in water that is firmly incorporated in the particles of incineration ash It is estimated that this is because
上記課題に対して既に本発明者は、焼却残渣（焼却主灰）を洗浄する際に、洗浄水に酸を添加し、洗浄水のｐＨを８〜１０の範囲に調整することにより、焼却残渣からの重金属の溶出を抑制しながら、効果的に焼却残渣から塩素を除去する処理方法を提案している（例えば、特許文献２参照。）。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor added an acid to the washing water when washing the incineration residue (incineration main ash), and adjusted the pH of the washing water to a range of 8 to 10, thereby incineration residue. Has proposed a treatment method for effectively removing chlorine from the incineration residue while suppressing elution of heavy metals from (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
しかしながら、特許文献２に開示されている処理方法は、硫酸などの腐食性の酸を使用するため、高価な耐酸設備や廃水処理設備が必要となり、イニシャルおよびランニングコストが非常に高く、実用上大きな問題があった。
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するためになされたものであって、金属を腐食させる危険な酸を使用することなく、一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生し、処理の難しい高濃度の塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する焼却灰や、セメント焼成キルンなどから発生する塩素高含有ダストなどの廃棄物から塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を効率よく除去する廃棄物の脱塩処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste without using a dangerous acid that corrodes metals, and has a high concentration that is difficult to process. A waste desalination method that efficiently removes chlorine and / or alkali metals from waste such as incinerated ash containing chlorine and / or alkali metals and dust containing high amounts of chlorine generated from cement kilns, etc. The purpose is to do.
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を行った結果、廃棄物に超高圧の水を噴射することにより、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を効率的に除去することができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors efficiently remove chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in the waste by injecting ultra-high pressure water into the waste. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する廃棄物に高圧の水を噴射し、前記塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を除去することを特徴とする。 That is, the waste desalting method of the present invention is characterized in that high-pressure water is jetted onto a waste containing chlorine and / or alkali metal to remove the chlorine and / or alkali metal.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、前記廃棄物が、一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生する焼却残渣、ばいじん、溶融飛灰、セメント焼成キルンから発生するセメントキルンパイパスダストの群から選択された１種または２種以上であることが好ましい。 In the waste desalination method of the present invention, the waste is a group of cement kiln bypass dust generated from incineration residue, dust, molten fly ash, and cement fired kiln generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste. It is preferable that it is 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、前記高圧の水の吐出圧力が、１００ＭＰａ以上かつ２５０ＭＰａ以下であることが好ましい。 In the waste desalting method of the present invention, the discharge pressure of the high-pressure water is preferably 100 MPa or more and 250 MPa or less.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、上記の高圧の水の噴射による処理を２回以上繰り返すことが好ましい。 In the waste desalting method of the present invention, it is preferable to repeat the above-described treatment by high-pressure water injection twice or more.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、前記高圧の水を噴射する前に、前記廃棄物を粉砕することが好ましい。 In the waste desalting method of the present invention, the waste is preferably pulverized before the high-pressure water is jetted.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、前記廃棄物に粗大な粒子、金属類が混在する場合に、前記廃棄物の乾燥および磁力選別を行った後、分級によって粗大粒子部分と微粉部分とに分離し、前記微粉部分のみに高圧の水を噴射することが好ましい。 In the waste desalination method of the present invention, when coarse particles and metals are mixed in the waste, after the waste is dried and magnetically sorted, the coarse particle portion and the fine powder portion are classified by classification. It is preferable that high pressure water is injected only into the fine powder portion.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法によれば、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する廃棄物に高圧の水を噴射し、前記塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を除去するので、従来技術よりも低コスト、かつ、非常に高い効率にて、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を除去することができる。また、本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法によれば、腐食性かつ取扱いの難しい硫酸などの酸や、高価な耐酸設備や廃水処理設備が不要となる。したがって、これまでに廃棄物として大半が埋立て処分されていた焼却灰などをセメント原料として多量に使用する事が可能となる。 According to the method for desalinating waste of the present invention, high-pressure water is jetted onto waste containing chlorine and / or alkali metal to remove the chlorine and / or alkali metal. It is possible to remove chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in the waste at low cost and very high efficiency. Moreover, according to the waste desalting method of the present invention, an acid such as sulfuric acid that is corrosive and difficult to handle, an expensive acid-resistant facility, and a wastewater treatment facility are not required. Accordingly, it is possible to use a large amount of incinerated ash, etc., which has been mostly disposed of as waste until now, as a raw material for cement.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法の最良の形態について説明する。
なお、この形態は、発明の趣旨をより良く理解させるために具体的に説明するものであり、特に指定のない限り、本発明を限定するものではない。
The best mode of the waste desalinating method of the present invention will be described.
