CN113526896B - Method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing solid waste base gel material by using same - Google Patents

Method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing solid waste base gel material by using same Download PDF

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CN113526896B
CN113526896B CN202110795906.7A CN202110795906A CN113526896B CN 113526896 B CN113526896 B CN 113526896B CN 202110795906 A CN202110795906 A CN 202110795906A CN 113526896 B CN113526896 B CN 113526896B
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fly ash
melting furnace
incineration fly
waste incineration
solid waste
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CN113526896A (en
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刘晓明
薛阳
倪文
朱荣
张思奇
董凯
郝先胜
王俊英
朱国辉
王健
王志刚
姜永钢
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Lulong Honghe Waste Utilization Co ltd
Tangshan Hexing Waste Material Integrated Utilization Technology Co ltd
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Lulong Honghe Waste Utilization Co ltd
Tangshan Hexing Waste Material Integrated Utilization Technology Co ltd
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/04—Heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F27D2003/164—Oxygen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing a solid waste base gel material by using the same, which comprises the following steps: s100: adopting a melting furnace, adding auxiliary fuel at the top of the melting furnace, and spraying the waste incineration fly ash into a hearth area of the melting furnace in a targeted manner, so that dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash is completely oxidized and decomposed under the conditions of high temperature above 1500 ℃ and oxygen enrichment; s200: recovering slag discharged by the melting furnace, and sequentially carrying out water quenching and grinding to obtain slag micro powder of the melting furnace; s300: and mixing the slag micro powder with solid waste and water to obtain the solid waste based gel material. Before the step S100, the method also comprises a granulation process of the waste incineration fly ash, the binder and the metallurgical dust and mud to obtain raw material particles. The granulation process introduces metallurgical dust mud into the waste incineration fly ash, and oxides of the metallurgical dust mud react with chlorobenzene and chlorophenol precursors to provide metal cations for chloride ions, inhibit organic chlorine from being converted into dioxin, and obtain relatively stable metal chloride.

Description

Method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing solid waste base gel material by using same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous waste and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing a solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash.
Background
With the gradual increase of the discharge amount of urban domestic garbage, the proportion of the incineration method in domestic garbage treatment in China reaches more than 50%, according to statistics, 600 + 700 million tons of waste incineration fly ash are generated in China every year, and because the waste incineration fly ash contains various heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofuran and the like), the harmless treatment of the waste incineration fly ash has attracted people's attention.
The main treatment methods of the waste incineration fly ash comprise a landfill method, a chemical treatment method and a heat treatment method. The landfill method has no obvious treatment effect on dioxin, and cannot recover metal elements in the fly ash. The chemical treatment method can extract part of heavy metals in the fly ash, but can produce high-concentration inorganic salt wastewater, and has higher cost and incomplete heavy metal treatment. The heat treatment method decomposes organic pollutants such as dioxin in fly ash at high temperature to solidify heavy metals in a vitreous body formed by melting inorganic substances, but has high energy consumption.
At present, the heat treatment combustion method is simple to operate and has more researches. The technical personnel in the field research and utilize sintering machine to handle waste incineration fly ash in coordination, but because the high temperature region is little in the sintering process, the burning is not enough, the problem such as low flue gas temperature, make the decomposition of dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash not enough, produce the precursor of dioxin such as a certain amount of chlorobenzene, chlorophenol, etc., and these precursors can produce dioxin again along with the reduction of flue gas temperature at the end of burning, lead to the treatment effect of dioxin not good. Moreover, after the waste incineration fly ash is subjected to heat treatment, more solid wastes are still generated, and no good utilization method is provided for the solid wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing a solid waste based gel material using the same, the method comprising the steps of:
s100: adopting a melting furnace, adding auxiliary fuel on the top of the melting furnace in a targeted manner, and burning the waste incineration fly ash at a high temperature of more than 1500 ℃ to completely oxidize and decompose dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash;
s200: recovering slag discharged by the melting furnace, and sequentially carrying out water quenching and grinding to obtain slag micro powder;
s300: and mixing the slag micro powder with solid waste and water to obtain the solid waste based gel material.
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash provided by the invention aims at the problems of oxidative decomposition of dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash and recycling of residual slag, proposes that the waste incineration fly ash is treated by using the melting furnace in a synergistic manner, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched condition of the melting furnace is fully exerted, the waste incineration fly ash is directly sprayed into a furnace body, the combustion of auxiliary fuel is matched, the dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash is oxidized and decomposed at high temperature, and the generated slag is used for preparing the solid waste based gel material after being treated, so that the environmental protection benefit is ensured, and the economic benefit is increased. The inventor selects the melting furnace, makes full use of the larger hearth environment of the melting furnace, and basically has no upper indirect reduction section, so that the integral high-temperature oxygen-enriched environment of the melting furnace ensures the thorough decomposition of dioxin.
Preferably, step S100 may further include a step of granulating the waste incineration fly ash, the binder and the metallurgical dust and sludge to obtain raw material particles with uniform composition and size.
