CN112441759A - Method and device for treating waste incineration fly ash with low energy consumption, resource utilization and environmental protection - Google Patents
Method and device for treating waste incineration fly ash with low energy consumption, resource utilization and environmental protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN112441759A CN112441759A CN201910820688.0A CN201910820688A CN112441759A CN 112441759 A CN112441759 A CN 112441759A CN 201910820688 A CN201910820688 A CN 201910820688A CN 112441759 A CN112441759 A CN 112441759A
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- fly ash
- slag
- melting furnace
- furnace
- flue gas
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 35
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cadmium chloride Inorganic materials Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[C] Chemical compound [AlH3].[C] RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for treating waste incineration fly ash with low energy consumption, resource utilization and environmental protection, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) adding the blast furnace slag at the temperature of 1480-1510 ℃ into a melting furnace, adding fly ash and fully stirring while or subsequently, wherein the addition amount of the fly ash accounts for no more than 25 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash; 2) keeping the temperature of the composite slag in the melting furnace at 1400 ℃ and 1450 ℃, and keeping the reaction time at the temperature for 20-40 min; 3) and discharging slag, cooling, and performing water quenching treatment to obtain powdery water slag which is used as cement aggregate after fine grinding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous solid waste disposal and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for volume reduction, harmless and resource treatment of waste incineration fly ash.
Background
The waste incineration power generation is a technology for reducing and harmlessly disposing and popularizing municipal domestic waste at present, and has the advantages of high disposal capability, high efficiency and low cost. In the process of burning the garbage, combustible materials in the garbage are converted into high-temperature flue gas through high-temperature oxidation reaction for a steam turbine to generate electricity, and inorganic matters and residual ash after the combustible organic materials are burnt in the garbage become ash (bottom slag). The garbage can generate smoke and dust in the incineration process, and the smoke and the dust can be discharged into the atmosphere only through dust removal and purification treatment. The fly ash is the dust-removing ash generated by the purification of the waste incineration flue gas, and comprises fly ash of a bag-type dust collector and fly ash of a flue gas purification absorption tower, wherein the fly ash contains flue ash, added chemical agents, chemical reaction products and the like. The waste incineration fly ash belongs to double solid hazardous waste due to the fact that the waste incineration fly ash is rich in heavy metals such As Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Ni, As and the like and highly toxic organic matters such As dioxin and furan (PCDD/DFs). The disposal methods of the waste incineration fly ash mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) the safe landfill method after solidification and stabilization comprises the steps of mixing the waste incineration fly ash with a curing agent, a chelating agent to form a solidified body so as to reduce the dissolution of heavy metals, and then sending the solidified body into a safe landfill site for landfill.
The advantages are that: the method has the advantages of simple treatment process, simple and convenient operation, and obvious advantages in the aspects of economy, operability and the like, and is widely adopted in most of the countries at present. The disadvantages are that: the addition of the curing agent increases the final treatment capacity, so that the land occupation is large, the strength of a curing body is low, the long-term stability of heavy metal is poor, the long-term stability of heavy metal curing is difficult to ensure, and the risks of water and soil pollution and the like exist. The method can not achieve the purposes of volume reduction and resource utilization of the fly ash.
(2) And heat treatment methods including sintering and melting. XRD detectionThe results show that the main crystalline minerals of the fly ash comprise CaO and CaCO3、CaSO4·5H2O、SiO2、KCl、NaCl、MgCl2、Fe2O3、CaCl2、ZnO、ZnSO4·7H2O、ZnCl2、PbCl2、PbO、PbCO3、HgCl2、CdO、CdCl2Etc., the crystal phase generally contained 60%. In addition, fly ash contains a certain amount of amorphous components (residual carbon, etc.).
The melting method is to heat the fly ash to a molten state, in the process, organic pollutants such as dioxin in the fly ash are decomposed at high temperature, and reactions such as decomposition of carbonate and sulfate, oxidation and combustion of carbon residue, volatilization of low-boiling-point alkali metal chloride, volatilization of high-boiling-point heavy metal chloride and the like occur, and then, various oxides are melted and formed into slag. The slag is rapidly cooled to form a compact and stable vitreous body, so that most heavy metals in the fly ash are solidified in a Si-O network structure of the vitreous body, the leaching of the heavy metals is effectively controlled, and the permanent solidification is realized. The main advantages of the high-temperature melting solidification method are as follows: firstly, completely decomposing dioxin pollutants through high-temperature action, and eliminating pollution and harm of dioxin; secondly, the density of the molten slag after high-temperature melting is increased, the volume reduction effect is obvious, and the volume can be reduced by 70%; thirdly, the molten slag after high-temperature melting is in a net glass state structure, so that the heavy metal can be completely solidified and stabilized, and the leaching concentration of the heavy metal is very small; melting and cooling the fly ash to form a glass structure silicate substance which can be subsequently recycled (used as roadbed materials, building materials and the like). The melting process decomposes and volatilizes various salts and makes oxides slag, and consumes a large amount of heat, so that the high-temperature melting solidification method has the main disadvantages of high energy consumption and high disposal cost.
Currently, there are two major types of fly ash melting furnaces developed or used. The melting furnace using fuel as a heat source has large fuel consumption, large generation amount of waste gas and dust, great difficulty in flue gas treatment and great secondary environmental pollution; the melting furnace using electric power as a heat source remarkably reduces the amount of smoke and dust generated in the treatment process, and has the main defect of high power consumption. Table 1 below is a comparison of fly ash melting furnaces of different heat sources.
Table 1:
the high-temperature melting method can simultaneously realize harmless treatment, volume reduction treatment and resource utilization of the fly ash, and can greatly reduce land occupation, thereby being the development direction of the fly ash treatment technology.
