JP2007179886A - Fuel cell system for coping with emergency - Google Patents
Fuel cell system for coping with emergency Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007179886A JP2007179886A JP2005377240A JP2005377240A JP2007179886A JP 2007179886 A JP2007179886 A JP 2007179886A JP 2005377240 A JP2005377240 A JP 2005377240A JP 2005377240 A JP2005377240 A JP 2005377240A JP 2007179886 A JP2007179886 A JP 2007179886A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Description
本発明は効率的に電力を供給し、災害時には商用電源系統と解列して自立発電を可能とする非常時対応型燃料電池システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an emergency response type fuel cell system that supplies power efficiently and disconnects from a commercial power supply system in the event of a disaster to enable independent power generation.
近年、水素と酸素から水を生成する反応を利用して電気を発生させる燃料電池は、エネルギー利用効率のよい発電システムとして開発が活発化している。燃料電池システムは、天然ガス、都市ガス、メタノール、LPG、ブタンなどの燃料ガスと水を用いて水素を生成させ、生成した水素をガス中に含まれる一酸化炭素を改質装置により除去してアノードに供給し、カソードに供給した酸素(空気)との反応により水の生成と共にアノード、カソード間に生じる電位差を利用して電力供給を可能とする。このアノード、カソード間に生じる電位差は、通常1V弱程度であるため、所望の電圧レベルが得られるように複数のセルを多段に設けた燃料電池スタックが用いられている。このような燃料電池システムの中でも、固体高分子形燃料電池(PEFC)を用いた燃料電池システムは、固体高分子電解質膜を介してアノードとカソードを設けた固体高分子形燃料電池(PEFC)が、高い出力密度が得られ、取り扱いが容易なことなどから、家庭用として特に注目を集めている。 In recent years, fuel cells that generate electricity using a reaction that generates water from hydrogen and oxygen have been actively developed as power generation systems with high energy utilization efficiency. The fuel cell system generates hydrogen using fuel gas such as natural gas, city gas, methanol, LPG, and butane and water, and removes the generated hydrogen by using a reformer. Power is supplied to the anode by utilizing the potential difference generated between the anode and the cathode along with the generation of water by reaction with oxygen (air) supplied to the cathode. Since the potential difference generated between the anode and the cathode is usually about 1 V, a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of cells are provided in multiple stages so as to obtain a desired voltage level is used. Among such fuel cell systems, a fuel cell system using a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) provided with an anode and a cathode via a polymer electrolyte membrane. It is particularly attracting attention for home use because of its high power density and easy handling.
かかる燃料電池を利用した燃料電池システムとしては、燃料ガスから水素を生成する改質装置、固体高分子型燃料電池(PEFC)、制御装置、交流変換装置、発電時に発生する熱を回収するため水タンクに収納する水を温水とする熱交換器や、この温水を貯留する貯留タンクなどを設けた熱回収装置などを備えたものが知られており、商用電源に連系するか、あるいは可搬型発電システムとして商用電源とは別個に使用されるものが開発されている。商用電源と連系して使用される燃料電池システムでは、起動時に商用電力を用いて、制御装置や補機類の駆動を行なう。ここで、商用電源に連系するとは、商用電源と相互接続することをいい、このようなシステムにおいて、電力消費量(負荷)が燃料電池の発電量より小さくなり、余剰電力が生じると、燃料電池で発電された電力が商用電源に流れ込む逆潮流現象を予防するため、余剰電力を的確に処理できるシステム(特許文献1)も報告されている。しかしながら、商用電源と連系して使用する発電システムにおいては、自然現象などの非常事態が発生し商用電力の供給が停止した場合には、燃料電池システムは起動することができず、発電することは不可能になる。一方、可搬型発電システムとしては、災害時に対応するために水素貯蔵タンクを積んだり、二次電池を設置したシステムが報告されている(特許文献2)。しかしこれらシステムは、都市ガスの供給が停止するような非常時において、発電を行なうバックアップ電源用であり、日常の家庭の電源として使用することは考慮されていない。
本発明は、電力需要サイドにおける要請である電力需要場所に近接し、いわゆるオンサイト化発電、過疎地・離島における発電、小電力発電、高発電変換効率化発電、クリーンエネルギー化発電等、いわゆる分散型発電による電源を商用電源と連系して使用することができ、商用電源と切断されても、自立運転や、自立起動が可能であり、災害時などの短絡事故を回避して、家庭への電力を供給することができ、家庭の消費電力の変動による余剰電力を適切に消費して安全運転ができる災害時対応型燃料電池システムを提供することを課題とする。 The present invention is close to a power demand place that is a demand on the power demand side, so-called on-site power generation, power generation in a depopulated area / remote island, small power generation, high power conversion efficiency power generation, clean energy conversion power generation, etc. The power generated by the type generator can be used in conjunction with the commercial power supply, and even if it is disconnected from the commercial power supply, it can operate independently and start up independently. It is an object of the present invention to provide a disaster response type fuel cell system that can supply a large amount of electric power and that can safely operate by appropriately consuming surplus power due to fluctuations in household power consumption.
