CN112676321A - Method and system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash in steel mill - Google Patents
Method and system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash in steel mill Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for cooperatively disposing waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill, which cooperatively melt and solidify the waste incineration fly ash by utilizing a main process of blast furnace slag discharging and slag treatment in the steel mill, when the blast furnace slag discharging is carried out, a fly ash mixture formed by mixing water washing fly ash and glass powder is sprayed into slag in a slag runner, the fly ash mixed with the slag is melted by utilizing the high temperature of the slag, and mixed slag is formed and flows to the tail end of the slag runner in the slag runner; meanwhile, organic matters in the fly ash are gasified and decomposed in the molten slag, the gas floats upwards and overflows the surface of the molten slag, and the gas is collected and treated by using waste heat and tail gas; the mixed slag enters a water quenching slag flushing treatment device at the tail end of the slag runner, and harmful components such as heavy metal and the like are solidified in the slag vitreous body to obtain finished solidified water slag which can be used as a raw material for producing cement. The invention can be applied to the resource and harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environment-friendly treatment of waste incineration, in particular to a method and a system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill.
Background
The incineration fly ash of the hazardous waste still belongs to the hazardous waste, and the fly ash needs to be strictly controlled, captured and treated, but cannot be simply discharged or directly buried. The incineration fly ash of the municipal solid waste is classified as hazardous waste because of high leaching toxicity of heavy metals and toxic pollutants such as dioxin, and needs to be distinguished from common solid waste for special treatment. Therefore, the disposal and solidification of these two incineration fly ashes are a hot research spot at home and abroad.
The amount of the fly ash generated by burning garbage is related to the type of garbage, burning conditions, the type of the incinerator and the flue gas treatment process, and generally accounts for 3-5% of the amount of the garbage burned. The fly ash mainly comprises SiO2、P2O5、Al2O3Iso-acidic oxides and CaO, MgO, Fe2O3、CuO、TiO2、K2O、Na2Basic oxides such as O and chlorides of some heavy metals. The main hazardous substances of the fly ash are dioxin, heavy metals Zn, Pd, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg and the like.
At present, the methods for treating the waste incineration fly ash mainly comprise cement solidification, melt solidification, chemical stabilization, elution by acid or other solvents and the like, wherein the melt solidification is the most stable and safer method which is generally accepted at present. The melting solidification is to heat the fly ash or the mixture of the fly ash and the glass material to 1200-1400 ℃, so that organic matters in the fly ash are subjected to thermal decomposition, combustion and gasification, solid particles in the fly ash are subjected to melting phase change to form liquid slag, and then the liquid slag is rapidly cooled to solidify heavy metals in the fly ash in glass slag particles. At present, the fly ash melting treatment process developed at home and abroad needs to consume a large amount of fuel or electric power, so that the investment, production and operation costs are higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for cooperatively treating waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill, which are used for making up the defects in the prior art, the fly ash is sprayed into high-temperature molten slag in a slag runner, the environment-friendly treatment and resource utilization of the waste incineration fly ash are realized, the treatment method is simple and efficient, the cost is low, and the secondary pollution is avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for cooperatively disposing waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill, which comprises the following steps:
slag is discharged from the blast furnace, high-temperature slag is discharged into a slag runner, and the slag flows in the slag runner;
adding water into the fly ash for pretreatment to obtain water-washed fly ash; drying the washed fly ash, and uniformly mixing the dried washed fly ash with glass powder according to the mass ratio of 0.5-0.75: 0.25-0.5 to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash mixture is sprayed into the molten slag through a nozzle positioned below the slag surface of the molten slag, a plurality of fly ash lumps are formed in the molten slag, the fly ash lumps are wrapped by the molten slag, the fly ash is melted at high temperature of the molten slag and mixed into the molten slag to form mixed molten slag, meanwhile, gas in the fly ash lumps floats upwards to the surface of the molten slag, bubbles are broken on the slag surface, and the gas overflows the molten slag;
the mixed molten slag flows in the slag runner and enters a water quenching slag flushing treatment device at the tail end of the slag runner so as to solidify the harmful components which can not be gasified in the fly ash in the slag vitreous body and obtain the finished solidified water slag.