This embodiment is specifically described for better understanding of the gist of the invention, and does not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified.
本発明の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法は、塩素およびアルカリ金属の両方、あるいは、塩素またはアルカリ金属のいずれか一方を含有する廃棄物に高圧の水を噴射し、塩素およびアルカリ金属の両方、あるいは、塩素またはアルカリ金属のいずれか一方を、廃棄物から除去するものである。 The waste desalinating method of the present invention is a method for injecting high-pressure water into waste containing both chlorine and alkali metals, or either chlorine or alkali metals, and both chlorine and alkali metals, or Any one of chlorine and alkali metals is removed from waste.
本発明において、廃棄物は、一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生する焼却残渣、ばいじん、各種溶融設備から発生する溶融飛灰、セメント焼成キルンから発生するセメントキルンパイパスダストの群から選択された１種または２種以上である。
なお、一般廃棄物は、一般家庭の日常生活に伴って生じた廃棄物（生ごみ、不燃性ごみ、粗大ごみなど）の「家庭系一般廃棄物」と、事業活動に伴って生じた廃棄物のうち産業廃棄物以外の廃棄物の「事業系一般廃棄物」とに分類される、いわゆる都市ごみのことである。
また、産業廃棄物は、事業活動に伴って生じた廃棄物であって、燃え殻、汚泥、廃油、廃酸、廃アルカリ、廃プラスチック類の６種類と、その他「廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令」で定めるゴムくず、金属くず、ガラスくずなどの１３種類の計１９種類の廃棄物のことである。
In the present invention, the waste is selected from the group of incineration residue generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste, dust, molten fly ash generated from various melting facilities, and cement kiln bypass dust generated from a cement fired kiln. 1 type or 2 types or more.
In addition, general waste includes “domestic general waste” such as waste (non-combustible waste, bulky waste, etc.) generated with daily life of general households and waste generated with business activities. This is so-called municipal waste that is classified as “business-related general waste” of waste other than industrial waste.
In addition, industrial waste is waste generated in the course of business activities, and includes six types of burning husk, sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, waste plastics, and other “Law on Waste Disposal and Cleaning” It is a total of 19 types of waste such as rubber scraps, metal scraps, glass scraps, etc. as defined in the “Enforcement Ordinance”.
また、本発明において、廃棄物の形状は、粉粒体、砂礫、クリンカ状など如何なる形状であってもよく、特に限定されない。粒子の大きさは、最大長軸径が２０ｍｍ程度のものであれば処理可能であるが、粒子径が小さければ小さいほど脱塩効果は高くなる。 Further, in the present invention, the shape of the waste may be any shape such as a granular material, a gravel, or a clinker shape, and is not particularly limited. The particles can be processed if the maximum major axis diameter is about 20 mm, but the smaller the particle diameter, the higher the desalting effect.
高圧の水は、ウォータージェットと呼ばれ、超高圧ポンプにより加圧加速された水であり、その猛烈な衝突力を利用してコンクリート構造物のはつり、鋼構造物の塗膜や錆びの除去、あるいは、切断などに利用されているものである。高圧の水を発生する装置は比較的安価で、かつ、ランニングコストも安価である。 High-pressure water is called water jet and is pressurized and accelerated by an ultra-high pressure pump. Using its intense impact force, the concrete structure is suspended, the coating film and rust on the steel structure are removed, Alternatively, it is used for cutting or the like. An apparatus that generates high-pressure water is relatively inexpensive and has a low running cost.
塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する廃棄物に噴射する高圧の水の吐出圧力は、１００ＭＰａ以上かつ２５０ＭＰａ以下であることが好ましく、１５０ＭＰａ以上かつ２００ＭＰａ以下であることがより好ましい。
高圧の水の吐出圧力が１００ＭＰａ未満では、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を十分に除去することが出来ない。一方、高圧の水の吐出圧力が２５０ＭＰａを超えると、水の廃棄物に対する衝突エネルギーが大きいため、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属の除去効率が高くなるものの、従来技術よりも高コストになる。なお、高圧の水の吐出圧力とそれを発生させる超高圧ポンプの価格は比例するため、廃棄物の性状に合せて適切な処理コストとなるように、高圧の水の吐出圧力、および、それを発生させる装置を選択することが好ましい。
The discharge pressure of the high-pressure water sprayed onto the waste containing chlorine and / or alkali metal is preferably 100 MPa or more and 250 MPa or less, and more preferably 150 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less.
When the discharge pressure of the high-pressure water is less than 100 MPa, chlorine and / or alkali metal contained in the waste cannot be sufficiently removed. On the other hand, if the discharge pressure of the high-pressure water exceeds 250 MPa, the collision energy against the waste of water is large, so the efficiency of removing chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in the waste is increased, but the cost is higher than that of the prior art become. Since the discharge pressure of high-pressure water is proportional to the price of the ultrahigh-pressure pump that generates it, the discharge pressure of high-pressure water and the It is preferable to select the device to be generated.
さらに、高圧の水の吐出量は、廃棄物の量に応じて適宜調整されるが、通常、廃棄物の３〜１０倍程度に調整される。このように高圧の水の吐出量を廃棄物の３〜１０倍程度に調整することにより、廃棄物が一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生する焼却残渣（焼却主灰）の場合、塩素の除去率はおよそ９０％に達する。 Furthermore, the discharge amount of high-pressure water is appropriately adjusted according to the amount of waste, but is usually adjusted to about 3 to 10 times that of waste. By adjusting the discharge amount of high-pressure water to about 3 to 10 times that of waste in this way, if the waste is incineration residue (incineration main ash) generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste, chlorine The removal rate reaches approximately 90%.
また、本発明では、上述の高圧の水の噴射による廃棄物の処理（塩素の除去）を２回以上繰り返すことが好ましい。このように高圧の水の噴射による処理を２回以上繰り返すことにより、１回の処理よりも、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属の除去率をより高めることができる。 Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to repeat the above-described waste treatment (removal of chlorine) by jetting high-pressure water twice or more. Thus, by repeating the process by high-pressure water injection twice or more, the removal rate of chlorine and / or alkali metal contained in the waste can be further increased as compared with one process.
ところで、廃棄物の中でも、一般廃棄物または産業廃棄物の焼却によって発生する焼却残渣（焼却主灰）は、焼却炉内で局所的に高温に曝されると溶融して粗大化する。したがって、焼却炉から排出される焼却残渣（焼却主灰）は、粗大粒子と微粉とが混在した塊状をなす。このような塊状の焼却残渣に高圧の水を噴射しても、粗大粒子内部に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を効果的に除去することは困難である。
そこで、焼却残渣を粉砕し、粒径を小さくしたものに高圧の水を噴射することにより、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属の除去をさらに効果的に行うことができる。なお、粉砕後の焼却残渣の粒径は特に規定されないが、粒径は１ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、０．５ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましい。
By the way, among wastes, incineration residues (incineration main ash) generated by incineration of general waste or industrial waste melt and become coarse when locally exposed to high temperatures in an incinerator. Therefore, the incineration residue (incineration main ash) discharged from the incinerator forms a lump in which coarse particles and fine powder are mixed. Even when high-pressure water is sprayed onto such a massive incineration residue, it is difficult to effectively remove chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in coarse particles.
Therefore, chlorine and / or alkali metal can be removed more effectively by pulverizing the incineration residue and injecting high-pressure water onto a particle having a reduced particle size. In addition, although the particle size of the incineration residue after pulverization is not particularly defined, the particle size is preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less.