本発明者らは、上記課題を達成すべく鋭意研究した結果、家庭用燃料電池システムにおいては、家庭の電力をまかなうために、平常時は、商用電力と接続し、災害時など、商用電力が停止したり、あるいは、短絡していたりする危険があるときは、商用電力と切り離して燃料電池を起動させ、燃料電池にコンセントを設け、家庭へ電力を供給するが、このとき、家庭における消費電力の変動に、即刻対応して発電することは困難なため、家庭における消費電力より過剰の発電を行ない、余剰電力は別途負荷装置で電力を消費することにより、非常時の対応が可能であって、平常時の電力供給においても、商用電源と併用した分散型電力供給を可能にできることの知見を得て、かかる知見に基づき、本発明をするに至った。 As a result of diligent research to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention connected with commercial power in a normal condition in order to cover household power in a household fuel cell system. When there is a danger of stopping or short-circuiting, the fuel cell is started by disconnecting from commercial power, and an outlet is provided in the fuel cell to supply power to the home. It is difficult to generate power in response to the fluctuations of the power supply immediately, so it is possible to cope with emergencies by generating excessive power more than the power consumed at home, and surplus power is consumed separately by the load device. Also, in the normal power supply, the inventors have obtained the knowledge that the distributed power supply combined with the commercial power supply can be made, and have come to the present invention based on such knowledge.
すなわち、本発明は、商用電源系統と連系し家庭へ電力を供給する非常時対応型燃料電池を備えた非常時対応型燃料電池システムであって、商用電源系統と解列したときは自立運転が可能である非常時対応型燃料電池システムに関し、好ましくは、商用電源系統と解列したときは発電装置を用いて起動可能であり、発電装置が、自動車に搭載した発電装置であり、非常時対応型燃料電池が自動車に搭載した発電装置との接続端子を有するものであり、商用電源系統と解列したときは非常時対応型燃料電池に設けたコンセントから家庭へ電力を供給することが可能である。また、本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムは、非常時対応型燃料電池と、該非常時対応型燃料電池と商用電源系統との連系、解列を制御する連系保護装置、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統と解列したときに非常時対応型燃料電池を起動する電力を供給する発電装置、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統と解列したときに非常時対応型燃料電池の発電電力を出力するコンセント、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電に伴う発熱の熱交換用の貯湯槽、および非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力を上回る余剰電力を消費するための負荷装置を備えたことを特徴とする非常時対応型燃料電池システムに関する。 That is, the present invention relates to an emergency-ready fuel cell system including an emergency-ready fuel cell that is connected to a commercial power supply system and supplies power to a home, and operates independently when disconnected from the commercial power supply system. Preferably, the emergency response type fuel cell system can be activated using a power generator when disconnected from the commercial power system, and the power generator is a power generator mounted on an automobile. A compatible fuel cell has a connection terminal to the power generator installed in the vehicle. When disconnected from the commercial power system, power can be supplied to the home from the outlet provided in the emergency compatible fuel cell. It is. Further, an emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention includes an emergency response type fuel cell, a connection protection device that controls connection and disconnection of the emergency response type fuel cell and a commercial power supply system, A power generator that supplies power to start the emergency-response fuel cell when the compatible fuel cell is disconnected from the commercial power system, and an emergency-response model when the emergency-compatible fuel cell is disconnected from the commercial power system The outlet that outputs the power generated by the fuel cell, the hot water storage tank for heat exchange generated by the power generation of the emergency response type fuel cell, and the amount of power generated by the emergency response type fuel cell consumes surplus power that exceeds the power consumption at home. The present invention relates to an emergency response type fuel cell system characterized in that a load device is provided.