The melting disposal of the fly ash in the prior art is mostly a method and a device for independently melting the fly ash, and the main technical scheme of the method comprises the steps of adding a fusing agent or a component regulator into the fly ash to reduce the melting point of the fly ash; making the fly ash into pellets or briquettes, and adding the pellets or briquettes into a melting furnace for melting separation. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN106862244A discloses a method for detoxifying fly ash by high-temperature melting, in which fly ash and a component modifier are mixed and melted in a melting device to obtain a mixed melt, and the mixed melt is discharged and cooled. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and the like are consolidated in the vitrified slag through high-temperature melting, so that the harmless treatment of the heavy metals is realized.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN103771695A provides a method for harmless treatment and utilization of fly ash from waste incineration, which comprises mixing fly ash, silicate, borate and reducing agent according to a certain proportion, then adding adhesive, pressing into pellets, putting into a molybdenum electrode furnace, introducing electric energy into the furnace by molybdenum electrode, heating the furnace by using the melt of the material as resistance, and melting the material at 1300-1600 deg.C for 11-15 hours. In the methods, substances are additionally added into the fly ash, or the fly ash is subjected to agglomeration pretreatment and then is separately melted, so that the complexity of the working procedure is increased, and the energy consumption is high; meanwhile, the slag obtained by melting cannot be recycled, and the collection and treatment of heavy metals volatilized in the melting process are not considered.
Chinese patent publication No. CN101074457B discloses a method for melting and separating heavy metals from fly ash from waste incineration, which comprises adding 3-10% of slaked lime, 1-5% of industrial syrup and 5-7% of water into fly ash from waste incineration, pelletizing and maintaining by a disk pelletizer, and adding into an iron bath molten pool of a melting and separating furnace for melting and separating. The furnace temperature is 1400-1480 ℃, the melting time is 10-30min, so that the heavy metal in the fly ash is deposited in the molten iron bath to form ferroalloy, and the rest heavy metal which cannot be deposited is solidified in the slag. The separated flying ash slag is used as building material. The said patent also adds binder into fly ash to make pellets, but the difference is that the fly ash pellets are added into a melting furnace filled with molten iron, the heat energy of the molten iron is used to melt the fly ash, most heavy metals enter the molten iron and become alloy elements of steel during steel making. This patent does not describe a method for collecting and disposing heavy metals volatilized during the melting treatment.
Chinese patent publication No. CN103420631A discloses a method for dual solidification of heavy metals in fly ash from waste incineration, which comprises granulating and drying the fly ash from waste incineration, simultaneously pouring the granulated and dried fly ash and molten slag discharged from a blast furnace into a steel ladle, reacting for 5-10min, water quenching the molten slag in the steel ladle to obtain reconstructed water-quenched slag, drying and grinding the reconstructed water-quenched slag, and mixing the dried reconstructed water-quenched slag with cement at a certain water-cement ratio to obtain a composite of the reconstructed water-quenched slag and the cement, so that the heavy metals in the fly ash are dual solidified in the water-quenched slag and the cement. The patent pellets the fly ash first, which adds complexity to the process flow and pretreatment costs. After the fly ash pellets and the blast furnace slag are added into the steel ladle, no extra heating means is provided, and only the sensible heat of the blast furnace slag is relied on, so that the temperature of molten slag in the steel ladle is greatly reduced and the viscosity is increased when 30% of fly ash is added, the melting temperature of the fly ash is difficult to control at a required level, and even the slag is frozen in the steel ladle. And the reaction time is only 5-10min, and stirring is not carried out, large-particle fly ash pellets cannot be fully melted, and the obtained reconstructed granulated slag has poor components and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption, high cost, poor resource utilization effect, secondary volatilization pollution of heavy metal in the melting treatment process and the like in the melting treatment of the existing waste incineration fly ash, and provides a method for utilizing high-temperature melting slag discharged by a blast furnace to perform cooperative treatment and utilize fly ash.
The technical problem to be solved can be implemented by the following technical scheme.
A method for disposing waste incineration fly ash with low energy consumption, resource utilization and environmental protection comprises the following steps:
1) adding the blast furnace slag at the temperature of 1480-1510 ℃ into a melting furnace, adding fly ash and fully stirring while or subsequently, wherein the addition amount of the fly ash accounts for no more than 25 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash;
2) keeping the temperature of the composite slag in the melting furnace at 1400 ℃ and 1450 ℃, and keeping the reaction time at the temperature for 20-40 min;
3) and discharging slag, cooling, and performing water quenching treatment to obtain powdery water slag which is used as cement aggregate after fine grinding.
As a further improvement of the technical proposal, the fly ash added in the step 1) is pretreated by drying, dehumidifying, heating and fluidizing.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pretreated fly ash sequentially passes through a star-shaped ash discharge valve, a screw conveyor, a screw pusher and a manual external cooling type heat insulation flashboard and then enters the melting furnace.
And as a further improvement of the technical scheme, the melting furnace is a resistance furnace with a body cooler, a molybdenum electrode is used as a heating element, an electrode rod of the molybdenum electrode penetrates through a side wall refractory material of the melting furnace in a side insertion mode and extends into a slag pool, and the liquid level of the composite slag in the melting furnace is controlled to be 0.1-1.0m above the horizontal position of the electrode rod during normal operation.
Further, the slag discharge is stopped when the liquid level in the melting furnace approaches the electrode rod.
As a preferred embodiment of the method, air or nitrogen is adopted for stirring, the flow rate of stirring gas is controlled to be 200L/min when the fly ash is added, stirring is carried out for 2min, and the pressure is 0.2 MPa; after the fly ash is added, the flow rate of air or nitrogen is controlled to be 500L/min, the pressure is controlled to be 0.2MPa, and the blowing and stirring are carried out for 3-8min (preferably 5 min).