According to the method of the invention, the performing of the pre-treatment comprises: mixing the fly ash with water, stirring for 3-5 minutes, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain solid washed fly ash; preferably, the waste water after centrifugal separation is subjected to water treatment and dechlorination to obtain reclaimed water, and the reclaimed water is recycled to the pretreatment step. The fly ash contains a large amount of chlorine elements which can affect the quality of building products, and the chlorine content in the building products is required to be not more than 0.06 percent; the addition amount of the fly ash can be increased after the chlorine is removed by water washing, and the economy of the method is improved; meanwhile, the product quality performance can be obviously improved after the chlorine is removed by water washing; the fly ash can be fully mixed with water after mixing and stirring, and meanwhile, the chlorine element in the fly ash is fully dissolved, and furthermore, the wastewater after centrifugal separation is recycled after dechlorination, so that the water consumption is saved.
According to the method, the washed fly ash is dried and then mixed with glass powder, wherein the glass powder is powder with the particle size of 300-1250 meshes, preferably 625 meshes, prepared by processing waste glass. After the glass powder is added, the melting point of the fly ash mixture can be reduced, the melting effect of subsequent slag on the fly ash mixture can be promoted, the waste glass is treated cooperatively, the slag components are adjusted, the glass phase is increased, and the building material utilization performance is improved.
According to the method, the distance between the fly ash nozzle and the slag surface is more than 150mm, such as 150-300mm, so as to ensure that the fly ash in the fly ash group is completely melted in the floating stroke along with the gas; and/or a plurality of, e.g. 3-10, said jets forming a substantial amount of fly ash lumps within the slag; when the bubbles in the fly ash group float upwards, a large number of bubbles stir the molten slag, so that the components and the temperature of the mixed molten slag are uniform. The gas in the fly ash group comprises organic matter gasification and decomposition gas in the fly ash, inorganic salt gasification gas with low melting point and blowing gas.
The method according to the invention further comprises: and collecting gas overflowing the molten slag in the flowing process of the mixed molten slag, drying the water-washing fly ash by using the waste heat of the collected gas, and purifying the dried tail gas.
The method according to the invention further comprises: and grinding the finished granulated and solidified granulated slag to form blast furnace slag powder.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, a fly ash composition adjusting step of adjusting the composition of fly ash before the fly ash mixture is injected into the molten slag to improve the moisture, melting, gasifying and decomposing characteristics of the fly ash may be further included in the fly ash pretreatment step.
According to the method of the invention, the injection of the fly ash mixture into the slag results in a drop in the temperature of the slag, which may result in the slag temperature falling below the minimum fluidity temperature if too much fly ash is injected. Therefore, the theoretical maximum fly ash treatment capacity can be determined according to the components of the fly ash, the temperature of the molten slag and the flow rate of the molten slag in the slag runner, and certain surplus treatment capacity and cooperative treatment operation rate are considered.
According to the method of the present invention, in a specific embodiment, since the main components of the blast furnace slag are CaO, SiO2、Al2O3MgO, which is similar to the main component of the waste incineration fly ash, and the injection amount of the fly ash can be obtained by the following method:
q ash ═ (T slag temperature-T slag minimum fluidity temperature) × Q slag/T slag temperature;
wherein, the Q ash is the injection amount of the fly ash in unit time, and the Q slag is the slag discharge flow of the blast furnace.
In the method of the invention, preferably, the surplus treatment capacity which is more than 2 times of the surplus treatment capacity is reserved, the fly ash is conveyed by compressed air or nitrogen, the spraying amount is less than or equal to 1.16kg/s, the spraying ash ratio is less than or equal to 2 percent, and/or the average flow of the blast furnace slag is 60-70 kg/s. Considering the different specific components of different types of waste incineration fly ash, the influence of gasification heat absorption of organic matter components in the fly ash and the influence of non-uniformity of slag discharge. In actual production, in order to ensure that the fly ash sprayed into the molten slag can be completely melted, the actual sprayed amount of the fly ash is lower than the theoretical calculated value.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for disposing waste incineration fly ash used in the above method, comprising:
the slag runner is used for receiving high-temperature molten slag and is used for mixing the molten slag to flow;
the fly ash pretreatment device is used for mixing fly ash and water to obtain water-washed fly ash, and uniformly mixing the water-washed fly ash with glass powder after drying to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash spraying device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for spraying the fly ash mixture into the molten slag in the slag runner to form mixed molten slag;
the gas collecting device is used for collecting gas overflowing from the surface of the mixed slag;
and the water quenching slag flushing treatment device is communicated with the tail end of the slag runner and is used for receiving and treating the mixed slag.
According to the system of the invention, the fly ash injection device is provided with one or more high temperature resistant nozzles which are located below the slag surface of the molten slag during operation.
The system also comprises a tail gas purification device which is communicated with the gas collection device and is used for purifying the tail gas.