また、一般廃棄物の焼却炉から排出される焼却残渣は、通常、水をかけて冷却するため湿潤状態であるばかりでなく、空き缶などの金属類、陶磁器やガラス類などの粗大不燃物も混入している。したがって、焼却残渣を乾燥させ、磁力選別による鉄などの金属除去を行った後、風力やふるいによる分級により、陶磁器やガラス類などの粗大粒子部分と、焼却残渣である微粉部分に分離することによって、セメント原料としてより適当なものとすることができる。 Also, incineration residues discharged from general waste incinerators are usually not wet because they are cooled with water, but they also contain metals such as empty cans and coarse incombustibles such as ceramics and glass. is doing. Therefore, after drying incineration residue and removing metals such as iron by magnetic separation, it is separated into coarse particle parts such as ceramics and glass and fine powder part that is incineration residue by classification with wind force and sieve. It can be made more suitable as a cement raw material.
例えば、ふるいを使用して粗大粒子部分と微粉部分とに分離する場合、使用するふるいの目開きを２ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍとすることによって微粉部分を分離することができる。焼却残渣に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属は微粉部分に偏るため、微粉部分だけを選択的にウォータージェットで洗浄することで、一層効率的に、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属の除去を行うことができる。そして、粗大粒子部分はそのままセメント原料として使用することもできる。
なお、磁力などにより分離した鉄くずなどは、セメントの原料調合上、使用量が制約され、また、製造原料粉砕機のトラブルの原因となるため、セメント工場で全量を処理することはできない。
For example, when separating a coarse particle portion and a fine powder portion using a sieve, the fine powder portion can be separated by setting the opening of the sieve to be used to 2 mm to 20 mm. Chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in the incineration residue are biased to the fine powder portion, so that the chlorine and / or alkali metal can be removed more efficiently by selectively washing only the fine powder portion with a water jet. it can. The coarse particle portion can also be used as a cement raw material as it is.
It should be noted that the amount of iron scraps separated by magnetic force and the like is restricted in the amount of cement raw material used, and causes a trouble in the manufacturing raw material crusher, so that the entire amount cannot be processed in the cement factory.
この実施形態の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法によれば、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を含有する廃棄物に高圧の水を噴射し、塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を除去するので、従来技術よりも低コスト、かつ、非常に高い効率にて、廃棄物に含まれる塩素および／またはアルカリ金属を除去することができる。また、この実施形態の廃棄物の脱塩処理方法によれば、腐食性かつ取扱いの難しい硫酸などの酸や、高価な耐酸設備や廃水処理設備が不要となる。さらに、硫酸などの酸を使用する必要がないため、廃棄物の脱塩処理工程において発生する水素ガスや悪臭による危険を避けることができる。したがって、これまでに廃棄物として大半が埋立て処分されていた焼却灰などをセメント原料として多量に使用する事が可能となり、社会的、経済的なメリットは大きい。 According to the waste desalination treatment method of this embodiment, high-pressure water is jetted onto the waste containing chlorine and / or alkali metal to remove chlorine and / or alkali metal. It is possible to remove chlorine and / or alkali metals contained in the waste at low cost and very high efficiency. In addition, according to the waste desalting method of this embodiment, an acid such as sulfuric acid that is corrosive and difficult to handle, an expensive acid-resistant facility, and a wastewater treatment facility are not required. Furthermore, since there is no need to use an acid such as sulfuric acid, it is possible to avoid dangers caused by hydrogen gas and bad odor generated in the waste desalination process. Accordingly, it is possible to use a large amount of incinerated ash, etc., which has been mostly disposed of as waste until now, as a raw material for cement, which has great social and economic advantages.