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the method also comprises the step of cooling the high-temperature flue gas and dust discharged from the top of the melting furnace to 600 ℃ and then introducing the high-temperature flue gas and the dust into a negative-pressure flue gas cooling and dedusting and purifying system for further treatment, wherein the purifying system at least comprises a water washing treatment link.
Also as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying and heating of the fly ash comprises the steps of preheating the fly ash to 150-180 ℃ by using the residual heat of the high-temperature flue gas at the top of the melting furnace; the fly ash completes the pretreatment of drying and dehumidifying under the action of a paddle dryer, and the heat source of the paddle dryer is steam generated by high-temperature flue gas at the top of a melting furnace through a heat exchanger.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a disposal device including fly ash melting and flue gas treatment for implementing the above treatment method.
A treatment device for realizing the method for disposing the waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the melting furnace is a resistance furnace with a body cooler, a heating electrode of the resistance furnace is a molybdenum electrode, the cross section of the melting furnace is of a circular or oval structure, a refractory material layer is arranged on the inner side wall of the melting furnace, and an electrode rod of the molybdenum electrode penetrates through the refractory material layer on the side wall to extend into a slag pool in a side insertion mode; a cooler is arranged on the steel shell on the side surface of the melting furnace, and the refractory material on the side surface is cooled in a jacket type sprinkling cooling mode or a water-cooling cast iron cooling wall mode; the furnace top flue gas sealing cover of the melting furnace adopts a structure of spraying refractory on a tortoise deck, a partition wall which can prevent fly ash which is not melted in the process of adding and stirring from being directly discharged from a flue gas outlet is arranged on the flue gas sealing cover, and a lifting gas spray gun is arranged on the furnace top of the melting furnace and used for providing stirring gas; and a slag outlet of the melting furnace is provided with a water-cooling heat insulation flashboard with controllable opening.
As a further improvement of the apparatus, a screw feeder for feeding fly ash into the melting furnace is further included.
The device is further improved, and the device also comprises a tail gas treatment system, wherein the tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger, a water washing tower, a cloth bag dust removal device and an induced draft fan according to a treatment sequence; the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the furnace top of the melting furnace enters the tail gas treatment system under the action of air draft of the fan, the heat exchanger exchanges heat from 1300 ℃ to 1400 ℃ and reduces the temperature of the flue gas to 600 ℃, the water washing tower carries out water washing treatment and deacidification on the flue gas after heat exchange, the cloth bag dust removal device carries out dust removal, purification and adsorption on the flue gas after water washing, and the purified waste gas is extracted by the draught fan and discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.
By adopting the method and the device for cooperatively treating the waste incineration fly ash by using the blast furnace slag, the heat energy of the blast furnace slag and the good building material utilization basic property of the blast furnace slag are utilized, and the fly ash is cooperatively treated by melting, so that the aims of eliminating the pollution of organic pollutants such as dioxin and the like in the fly ash, solidifying most heavy metals in the fly ash for a long time and enabling inorganic matter composite slagging in the fly ash to be still used as cement aggregate for good resource utilization can be simultaneously achieved. Meanwhile, the heat energy is mainly provided by the blast furnace high-temperature slag, so that the energy consumption of the process of independently melting the fly ash is greatly reduced, and the treatment cost of the fly ash is obviously reduced. In addition, the environment-friendly flue gas innocent treatment and purification device for the fly ash melting treatment process is provided, after flue gas generated in the fly ash treatment process is treated by the device, dust mud, waste water and tail gas are harmless, and the sludge, the dust and the waste water can be recycled.
The fly ash treatment by adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fly ash is melted by using the high-temperature slag discharged by the blast furnace, so that the energy consumption of the separate melting treatment of the fly ash can be greatly reduced, and the fly ash treatment cost is obviously reduced.
(2) The method utilizes blast furnace slag to directly mix, contact and heat the powdery fly ash, the fly ash is not subjected to additional pretreatment (no fusing agent for reducing the melting point is added, and no pelletizing or briquetting is carried out), the heating speed is high, and the dioxin in the fly ash is quickly and effectively decomposed at high temperature; meanwhile, the escaped high-temperature flue gas is quickly cooled from 1300 ℃ to 600 ℃, so that the secondary synthesis of dioxin is avoided. The concentration of dioxin in the discharged flue gas is only 4.22E-02TEQ ng/m3Far below the national emission standard limit (0.1 ng/m)3)。
(3) When the fly ash with the weight ratio not more than 25 percent is added into the blast furnace slag, the leaching concentration of the heavy metals such as Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and the like in the composite water-quenched slag is lower than the standard limit value, and the curing effect is good.
(4) When the fly ash with the weight ratio not more than 25 percent is added into the blast furnace slag, the mineral structure and the vitrification rate of the composite granulated slag are not greatly different from those of the original blast furnace slag, and the chemical components and SO of the composite granulated slag3The content has no obvious change, the Cl ion content is less than 0.06 percent, the requirement of cement on the components of slag powder is met, the physical property and the hydration activity of the composite granulated slag are close to those of blast furnace granulated slag in 28 days, and the composite granulated slag can be used for producing cement. The water quenching slag after the pure fly ash is melted has poor mineral phase structure, low vitrification rate and easy agglomeration and expansion, so the service performance is poor and the resource utilization is limited.
(5) When the fly ash with the weight proportion not more than 25% is added into the blast furnace slag under the process system that the temperature of the composite slag is 1400-1450 ℃ and the reaction time is kept for 20-40min, the leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the flue gas washing mud is lower than the standard limit value by adopting the flue gas treatment mode and the system device, and the sludge can be treated according to the general solid waste or utilized in iron-making production.