According to the system, the gas in the gas collecting device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for drying the washing fly ash. Drying and washing the fly ash by utilizing the heat energy of the gas collected by the slag runner, reducing the temperature of the high-temperature gas to be below 200 ℃ after utilizing the waste heat, and then treating the high-temperature gas by a subsequent tail gas purification device; through the utilization of the waste heat, the heat energy in the high-temperature tail gas can be effectively utilized and is used for drying the washing fly ash, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the energy is realized.
According to the technical scheme, the main processes of blast furnace slag discharging and slag treatment of a steel mill are cooperated with the main processes of melting and solidifying the waste incineration fly ash, when the blast furnace slag discharging is carried out, the fly ash mixture is sprayed into the slag in the slag runner, the fly ash is sprayed into the slag to form a plurality of fly ash groups, the fly ash groups are wrapped by the slag, and the fly ash is melted at high temperature by the slag; the fly ash is distributed in the molten slag and flows along with the molten slag in the slag runner, the fly ash is mixed with the molten slag after being melted, meanwhile, gas is stirred in the molten slag, the stirred gas is derived from ash-spraying conveying gas, gasification decomposition gas of organic matters in the fly ash and gasification gas of salt in the fly ash, the mixing process of gas melting and the molten slag is better promoted, and a stirring device is not required to be reused.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes high-temperature slag discharged from a blast furnace of a steel mill to treat fly ash, purifies the obtained tail gas, solidifies harmful components such as heavy metal in a slag vitreous body to obtain a finished solidified water slag which can be used as a raw material for producing cement. Therefore, the environmental protection treatment and resource utilization of the waste incineration fly ash are realized simultaneously, the secondary pollution is avoided, the system adopts the conventional treatment device, the treatment method is simple, the effect is good, and the cost is low.
For a blast furnace with 8000t/d iron production, the slag amount per day is about 2500t according to the iron-slag ratio of 320 kg/t. If fly ash is treated in a proportion of 1%, about 25t of fly ash can be treated per day. The iron and steel industry in China is developed, the pig iron yield is about 7.7 hundred million tons in 2018, the amount of slag produced by a blast furnace every day is very large, and the treatment problem of waste incineration fly ash in China can be effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for the cooperative disposal of waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the slag runner structure of the system for the co-disposal of waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The labels are as follows: 1-ash conveying pipe, 2-fly ash spraying device, 3-slag runner, 4-molten slag, 5-gas collecting device, 6-fly ash group and 7-bubble.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for co-disposing waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill, including the following steps:
slag is discharged from the blast furnace, blast furnace slag is discharged into a slag runner, and the slag flows in the slag runner;
adding water into the fly ash for pretreatment to obtain water-washed fly ash; drying the washing fly ash and then uniformly mixing the dried washing fly ash with glass powder to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash mixture is sprayed into the molten slag through a nozzle positioned below the slag surface of the molten slag, a plurality of fly ash lumps are formed inside the molten slag, the fly ash lumps are wrapped by the molten slag, the fly ash is melted at high temperature of the molten slag and mixed into the molten slag to form mixed molten slag, meanwhile, gas in the fly ash lumps floats upwards to the surface of the molten slag, bubbles are broken on the slag surface, and the gas overflows the molten slag;
the mixed molten slag flows in the slag runner and enters a water quenching slag flushing device at the tail end of the slag runner so as to solidify the harmful components which can not be gasified in the fly ash in the slag glass body and obtain the finished solidified water slag.
Further, the performing the pre-processing comprises: mixing the fly ash with water, stirring for 3-5 minutes by adopting a stirring device, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain solid washing fly ash; and the waste water after centrifugal separation is treated by water (treated by a conventional sewage treatment device) and dechlorinated to obtain reclaimed water, and the reclaimed water is recycled to the pretreatment step and used as water mixed with fly ash.
Further, the washing fly ash is dried and then mixed with glass powder, wherein the glass powder is powder with the particle size of 300-1250 meshes. In this embodiment, 625 mesh is preferable.
Further, the distance between the nozzle of the fly ash injection device and the slag surface is set to be 180mm in the embodiment, so that the fly ash in the fly ash mass is completely melted in the air bubble floating stroke; in other embodiments the number of ports for the injection of fly ash into the device may be 3-10, such as 3, 10, etc.
Further, the method further comprises: and in the flowing process of the mixed slag, collecting gas overflowing the slag by using a gas collecting device, drying the washed fly ash by using the waste heat of the collected gas, and conveying the cooled gas to a tail gas purification device for treatment.