本発明は、電力需要サイドにおける要請である電力需要場所に近接し、いわゆるオンサイト化発電、過疎地・離島における発電、小電力発電、高発電変換効率化発電、クリーンエネルギー化発電等、いわゆる分散型発電による電源を商用電源と連系して使用することができ、商用電源と切断されても、自立運転や、自立起動が可能であり、災害時などの短絡事故を回避して、家庭への電力を供給することができ、家庭の消費電力の変動による余剰電力を適切に消費して安全運転ができる。 The present invention is close to a power demand place that is a demand on the power demand side, so-called on-site power generation, power generation in a depopulated area / remote island, small power generation, high power conversion efficiency power generation, clean energy conversion power generation, etc. The power generated by the type generator can be used in conjunction with the commercial power supply, and even if it is disconnected from the commercial power supply, it can operate independently and start up independently. Power can be supplied, and surplus power due to fluctuations in household power consumption can be appropriately consumed for safe driving.
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムは、商用電源系統と連系し家庭へ電力を供給する非常時対応型燃料電池を備えた非常時対応型燃料電池システムであって、商用電源系統と解列したときは自立運転が可能であるものであれば、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、非常時対応型燃料電池と、該非常時対応型燃料電池と商用電源系統との連系、解列を制御する連系保護装置、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統と解列したときに非常時対応型燃料電池を起動する電力を供給する発電装置、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統と解列したときに非常時対応型燃料電池の発電電力を出力するコンセント、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電に伴う発熱の熱交換用の貯湯槽、および非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力を上回る余剰電力を消費するための負荷装置を備えたものとすることができる。 An emergency-ready fuel cell system of the present invention is an emergency-ready fuel cell system including an emergency-ready fuel cell that is connected to a commercial power supply system and supplies power to a home. There are no particular restrictions as long as it is capable of independent operation when queued, for example, an emergency-ready fuel cell, and an interconnection between the emergency-ready fuel cell and a commercial power supply system, Interconnection protection device that controls disconnection, power generation device that supplies power to start the emergency response fuel cell when the emergency response fuel cell is disconnected from the commercial power system, and emergency response fuel cell are commercial An outlet that outputs the power generated by the emergency-response fuel cell when disconnected from the power supply system, a hot water storage tank for exchanging heat generated by the power generation of the emergency-response fuel cell, and power generation by the emergency-response fuel cell The amount exceeds the power consumption at home That surplus power can be made with a load device for consuming.
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに用いられる非常時対応型燃料電池としては、家庭への電力を供給できる発電を行なえるものであれば、いずれのものも使用することができ、例えば、電解質として、水酸化カリウム等を用いるアルカリ形燃料電池(AFC)、電解質としてリン酸を用いるリン酸形燃料電池(PAFC)、電解質として高分子膜を用いる固体高分子形燃料電池(PEFC)、電解質として溶融炭酸塩を用いる溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池(MCFC)、電解質として安定化ジルコニア等の酸素導電性固体酸化物を用いる固体酸化物形燃料電池(SOFC)などを挙げることができる。これらの内、小型であり、取扱いが容易な固体高分子形燃料電池が好ましい。 As the emergency response type fuel cell used in the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention, any one can be used as long as it can generate electric power that can supply power to the home. For example, Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) using potassium hydroxide as electrolyte, phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) using phosphoric acid as electrolyte, solid polymer fuel cell (PEFC) using polymer membrane as electrolyte, electrolyte Examples thereof include a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) using a molten carbonate, and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using an oxygen conductive solid oxide such as stabilized zirconia as an electrolyte. Among these, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that is small and easy to handle is preferable.