(6) The melting furnace adopting resistance heating has the heating function of providing important technical guarantee for compensating the temperature drop generated after the fly ash is added into the blast furnace slag and controlling the composite slag within a reasonable temperature range. The method can avoid the difficult outflow caused by the severe increase of the viscosity of the composite slag due to the temperature reduction without heat supplementing and raising capability, ensure the smooth proceeding of the fly ash disposal process, enlarge the adding range of the fly ash and improve the disposal capability of the fly ash; the fly ash fusion treatment device has the capability of fusion treatment of fly ash when the blast furnace is not normally produced, the blast furnace slag temperature is lower, and even when the blast furnace is stopped and no slag is available.
The used melting furnace is provided with the water cooling device for the refractory on the side wall of the furnace, so that the working temperature of the refractory can be obviously reduced during production, the solidified slag layer formed on the inner wall of the water-cooled furnace wall plays a good role in protecting the refractory from slag erosion, the accidents of burning through and slag leakage of the melting furnace are prevented, the service life of the melting furnace is prolonged, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the operating efficiency of the melting furnace is improved.
(7) The fly ash is treated by adopting the electric heating melting furnace, the smoke gas amount in the treatment process is very small, and the burden of a smoke gas treatment system is greatly reduced.
(8) And the whole process of fly ash treatment is closed. The flue gas treatment and purification system of the device cools high-temperature flue gas generated in the fly ash treatment process through a flue gas heat exchanger and a method of adding cold air, and recovers waste heat for drying, dehumidifying and heating the fly ash; the smoke dust is washed by a wet method, adsorbed by active carbon and dedusted by a bag-type deduster, so that volatilized secondary pollutants (K, Na, Cl, S and other elements and heavy metal compounds such As Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As and the like) can be purified harmlessly, and the environmental pollution of the secondary smoke dust is avoided. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, dioxin, heavy metals and the like are not detected in the purified flue gas. The cloth bag dust can be returned to the fly ash storage bin for secondary treatment. The content of heavy metal in the waste water after the flue gas washing and the content of heavy metal in the waste water after the composite molten slag water quenching both meet the waste water discharge standard. The waste water produced by the system is recycled in the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention for co-processing fly ash with high temperature slag from a blast furnace;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a process for co-processing fly ash with blast furnace slag according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart and apparatus diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for treating waste incineration fly ash in a harmless, resource and low-energy-consumption manner.
The method utilizes the characteristics of high temperature (1480-1510 ℃), large heat capacity and large discharge amount (1 ton molten iron is produced in the blast furnace, and the slag discharge amount is about 250-350kg) of the blast furnace slag as a heat source for melting the fly ash and a carrier of silicate resource substances. Liquid slag discharged from a blast furnace is put into a slag furnace, and fly ash is added and mixed to melt inorganic substances in the fly ash and form slag. Controlling the temperature, components and reaction time of the slag in the slag furnace, and then discharging the reconstructed slag out of the slag furnace for flushing and rapid cooling. A flue gas treatment and purification system is arranged on the slag furnace to collect dust, flue gas, volatilized heavy metal and the like generated during the addition and melting of the fly ash, so that the secondary pollution in the fly ash treatment process is avoided. The blast furnace granulated slag melted into the fly ash meets the requirements of cement on the components and the performance of slag, and is still used as cement aggregate for cement production or used as roadbed material and building material; the fly ash melting process can thoroughly decompose organic pollutants such as dioxin, the reconstructed water quenching slag still keeps a vitrified structure, and most heavy metals are solidified in the water quenching slag. Therefore, the technology has the advantages of low energy consumption, thorough harmless treatment of the fly ash, good resource utilization of the fly ash, environment-friendly process and the like.
The method for treating waste incineration fly ash by utilizing blast furnace slag heat energy in a synergistic melting and environment-friendly manner and recycling the fly ash, in particular relates to a fly ash melting treatment method and a fly ash melting and flue gas purification device. The waste incineration fly ash in the technical scheme comprises fly ash generated by incineration of various wastes such as domestic waste, industrial waste, green waste and the like, and various solid wastes containing dioxin and heavy metals.
Adding blast furnace slag discharged in blast furnace production in a molten state into a melting furnace, wherein the temperature of the blast furnace slag is acceptable within the range of 1480-1510 ℃, adding fly ash into the melting furnace and fully stirring the fly ash in the process of discharging the blast furnace slag into the melting furnace or after the blast furnace slag is loaded into the melting furnace to reach proper capacity, wherein the proportion of the fly ash in the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash is not more than 25%; after the fly ash is added, the temperature of the composite slag in the melting furnace is kept at 1450 ℃ of 1400 ℃ by adjusting the electric heating power of the melting furnace, and the reaction time is kept for 20-40min at the temperature, so that inorganic matters in the fly ash are fully melted and the composition homogenization and the structure homogenization with the blast furnace slag are realized. And opening a slag outlet water-cooling heat-insulation flashboard of the melting furnace, and cooling the outflowing composite slag by using high-pressure water to obtain powdery water slag which is used as cement aggregate after fine grinding.
The blast furnace slag is shunted by the blast furnace slag ditch and flows into the melting furnace through the shunt flashboard, or flows into the slag pot firstly and then is poured into the melting furnace. And when the blast furnace slag in the melting furnace reaches the specified capacity or liquid level, closing the flow dividing flashboard and stopping adding the blast furnace slag into the melting furnace. The fly ash is dried, dehumidified, heated and fluidized in a fly ash storage bin, and then enters a melting furnace through a star-shaped ash discharge valve, a spiral conveyor, a spiral pusher and a manual external cooling type heat insulation flashboard.