Further, the method further comprises: and grinding the finished granulated and solidified granulated slag to form blast furnace slag powder.
In other embodiments, a fly ash composition adjustment step may be provided in the fly ash pretreatment step, i.e., the fly ash composition is adjusted to improve the moisture, melting, gasification and decomposition characteristics of the fly ash before the fly ash mixture is injected into the slag.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for disposing waste incineration fly ash used in the above method, including:
the slag runner is used for receiving high-temperature molten slag and is used for mixing the molten slag to flow;
the fly ash pretreatment device is used for mixing fly ash and water to obtain water-washed fly ash, and uniformly mixing the water-washed fly ash with glass powder after drying to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash spraying device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for spraying the fly ash mixture into the molten slag in the slag runner to form mixed molten slag;
the gas collecting device is used for collecting gas overflowing from the surface of the mixed slag;
and the water quenching slag flushing device is communicated with the tail end of the slag runner and is used for receiving and processing the mixed slag.
And the tail gas purification device is communicated with the gas collection device and is used for purifying tail gas.
Further, the fly ash injection device is provided with one or more high temperature resistant nozzles, such as 3, 10, etc.; the high-temperature-resistant nozzle is positioned below the slag surface of the molten slag during working.
Further, the gas in the gas collecting device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for drying the washing fly ash. The heat energy of the gas collected by the slag runner is used for drying and washing the fly ash, the temperature of the high-temperature gas is reduced to be below 200 ℃ after the waste heat is utilized, and then the high-temperature gas enters a subsequent tail gas purification device for treatment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slag runner of the system for the co-processing of waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill. The method comprises the following steps: an ash conveying pipe 1, a fly ash spraying device 2 (nozzle), a slag runner 3, molten slag 4, a gas collecting device 5, a fly ash briquette 6 and bubbles 7.
The working principle of the system is as follows: when the blast furnace of the steel mill discharges slag, the high-temperature molten slag 4 flows into a slag runner 3, and the fly ash mixture is sent to a fly ash spraying device 2 through an ash conveying pipe 1; spraying the fly ash into the molten slag 4 in the slag runner 3 by the fly ash spraying device 2 to form a fly ash briquette 6; the nozzle of the fly ash injection device 2 is positioned below the slag surface of the slag 4 in the slag runner 3, and the injection amount of the fly ash is controlled, so that the fly ash in the fly ash group 6 can be completely melted in the slag 4 and forms mixed slag with the blast furnace slag 4, and the mixed slag continuously flows to the tail end of the slag runner in the slag runner 3; meanwhile, the organic matters in the fly ash are gasified and decomposed, and the decomposed gas and the blowing gas float upwards in the molten slag 4 to form bubbles 7 to overflow the surface of the molten slag 4 and are collected by a gas collecting device 5 above the slag channel. In the floating process, the bubbles 7 have a certain stirring effect on the slag 4, and are beneficial to mixing the melted fly ash and the blast furnace slag 4. The mixed slag flows to the tail end of the slag runner 3 and enters a water quenching slag flushing device for treatment, and harmful components such as heavy metal and the like are solidified into slag glass; and (3) finishing the main processes of blast furnace slag discharging and slag treatment to cooperatively treat the waste incineration fly ash to obtain finished granulated and solidified granulated slag, and further grinding to form blast furnace slag powder.
In this example, the temperature of the blast furnace slag 4 is about 1450 ℃ and the minimum meltability temperature at which the slag can flow freely is calculated as 1350 ℃.
Because of the high temperature of the slag, the fly ash injection device 2 is also correspondingly provided with a high temperature resistant nozzle, and the nozzle of the fly ash injection device 2 is positioned below the slag surface of the slag 4 in the slag runner 3. The fly ash injection device 2 may be located above the slag runner 3, or may be located at the bottom or side of the slag runner 3, as shown only in one way in fig. 2.
In this embodiment, water treatment facilities, agitating unit, tail gas cleanup unit, shrend towards sediment processing apparatus and gas collecting device etc. all can adopt conventional device in the trade, can learn its structure according to its function, for example: the gas collecting device 7 can be a gas collecting hood covering the surface of the slag; the water quenching slag flushing treatment device 5 can adopt a blast furnace water slag flushing treatment system and the like, and is not described in detail.