かかる固体高分子形燃料電池としては、炭化水素などの炭素含有の燃料ガスと水とを用いて燃料である水素を生成し、反応混合ガスから一酸化炭素を除去して水素を供給する改質装置を備え、セルに配置した固体高分子膜を介して設けられるアノードとカソードに、改質装置で生成された水素と空気とをそれぞれ供給して、水素と空気中の酸素の反応によりアノード、カソード間に生じる電位差を利用するものを挙げることができ、所望の電位差を得るため必要に応じて、セルを多段に設けたものが好ましい。このような固体高分子形燃料電池において水素の生成に用いられる炭素含有の燃料ガスとしては、平常時においては都市ガスを用い、非常時において後述する連系保護装置による商用電源と燃料電池との解列に伴い、可搬型のボンベや定置型のタンクなどに貯蔵される炭素含有燃料ガスに切り替えて使用することも可能であるが、平常時、非常時を問わず、可搬型または定置型貯蔵部に貯蔵される天然ガス、メタノール、LPG、ブタン、ナフサ、灯油などの炭素含有燃料を用いることが、配管を必要としないため好ましい。 Such a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a reforming that generates hydrogen as a fuel using a carbon-containing fuel gas such as hydrocarbon and water, removes carbon monoxide from the reaction mixture gas, and supplies hydrogen. The device is provided with hydrogen and air generated by the reformer, respectively, to the anode and cathode provided through the solid polymer membrane disposed in the cell, and the anode is reacted by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air. An example of using the potential difference generated between the cathodes can be given, and it is preferable to provide cells in multiple stages as required in order to obtain a desired potential difference. As a carbon-containing fuel gas used for hydrogen generation in such a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, city gas is used in normal times, and in an emergency, a commercial power source and a fuel cell are connected by a connection protection device described later. It is possible to switch to a carbon-containing fuel gas stored in a portable cylinder or stationary tank, etc. along with the disconnection, but it is portable or stationary storage regardless of normal or emergency. It is preferable to use a carbon-containing fuel such as natural gas, methanol, LPG, butane, naphtha, kerosene, etc. stored in the section because piping is not required.
また、上記非常時対応型燃料電池には後述する自動車に搭載する発電装置により起動される際に、自動車に搭載する発電装置との接続端子を有するものが好ましい。接続端子はどのような形状であってもよい。 In addition, the emergency type fuel cell preferably has a connection terminal with a power generator mounted on the automobile when activated by a power generator mounted on the automobile described later. The connection terminal may have any shape.
