CN214115666U - Smelting system - Google Patents
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- CN214115666U CN214115666U CN202023182960.4U CN202023182960U CN214115666U CN 214115666 U CN214115666 U CN 214115666U CN 202023182960 U CN202023182960 U CN 202023182960U CN 214115666 U CN214115666 U CN 214115666U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a smelting system, which comprises a smelting furnace and an electric heating fore bed, wherein the smelting furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, and the electric heating fore bed is provided with a slag tap and a siphon tap which are distributed up and down; the slag discharge port is communicated with a three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the electric heating forehearth, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with a water quenching pool; the slag tap is communicated with the water quenching tank. The utility model relates to a smelting system is strong to the suitability of raw materials, and the feature of environmental protection is better.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of smelting equipment, a smelting system is related to.
Background
The current main disposal modes of the household garbage include three types: (1) solidifying and burying cement; (2) chemical agent stabilization techniques; (3) and (4) a heat treatment technology. However, the heat treatment process of the domestic garbage gradually becomes the mainstream due to the problems of the continuous increase of the amount of the garbage, the increasing shortage of land resources, the ineffective recovery of valuable components in the domestic garbage and the like. However, a large amount of secondary pollutants, such as tail gas and fly ash, are also generated during the incineration of garbage. According to data, the generation amount of the fly ash accounts for about 3-5% of the amount of the incineration waste, the amount of the incineration fly ash generated every year reaches a non-negligible scale due to the large number of waste incineration bases, and dioxin, higher Cl and other heavy metal components contained in the fly ash also become main obstacles for the effective treatment of the fly ash.
At present, the sludge is mainly treated by adopting a stockpiling mode, occupies a large amount of land resources, and if the sludge is not treated properly, heavy metal components in the sludge enter soil to cause immeasurable damage to the surrounding ecological environment.
The applicant has previously developed an electric heating front bed side-blown converter (CN201921168485. X) which is provided with an electric heating front bed communicated with an inner cavity of a hearth, can facilitate slag-liquid separation and realize comprehensive recovery of low-grade copper-nickel-containing hazardous waste. However, for the treatment of some high-chlorine materials, such as materials containing 18wt% of chlorine and 3.4wt% of copper, molten metal is difficult to form during the smelting reaction, molten slag does not need to be separated from the molten metal, the existence of an electric heating front bed can cause the path of the molten slag flowing into the next stage treatment unit to be increased, and more energy is consumed in order to keep the molten slag in a molten state. Therefore, the electric heating front bed side-blown converter is not high enough in universality on materials, and further space for improvement is provided.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a smelting system to the not enough of prior art to be applicable to the processing of different grade materials.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme does:
a smelting system comprises a smelting furnace and an electric heating forehearth, wherein the smelting furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, the electric heating forehearth is provided with a slag discharge port and a siphon port which are distributed up and down, and the slag discharge port is communicated with the electric heating forehearth; the slag discharge port is also communicated with a water quenching tank; the slag tap is communicated with the water quenching tank.
Therefore, the molten slag can be discharged to an electric heating fore-bed or a water quenching tank according to requirements, the molten slag of a metal phase needing to be settled and separated and the molten slag of the metal phase not needing to be settled and separated are subjected to differential treatment, and the universality of the system on raw materials is improved.
Furthermore, the slag discharge port is communicated with a three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the electric heating forehearth, and the other outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with a water quenching pool. Thus, the flow direction of the molten slag can be controlled by the three-way valve, the molten slag is discharged to an electric heating front bed or a water quenching tank, and when the smelted material is a high-chlorine material, the molten slag can be directly discharged into the water quenching tank and water quenched to generate glass body tailings; when the smelted material is low-chlorine material, the molten slag can be discharged into the electrothermal fore-bed to make the metal phase and slag phase layered in the electrothermal fore-bed, after the slag-liquid separation, the slag phase is discharged into the water quenching pool for water quenching treatment. Therefore, the utility model discloses a smelting system's application scope to the material is wide, applicable in the smelting of the material of different copper, chlorine content handles, and the suitability of the equipment of promotion is to the raw materials.
Further, the three-way valve is communicated with the electric heating fore-bed through a first chute.
Further, the three-way valve is communicated with the water quenching tank through a second chute.
Further, the slag tap is communicated with the water quenching tank through a third chute.
As another proposal of the utility model, a first valve is arranged between the slag discharge port and the electric heating fore bed; and a second valve is arranged between the slag discharging port and the water quenching tank. The flow direction of the molten slag is controlled through the selective opening and closing of the first valve and the second valve, so that the molten slag of different materials is treated.
Further, the smelting furnace is a side-blown furnace.
Further, the smelting furnace comprises a furnace base, a furnace hearth and a furnace top from bottom to top in sequence, and the slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom side of the furnace hearth.