以下、実施例１〜４および比較例１〜６により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely by Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
「使用材料」
廃棄物として、２４時間連続運転、焼却能力１５０ｔ／日のストーカ式都市ごみ焼却炉より回収された実機焼却残渣（焼却主灰）を用いた。
また、水は水道水を用いた。
「使用装置」
高圧の水を廃棄物に噴射する装置として、ウォータージェット（コンクリート構造物などのはつり用、最高吐出圧力２５２ＭＰａ、定格吐出量１リットル／分）を用いた。
「焼却残渣の前処理」
上記の実機焼却残渣は、冷却のため水を貯えた灰ピットに落とされた湿潤灰であったため、この湿潤灰５ｋｇをステンレス製バットに入れ、乾燥機で１０５℃にて、２４時間乾燥させた。さらに、焼却残渣の磁力選別を行って鉄などの金属を除去した後、目開き５ｍｍのふるいで分級して、粗大粒子部分と微粉部分とに分離した。磁力選別部分、粗大粒子部分、微粉部分の乾燥焼却残渣中に占める割合と、ＣＡＪＳ（セメント協会法）に準拠し、試料（焼却残渣）を蒸留水と硝酸と共に加熱し、Ｈ２Ｏ２（過酸化水素水）を加えて妨害物質（硫黄など）を酸化させた後、放冷し、硝酸銀水溶液を用いた電位差滴定装置によって塩化物イオンとして測定した。その測定した塩素含有量を表１に示す。
以下に示す実施例および比較例では、高濃度の塩素を含む粒径５ｍｍ未満の微粉部分を使用した。
"Materials used"
As waste, the incineration residue (incineration main ash) recovered from a stoker-type municipal waste incinerator with continuous operation for 24 hours and an incineration capacity of 150 t / day was used.
In addition, tap water was used as the water.
"Device used"
As a device for injecting high-pressure water into waste, a water jet (for hanging concrete structures, etc., maximum discharge pressure 252 MPa, rated discharge rate 1 liter / min) was used.
"Pretreatment of incineration residue"
Since the actual incineration residue was wet ash dropped in an ash pit in which water was stored for cooling, 5 kg of this wet ash was placed in a stainless steel vat and dried at 105 ° C. for 24 hours with a dryer. . Furthermore, after magnetic separation of the incineration residue was performed to remove metals such as iron, the residue was classified with a sieve having an opening of 5 mm to separate the coarse particle portion and the fine powder portion. According to CAJS (Cement Association Act), the sample (incineration residue) is heated with distilled water and nitric acid according to the proportion of the magnetically sorted portion, coarse particle portion, and fine powder portion in the dry incineration residue, and H 2 O 2 (excess Hydrogen peroxide water) was added to oxidize interfering substances (sulfur, etc.), then allowed to cool, and measured as chloride ions with a potentiometric titrator using an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The measured chlorine content is shown in Table 1.
In the following examples and comparative examples, fine powder portions containing a high concentration of chlorine and having a particle size of less than 5 mm were used.
「実施例１」
２０℃の恒温室内にて、内径１５０ｍｍ、内部高さ３００ｍｍ、厚み約１０ｍｍの鋳鉄製円筒型容器に、上記処理済みの焼却残渣の微粉部分５００ｇを加え、中心部に内径４０ｍｍの孔を開けた外径１８０ｍｍ、厚み５ｍｍの鋼鉄製の蓋をかぶせ、この蓋を、直径５ｍｍの鋼鉄製ボルト４本で円筒型容器に固定した。
次いで、鋼鉄製の蓋の孔に、ウォータージェットのノズル先端を隙間なく挿入した。
次いで、水道水を吐出圧力２５０ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射した。
水道水の噴射終了後、直ちに直径１５０ｍｍの濾紙を敷いたブフナー漏斗に、円筒型容器の中身を移し、吸引瓶と真空ポンプを用いて吸引ろ過を２分間行って、塩素を除去した脱塩焼却残渣Ａを得た。
"Example 1"
In a constant temperature room at 20 ° C., 500 g of fine powder portion of the above treated incineration residue was added to a cast iron cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 150 mm, an inner height of 300 mm, and a thickness of about 10 mm, and a hole with an inner diameter of 40 mm was opened in the center. A steel lid having an outer diameter of 180 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was covered, and this lid was fixed to the cylindrical container with four steel bolts having a diameter of 5 mm.
Next, the nozzle tip of the water jet was inserted into the hole of the steel lid without any gap.
Next, tap water was sprayed into the cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet having a discharge pressure of 250 MPa and a discharge amount of 1 liter / min.