In the process for treating the waste incineration fly ash by a combustion method, a problem always exists: dioxin is combusted to generate a certain amount of chlorobenzene, chlorophenol and other precursors, and the precursors generate dioxin again at the rear end of combustion along with the reduction of the temperature of flue gas. At present, a rapid cooling method is generally adopted in the field to solve the problem, the time of the precursor at the low temperature transition temperature is shortened as much as possible, and the generated dioxin is reduced as much as possible. The granulation process introduces metallurgical dust mud into the waste incineration fly ash, oxides in the metallurgical dust mud react with chlorobenzene, chlorophenol and other precursors to provide metal cations for chloride ions, inhibit organic chlorine from being converted into dioxin again, obtain relatively stable metal chloride at the same time, and facilitate effective recovery of metal resources in the metallurgical dust mud.
In addition, the particle size of the waste incineration fly ash raw material is very small, and the median diameter X50About 10 μm, X90About 42 μm, and the small particle size adversely affects the transportation and blowing of the waste incineration fly ash, so that granulation is required, and the addition of the metallurgical dust and sludge is advantageous in improving the granulation effect and obtaining raw material particles with uniform components and sizes.
Optionally, the granulation process specifically comprises: (1) uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the metallurgical dust and mud according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-4); (2) and adding a binder to prepare raw material particles with uniform components and particle sizes, wherein the binder accounts for 3-10% of the mass sum of the waste incineration fly ash and the metallurgical dust and mud.
Optionally, the metallurgical dust and sludge in the step (1) is metallurgical solid waste containing metal oxides or metal minerals, and is selected from one or two of sintering machine head ash, blast furnace gas ash or converter gas ash.
The mass ratio of the waste incineration fly ash to the metallurgical dust and mud is preferably 1 (1-2).
Optionally, the binder in step (2) is selected from one or a combination of two or more of bentonite, organic resin, cellulose, water glass and starch, and is preferably organic resin, cellulose or starch. Organic resin, cellulose and starch belong to organic binders, on one hand, the manufactured particles have proper normal temperature strength, on the other hand, after the particles are sprayed into a melting furnace, the organic binders can be rapidly combusted to form pores, the specific surface area of the particles is increased while the heat is increased, and the rapid decomposition of dioxin and the rapid gasification of sodium potassium salt in the particles are facilitated.
Optionally, the particle size of the raw material particles in the step (2) is not more than 200 μm, preferably, the proportion of particles with the particle size in the range of 50-150 μm is more than 80%, and the raw material particles with the particle size are suitable for being sprayed into the melting furnace through a blast powder spraying device equipped in the melting furnace, so that the raw material particles are not precipitated due to the excessively large particle size, the full combustion is not influenced, the agglomeration phenomenon due to the excessively small particle size is avoided, and the full combustion is also influenced.
Optionally, a disc type granulator is selected for granulation in the step (2), a cold setting forming process is adopted, and preferably, the disc diameter of the disc type granulator is 80cm, the inclination angle of the disc is 45-60 degrees, and the rotating speed is 10-30 r/min.
Optionally, step S100 specifically includes the following steps:
(3) spraying the raw material particles prepared in the step (2) into a hearth area at the lower part of the melting furnace by using oxygen-enriched air;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) targeted feeding of auxiliary fuel at the top of a melting furnace;
(5) the dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash is oxidized and decomposed into H under the condition of high temperature and oxygen enrichment2O、CO2And HCl, which reacts with adjacent metals or minerals to form chloride salts to prevent acid corrosion;
(6) and discharging slag generated after the raw material particles and the auxiliary fuel are combusted from a slag discharge port of the melting furnace.
Optionally, the high-temperature oxygen enrichment condition is 1500-.
Optionally, the blast powder spraying device of the melting furnace comprises a first spraying assembly, a second spraying assembly and a spray gun, wherein the first spraying assembly comprises a first storage tank and two first spraying tanks which are connected with each other and are used for spraying the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles; the second injection assembly comprises a second storage tank and two second injection tanks which are connected with each other and are used for injecting pulverized coal; the spray gun comprises a first inlet, a second inlet, a mixing cavity and a nozzle, wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are connected in parallel at one end of the mixing cavity, and the nozzle is arranged at the other end of the mixing cavity; the outlet of the first injection tank is connected with the first inlet, the outlet of the second injection tank is connected with the second inlet, and the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles and the coal dust are respectively injected into the spray gun to be fully mixed and then are sprayed out from the nozzle.
The waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles are stored in first storage tanks, two first injection tanks are used for standby and are connected with the first storage tanks in parallel, valves are arranged on connecting pipelines between the first storage tanks and the first injection tanks to control the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles to enter any one of the first injection tanks, and each first injection tank is provided with a pressure injection device to inject the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles to enter a spray gun by using pressure.
The pulverized coal is stored in the second storage tanks, the two second injection tanks are used and prepared and are connected with the second storage tanks in parallel, valves are arranged on connecting pipelines between the second storage tanks and the second injection tanks to control the pulverized coal to enter any one of the second injection tanks, and each second injection tank is provided with a pressure injection device to inject the pulverized coal into the spray gun by using pressure.