In order to facilitate direct slag discharge after smelting or better layering of a slag phase and a liquid phase from the inner flow of a hearth to an electric heating forehearth, a chute between the hearth and the electric heating forehearth is at an inclined angle of 10-25 degrees, and a third chute is at an inclined angle of 15-30 degrees. More preferably, the angle of inclination is between 15 ° and 20 ° relative to the horizontal, to ensure a certain flow rate, but not too fast.
Optionally, the smelting furnace is connected with the electric heating forehearth and the water quenching tank through a bifurcated chute. The furnace hearth is 1-3 m higher than the bottom of the electric heating front bed, and the distance between the furnace hearth and the electric heating front bed is 3-5 m. When the mixed material is a high-chlorine material, after the mixed material is melted at high temperature, metal enters flue gas, and molten slag is directly discharged to a water quenching tank through a third chute to be cooled to generate vitreous body tailings. When the mixed material is a low-chlorine material, the molten material enters the electric heating forehearth through the main chute to be deposited and layered, and the electric heating forehearth has larger volume, so that more molten material is ensured to be placed, more metal liquid phase is easier to accumulate, and the slag phase and the liquid phase are obviously layered, thereby achieving the purpose of slag-liquid separation.
The section area of the bottom of the electric heating fore-bed can be selected according to the material processing amount, and is generally 10-20 m2A volume of 30 to 50m3。
Optionally, the inner wall of the furnace top is provided with an insulating layer.
Optionally, the furnace roof is made of a heat insulating material.
The furnace top is made of heat-insulating materials or the inner wall of the furnace top is provided with the heat-insulating layer, so that the temperature of flue gas generated after smelting of hazardous waste materials containing copper and nickel can reach more than 850 ℃ in the inner cavity of the furnace top, the inner cavity of the furnace top forms a place for decomposing dioxin, the full decomposition of the flue gas is ensured, the subsequent flue gas treatment pressure is reduced, and the environmental protection performance of the system is favorably improved.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
(1) the raw material adaptability is strong, the flow direction of the molten slag can be reasonably controlled according to the difference of the copper and chlorine contents of the raw materials, and the high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption treatment of the molten slag is realized.
(2) By improving the heat insulation performance of the furnace top, the dioxin is decomposed in the smelting furnace, and the environmental protection performance of the system is improved.
(3) Can be directly improved on the basis of the existing smelting equipment, and has good popularization and application values.
The utility model discloses a smelting system is particularly useful for the coprocessing of msw incineration flying dust and copper-containing mud, and concrete processing method includes following step:
s1, uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge, and pelletizing to obtain a pellet material;
wherein, in the ball material, the chlorine content is 1-25 wt%, the total content of copper and nickel is 1-10 wt%, and the water content is less than 30 wt%;
s2, mixing the ball material obtained in the S1, a fluxing agent and fuel to obtain a mixture;
wherein in the mixed material, SiO is2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.5-1.5: 1, SiO2The mass ratio of CaO to CaO is 0.5-1.5: 1; adding fuel with 1000-3000 kcal of heat into every 1kg of ball material; the fuel comprises coke; optionally, the coke addition in the fuel is 12-30wt% of the pellets;
s3, carrying out smelting treatment on the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain molten slag and flue gas; optionally, combustible gas such as natural gas can be filled into the smelting furnace as auxiliary fuel when the smelting furnace is used as required;
s4, when the chlorine content in the ball material is 5-25 wt%, the copper content is less than 5wt% and the nickel content is less than 5wt% (marking the ball material as a high-chlorine material), performing water quenching on the molten slag to obtain vitreous body tailings; collecting soot in the flue gas, sequentially carrying out water washing and solid-liquid separation on the soot to obtain supernatant, and adding alkali into the supernatant to obtain a precipitate rich in copper and nickel;
and when the chlorine content in the ball material is less than 5wt%, the copper content is 5-10 wt% and the nickel content is 5-10 wt% (marking the ball material as a low-chlorine material), carrying out dilution treatment on the molten slag to obtain a slag phase and matte, and then carrying out water quenching on the slag phase to obtain vitreous body tailings.
Further, in S1, the mass ratio of the waste incineration fly ash to the copper-containing sludge is 1-8: 1-8.
Further, in S1, in the waste incineration fly ash, the chlorine content is 1-30 wt%, the water content is 1-20 wt%, and the copper and nickel contents are both lower than 1 wt%; in the copper-containing sludge, the content of Cu is 1-10 wt%, the content of Ni is 1-10 wt%, the content of water is 30-70 wt%, and the content of chlorine is less than 1 wt%.
Further, in S2, SiO is contained in the mixture2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.6-1.2: 1, SiO2And the mass ratio of CaO is 0.7-1.0: 1.
Further, in S2, the flux includes one or more of iron ore, steel ash, blast furnace ash, limestone, papermaking white mud, and carbide slag.
Further, in S2, the fuel further includes one or more of carbon, waste activated carbon, sludge, and resin.