The melting furnace is a resistance furnace with a body cooler, a molybdenum electrode is used as a heating element, the molten slag is heated by utilizing the electric conduction function and the Joule heat of high-temperature molten slag, so that the energy required by the temperature rise of the fly ash, the decomposition of organic matters in the fly ash and the decomposition, melting and overheating of various inorganic salts in the fly ash is compensated, and the temperature of the composite molten slag is controlled to be higher than the flowing temperature of the composite molten slag, so that the composite molten slag is prevented from reducing the fluidity and influencing the normal discharge due to overhigh viscosity. The electrode rod penetrates through the side wall refractory of the melting furnace in a side insertion mode and extends into a slag pool, and the liquid level of the composite slag in the melting furnace can be 1m higher than the electrode rod. The electrode rod can be advanced in-line according to the wear rate. The electrodes of the melting furnace are connected with an electric control device, and the heating speed of the melting furnace and the temperature of slag in the furnace are adjusted by a transformer. The melting furnace is of a circular or oval structure, aluminum-carbon bricks with certain thickness are arranged on the inner side wall of the melting furnace, meanwhile, a cooler is arranged on a steel shell on the side surface of the melting furnace, and side surface refractory materials are cooled in a jacket type water spraying cooling mode or a water-cooling cast iron cooling wall mode, so that the long service life of the refractory materials and the safety of the melting furnace can be ensured. The furnace top flue gas sealing cover of the melting furnace adopts a structure of spraying refractory on a tortoise deck, and a partition wall with a certain height is arranged on the flue gas sealing cover so as to reduce the direct discharge of unfused fly ash from a flue gas outlet in the fly ash adding and stirring processes. A gas spray gun is arranged on the top of the melting furnace, can perform descending and lifting actions, and is used for stirring and mixing the fly ash and blast furnace slag added into the melting furnace after descending. The stirring gas may be air or nitrogen. When fly ash is added, the gas flow is controlled to be 200L/min, the stirring is carried out for 2min, and the pressure is 0.2 MPa. And after the addition of the fly ash is finished, blowing and stirring for 5min by controlling the gas flow to be 500L/min and the pressure to be 0.2 MPa. A slag outlet of the melting furnace is provided with a water-cooling heat insulation flashboard, the flow rate of slag discharge is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the flashboard and the amount of cooling water, the liquid level height in the melting furnace is closely monitored in the slag discharging process, and slag discharge is stopped when the liquid level is close to an electrode rod. The phenomenon that the slag level is lower than the electrode rod is not allowed to occur, otherwise the service life of the electrode is seriously influenced.
High-temperature flue gas and dust discharged from the top of the melting furnace are treated by a negative pressure type flue gas cooling, dust removing and purifying system. The temperature of the flue gas discharged from the melting furnace is 1300-1350 ℃, the highest temperature is not more than 1400 ℃, and the dust mainly contains K, Na, Cl, S and other elements and heavy metal compounds (mainly chlorides and sulfides) such As Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As and the like volatilized at high temperature. Although dioxin in the waste gas is completely decomposed at the temperature of more than 1400 ℃, in order to prevent the smoke from being resynthesized into dioxin in the cooling process and cool the smoke for dedusting and purifying, the high-temperature smoke is subjected to heat exchange, mixed cold air is cooled to 600 ℃ and then is subjected to water washing treatment. Steam generated by the high-temperature flue gas passing through the heat exchanger is supplied to a paddle dryer in the fly ash storage bin for use, and the paddle dryers are symmetrically arranged in the fly ash storage bin and used for dehumidifying and drying fly ash to prevent the fly ash from being bonded and not discharged. Meanwhile, the fly ash is preheated to 180 ℃ below 150 ℃ by utilizing the waste heat of the waste gas, the cooling effect of the fly ash on the slag in the melting furnace is reduced, and the heating energy consumption is saved. The flue gas purification process not only avoids the regeneration of dioxin, but also can oxidize and separate out Zn, KCl, NaCl and PbCl in the flue gas2And (3) dissolving all the salt substances in water by spraying water, and feeding the washed sludge into a mud sedimentation tank. And the waste water generated in the dust and mud particles and water separation process in the mud tank enters the flue gas washing process again for recycling, and when chloride in the waste water is enriched to a certain concentration after being recycled for a certain time, an alkaline medicament is added for treatment, and a part of the waste water is discharged outside to supplement a part of new water. And (4) performing vacuum dehydration on the precipitated sludge slurry, and temporarily storing the separated mud cakes in a storage bin. The mud cake belongs to common solid waste and can be reused in a steel mill.
The flue gas dust after washing inevitably contains a small amount of sulfide, cadmium, lead and other heavy metals, so the flue gas is adsorbed and purified by an active carbon purification tower, then is dedusted by a bag-type deduster, and the waste gas is pumped out by an induced draft fan and is discharged out of the atmosphere after reaching the standard through an exhaust funnel. And the dust recovered by the bag-type dust remover is sent to a fly ash storage bin and then enters the melting furnace again along with the fly ash for disposal.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for co-processing fly ash by using blast furnace slag, and the process flow and the apparatus system thereof are shown in fig. 3. Embodiments thereof may be, but are not limited to, the processes and system devices of this figure. So long as the technical content of the process and the device is met, the technical content is within the protection scope of the patent application.
Fly ash from an urban refuse burning power plant and blast furnace slag from an iron and steel plant are used as raw materials to be treated, and the chemical compositions thereof are shown in the following table 2.