According to the invention, the density and granularity of the waste incineration fly ash or raw material particles are different from those of the coal powder, when the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles are blown into the melting furnace, the waste incineration fly ash and the coal powder need to be fluidized firstly, if the waste incineration fly ash and the coal powder are fluidized and mixed simultaneously by adopting a conventional method, the waste incineration fly ash floats above the coal powder and is accumulated at the upper part in a spray gun, the waste incineration fly ash and the coal powder cannot be uniformly mixed, and the effective combustion and the combustion temperature of the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles after entering the melting furnace are seriously influenced. The invention designs the first injection assembly and the second injection assembly, firstly respectively fluidizes the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles and the coal powder, and then inserts the fluidized raw materials into the spray gun for mixing, thereby improving the combustion efficiency.
Optionally, a hot air pipe is arranged on the side surface of the lower part of the melting furnace, is communicated with the inside of the hearth and is used for introducing preheated oxygen-enriched air into the melting furnace; and (3) enabling the nozzle of the spray gun to converge into the hot air pipe, and simultaneously spraying the raw material particles and the coal powder into the melting furnace by the spray gun by using oxygen-enriched air so as to ensure that the temperature of a tuyere convolution area at the joint of the melting furnace and the hot air pipe reaches 1500-1800 ℃.
The granulation process of the invention mixes and granulates the waste incineration fly ash, the metallurgical dust mud and the binding agent, which is not only beneficial for the blast spray gun to spray the raw materials into the melting furnace, but also is beneficial for the oxide in the metallurgical dust mud to react with the chlorobenzene, chlorophenol and other precursors to provide metal cations for chloride ions and inhibit organic chlorine from being converted into dioxin again, and in the step (5), the metal or mineral in the metallurgical dust mud can react with HCl generated by decomposition of dioxin to generate chloride, so that the acid corrosion of the melting furnace is prevented, the property of the chloride is stable, and the part of the chloride reaches the boiling point under the high temperature condition, such as MgCl2、CaCl2And the NaCl and the KCl enter the smoke and can be recycled.
Optionally, the auxiliary fuel in step (4) includes solid metal waste hot briquettes, sinter and coke, and the preparation method of the hot briquettes is as follows:
(a) uniformly mixing blast furnace cloth bag ash and converter fly ash according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-2);
(b) adding the binder, preparing into particles with uniform components and particle sizes, and performing cold setting molding, wherein the binder accounts for 3-5% of the sum of the mass of the blast furnace cloth bag ash and the mass of the converter fly ash;
(c) and (c) adding the particles obtained in the step (b) into a pretreatment furnace for heating at the temperature of 400-500 ℃ to obtain the thermal agglomeration.
The binder in the step (b) is the same as the binder in the step (2), and is preferably organic resin, cellulose or starch, the organic binder is combusted in a pretreatment furnace to form pores, increase the specific surface area of the hot briquettes and improve the combustion performance of the hot briquettes in a melting furnace.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the hot agglomerated and sintered ore of the metal solid waste of the auxiliary fuel to the coke is 1 (1-1.5) to 1-2.
In order to ensure the high temperature of the tuyere raceway and further ensure the sufficient combustion of raw material particles, the invention not only utilizes the blast powder spraying device to blow the raw material particles, coal powder and oxygen-enriched air into the tuyere raceway for combustion, but also adds the auxiliary fuel from the top of the melting furnace, the auxiliary fuel can be combusted, and in the process that the auxiliary fuel falls from the top, the auxiliary fuel reversely flows and fully contacts with high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the raw material particles and the coal powder for heat exchange to preheat the auxiliary fuel; on the other hand, metal components in the hot briquettes are smelted in a melting furnace, pig iron, rare and precious metal alloy and slag can be regenerated and generated, the slag is high-activity silicate slag, and various valuable metals in the hot briquettes and sintered ores are recovered. Therefore, the auxiliary fuel provided by the invention can support the combustion of raw material particles and can effectively recover valuable metals in solid wastes.
Optionally, step S100 further includes: (7) and the pig iron generated by the combustion of the auxiliary fuel and the raw material particles is discharged from an iron outlet at the bottom of the melting furnace, the generated high-activity silicate slag is discharged from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the melting furnace, and the generated rare and precious metal alloy is discharged from a discharge port at the bottom of the melting furnace and is transported to a rare and precious metal purification workshop for separation and purification of various valuable metals.
Optionally, in step S200, the water-quenched slag is ground to a particle size of not more than 200 μm, preferably, the proportion of particles with a particle size within a range of 50-150 μm is more than 80%, so as to obtain slag micropowder, wherein the specific surface area of the slag micropowder can reach 340-380m2In terms of/kg. The slag is high-activity silicate slag, and mineral phase reconstruction is performed during water quenching to generate a glass phase, so that the gelatinization of the slag is improved.
Preferably, the top of the melting furnace is provided with a feeding device, the bottom of the feeding device is provided with a distribution plate, the edge of the distribution plate is connected with an inclined distribution hopper, the distribution hopper is slender, the auxiliary fuel is fed into the melting furnace through the feeding device, the auxiliary fuel is dispersed on the distribution plate, and then the auxiliary fuel is fed into the melting furnace through the distribution hopper.