Further, in S2, fuel with 1200-2000 kcal of heat is added for every 1kg of pellet material.
Further, in S3, oxygen-enriched air is adopted for combustion supporting during smelting, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-80 vol%, preferably 50-60vol%, and the molar ratio of the introduction amount of the oxygen-enriched air to the addition amount of coke is 0.7-1.3: 1.
further, in S3, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1200-1500 ℃, preferably 1250-1450 ℃.
Further, in S4, depletion is performed in an electrothermal pre-bed.
Furthermore, the flue gas can be discharged after reaching standards after waste heat utilization, semi-dry dechlorination, cloth bag dust removal, wet desulphurization and catalytic denitration.
After the low-chlorine material is smelted, most metals cannot generate chloride to enter flue gas due to the low chlorine content in the mixed material. After the mixture is melted at high temperature, the metal oxide is reduced into simple substance or sulfide, calcium, silicon, iron and the like form low-melting-point silicate, the mixed melt can be transferred to an electric heating forehearth through a chute for sedimentation and delamination, a slag discharge port and a matte port are arranged in the electric heating forehearth, and the delaminated slag phase and the matte are respectively discharged from the ports. The low-chlorine material has low copper content and large slag content compared with the conventional copper-containing material, the smelting area of a common side-blown converter has small volume, the retention time of the material in the furnace chamber is short, an obvious matte layer is difficult to obtain, and the cost is high and the project is complicated when the furnace chamber is arranged too large. In order to solve the problem, the copper matte can be transferred into an electric heating fore-bed for sedimentation, so that the sedimentation time of the copper matte is prolonged, and the amount of the copper matte in the fore-bed is increased to ensure that an obvious copper matte layer is generated, namely the aim of slag matte layering is fulfilled.
The main reactions in the smelting process of the low-chlorine material are as follows:
(1) oxidation-reduction reaction:
2CuO+C=Cu2O+CO
Cu2O+C=2Cu+CO
PbO+C=Pb+CO
NiO+C=Ni+CO
2CO+O2=2CO2
(2) slagging reaction
Fe2O3+CO=2FeO+CO2
Na2O+SiO2=Na2O·SiO2
CaO+SiO2=CaO·SiO2
FeO+SiO2=FeO·SiO2
After the high-chlorine material is smelted, because the chlorine content in the mixture is high and the boiling point of the metal chloride is low, most metal elements of the mixture are converted into chloride after high-temperature melting and are volatilized into smoke gas, so that the chloride is enriched in the smoke dust. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride are generated by sulfur, fluorine and other substances in a reducing atmosphere and enter the flue gas. At the moment, most harmful substances are removed from the slag, and the molten slag can be directly quenched by water and cooled to generate vitreous body tailings.
The main reactions in the smelting process of the high-chlorine material are as follows:
(1) chlorination and volatilization reaction:
CaCl2 + SiO2 + H2O = CaSiO3 + 2HCl(g)
2CaCl2 + 2SiO2 + O2(g) = 2CaSiO3 + 2Cl2(g)
CuO+2HCl(g)=CuCl2(g)+H2O
2CuO+2Cl2(g)=2CuCl2(g)+O2(g)
NiO+2HCl(g)=NiCl2(g)+H2O
2NiO+2Cl2(g)=2NiCl2(g)+O2(g)
Na2O+2HCl (g) =2NaCl(g)+H2O(g)
Na2O+2Cl2(g) =2NaCl(g)+H2O(g)
K2O+2HCl (g) =2KCl(g)+H2O(g)
K2O+2Cl2(g) =2KCl(g)+H2O(g)
2PbO+C=2Pb(g) +CO2(g)
2ZnO+C=2Zn(g) +CO2(g)
(2) slagging reaction
Fe2O3+CO=2FeO+CO2
CaO+SiO2=CaO·SiO2
FeO+SiO2=FeO·SiO2
The flue dust collected in S4 can be actually considered as secondary fly ash, which contains, in addition to metal chlorides, components such as silica, iron oxide, etc. carried along with the gas stream. The secondary fly ash can be used for precipitating impurities insoluble in water by first-step water washing, the precipitates comprise flying dust such as silicon dioxide and ferric oxide and metal components such as Pb and Zn which are reduced and volatilized, the precipitates can be directly sold when the Pb and Zn contents are high, otherwise, the precipitates can be returned for secondary smelting, and the supernatant of the water washing is mainly CuCl2、NiCl2And compounds which are easily soluble in water, such as NaCl, KCl and CaCl. And adding alkali to the washing supernatant for precipitation, wherein hydroxides of metals such as copper, nickel, calcium and the like which are insoluble in water are enriched in the alkali washing slag, and the slag has high content of valuable metals and can be directly sold. And (4) separating salt from the clear liquid after the alkali washing through triple effect evaporation to obtain products such as NaCl, KCl and the like.