Chemical composition of fly ash and blast furnace slag used in Table 2%
| TC | S | Cl | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | MnO | P2O5 | K2O | Na2O | TFe | ZnO | PbO | |
| Fly ash raw ash | 4.5 | 1.4 | 13.91 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 54 | 0.9 | ＜0.05 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 0.6 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
| Blast furnace dry slag | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 33.9 | 15.1 | 41.6 | 6 | 0.3 | ＜0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
Example 1:
and starting a fan of the dust removal system and operating the dust removal system equipment. The slag in a molten state discharged from a blast furnace is dividedly charged into a melting furnace which is heated to 1400 ℃ or higher and contains blast furnace slag and has a liquid level of 1500 ℃ or higher at a predetermined lower limit or higher. And later discharging the fly ash into the melting furnace, wherein the discharge flow rate of the fly ash can be gradually increased along with the increase of the liquid level of blast furnace slag in the melting furnace. And controlling the negative pressure of the system to enable the pressure of the flue gas outlet at the top of the melting furnace to be micro negative pressure. When the weight or liquid level of the blast furnace slag in the melting furnace reaches a certain set value, the discharge of the blast furnace slag is stopped. And stopping adding the fly ash when the discharge amount of the fly ash reaches 15 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash. The melting furnace is continuously heated while the fly ash is discharged into the melting furnace. 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent of fly ash are added and then are respectively stirred and mixed by inserting a gas spray gun once. Controlling the temperature of the slag in the melting furnace to 1400 ℃ and 1420 ℃ and keeping the temperature for about 20 minutes. And then opening a slag outlet flashboard, and enabling the molten slag to flow into a slag flushing pool through a slag runner for water quenching. Washing flue gas according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 7: the water-slag ratio of 1 is used for flushing water slag.
After detection, the Cl ion content in the composite water granulated slag after 15 percent of fly ash is added<0.06% of chemical composition, SO, as shown in Table 33The content is not much different from that of the blast furnace granulated slag, and as shown in Table 8, the composition requirement of the cement on the slag powder is met. The hydration activity index in 28 days is 94% (according to S95 slag micropowder activity indexThe national standard requires that the hydration activity index of the granulated slag is more than or equal to 95 percent in 28 days, and is slightly lower than that of the high-furnace granulated slag, as shown in Table 9. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the water slag is lower than the standard limit value, and the solidification effect is good, as shown in Table 4. The concentration of heavy metal in the dust after the flue gas purification reaches the standard, and the concentration of dioxin is lower than the limit value of the national emission standard (0.1 ng/m)3) No SO detected2、NOx. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the flue gas washing sludge is lower than the standard limit value, and as shown in table 5, the sludge can be treated according to common solid waste. Compared with the wastewater discharge standard of steel enterprises, the concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater after the flue gas washing and the wastewater after the slag water quenching are not over the standard, as shown in tables 6 and 7.
Example 2:
and starting a fan of the dust removal system and operating the dust removal system equipment. Molten slag discharged from the blast furnace was dividedly charged into a melting furnace heated to 1400 ℃ or higher, and the temperature of the blast furnace slag was 1505 ℃. And later discharging the fly ash into the melting furnace, wherein the discharge flow of the fly ash is gradually increased along with the increase of the liquid level of blast furnace slag in the melting furnace. And controlling the negative pressure of the system to enable the pressure of the flue gas outlet at the top of the melting furnace to be micro negative pressure. When the weight or liquid level of the blast furnace slag in the melting furnace reaches a certain set value, the discharge of the blast furnace slag is stopped. And stopping adding the fly ash when the discharge amount of the fly ash reaches 20 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash. The melting furnace is continuously heated while the fly ash is discharged into the melting furnace. 5 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent of fly ash are added and then are respectively stirred and mixed by inserting a gas spray gun once. Controlling the temperature of the slag in the melting furnace to be 1410-1420 ℃ and keeping the temperature for about 25 minutes. And then opening a slag outlet flashboard, and enabling the molten slag to flow into a slag flushing pool through a slag runner for water quenching. Washing flue gas according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 7: the water-slag ratio of 1 is used for flushing water slag.
After detection, the Cl ion content in the composite water granulated slag after 20 percent of fly ash is added<0.06% of chemical composition, SO, as shown in Table 33The content is not much different from that of the blast furnace granulated slag, and as shown in Table 8, the composition requirement of the cement on the slag powder is met. The hydration activity index of the slag in 28 days is 95 percent (according to the national standard of the activity index of the S95 slag micro powder, the hydration activity index of the slag in 28 days is required to be more than or equal to 95 percent) and is slightly higher than the slag in the high furnaceLow as shown in table 9. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the water slag is lower than the standard limit value, and the solidification effect is good, as shown in Table 4. The concentration of heavy metal in the dust after the flue gas purification reaches the standard, and the concentration of dioxin is lower than the limit value of the national emission standard (0.1 ng/m)3) No SO detected2、NOx. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the flue gas washing sludge is lower than the standard limit value, and as shown in table 5, the sludge can be treated according to common solid waste. The concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater after the flue gas washing and the wastewater after the slag water quenching do not exceed the wastewater discharge standard of iron and steel enterprises, as shown in tables 6 and 7.