Preferably, the melting and separating furnace comprises a main flue gas pipe and a branch flue gas pipe, and the bottom end of the main flue gas pipe is arranged at the highest point of a reflow zone of auxiliary fuel accumulated in the melting and separating furnace; the flue gas branch pipe is arranged on the side surface of the top of the melting furnace and communicated with the inside of the melting furnace. The bottom of the flue gas main pipe is preferably arranged at the 1/3-1/2 height in the melting furnace;
the top that the flue gas was responsible for extends to the lower surface of cloth dish, and the flue gas be responsible for the top with the flue gas divides the pipe intercommunication.
Preferably, the flue gas branch pipe is provided with a negative pressure device, so that negative pressure is provided for the flue gas main pipe and the flue gas branch pipe, and high-temperature flue gas in the melting furnace is promoted to be rapidly led out.
Further preferably, the tail part of the flue gas branch pipe is connected with a heat exchange device, so that the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recovered and used for other heat energy equipment, such as heating the auxiliary fuel.
The invention improves the smoke guiding-out aspect of the traditional melting furnace, and adds the smoke main pipe on the basis of the existing smoke branch pipe, so that most high-temperature smoke is discharged from the smoke main pipe, and a small part of high-temperature smoke is discharged from the smoke branch pipe after passing through the auxiliary fuel accumulated in the melting furnace. The flue gas is responsible for and has guaranteed that the flue gas discharges the melting furnace smoothly, and the flue gas is responsible for and throws the position relation of material device's cloth dish for the material on the cloth dish is fully heated to high temperature flue gas, has accomplished auxiliary fuel's preheating, has reached the purpose of utilizing the heat energy of high temperature flue gas equally. The main flue gas pipe and the branch flue gas pipe are converged, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the melting furnace is completely led out. Because the main flue gas pipe is independently arranged inside the melting and separating furnace, the inside of the main flue gas pipe is unobstructed, the flow resistance of the flue gas pipe is much smaller than that of the branch flue gas pipe, and more high-temperature flue gas is preferentially discharged from the main flue gas pipe under the action of the negative pressure device.
Optionally, a plurality of flow guide pipes are arranged inside the flue gas main pipe, the flow guide pipes are arranged below the material distribution plate, one end of each flow guide pipe is in a bell mouth shape, the other end of each flow guide pipe is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the bell mouth is larger than that of the cylinder, when the rising flow rate of high-temperature flue gas generated at the lower part of the melting furnace is high, the bell mouth of each flow guide pipe faces upwards, air flow is suspended, more auxiliary fuel is prevented from being carried along due to the fact that the air flow rate is too high, the auxiliary fuel is brought into a subsequent link, the difficulty of subsequent potassium and sodium separation is increased, and meanwhile, the air flow passing through the bell mouth is uniformly distributed, and materials on the material distribution plate can be uniformly heated; when the high-temperature flue gas upwelling velocity that divides the stove lower part to produce is slower, the bell mouth of honeycomb duct is downward, and the air current is collected through the bell mouth and is followed the drum mouth blowout again, improves the air current velocity of flow, increases the contact of flue gas to the cloth dish, guarantees to preheat the effect.
Optionally, the plurality of flow guide pipes are arranged in a line and fixed on a rotating rod on the same horizontal plane, one end of the rotating rod penetrates out of the furnace wall, and the direction of the flow guide pipes is controlled by rotating the end penetrating out of the furnace wall.
Optionally, step S300 specifically includes:
(8) blending the slag micro powder and the solid waste, and uniformly stirring for 50-70s to obtain a mixture;
(9) adding water into the mixture, stirring for 30-40s, adding standard sand, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry;
(10) and injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, and carrying out primary curing, demolding and curing again to obtain the solid waste base gel material.
Optionally, in the step (8), the solid waste is selected from one or a combination of two or more of red mud, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum.
Optionally, in the step (8), cement is further added, and the cement, the slag micro powder and the solid waste are mixed, stirred and mixed for 50-70 seconds, so that a mixture is obtained.
Optionally, the mass fractions of the raw materials of the solid waste based gel material are as follows: 10-30 parts of cement, 30-50 parts of slag micro powder and 10 parts of red mud30-30 parts of fly ash, 5-15 parts of fly ash, 3-10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 350 parts of standard sand and 225 parts of water. CaO and (SiO) in the solid waste based gel material2+Al2O3) The weight ratio of the solid waste gel material is recorded as Ca/Si, and the Ca/Si of the solid waste gel material is 0.7-1.5.
Preferably, the mass fractions of the raw materials of the solid waste-based gel material are as follows: 15-25 parts of cement, 35-43 parts of slag micro powder, 15-25 parts of red mud, 8-12 parts of fly ash, 5-9 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 300 parts of standard sand and 217 parts of water 210-containing sand. The Ca/Si of the solid waste based gel material is 1.2-1.5.
Optionally, SiO in the fly ash2Not less than 40% of Al2O3The content is not less than 20 percent; na in red mud2The O content is not less than 10%.
The full combustion of the raw material particles and the auxiliary fuel is not only beneficial to the complete decomposition of dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash, but also enables the generated slag to have higher activity, and is beneficial to the improvement of the strength of the gel material and the fixation of harmful substances.