The main reactions in this process are as follows:
CuCl2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2+2NaCl
NiCl2 + 2NaOH = Ni (OH)2+2NaCl
CaCl2 + 2NaOH = Ca (OH)2+2NaCl
when the chlorine content in the ball material is high, the molten slag is directly water quenched, and is cooled to generate vitreous tailings, while metal components in the material generate chlorides which are volatilized into flue gas and are enriched in the flue gas, and products such as heavy metal alkali slag, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and the like are obtained through processes such as water washing, alkali precipitation, salt separation and the like. When the chlorine content in the ball material is low, metals such as copper, nickel and the like can not generate chloride to volatilize, the material is diluted after melting, a metal phase and a slag phase are generated through precipitation and stratification, and the slag phase is further quenched and cooled by water to generate vitreous body tailings. The invention successfully solves the problem of difficult disposal of the chlorine-containing fly ash, not only achieves the aim of harmless disposal, but also effectively enriches valuable metals in the fly ash and the copper-containing sludge, and further recycles resources.
The method has the advantages that the garbage incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge are harmlessly and resourcefully treated by matching the characteristics of low water content, high chlorine content, high water content and heavy metal content of the garbage incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge, selecting different smelting processes according to the chlorine content of a mixed material, and performing one-stage smelting or two-stage smelting and dilution, and the method has the remarkable advantages of strong raw material adaptability, high harmlessness degree, high resource recovery efficiency and the like.
By the synergistic treatment method, the waste incineration fly ash is treated without adding a binder for pelletizing, the copper-containing sludge is treated without adding extra drying equipment, and the two materials are treated in a synergistic manner, so that the process flow and the investment cost are greatly reduced. The method can solve the problem that the incineration fly ash is difficult to treat, and can effectively enrich heavy metal elements in the incineration fly ash, so that resources are recycled. The stable state vitreous substance generated by the slag has certain economic value, belongs to an environment-friendly raw material, and can be directly used as roadbed materials, concrete aggregates and the like. The raw material adaptability is strong, a proper process route can be selected according to different raw material sources, the mixture of high-chlorine low-copper nickel can be directly smelted by a single furnace, and the low-chlorine material can enter an electric heating fore-bed for clarification and layering to obtain a product. The waste heat utilization can be effectively carried out, the corrosion of a boiler is prevented, the synthesis of dioxin can be effectively avoided by adopting lime milk spraying of the quench tower, and hydrogen chloride in the dioxin can be removed. By further processing the smoke dust, valuable metal components in the smoke dust can be effectively collected, different chlorine salt products are obtained by triple effect evaporation and fractionation, and environment-friendly production is successfully realized.
The above-mentioned cooperative processing method can be carried out by the following cooperative processing system:
the utility model provides an incineration fly ash and copper-containing sludge's cooperative processing system, is including the first compounding mechanism, granulator, second compounding mechanism and the smelting furnace that communicate in proper order, and the slag discharge mouth of smelting furnace connects has electric heat fore-bed and shrend pond in parallel, the slagging tap and the shrend pond intercommunication of electric heat fore-bed.
Therefore, the copper-containing sludge and the waste incineration fly ash can be mixed through the first mixing mechanism, then granulation is carried out through the granulator, the ball material, the fluxing agent, the fuel and the like are uniformly mixed in the second mixing mechanism, then the mixture is input into the smelting furnace for smelting, and then the molten slag generated by the smelting furnace is discharged into an electric heating front bed for settlement separation or is directly discharged into a water quenching tank for water quenching according to the relative content of copper and chlorine in the ball material.
The system further comprises a flue gas treatment unit, wherein the flue gas treatment unit comprises an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration mechanism, a waste heat boiler, a quench tower and a dust collection mechanism which are sequentially communicated; and a spraying mechanism is arranged on a pipeline between the quenching tower and the dust collecting mechanism.
Flue gas that the smelting furnace produced gets into exhaust-heat boiler and carries out waste heat utilization after SNCR denitration (can urea solution medium), and is optional, and exhaust-heat boiler's whole diaphragm type wall carries out build-up welding nickel alloy and handles to effectual boiler corrosion prevention. Flue gas after waste heat utilization gets into quench tower dechlorination and rapid cooling avoids dioxin synthesis interval, adopts lime milk to spray in the quench tower, and the purpose lies in that chlorine content is too high in this flue gas, singly leans on wet process dechlorination, and dechlorination effect is difficult to up to standard. The pipeline between the outlet of the quenching tower and the dust collecting mechanism is provided with the injection mechanism which can inject active carbon and slaked lime, absorb dioxin which is possibly synthesized and remove hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide which are not completely removed in the front-stage working procedure. The treated flue gas is discharged after reaching standards through dust collection, wet desulphurization and catalytic denitration.