Example 3:
and starting a fan of the dust removal system and operating the dust removal system equipment. The slag in a molten state discharged from the blast furnace was dividedly charged into a melting furnace heated to 1400 ℃ or higher, and the temperature of the blast furnace slag was 1510 ℃. And later discharging the fly ash into the melting furnace, wherein the discharge flow of the fly ash can be gradually increased along with the increase of the liquid level of blast furnace slag in the melting furnace. And controlling the negative pressure of the system to enable the pressure of the flue gas outlet at the top of the melting furnace to be micro negative pressure. When the weight or liquid level of the blast furnace slag in the melting furnace reaches a certain set value, the discharge of the blast furnace slag is stopped. And stopping adding the fly ash when the discharge amount of the fly ash reaches 25 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash. The melting furnace is continuously heated while the fly ash is discharged into the melting furnace. 5 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent, 20 percent and 25 percent of fly ash are added and then are respectively stirred and mixed by inserting a gas spray gun once. Controlling the temperature of the slag in the melting furnace to 1420-1430 ℃ and keeping the temperature for about 30 minutes. And then opening a slag outlet flashboard, and enabling the molten slag to flow into a slag flushing pool through a slag runner for water quenching. Washing flue gas according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, and mixing the components in a ratio of 7: the water-slag ratio of 1 is used for flushing water slag.
After detection, the Cl ion content in the composite granulated slag after 25 percent of fly ash is added<0.06% of chemical composition, SO, as shown in Table 33The content is not much different from that of the blast furnace granulated slag, and as shown in Table 8, the composition requirement of the cement on the slag powder is met. The activity index of the slag powder after 28 days is 96 percent (according to the national standard of the activity index of the slag micro powder of S95, the activity index of the slag powder after 28 days is required to be more than or equal to 95 percent), and is slightly lower than that of the high-furnace granulated slag, as shown in Table 9. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the granulated slag is lower than the standardThe accuracy value, as shown in Table 4, is very good. The concentration of heavy metal in the dust after the flue gas purification reaches the standard, and the concentration of dioxin is lower than the limit value of the national emission standard (0.1 ng/m)3) No SO detected2、NOx. The leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the flue gas washing sludge is lower than the standard limit value, and as shown in table 5, the sludge can be treated according to common solid waste. The concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater after the flue gas washing and the wastewater after the slag water quenching do not exceed the wastewater discharge standard of iron and steel enterprises, as shown in tables 6 and 7.
Attached table:
table 3 composite granulated slag composition (%)
| Composition (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Granulated blast furnace slag |
| S | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.85 | 0.72 |
| K2O | 0.2 | 0.1 | ＜0.1 | 0.4 |
| Na2O | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Cl | 0.05 | 0.04 | <0.06 | 0.02 |
| CuO | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
| NiO | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
| PbO | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
| ZnO | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 |
As can be seen from Table 3, when the fly ash is mixed in the proportions of 15%, 20% and 25%, the Cl ion content of the composite water-quenched slag is less than 0.06%, and the requirements of cement on the components of the slag powder are met. Under the conditions of fly ash and blast furnace slag used in the invention, when the fly ash proportion exceeds 25%, the Cl ion content of the water granulated slag exceeds the standard.
TABLE 4 heavy metal leaching concentration of composite water granulated slag in each example
| Item | Detection limit | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Standard Limit (mg/L) |
| Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) | 0.04 | ＜0.03 | ＜0.04 | ＜0.04 | 5 |
| Arsenic (mu g/L) | 15 | ＜14 | ＜15 | ＜15 | 5 |
| Cadmium (mu g/L) | 1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | ＜1 | 1 |
| Total chromium (μ g/L) | 7 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 15 |
| Copper (mu g/L) | 10 | ＜9 | ＜10 | ＜10 | 100 |
| Lead (mu g/L) | 10 | ＜9 | ＜10 | ＜10 | 5 |
| Nickel (mu g/L) | 8 | ＜7 | ＜8 | ＜8 | 5 |
| Zinc (mu g/L) | 5 | ＜5 | ＜5 | ＜5 | 100 |
| Mercury (mug/L) | 0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | ＜0.05 | 0.1 |
Table 4 shows that the proportion of the fly ash is less than 25%, the leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the composite water-quenched slag is far lower than the standard limit value, and the solidification effect of the heavy metals in the water-quenched slag is very good.
TABLE 5 examples of heavy metal leaching concentrations in flue gas water wash sludge
| Item | Detection limit | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Standard Limit (mg/L) |
| Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) | 0.04 | ＜0.04 | ＜0.04 | ＜0.04 | 5 |
| Arsenic (mu g/L) | 15 | ＜15 | ＜15 | ＜15 | 5 |
| Cadmium (mu g/L) | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 |
| Total chromium (μ g/L) | 7 | 154 | 156 | 157 | 15 |
| Copper (mu g/L) | 10 | 53 | 55 | 58 | 100 |
| Lead (mu g/L) | 10 | ＜9 | ＜10 | ＜10 | 5 |
| Nickel (mu g/L) | 8 | ＜7 | ＜8 | ＜8 | 5 |
| Zinc (mu g/L) | 5 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 100 |
| Mercury (mug/L) | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.1 |
Table 5 shows that the proportion of the fly ash is less than 25%, and the leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the sludge generated by wet washing of the high-temperature flue gas of the melting furnace is far lower than the standard limit value, which indicates that the sludge belongs to general solid waste.
TABLE 6 concentration of heavy metals in wastewater after washing flue gas in each example
Table 6 shows that the proportion of the fly ash is less than 25%, and the leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the waste water generated by wet washing of the high-temperature flue gas of the melting furnace is far lower than the standard limit value, which indicates that the waste water does not need special treatment to remove the heavy metals and can be utilized or discharged. As the PH value of the waste water is increased after the fly ash is added, acid liquid can be added for neutralization treatment.
TABLE 7 heavy metal concentration in the waste water after slag water quenching of each example
The results in table 7 show that the proportion of the fly ash is less than 25%, and the leaching concentration of various heavy metals in the wastewater generated after the water quenching of the composite slag is far lower than the standard limit value, which indicates that the wastewater does not need special treatment to remove the heavy metals and can be recycled or discharged.