CaO and (SiO) in the solid waste based gel material prepared by the invention2+Al2O3) The weight ratio of the solid waste gel material is recorded as Ca/Si, the Ca/Si of the solid waste gel material is 0.7-1.5, and the solid waste gel material belongs to a medium calcium system. While ordinary portland cement belongs to a high-calcium low-silicon aluminum system (called a high-calcium system for short, Ca/Si is close to 3), and alkali-activated cementitious materials or geopolymers are mostly low-calcium high-silicon aluminum systems (called a silicon aluminum system for short, Ca/Si is close to 0.5). The solid waste based gel material is composed of various solid wastes, the components are complex, if Ca/Si is too high or too low, the strength and the toxicity leaching performance of the solid waste based gel material are poor, the ratio of Ca/Si is regulated and controlled within a medium-calcium content transition system range between a high-calcium system and a low-calcium system by controlling the mixture ratio of the raw materials, and the gel material with excellent compressive strength and environmental performance is obtained. In addition, the solid waste based gel material can reach higher strength when no cement is added, meets the strength requirement of ordinary portland cement, and can be applied instead of the ordinary portland cement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing solid waste-based gel materials by using the same.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the blower powder spraying apparatus.
In the figure, 1-first reservoir, 2-first shooting pot, 3-second reservoir, 4-second shooting pot, 5-spray gun, 501-first inlet, 502-second inlet, 503-spout, 504-mixing chamber.
Detailed Description
The fly ash from the incineration of garbage used in the following examples and comparative examples is from a household garbage incineration power plant, the first ash of a sintering machine is from a sintering machine of a steel plant, and the blast furnace gas ash is from a combustion product of a blast furnace, and then is collected by a bag-type dust collector; the cement is ordinary portland cement with the brand number of P.I 42.5.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing a solid waste based gel material using the waste incineration fly ash includes the following steps:
(1) adopting a melting furnace, adding auxiliary fuel sintering ore and coke at the top of the melting furnace, and spraying the waste incineration fly ash into a hearth area at the lower part of the melting furnace by using oxygen-enriched air; the mass ratio of the sintered ore to the coke is 1: 1;
(2) burning the waste incineration fly ash at the high temperature of 1500 ℃ to completely oxidize and decompose dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash into H2O、CO2And HCl, which reacts with adjacent metals or minerals to form chloride salts to prevent acid corrosion;
(3) recovering discharged slag from a slag discharge port of the melting furnace, and sequentially performing water quenching and grinding to obtain slag micro powder with the particle size of not more than 200 mu m;
(4) mixing the slag micro powder with the red mud, the fly ash and the desulfurized gypsum, and stirring and uniformly mixing for 50s to obtain a mixture; the raw materials comprise 30 parts of slag micro powder, 10 parts of red mud, 5 parts of fly ash and 3 parts of desulfurized gypsum by mass; SiO in the fly ash2Not less than 40% of Al2O3The content is not less than 20 percent; na in red mud2The content of O is not less than 10 percent;
(5) adding 200 parts of water into the mixture, stirring for 30s, adding 300 parts of standard sand, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry;
(6) and injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, and carrying out primary curing, demolding and curing again to obtain the solid waste base gel material.
Comparative example 1
The method for treating the fly ash from waste incineration and preparing the solid waste based gel material using the same in this comparative example is the same as in example 1 except that:
(1) spraying the waste incineration fly ash into a furnace hearth area by using oxygen-enriched air by using a common blast furnace; but the blast furnace has large volume and high maintenance cost, the economic cost caused by influencing smooth operation is large, the temperature of the top of the blast furnace is low, dioxin is easy to regenerate, and the content of potassium and zinc is high, so that the ring forming risk is increased;
(2) burning the waste incineration fly ash at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ to completely oxidize and decompose dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash;
(3) recovering discharged slag, and sequentially performing water quenching and grinding to obtain slag micro powder with the particle size not greater than 200 mu m;
steps (4) to (6) are the same as (4) to (6) of example 1.
Example 2
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1, except that: the step (1) is also preceded by a granulation process of waste incineration fly ash, a binder and metallurgical dust and sludge to obtain raw material particles with uniform components and sizes;
the granulation process specifically comprises the following steps: (i) uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and sintering machine head ash according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2; (ii) adding bentonite as a binder, and performing cold solidification molding by using a disc type granulator to prepare raw material particles with uniform components and particle sizes, wherein the binder accounts for 3% of the mass sum of the waste incineration fly ash and the sintering machine head ash;
the diameter of the raw material particles is not more than 200 mu m, and the proportion of the particles with the particle diameter within the range of 50-150 mu m is more than 80 percent; the diameter of a disc of the disc type granulator is 80cm, the inclination angle of the disc is 45 degrees, the rotating speed is 15r/min, 7 percent of tap water is sprayed, and granulation is carried out for 25 min.
The following procedure was the same as in example 1 except that the above raw material particles were used instead of the refuse incineration fly ash.