Immediately after the tap water injection, the contents of the cylindrical container are transferred to a Buchner funnel with filter paper with a diameter of 150 mm, and suction filtration is performed using a suction bottle and a vacuum pump for 2 minutes to remove chlorine and desalting incineration. Residue A was obtained.
「実施例２」
実施例１で得られた脱塩焼却残渣Ａを鋳鉄製円筒型容器に戻し、再度、水道水を吐出圧力２５０ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｂを得た。
"Example 2"
The desalted incineration residue A obtained in Example 1 was returned to the cast iron cylindrical container, and again tap water was injected into the cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet with a discharge pressure of 250 MPa and a discharge amount of 1 liter / min. Then, suction filtration was performed by the same procedure as in Example 1 to obtain a desalted incineration residue B.
「実施例３」
実施例１と同様の手順により、水道水を吐出圧力１００ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｃを得た。
"Example 3"
By injecting tap water into a cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet with a discharge pressure of 100 MPa and a discharge rate of 1 liter / min by the same procedure as in Example 1, suction filtration is performed by the same procedure as in Example 1. Thus, desalted incineration residue C was obtained.
「実施例４」
実施例３で得られた脱塩焼却残渣Ｃを鋳鉄製円筒型容器に戻し、再度、水道水を吐出圧力１００ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｄを得た。
Example 4
The desalted incineration residue C obtained in Example 3 was returned to the cast iron cylindrical container, and again tap water was injected into the cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet with a discharge pressure of 100 MPa and a discharge amount of 1 liter / min. Then, suction filtration was performed by the same procedure as in Example 1 to obtain a desalted incineration residue D.
「比較例１」
実施例１と同様の手順により、水道水を吐出圧力５０ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｅを得た。
“Comparative Example 1”
By injecting tap water into a cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet with a discharge pressure of 50 MPa and a discharge rate of 1 liter / min by the same procedure as in Example 1, suction filtration is performed by the same procedure as in Example 1. As a result, desalted incineration residue E was obtained.
「比較例２」
実施例２と同様の手順により、水道水を吐出圧力５０ＭＰａ、吐出量１リットル／分のウォータージェットとして、円筒型容器内に２分間噴射する処理を２回繰り返した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｆを得た。
"Comparative Example 2"
According to the same procedure as in Example 2, the process of injecting tap water into a cylindrical container for 2 minutes as a water jet having a discharge pressure of 50 MPa and a discharge amount of 1 liter / min was repeated twice, and then the same as in Example 1 Suction filtration was performed according to the procedure to obtain a desalted incineration residue F.
「比較例３」
２０℃の恒温室内にて、実施例１と同じ鋳鉄製円筒型容器に、上記処理済みの焼却残渣の微粉部分５００ｇと水道水２リットルを加えて、この焼却残渣と水の混合物を小型ハンドミキサーにより２分間高速撹拌した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｇを得た。
“Comparative Example 3”
In a constant temperature room of 20 ° C., 500 g of the fine powder of the treated incineration residue and 2 liters of tap water are added to the same cast iron cylindrical container as in Example 1, and the mixture of the incineration residue and water is a small hand mixer. After stirring at high speed for 2 minutes, suction filtration was performed by the same procedure as in Example 1 to obtain a desalted incineration residue G.
「比較例４」
比較例１で得られた脱塩焼却残渣Ｇを鋳鉄製円筒型容器に戻し、再度、円筒型容器に水道水２リットルを加えて、この脱塩焼却残渣Ｇと水の混合物を小型ハンドミキサーにより２分間高速撹拌した後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｈを得た。
“Comparative Example 4”
Return the desalted incineration residue G obtained in Comparative Example 1 to a cast iron cylindrical container, add 2 liters of tap water to the cylindrical container again, and mix the desalted incineration residue G and water with a small hand mixer. After stirring at high speed for 2 minutes, suction filtration was performed by the same procedure as in Example 1 to obtain a desalted incineration residue H.