Further, the flue gas treatment unit also comprises a water washing mechanism, an alkali washing mechanism and a triple-effect evaporator which are sequentially communicated, wherein the water washing mechanism is communicated with a discharge hole of the dust collecting mechanism.
Further, the flue gas treatment unit further comprises a wet deacidification mechanism, a flue gas-flue gas heat exchanger (GGH equipment), a steam-flue gas heat exchanger (SGH equipment), a hot blast stove and an SCR denitration mechanism which are sequentially communicated, wherein a gas inlet of the wet deacidification mechanism is communicated with a gas outlet of the dust collection mechanism; the flue gas-flue gas reheater is provided with a first flue gas inlet, a first flue gas outlet, a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet which are mutually communicated, the wet deacidification mechanism is communicated with the first flue gas inlet, the first flue gas outlet is communicated with the steam-flue gas heat exchanger, the gas outlet of the SCR denitration mechanism is communicated with the second flue gas inlet, and the second flue gas outlet is communicated with a chimney. The wet deacidification mechanism can deacidify by taking lime milk as a medium.
Further, an induced draft fan is arranged at an air outlet of the dust collecting mechanism.
Further, the dust collecting mechanism is a cloth bag dust collector.
The co-processing system for the incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge can realize simultaneous processing of the incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge, and enrich valuable metals in the incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge, so that resources are recycled. The applicability to raw materials is strong, the proper material flow direction can be selected according to the difference of the source quantity of the raw materials, high-chlorine materials can be directly smelted by a single furnace, and low-chlorine materials can enter an electric heating forehearth for clarification and layering to obtain products. By further processing the smoke dust, valuable metal components in the smoke dust can be effectively collected, different chlorine salt products are obtained by triple effect evaporation and fractionation, and environment-friendly production is successfully realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a smelting system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a smelting system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the co-processing system of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-smelting furnace, 2-second chute, 3-first chute, 4-electric heating fore bed, 5-third chute, 6-slag tap, 7-siphon tap, 8-copper mold, 9-secondary tuyere, 10-primary tuyere, 11-hearth, 12-hearth, 13-furnace top, 14-electrode, 15-slag tap, 16-three-way valve, 17-water quenching tank, 18-first mixing mechanism, 19-granulator, 20-second mixing mechanism, 21-water treatment station, 22-alkaline washing system, 23-triple effect evaporator, 24-SNCR denitration mechanism, 25-waste heat boiler, 26-quench tower, 27-jet system, 28-dust collection mechanism, 29-induced draft fan, 30-wet deacidification mechanism, 31-a flue gas-flue gas reheater, 32-a steam-flue gas heat exchanger, 33-a hot blast stove, 34-an SCR denitration mechanism, 35-a chimney and 36-a water washing mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a smelting system comprises a smelting furnace 1 and an electric heating fore-bed 4, wherein the smelting furnace 1 is provided with a slag discharge port 15, the electric heating fore-bed 4 is provided with a slag tap 6 and a siphon tap 7 which are distributed up and down, the slag discharge port 15 is communicated with the electric heating fore-bed 4, and the slag discharge port 15 is also communicated with a water quenching tank 17; the slag tap 6 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17. The slag discharge port 15 is communicated with a three-way valve 16, one outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with the electric heating fore-bed 4, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with a water quenching pool 17. The three-way valve 16 is communicated with the electric heating fore bed 4 through the first chute 3. The three-way valve 16 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17 through a second chute 2. And the slag tap 6 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17 through a third chute 5. Alternatively, a first valve is arranged between the slag discharging port 15 and the electric heating fore-bed 4; and a second valve is arranged between the slag discharging port 15 and the water quenching tank 17.
The smelting furnace is a side-blown furnace. The smelting furnace comprises a hearth 12, a hearth 11 and a furnace top 13 from bottom to top in sequence, and the slag discharge port 15 is arranged at the bottom side of the hearth 11. And the inner wall of the furnace top 13 is provided with a heat-insulating layer.
During operation, according to the content of copper and chlorine in the treated materials, the molten slag generated by smelting in the smelting furnace is directly discharged into a water quenching tank or into an electric heating fore-hearth, and the materials with different copper and chlorine contents can be treated by a set of smelting system.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-3, a system for co-processing incineration fly ash and copper-containing sludge comprises a first mixing mechanism 18, a granulator 19, a second mixing mechanism 20 and a smelting furnace 1 which are sequentially communicated, wherein a slag discharge port 15 of the smelting furnace 1 is connected with an electric heating forehearth 4 and a water quenching tank 17 in parallel, and a slag discharge port of the electric heating forehearth 4 is communicated with the water quenching tank 17. The device also comprises a flue gas treatment unit, wherein the flue gas treatment unit comprises an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration mechanism 24, a waste heat boiler 25, a quench tower 26 and a dust collection mechanism 28 which are sequentially communicated; and a spraying mechanism 27 is arranged on a pipeline between the quenching tower 26 and the dust collecting mechanism 28.