TABLE 8 Water-quenched slag SO of the examples3Content of (C) (%)
The results in Table 8 show that the fly ash proportion is less than 25%, the SO3 content of the composite water-quenched slag is less than or equal to 0.12%, and the SO3 content of the composite water-quenched slag does not exceed the SO3 content of the pure blast furnace water-quenched slag used as cement aggregate, and the composite water-quenched slag meets the requirement of being used as cement aggregate in the aspect of SO3 content index.
TABLE 9 physical Properties and hydration Activity of Water-granulated slag of examples
The results in Table 9 show that the fly ash proportion is less than 25%, the physical properties of the composite water-quenched slag are basically the same as those of the blast furnace granulated slag, the 28-day hydration activity index is 94-96%, and although the value is lower than the detection value (105%) of pure blast furnace granulated slag, the composite water-quenched slag meets the requirements of national standard indexes. The active index value of the water-quenched slag after the pure fly ash is melted is only 51 percent, which shows that the fly ash is added into blast furnace slag to form composite water slag, the performance of the water slag is obviously improved, and the approach of resource utilization of the water slag as building materials and the like is expanded.
Claims (11)
1. A method for disposing waste incineration fly ash with low energy consumption, resource utilization and environmental protection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding the blast furnace slag at the temperature of 1480-1510 ℃ into a melting furnace, adding fly ash and fully stirring while or subsequently, wherein the addition amount of the fly ash accounts for no more than 25 percent of the total mass of the blast furnace slag and the fly ash;
2) keeping the temperature of the composite slag in the melting furnace at 1400 ℃ and 1450 ℃, and keeping the reaction time at the temperature for 20-40 min;
3) and discharging slag, cooling, and performing water quenching treatment to obtain powdery water slag which is used as cement aggregate after fine grinding.
2. The method for disposing waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash added in step 1) is pretreated by drying, dehumidifying, heating and fluidizing.
3. The method for disposing flying ash from garbage incineration as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pretreated flying ash is introduced into the melting furnace after passing through a star-type ash discharge valve, a screw conveyor, a screw pusher and a manual external cooling type thermal insulation shutter in sequence.
4. The method for disposing flying ash from garbage incineration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is an electric resistance furnace with a bulk cooler, molybdenum electrodes are used as heating elements, electrode rods of the molybdenum electrodes penetrate through the side wall refractory of the melting furnace in a side-inserted mode and extend into the slag pool, and the liquid level of the composite slag in the melting furnace is controlled to be 0.1-1.0m above the horizontal position of the electrode rods in normal operation.
5. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 4, wherein the slag discharge is stopped when the liquid level in the melting furnace approaches the electrode rod.
6. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration of claim 1, wherein the stirring is performed by using air or nitrogen, and the flow rate of stirring gas is controlled to be 200L/min, the stirring is performed for 2min, and the pressure is 0.2MPa when the fly ash is added; and after the fly ash is added, controlling the flow rate of air or nitrogen at 500L/min and the pressure at 0.2MPa, and blowing and stirring for 3-8 min.
7. The method for disposing waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, further comprising the step of cooling the high temperature flue gas and dust discharged from the top of the melting furnace to 600 ℃ and introducing the cooled high temperature flue gas and dust into a negative pressure type flue gas cooling, dust removing and purifying system for further treatment, wherein the purifying system at least comprises a water washing treatment link.
8. The method for disposing fly ash from waste incineration as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying and heating of the fly ash comprises the steps of preheating the fly ash to 150-; the fly ash completes the pretreatment of drying and dehumidifying under the action of a paddle dryer, and the heat source of the paddle dryer is steam generated by high-temperature flue gas at the top of a melting furnace through a heat exchanger.
9. A treatment apparatus for implementing the method for disposing fly ash from incineration of refuse according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the melting furnace is a resistance furnace with a body cooler, a heating electrode of the resistance furnace is a molybdenum electrode, the cross section of the melting furnace is of a circular or oval structure, a refractory material layer is arranged on the inner side wall of the melting furnace, and an electrode rod of the molybdenum electrode penetrates through the refractory material layer on the side wall to extend into a slag pool in a side insertion mode; a cooler is arranged on the steel shell on the side surface of the melting furnace, and the refractory material on the side surface is cooled in a jacket type sprinkling cooling mode or a water-cooling cast iron cooling wall mode; the furnace top flue gas sealing cover of the melting furnace adopts a structure of spraying refractory on a tortoise deck, a partition wall which can prevent fly ash which is not melted in the process of adding and stirring from being directly discharged from a flue gas outlet is arranged on the flue gas sealing cover, and a lifting gas spray gun is arranged on the furnace top of the melting furnace and used for providing stirring gas; and a slag outlet of the melting furnace is provided with a water-cooling heat insulation flashboard with controllable opening.
10. The process arrangement of claim 9, further comprising a screw feeder for feeding fly ash into said melting furnace.
11. The treatment device according to claim 9, further comprising a tail gas treatment system, wherein the tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger, a water washing tower, a cloth bag dust removal device and an induced draft fan in the treatment sequence; the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the furnace top of the melting furnace enters the tail gas treatment system under the action of air draft of the fan, the heat exchanger exchanges heat from 1300 ℃ to 1400 ℃ and reduces the temperature of the flue gas to 600 ℃, the water washing tower carries out water washing treatment and deacidification on the flue gas after heat exchange, the cloth bag dust removal device carries out dust removal, purification and adsorption on the flue gas after water washing, and the purified waste gas is extracted by the draught fan and discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.
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| CN116174456A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-05-30 | 新源县渣宝环保技术有限公司 | Method for cooperatively treating fly ash in Yili region by utilizing Yili converter slag |
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