In order to realize a better mixing effect of the fly ash and the molten slag, the estimation method of the injection amount of the fly ash comprises the following steps:
q ash ═ Q slag/T slag temperature (T slag temperature-T slag minimum fluidity temperature)
In the embodiment, when the temperature of T slag is 1723k, the lowest fluidity temperature of T slag is 1623k, and the slag discharge flow Q of the blast furnace is 60kg/s, the amount of fly ash which can be sprayed in theoretically is about 3.48 kg/s. But considering reserving more than 2 times of surplus treatment capacity, the injection amount of the fly ash needs to be controlled at 1.10kg/s, namely the injection ratio is controlled at 1.8 percent.
In the embodiment, a blast furnace producing iron at 8000t/d is adopted, the slag amount per day is about 2500t according to the iron-slag ratio of 320kg/t, different iron outlets are used for tapping and deslagging in turn, the fly ash is cooperatively treated in a way of avoiding unstable time such as slag head, slag tail and the like, the cooperative operation rate is considered according to 75%, and theoretically, 33.75t (1.8%) of waste incineration fly ash can be treated per day, so that huge social and economic benefits are generated.
The method can also be used for other metallurgical slag treatment processes similar to blast furnaces.
It is obvious that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description.
Claims (10)
1. A method for the cooperative disposal of waste incineration fly ash in a steel mill is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
slag is discharged from the blast furnace, high-temperature slag is discharged into a slag runner, and the slag flows in the slag runner;
adding water into the fly ash for pretreatment to obtain water-washed fly ash; drying the washed fly ash, and uniformly mixing the dried washed fly ash with glass powder according to the mass ratio of 0.5-0.75: 0.25-0.5 to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash mixture is sprayed into the molten slag through a nozzle positioned below the slag surface of the molten slag, a plurality of fly ash lumps are formed inside the molten slag, the fly ash lumps are wrapped by the molten slag, the fly ash is melted at high temperature of the molten slag and mixed into the molten slag to form mixed molten slag, meanwhile, gas in the fly ash lumps floats upwards to the surface of the molten slag, bubbles are broken on the slag surface, and the gas overflows the molten slag;
the mixed molten slag flows in the slag runner and enters a water quenching slag flushing treatment device at the tail end of the slag runner so as to solidify the harmful components which can not be gasified in the fly ash in the slag vitreous body and obtain the finished solidified water slag.
2. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the pre-treatment comprises the following steps: mixing the fly ash with water, stirring for 3-5 minutes, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain solid washed fly ash; preferably, the waste water after centrifugal separation is subjected to water treatment and dechlorination to obtain reclaimed water, and the reclaimed water is recycled to the pretreatment step.
3. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: and drying the washing fly ash and mixing the dried washing fly ash with glass powder, wherein the glass powder is powder with the particle size of 300-1250 meshes processed from waste glass.
4. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the fly ash nozzle from the slag surface is more than 150mm, so that the fly ash in the fly ash group is completely melted in the floating stroke along with the gas; the number of the nozzles is multiple, and a large amount of fly ash lumps are formed in the molten slag.
5. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: and collecting gas overflowing the molten slag in the flowing process of the mixed molten slag, drying the water-washing fly ash by using the waste heat of the collected gas, and purifying the dried tail gas.
6. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: and grinding the finished granulated and solidified granulated slag to form blast furnace slag powder.
7. A system for disposing of fly ash from incineration of refuse used in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the slag runner is used for receiving high-temperature molten slag and is used for mixing the molten slag to flow;
the fly ash pretreatment device is used for mixing fly ash and water to obtain water-washed fly ash, and uniformly mixing the water-washed fly ash with glass powder after drying to form a fly ash mixture;
the fly ash spraying device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for spraying the fly ash mixture into the molten slag in the slag runner to form mixed molten slag;
the gas collecting device is used for collecting gas overflowing from the surface of the mixed slag;
and the water quenching slag flushing treatment device is communicated with the tail end of the slag runner and is used for receiving and treating the mixed slag.
8. The system for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 7, wherein: the fly ash injection device is provided with one or more high temperature resistant nozzles, and the high temperature resistant nozzles are positioned below the slag surface of the molten slag during working.
9. The system for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 7 or 8, wherein: the system also comprises a tail gas purification device which is communicated with the gas collection device and used for purifying tail gas.
10. The system for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 7 or 8, wherein: the gas in the gas collecting device is communicated with the fly ash pretreatment device and is used for drying the washing fly ash; and the tail gas after waste heat utilization enters a subsequent tail gas purification device for treatment.
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CN113680795A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 中南大学 | Method for energy-efficient synergistic treatment of waste incineration fly ash and multi-source solid waste |
CN115341053A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-15 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | System and method for collaborative resource utilization of incineration fly ash and metallurgical by-products |
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