The flue gas treatment unit also comprises a water washing mechanism 36, an alkaline washing mechanism 22 and a triple-effect evaporator 23 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the water washing mechanism 36 is communicated with a discharge hole of the dust collecting mechanism 28. The flue gas treatment unit further comprises a wet deacidification mechanism 30, a flue gas-flue gas reheater 31, a steam-flue gas heat exchanger 32, a hot blast stove 33 and an SCR denitration mechanism 34 which are sequentially communicated, wherein a gas inlet of the wet deacidification mechanism 30 is communicated with a gas outlet of the dust collection mechanism 28; the flue gas-flue gas reheater 31 is provided with a first flue gas inlet, a first flue gas outlet, a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet which are communicated with each other, the wet deacidification mechanism 30 is communicated with the first flue gas inlet, the first flue gas outlet is communicated with the steam-flue gas heat exchanger 32, the gas outlet of the SCR denitration mechanism 34 is communicated with the second flue gas inlet, and the second flue gas outlet is communicated with a chimney 35. The wet deacidification mechanism 30 is a two-stage wet deacidification mechanism, the produced gypsum can be sold, and the produced deacidification wastewater can be recycled or discharged after being treated by the water treatment station 21 to reach the standard.
And an induced draft fan 29 is arranged at an air outlet of the dust collecting mechanism 28. The dust collecting mechanism 28 is a cloth bag dust collector.
The smelting furnace comprises a hearth 12, a hearth 11 and a furnace top 13 from bottom to top in sequence, and the slag discharge port 15 is arranged at the bottom side of the hearth 11. The slag discharge port is communicated with a three-way valve 16, one outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with the electric heating fore-bed 4, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17. An insulating layer 1301 is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace top 13; alternatively, the furnace ceiling 13 is made of a heat insulating material. An electrode 14 for heating molten slag is arranged on the electric heating forebed 4, a slag tap 6 and a siphon tap 7 which are distributed up and down are arranged on the electric heating forebed 4, and the siphon tap is used for discharging copper matte to the copper mold 8; the slag discharge port 15 is communicated with a three-way valve 16, one outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with the electric heating fore-bed 4, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 16 is communicated with a water quenching pool 17; the slag tap 6 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17. The three-way valve 16 is communicated with the electric heating fore bed 4 through the first chute 3. The three-way valve 16 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17 through a second chute 2. And the slag tap 6 is communicated with a water quenching tank 17 through a third chute 5. Optionally, 2 valves may be used to replace the three- way valve 16, and 1 valve is disposed on the first chute, and the other 1 valve is disposed on the second chute, which may also play a role in controlling the flow direction of the molten slag; preferably, the valve is located as close as possible to the inlet end of the chute. The smelting furnace is a side-blown furnace. The smelting furnace is provided with a primary air port 10 and a secondary air port 9 which are communicated with the furnace hearth, and the primary air port 10 is positioned below the secondary air port 9.
Application example 1
The method for the cooperative treatment of the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge of the application example is carried out by using the cooperative treatment system of the embodiment 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge according to the mass ratio of 5:1, and pelletizing to obtain a pellet material (a high-chlorine low-copper-nickel mixed material);
wherein, the waste incineration fly ash contains 18wt% of chlorine and 3wt% of water, and the contents of copper and nickel are lower than 1 wt%; the copper-containing sludge contains 3.4wt% of copper, 1.2wt% of nickel and 60wt% of water, and the content of chlorine is less than 1 wt%;
s2, mixing the ball material obtained in the S1, a fluxing agent and fuel to obtain a mixture;
wherein in the mixed material, SiO is2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.7: 1, SiO2The mass ratio of CaO is 0.9: 1; adding fuel with 1600kcal of heat into every 1kg of ball material; the fuel comprises coke; optionally, the addition amount of coke in the fuel is 21wt% of the pellets;
s3, carrying out smelting treatment on the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain molten slag and flue gas;
during the period, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1450 ℃; during smelting, oxygen-enriched air is used for supporting combustion, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-80 vol%, and the molar ratio of the introduction amount of the oxygen-enriched air to the addition amount of coke is 0.9.
S4, performing water quenching on the molten slag to obtain vitreous body tailings; collecting soot in the flue gas, sequentially washing the soot and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain supernatant, adding alkali into the supernatant, reacting, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain residual solution and precipitate rich in copper and nickel; and (5) performing effective evaporation on the residual solution to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
In S2, the fluxing agent comprises one or more of iron ore, steel ash, blast furnace ash, limestone, quartz stone, papermaking white mud and carbide slag. Selecting different fluxing agents according to the content of calcium, silicon and iron in the material components, wherein the fluxing agents are preferably iron ore, limestone and quartz stone, the content of iron in the iron ore is more than 50wt%, and SiO in the quartz stone2The content is more than 85wt%, and the CaO content in the limestone is more than 45 wt%.