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに用いる連系保護装置は、非常時対応型燃料電池と商用電源系統との連系、解列を制御し、商用電源系統の通常の電力供給時においては、非常時対応型燃料電池を商用電源系統に連系させ、商用電源系統の停止時においては、非常時対応型燃料電池と商用電源系統との連系を解列させるものである。ここで、商用電源系統とは、商用電源をいい、商用電源系統との連系とは、商用電源との接続をいい、連系の解列とは、接続を切断することをいう。連系保護装置には、非常時対応型燃料電池からの直流を交流に変換して家庭へ交流電力を供給する直流/交流変換装置や、また、商用電源系統の交流を直流に変換して燃料電池に供給する交流/直流変換装置が備えられ、通常時、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統に連系しているとき、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統からの電力により起電され、非常時対応型燃料電池により発電された電力は家庭へ供給され、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力に対して不足する場合の不足分は商用電源系統から供給されるようにしてもよい。 The interconnection protection device used in the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention controls the interconnection and disconnection between the emergency response type fuel cell and the commercial power supply system, and at the time of normal power supply of the commercial power supply system. The emergency-response type fuel cell is connected to the commercial power supply system, and when the commercial power supply system is stopped, the connection between the emergency-response type fuel cell and the commercial power supply system is disconnected. Here, the commercial power supply system means a commercial power supply, the interconnection with the commercial power supply system means a connection with the commercial power supply, and the disconnection of the interconnection means a disconnection. The interconnection protection device includes a DC / AC converter that converts the direct current from the emergency-response fuel cell to alternating current and supplies alternating current power to the home, and also converts the AC of the commercial power supply system into direct current and fuel. An AC / DC converter is provided to supply the battery. When the emergency-response fuel cell is connected to the commercial power supply system, the emergency-response fuel cell is powered by the power from the commercial power supply system. The power generated by the emergency response type fuel cell is supplied to the home, and the shortage when the power generation amount of the emergency response type fuel cell is insufficient relative to the power consumption in the home is supplied from the commercial power supply system. You may do it.
また、連系保護装置には、非常時対応型燃料電池からの発電が商用電源系統へ逆潮流するのを防止する逆潮流継電器を設け、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力に対して過剰の場合、商用電源系統への悪影響を防止する構成としてもよい。更に、連系保護装置には、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量と家庭における消費電力量とを比較検出する比較検出装置を設け、商用電源系統と燃料電池システムが連系している状態のとき、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力量より少ない場合は、商用電源系統から不足電力量を供給し、また、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力量より多い場合は、後述する負荷装置に非常時対応型燃料電池からの余剰電力を供給するようにしてもよい。あるいは、商用電源系統と非常時対応型燃料電池システムが連系している状態の場合は、家庭への電力供給は商用電源系統からの電力を主要電源とし、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電は行なわず、または補助的電力供給を行なうようにしてもよい。 In addition, the interconnection protection device is provided with a reverse power relay that prevents the power generation from the emergency-response fuel cell from flowing back to the commercial power supply system, and the power generation amount of the emergency-response fuel cell is the power consumption at home. If the amount is excessive, the adverse effect on the commercial power supply system may be prevented. Further, the interconnection protection device is provided with a comparison detection device for comparing and detecting the power generation amount of the emergency type fuel cell and the power consumption at home, and the commercial power supply system and the fuel cell system are connected. When the amount of power generated by the emergency type fuel cell is less than the amount of power consumed at home, supply the shortage of power from the commercial power system, and the amount of power generated by the emergency type fuel cell is the amount of power consumed at home. In the case where it is larger, surplus power from the emergency response type fuel cell may be supplied to a load device described later. Or, when the commercial power system and the emergency-response fuel cell system are linked, the power supply to the home is the main power from the commercial power system. Alternatively, auxiliary power supply may be performed.
また、本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに使用される起動用の発電装置は、災害時において商用電源系統と解列した非常時対応型燃料電池を含むシステムを起動する電力を供給するものであり、かかる発電装置としては、直流発電機としてダイナモ、交流発電機としてオルタネーターなどの発電機、鉛蓄電池、リチウムイオン電池、リチウム系電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニカド電池、ポリマー電池、酸化銀電池、空気電池、アルカリ電池、マンガン電池などの化学電池や、太陽電池や、原子力電池などの物理電池を挙げることができ、電力を貯蔵する装置として、広くはキャパシターも適用可能である。 The power generation device for start-up used in the emergency-response fuel cell system of the present invention supplies power for starting the system including the emergency-response fuel cell that is disconnected from the commercial power supply system in the event of a disaster. As such a power generator, a dynamo as a DC generator, an alternator generator as an AC generator, a lead storage battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a polymer battery, a silver oxide battery, A chemical battery such as an air battery, an alkaline battery, and a manganese battery, a physical battery such as a solar battery, and a nuclear battery can be given, and a capacitor is widely applicable as a device for storing electric power.