Example 3
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 2, and the differences are that: the auxiliary fuel comprises metal solid waste hot briquettes, sinter and coke, the mass ratio of the metal solid waste hot briquettes to the sinter to the coke is 1:1:1, and the preparation method of the hot briquettes comprises the following steps:
(a) uniformly mixing blast furnace cloth bag ash and converter fly ash according to a mass ratio of 1: 1;
(b) adding binder starch to prepare particles with uniform components and particle sizes, and performing cold setting molding, wherein the binder accounts for 3% of the mass sum of the blast furnace cloth bag ash and the converter fly ash;
(c) and (c) adding the particles obtained in the step (b) into a pretreatment furnace for heating at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain the hot briquettes.
And the pig iron generated by the combustion of the auxiliary fuel and the raw material particles is discharged from an iron outlet at the bottom of the melting furnace, the generated slag (high-activity silicate slag) is discharged from a slag discharge outlet at the bottom of the melting furnace, and the generated rare and precious metal alloy is discharged from a discharge outlet at the bottom of the melting furnace and is transported to a rare and precious metal purification workshop for carrying out the separation and purification of various valuable metals.
Example 4
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 3, except that:
referring to fig. 2, the blast powder spraying apparatus of the melting furnace comprises a first injection assembly comprising a first storage tank 1 and two first injection tanks 2 connected to each other for injecting waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles, a second injection assembly and a spray gun 5; the second injection assembly comprises a second storage tank 3 and two second injection tanks 4 connected with each other for injecting pulverized coal; the spray gun 5 comprises a first inlet 501, a second inlet 502, a mixing cavity 504 and a nozzle 503, wherein the first inlet 501 and the second inlet 502 which are connected in parallel are arranged at one end of the mixing cavity 504, and the nozzle 503 is arranged at the other end of the mixing cavity; the outlet of the first injection tank 2 is connected with a first inlet 501, the outlet of the second injection tank 4 is connected with a second inlet 502, and the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles and the coal dust are respectively injected into the spray gun 5 to be fully mixed and then are sprayed out from a nozzle 503.
The waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles are stored in a first storage tank 1, two first injection tanks 2 are used for standby and are connected with the first storage tank 1 in parallel, a valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the first storage tank 1 and the first injection tanks 2 to control the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles to enter any one of the first injection tanks 2, and each first injection tank 2 is provided with a pressure injection device to inject the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles to enter a spray gun 5 by using pressure.
The coal dust is stored in the second storage tank 3, the two second injection tanks 4 are used for standby and are connected with the second storage tank 3 in parallel, valves are arranged on connecting pipelines between the second storage tank 3 and the second injection tanks 4 to control the coal dust to enter any one of the second injection tanks 4, and each second injection tank 4 is provided with a pressure injection device to inject the coal dust into the spray gun 5 by using pressure.
A hot air pipe is arranged on the side surface of the lower part of the melting furnace, is communicated with the interior of the hearth and is used for introducing preheated oxygen-enriched air into the melting furnace; the nozzle 503 of the spray gun converges into the hot blast pipe, and the spray gun 5 simultaneously sprays the raw material particles and the coal powder into the melting furnace by using oxygen-enriched air so as to ensure the temperature of a tuyere convolution area at the joint of the melting furnace and the hot blast pipe.
Example 5
The method for treating waste incineration fly ash and preparing solid waste based gel material by using the same in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 4, except that:
the melting furnace is characterized in that a feeding device is arranged at the top of the melting furnace, a distributing plate is arranged at the bottom of the feeding device, an inclined distributing hopper is connected to the edge of the distributing plate, the distributing hopper is slender, auxiliary fuel is fed into the melting furnace through the feeding device, the auxiliary fuel is dispersed on the distributing plate, and then the auxiliary fuel is fed into the melting furnace through the distributing hopper.
The melting furnace comprises a main flue gas pipe and a branch flue gas pipe, wherein the bottom end of the main flue gas pipe is arranged at the highest point of a reflow zone of auxiliary fuel accumulated in the melting furnace; the flue gas branch pipe is arranged on the side surface of the top of the melting furnace and communicated with the inside of the melting furnace. The bottom of the flue gas main pipe is preferably arranged at the 1/3 height in the melting furnace;
the top that the flue gas was responsible for extends to the lower surface of cloth dish, and the flue gas be responsible for the top with the flue gas divides the pipe intercommunication.
The smoke branch pipe is provided with a negative pressure device which provides negative pressure for the smoke main pipe and the smoke branch pipe and promotes the high-temperature smoke in the melting and separating furnace to be quickly led out.
The tail part of the flue gas branch pipe is connected with a heat exchange device, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recovered and used for heating the auxiliary fuel and the steam boiler.
The inside three honeycomb ducts that are equipped with of flue gas person in charge, the honeycomb duct is all established the cloth below, the one end of honeycomb duct is horn mouth shape, and the other end is the cylinder, and the diameter of horn mouth is greater than the drum diameter. 3 honeycomb ducts are arranged in a line and fixed on the same horizontal rotary rod, and the oven is worn out to the one end of rotary rod, wears out the one end of oven through the rotation, controls the orientation of honeycomb duct.