In S2, the fuel includes one or more of carbon, waste activated carbon, oil sludge, and resin, preferably carbon and waste activated carbon.
In the application example, the recovery rates of Cu, Ni, Na, K, Cl, Pb and Zn are respectively 90%, 85%, 94%, 96%, 99%, 90% and 93%. Discharging the molten slag into a water quenching slag pool, and cooling to form glass body tailings, wherein the content of the glass body is 92 wt%. The flue gas is discharged through a tail gas treatment system after reaching the standard.
Application example 2
The method for the cooperative treatment of the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge of the application example is carried out by using the cooperative treatment system of the embodiment 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and pelletizing to obtain a pellet material (a high-chlorine low-copper-nickel mixed material);
wherein, the waste incineration fly ash contains 21wt% of chlorine and 2wt% of water, and the contents of copper and nickel are lower than 1 wt%; the copper-containing sludge contains 2.7wt% of copper, 0.6wt% of nickel and 50wt% of water, and the content of chlorine is less than 1 wt%;
s2, mixing the ball material obtained in the S1, a fluxing agent and fuel to obtain a mixture;
wherein in the mixed material, SiO is2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.75: 1, SiO2The mass ratio of CaO is 0.85: 1; adding fuel with 1200kcal of heat into every 1kg of ball material; the fuel comprises coke; optionally, the addition amount of coke in the fuel is 21wt% of the pellets;
s3, carrying out smelting treatment on the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain molten slag and flue gas;
during the period, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1300 ℃; during smelting, oxygen-enriched air is used for supporting combustion, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-80 vol%, and the molar ratio of the introduction amount of the oxygen-enriched air to the addition amount of coke is 1.1.
S4, performing water quenching on the molten slag to obtain vitreous body tailings; collecting soot in the flue gas, sequentially washing the soot and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain supernatant, adding alkali into the supernatant, reacting, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain residual solution and precipitate rich in copper and nickel; and (5) performing effective evaporation on the residual solution to obtain sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
S2, the fluxing agent is composed of iron ore, limestone and quartz stone, wherein the iron content in the iron ore is more than 50wt%, and SiO in the quartz stone2The content is more than 85wt%, and the CaO content in the limestone is more than 45 wt%.
In S2, the fuel further includes one or more of carbon, waste activated carbon, oil sludge, and resin, preferably carbon and waste activated carbon.
In this example, the recovery rates of Cu, Ni, Na, K, Cl, Pb, and Zn were 91%, 87%, 96%, 98%, 99%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. Discharging the molten slag into a water quenching slag pool, and cooling to form glass body tailings, wherein the content of the glass body is 91 wt%. The flue gas is discharged through a tail gas treatment system after reaching the standard.
Application example 3
The method for the cooperative treatment of the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge of the application example is carried out by using the cooperative treatment system of the embodiment 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge according to the mass ratio of 2:5, and pelletizing to obtain a pellet material (low-chlorine mixed material);
wherein, the waste incineration fly ash contains 6wt% of chlorine and 2wt% of water, and the contents of copper and nickel are lower than 1 wt%; the copper-containing sludge contains 4.1wt% of copper, 1.3wt% of nickel and 30wt% of water, and the content of chlorine is less than 1 wt%;
s2, mixing the ball material obtained in the S1, a fluxing agent and fuel to obtain a mixture;
wherein in the mixed material, SiO is2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.8: 1, SiO2The mass ratio of CaO is 1: 1; adding fuel with 1400kcal of heat into every 1kg of ball material; the fuel comprises coke; optionally, the addition amount of coke in the fuel is 21wt% of the pellets;
s3, carrying out smelting treatment on the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain molten slag and flue gas;
during the period, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1400 ℃; during smelting, oxygen-enriched air is used for supporting combustion, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-80 vol%, and the molar ratio of the introduction amount of the oxygen-enriched air to the addition amount of coke is 1.2.
And S4, discharging the molten slag to an electric heating forehearth for settling and layering to obtain a slag phase and copper matte, and then performing water quenching on the slag phase to obtain vitreous body tailings. S2, the fluxing agent is composed of iron ore, limestone and quartz stone, wherein the iron content in the iron ore is more than 50wt%, and SiO in the quartz stone2The content is more than 85wt%, and the CaO content in the limestone is more than 45 wt%.
In S2, the fuel further includes one or more of carbon, waste activated carbon, oil sludge, and resin, preferably carbon and waste activated carbon.
In this example, the recovery rates of Cu, Ni, Cl, Pb and Zn were 94%, 91%, 99%, 84% and 88%, respectively. Discharging the molten slag into a water quenching slag pool, and cooling to form glass body tailings, wherein the content of the glass body is 93 wt%. The flue gas is discharged through a tail gas treatment system after reaching the standard.