「比較例５」
２０℃恒温室内にて、容量１０リットルのポリエチレン製円筒型容器に、上記処理済み焼却残渣の微粉部分５００ｇと水道水４リットルを加えて、この焼却残渣と水の混合物を小型ハンドミキサーにより１分間高速撹拌した後、特級９６％硫酸（和光純薬社製）を３５ｍｌ加えて、さらに小型ハンドミキサーにより１分間高速撹拌した。すると、水素ガスと思われる気泡が発生し、また若干の悪臭も発生した。５分間放置して気泡の発生が止まった後、実施例１と同様の手順により吸引ろ過を行って脱塩焼却残渣Ｉを得た。
“Comparative Example 5”
In a constant temperature room at 20 ° C., add 500 g of the fine powder of the treated incineration residue and 4 liters of tap water to a 10 liter polyethylene cylindrical container, and mix the incineration residue and water with a small hand mixer for 1 minute. After stirring at high speed, 35 ml of special grade 96% sulfuric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added and further stirred at high speed for 1 minute with a small hand mixer. As a result, bubbles thought to be hydrogen gas were generated, and a slight odor was also generated. After leaving for 5 minutes to stop generating bubbles, suction filtration was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a desalted incineration residue I.
実施例１〜４および比較例１〜５で得られた脱塩焼却残渣Ａ〜Ｉに含まれる塩素、ナトリウム、カリウムの含有量をそれぞれ、ＣＡＪＳ（セメント協会法）に準拠し、塩素は前記した硝酸銀水溶液を用いた電位差滴定法で測定し、ナトリウムとカリウムは、試料（焼却残渣）を微粉砕した後、テフロンビーカー内でフッ酸、硝酸、過塩素酸で処理し、処理後のろ液を、原子吸光光度計を用いて測定した。その結果を表２に示す。 The contents of chlorine, sodium, and potassium contained in the desalted incineration residues A to I obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are in accordance with CAJS (Cement Association Act), and chlorine is as described above. Measured by potentiometric titration using an aqueous silver nitrate solution, sodium and potassium were pulverized from a sample (incineration residue), then treated with hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and perchloric acid in a Teflon beaker. Measured using an atomic absorption photometer. The results are shown in Table 2.
「比較例６」
比較として、脱塩処理前の焼却残渣（粒径５ｍｍ未満の微粉部分）に含まれる塩素、ナトリウム、カリウムの含有量を、前記同様ＣＡＪＳ（セメント協会法）に準拠して測定した。その結果を表２に示す。
“Comparative Example 6”
As a comparison, the contents of chlorine, sodium, and potassium contained in the incineration residue (a fine powder portion having a particle diameter of less than 5 mm) before the desalting treatment were measured according to CAJS (Cement Association Act) as described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
実施例１では、水道水の吐出圧力を２５０ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間としたので、塩素の除去率は８６％、ナトリウムの除去率は８５％、カリウムの除去率は７６％と高かった。
実施例２では、実施例１で処理した脱塩焼却残渣に、さらにもう１回、水道水の吐出圧力を２５０ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間として、高圧の水を噴射したので、塩素の除去率は９０％、ナトリウムの除去率は９１％、カリウムの除去率は８０％とさらに高くなった。
実施例３では、水道水の吐出圧力を１００ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間としたので、塩素の除去率は８０％、ナトリウムの除去率は８１％、カリウムの除去率は７０％と高かった。
実施例４では、実施例３で処理した脱塩焼却残渣に、さらにもう１回、水道水の吐出圧力を１００ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間として、高圧の水を噴射したので、塩素の除去率は８６％、ナトリウムの除去率は８６％、カリウムの除去率は７２％とさらに高くなった。
In Example 1, the tap water discharge pressure was 250 MPa, the discharge rate was 1 liter / minute, and the discharge time was 2 minutes. Therefore, the chlorine removal rate was 86%, the sodium removal rate was 85%, and the potassium removal rate. Was as high as 76%.
In Example 2, high-pressure water was sprayed on the desalted incineration residue treated in Example 1 once more, with tap water discharge pressure of 250 MPa, discharge amount of 1 liter / min, and discharge time of 2 minutes. As a result, the chlorine removal rate was 90%, the sodium removal rate was 91%, and the potassium removal rate was 80%.