When the rising flow velocity of high-temperature flue gas generated at the lower part of the melting furnace is high, the bell mouth of the flow guide pipe is upward, the airflow is suspended, more auxiliary fuel is prevented from being carried along due to the high flow velocity of the airflow, the auxiliary fuel is brought into a subsequent link, the difficulty of subsequent separation of potassium and sodium is increased, and meanwhile, the airflow passing through the bell mouth is uniformly distributed, so that the materials on the material distribution plate can be uniformly heated; when the high-temperature flue gas upwelling velocity that divides the stove lower part to produce is slower, the bell mouth of honeycomb duct is downward, and the air current is collected through the bell mouth and is followed the drum mouth blowout again, improves the air current velocity of flow, increases the contact of flue gas to the cloth dish, guarantees to preheat the effect.
Example 6
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 5, except that: when the slag micro powder is used for preparing the solid waste base gel material, 50 parts of slag micro powder, 30 parts of red mud, 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 225 parts of water and 350 parts of standard sand.
Example 7
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 6, except that:
in the granulation process of the raw material particles, the mass ratio of the waste incineration fly ash to the sintering machine head ash is 1:1.
Example 8
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 6, except that:
in the granulation process of the raw material particles, the mass ratio of the waste incineration fly ash to the sintering machine head ash is 1: 2.
Example 9
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 6, except that:
in the granulating process of the raw material particles, the mass ratio of the waste incineration fly ash to the sintering machine head ash is 1: 4.
Example 10
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 8, except that:
in the granulation process of the raw material particles, the binder is epoxy resin and starch.
Example 11
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 10, except that:
in the granulation process of the raw material particles, the binder accounts for 10% of the mass sum of the waste incineration fly ash and the sintering machine head ash.
Example 12
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 10, except that:
in the granulation process of the raw material particles, the binder accounts for 12% of the mass sum of the waste incineration fly ash and the sintering machine head ash.
Example 13
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 11, except that:
the proportion of the raw material particles and the slag micro powder particles is more than 80 percent when the particle size of the raw material particles and the slag micro powder particles is more than 200 mu m.
Example 14
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 11, except that:
in the preparation method of the thermal agglomeration, the mass ratio of blast furnace cloth bag ash to converter fly ash is 1: 2.
Example 15
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 11, except that:
in the preparation method of the thermal agglomeration, the mass ratio of blast furnace cloth bag ash to converter fly ash is 1: 3.
Example 16
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 14, except that:
the mass ratio of the hot agglomeration and sintered ore of the metal solid waste of the auxiliary fuel to the coke is 1:1.5: 2.
Example 17
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 14, except that:
the mass ratio of the auxiliary fuel metal solid waste hot agglomeration, sintered ore and coke is 1:1.6: 2.1.
Example 18
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 16, except that:
in the preparation method of the thermal agglomeration, the binder accounts for 5 percent of the mass sum of the blast furnace cloth bag ash and the converter fly ash.
Example 19
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 16, except that:
in the preparation method of the thermal agglomeration, the binder accounts for 6 percent of the mass sum of the blast furnace cloth bag ash and the converter fly ash.
Example 20
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 18, except that:
in the preparation method of the hot briquettes, the temperature of the pretreatment furnace is 500 ℃.
Example 21
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 18, except that:
in the preparation method of the hot briquettes, the temperature of the pretreatment furnace is 550 ℃.
Example 22
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 20, except that:
the combustion temperature of the melting furnace was 1800 ℃.
Example 23
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 20, except that: when the slag micro powder is used for preparing the solid waste base gel material, 35 parts of slag micro powder, 15 parts of red mud, 8 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 210 parts of water and 320 parts of standard sand.
Example 24
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 20, except that: when the slag micro powder is used for preparing the solid waste base gel material, 43 parts of slag micro powder, 25 parts of red mud, 12 parts of fly ash, 9 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 217 parts of water and 330 parts of standard sand.
Example 25
The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash in the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 24, except that: when the slag micro powder is used for preparing the solid waste base gel material, 43 parts of slag micro powder, 25 parts of red mud, 12 parts of fly ash, 9 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 15 parts of cement, 217 parts of water and 330 parts of standard sand.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effects of the oxidative decomposition of dioxins and the strength of solid waste-based gel materials
Figure BDA0003162808580000131
Figure BDA0003162808580000141
Firstly, detecting toxicity equivalent of dioxins in the slag of the melting furnace.
From the above table, the method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the same can better oxidize and decompose dioxin-like persistent organic pollutants in the waste incineration fly ash, and the effect can reach the European Union EoW standard. Meanwhile, silicate valuable substances in the waste incineration fly ash and the auxiliary fuel are recovered, and the waste incineration fly ash and the silicate valuable substances are subjected to water quenching and grinding to be mixed with solid waste to prepare the solid waste based gel material. The invention not only has obvious environmental protection and economic benefits, but also can realize industrialized large-scale application, and has industrial popularization value aiming at the problem of harmless treatment of hazardous waste-waste incineration fly ash which needs to be solved urgently.