Application example 4
The method for the cooperative treatment of the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge of the application example is carried out by using the cooperative treatment system of the embodiment 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash and the copper-containing sludge according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and pelletizing to obtain a pellet material (low-chlorine mixed material);
wherein, the waste incineration fly ash contains 4wt% of chlorine and 5wt% of water, and the contents of copper and nickel are lower than 1 wt%; the copper-containing sludge contains 3.7wt% of copper, 1.4wt% of nickel and 40wt% of water, and the chlorine content is less than 1 wt%;
s2, mixing the ball material obtained in the S1, a fluxing agent and fuel to obtain a mixture;
wherein in the mixed material, SiO is2The mass ratio of Fe is 0.75: 1, SiO2The mass ratio of CaO is 0.85: 1; adding fuel with 1400kcal of heat into every 1kg of ball material; the fuel comprises coke; the addition amount of coke in the fuel is 21wt% of the pellets;
s3, carrying out smelting treatment on the mixture obtained in the step S2 to obtain molten slag and flue gas;
during the period, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 1400 ℃; during smelting, oxygen-enriched air is used for supporting combustion, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched air is 40-80 vol%, and the molar ratio of the introduction amount of the oxygen-enriched air to the addition amount of coke is 0.8.
And S4, discharging the molten slag to an electric heating forehearth for settling and layering to obtain a slag phase and copper matte, and then performing water quenching on the slag phase to obtain vitreous body tailings.
S2, the fluxing agent is composed of iron ore, limestone and quartz stone, wherein the iron content in the iron ore is more than 50wt%, and SiO in the quartz stone2The content is more than 85wt%, and the CaO content in the limestone is more than 45 wt%.
In S2, the fuel further includes one or more of carbon, waste activated carbon, oil sludge, and resin, preferably carbon and waste activated carbon.
In this example, the recovery rates of Cu, Ni, Cl, Pb and Zn were 95%, 92%, 99%, 85% and 90%, respectively. Discharging the molten slag into a water quenching slag pool, and cooling to form glass body tailings, wherein the content of the glass body is 95 wt%. The flue gas is discharged through a tail gas treatment system after reaching the standard.
The above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, and all modifications of the equivalent forms of the present invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A smelting system comprises a smelting furnace (1) and an electric heating forehearth (4), wherein the smelting furnace (1) is provided with a slag discharge port (15), the electric heating forehearth (4) is provided with a slag discharge port (6) and a siphon port (7) which are distributed up and down, and the slag discharge port (15) is communicated with the electric heating forehearth (4); the device is characterized in that the slag discharge port (15) is also communicated with a water quenching pool (17); the slag tap (6) is communicated with a water quenching pool (17).
2. Smelting system according to claim 1, wherein the slag discharge opening (15) is in communication with a three-way valve (16), one outlet of the three-way valve (16) being in communication with the electrically heated forehearth (4), and the other outlet of the three-way valve (16) being in communication with a water quenching bath (17).
3. Smelting system according to claim 2, characterized in that the three-way valve (16) communicates with the electrically heated forehearth (4) through a first chute (3).
4. Smelting system according to claim 2, characterized in that the three-way valve (16) communicates with the water quench tank (17) through a second chute (2).
5. Smelting system according to claim 2, wherein the tap hole (6) communicates with the water quench tank (17) through a third chute (5).
6. Smelting system according to claim 1, wherein a first valve is provided between the slag discharge (15) and the electrothermal forehearth (4); a second valve is arranged between the slag discharging port (15) and the water quenching tank (17).
7. Smelting system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the smelting furnace (1) is a side blown furnace.
8. Smelting system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the smelting furnace (1) comprises, in order from bottom to top, a hearth (12), a hearth (11) and a roof (13), and that the slag discharge (15) is arranged at the bottom side of the hearth (11).
9. Smelting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the inner walls of the roof (13) are provided with insulation.
10. Smelting system according to claim 8, wherein the roof (13) is made of a heat insulating material.
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Denomination of utility model: A smelting system Effective date of registration: 20230420 Granted publication date: 20210903 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Changsha Fenglin Branch Pledgor: HUNAN RUIYI ZIHUAN TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023430000012 |
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Inventor after: Peng Hongkui Inventor after: Zhou Jiajia Inventor after: Gu Jiashun Inventor after: Zhang Lipan Inventor after: Zhang Li Inventor after: Li Chen Inventor after: Liang Chao Inventor after: Han Xu Inventor after: Xie Longchen Inventor after: Luo Jian Inventor after: Long Sen Inventor before: Peng Hongkui Inventor before: Zhou Jiajia Inventor before: Gu Jiashun Inventor before: Zhang Lipan Inventor before: Zhang Li Inventor before: Li Chen Inventor before: Liang Chao Inventor before: Han Xu Inventor before: Xie Longchen Inventor before: Luo Jian Inventor before: Long Sen |
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