In Example 3, since the tap water discharge pressure was 100 MPa, the discharge rate was 1 liter / minute, and the discharge time was 2 minutes, the chlorine removal rate was 80%, the sodium removal rate was 81%, and the potassium removal rate. Was as high as 70%.
In Example 4, high-pressure water was sprayed once more on the desalted incineration residue treated in Example 3 with a tap water discharge pressure of 100 MPa, a discharge amount of 1 liter / minute, and a discharge time of 2 minutes. Therefore, the chlorine removal rate was 86%, the sodium removal rate was 86%, and the potassium removal rate was 72%.
比較例１では、水道水の吐出圧力を５０ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間としたので、塩素の除去率は５９％、ナトリウムの除去率は６６％、カリウムの除去率は４８％と低かった。
比較例２では、比較例１で処理した脱塩焼却残渣に、さらにもう１回、水道水の吐出圧力を５０ＭＰａ、吐出量を１リットル／分、吐出時間を２分間として、水を噴射したものの、塩素の除去率は６７％、ナトリウムの除去率は７１％、カリウムの除去率は５４％と低かった。
In Comparative Example 1, since the tap water discharge pressure was 50 MPa, the discharge rate was 1 liter / minute, and the discharge time was 2 minutes, the chlorine removal rate was 59%, the sodium removal rate was 66%, and the potassium removal rate. Was as low as 48%.
In Comparative Example 2, the desalted incineration residue treated in Comparative Example 1 was sprayed with water once more at a tap water discharge pressure of 50 MPa, a discharge amount of 1 liter / minute, and a discharge time of 2 minutes. The chlorine removal rate was 67%, the sodium removal rate was 71%, and the potassium removal rate was 54%.
比較例３では、小型ハンドミキサーにより高速攪拌２分間による洗浄を行ったものの、塩素の除去率は４９％、ナトリウムの除去率は５６％、カリウムの除去率は４７％と低かった。
比較例４では、比較例３で処理した脱塩焼却残渣に、さらにもう１回、小型ハンドミキサーにより高速攪拌２分間による洗浄を行ったものの、塩素の除去率は５５％、ナトリウムの除去率は６２％、カリウムの除去率は５０％と低かった。
比較例５では、硫酸を加えて、小型ハンドミキサーにより高速撹拌２分間による洗浄を行ったので、塩素の除去率は８５％、ナトリウムの除去率は８８％、カリウムの除去率は７５％と高かったものの、鋳鉄製容器は使用できなかった。また、洗浄中、焼却残渣から水素ガスと思われる気泡が発生した上に、若干の悪臭も発生した。
以上の結果によれば、吐出圧力が１００ＭＰａ以上かつ２５０ＭＰａの高圧の水を用いることにより、硫酸などの腐食性の酸を使用しなくても、焼却残渣に含まれる塩素やアルカリ金属を非常に効率よく除去することができることが確認された。
In Comparative Example 3, although washing was performed with high-speed stirring for 2 minutes using a small hand mixer, the chlorine removal rate was 49%, the sodium removal rate was 56%, and the potassium removal rate was as low as 47%.
In Comparative Example 4, the desalted incineration residue treated in Comparative Example 3 was washed once more with high-speed stirring for 2 minutes using a small hand mixer, but the chlorine removal rate was 55% and the sodium removal rate was The removal rate of 62% and potassium was as low as 50%.
In Comparative Example 5, since sulfuric acid was added and washing was performed with high-speed stirring for 2 minutes using a small hand mixer, the chlorine removal rate was 85%, the sodium removal rate was 88%, and the potassium removal rate was as high as 75%. However, a cast iron container could not be used. Further, during cleaning, bubbles that seemed to be hydrogen gas were generated from the incineration residue, and a slight odor was also generated.
According to the above results, by using high-pressure water having a discharge pressure of 100 MPa or more and 250 MPa, chlorine and alkali metals contained in the incineration residue are very efficient without using a corrosive acid such as sulfuric acid. It was confirmed that it can be removed well.
Claims (6)
When coarse particles and metals are mixed in the waste, the waste is dried and magnetically sorted, and then separated into coarse particles and fine powder by classification, and only high-pressure water is added to the fine powder. The method for desalinating waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
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