Claims (9)

1. The method for treating the waste incineration fly ash and preparing the solid waste based gel material by using the waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s100: a melting furnace is adopted, auxiliary fuel is added to the top of the melting furnace, and the waste incineration fly ash is combusted at the high temperature of more than 1500 ℃ so that dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash is thoroughly oxidized and decomposed;
s200: recovering slag discharged by the melting furnace, and sequentially carrying out water quenching and grinding to obtain slag micro powder;
s300: mixing the slag micro powder with solid waste and water to obtain the solid waste base gel material;
before the step S100, the method also comprises a granulating procedure of the waste incineration fly ash, the adhesive and the metallurgical dust and mud to obtain raw material particles with uniform components and sizes,
the granulation process specifically comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the metallurgical dust and mud according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-4); (2) adding a binder to prepare raw material particles with uniform components and particle sizes, wherein the binder accounts for 3-10% of the mass sum of the waste incineration fly ash and the metallurgical dust and mud;
in the step (2), the particle size of the raw material particles is not more than 200 μm, and the proportion of particles with the particle size within the range of 50-150 μm is more than 80%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step S100 comprises the following steps:
(3) spraying the raw material particles prepared in the step (2) into a hearth area at the lower part of the melting furnace by using oxygen-enriched air;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) targeted feeding of auxiliary fuel at the top of a melting furnace;
(5) the dioxin in the waste incineration fly ash is oxidized and decomposed into H under the condition of high temperature and oxygen enrichment2O、CO2And HCl, which reacts with adjacent metals or minerals to form chloride salts to prevent acid corrosion;
(6) and discharging slag generated after the raw material particles and the auxiliary fuel are combusted from a slag discharge port of the melting furnace.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary fuel of step (4) comprises solid metal waste hot briquettes, sintered ore and coke, and the hot briquettes are prepared by the following steps:
(a) uniformly mixing blast furnace cloth bag ash and converter fly ash according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-2);
(b) adding the binder, preparing into particles with uniform components and particle sizes, and performing cold setting molding, wherein the binder accounts for 3-5% of the sum of the mass of the blast furnace cloth bag ash and the mass of the converter fly ash;
(c) and (c) adding the particles obtained in the step (b) into a pretreatment furnace for heating at the temperature of 400-500 ℃ to obtain the thermal agglomeration.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the blast powder injection device of the melting furnace comprises a first injection assembly, a second injection assembly and a spray gun, the first injection assembly comprising a first storage tank and two first injection tanks connected to each other for injecting waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles; the second injection assembly comprises a second storage tank and two second injection tanks which are connected with each other and are used for injecting pulverized coal;
the spray gun comprises a first inlet, a second inlet, a mixing cavity and a nozzle, wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are connected in parallel at one end of the mixing cavity, and the nozzle is arranged at the other end of the mixing cavity; the outlet of the first injection tank is connected with the first inlet, the outlet of the second injection tank is connected with the second inlet, and the waste incineration fly ash or the raw material particles and the coal dust are respectively injected into the spray gun to be fully mixed and then are sprayed out from the nozzle.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the melting furnace is provided with a feeding device at the top, a distributing tray is arranged at the bottom, an inclined distributing hopper is connected to the edge of the distributing tray, the auxiliary fuel is fed into the melting furnace through the feeding device, the auxiliary fuel is dispersed on the distributing tray and fed into the melting furnace through the distributing hopper;
the melting furnace comprises a main flue gas pipe and a branch flue gas pipe, wherein the bottom end of the main flue gas pipe is arranged at the 1/3-1/2 height position in the melting furnace; the flue gas branch pipe is arranged on the side surface of the top of the melting furnace and communicated with the inside of the melting furnace;
the top that the flue gas was responsible for extends to the lower surface of cloth dish, and the flue gas be responsible for the top with the flue gas divides the pipe intercommunication.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein step S100 further comprises: (7) and the pig iron generated by the combustion of the auxiliary fuel and the raw material particles is discharged from an iron outlet at the bottom of the melting furnace, the generated high-activity silicate slag is discharged from a slag discharge port at the bottom of the melting furnace, and the generated rare and precious metal alloy is discharged from a discharge port at the bottom of the melting furnace and is transported to a rare and precious metal purification workshop for separation and purification of various valuable metals.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein step S300 is specifically:
(8) blending the slag micro powder and the solid waste, and uniformly stirring for 50-70s to obtain a mixture;
(9) adding water into the mixture, stirring for 30-40s, adding standard sand, and uniformly mixing to obtain slurry;
(10) and injecting the slurry into a mold for molding, and carrying out primary curing, demolding and curing again to obtain the solid waste base gel material.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (8), the solid waste is selected from one or a combination of more than two of red mud, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum;
and (8) adding cement, and mixing with the slag micro powder and the solid waste.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the mass fractions of the raw materials of the solid waste based gel material are as follows: 10-30 parts of cement, 30-50 parts of slag micro powder, 10-30 parts of red mud, 5-15 parts of fly ash, 3-10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 350 parts of standard sand and 225 parts of water 200;
CaO and (SiO) in the solid waste based gel material2+Al2O3) The weight ratio of (A) to (B) is recorded as Ca/Si, and the Ca/Si of the solid waste gel material is 0.7-1.5。
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