上記発電装置としては、自動車に搭載された発電装置を適用することができる。自動車に搭載された発電装置としては、自動車内で用いられる電気を発生するオルタネーターであることが好ましい。自動車搭載発電装置を上述の非常時対応型燃料電池に設けられた接続端子と接続し、非常時対応型燃料電池を起動させることができる。 As the power generation device, a power generation device mounted on an automobile can be applied. The power generator mounted on the automobile is preferably an alternator that generates electricity used in the automobile. The on-vehicle power generation device can be connected to the connection terminal provided in the above-mentioned emergency response type fuel cell to start the emergency response type fuel cell.
また、本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに用いられるコンセントは、非常時に商用電源系統と解列された非常時対応型燃料電池からの発電を出力するためのものであり、コンセントの形状は特に定めるものではないが、JIS規格コンセントであることが好ましい。またコンセントの個数についても特に定めないが2個以上の複数であることが好ましい。 In addition, the outlet used in the emergency-response fuel cell system of the present invention is for outputting power from the emergency-response fuel cell that is disconnected from the commercial power supply system in an emergency, and the shape of the outlet is Although it is not particularly defined, it is preferably a JIS standard outlet. Further, although the number of outlets is not particularly defined, it is preferably two or more.
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに用いられる貯湯槽は、燃料電池の発電に伴う発熱の熱交換用水を貯蔵するものであり、非常時対応型燃料電池を包囲するように配置される循環路に接続されて設けられている。 The hot water storage tank used in the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention stores heat exchange water generated by the power generation of the fuel cell and is arranged so as to surround the emergency response type fuel cell. Connected to the road.
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムに使用される負荷装置は、非常時対応型燃料電池において家庭における消費電力以上に発電した場合の余剰電力を消費するための装置であり、余剰電力の有効利用を図ることができるものが好ましく、かかる負荷装置としては、ヒーターや照明装置などを挙げることができる。また上記貯湯槽内や、非常時対応型燃料電池システム本体内にヒーターを設けるなど、他の装置と一体化していてもよい。このような負荷装置は、非常時対応型燃料電池が商用電源系統と解列している場合に限らず、連系している場合であっても、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が消費電力を上回る余剰電力の有効利用を図るものであってもよい。 The load device used in the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention is a device for consuming surplus power when power is generated more than the power consumption at home in the emergency response type fuel cell. What can be utilized is preferable, and examples of the load device include a heater and a lighting device. Moreover, you may integrate with other apparatuses, such as providing a heater in the said hot water storage tank, or an emergency type fuel cell system main body. Such a load device is not limited to the case where the emergency response type fuel cell is disconnected from the commercial power supply system, and the power generation amount of the emergency response type fuel cell is consumed even when the emergency response type fuel cell is connected. The surplus power exceeding the power may be effectively used.
このような本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムは、平常時、商用電源系統に連系し、非常時対応型燃料電池は商用電源系統からの電力により起電され、非常時対応型燃料電池により発電された電力は家庭へ供給され、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力に対して不足する場合の不足分は商用電源系統から供給される。あるいは、平常時、商用電源系統に連系し、商用電源系統からの電力を家庭への主要電源として供給し、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電は行なわず、または非常時対応型燃料電池からの発電は補助的に供給してもよい。非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量が家庭における消費電力に対して過剰の場合、余剰電力を負荷装置に供給し、また、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電に伴う発熱を冷媒により熱交換し、余剰電力や発電に伴う発熱の有効利用を図ることができる。 Such an emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention is normally connected to a commercial power supply system, and the emergency response type fuel cell is powered by power from the commercial power supply system. The power generated by the power supply is supplied to the home, and the shortage when the power generation amount of the emergency type fuel cell is insufficient with respect to the power consumption in the home is supplied from the commercial power supply system. Or during normal times, it is connected to the commercial power supply system, and the power from the commercial power supply system is supplied to the home as the main power supply. Power generation may be supplementarily supplied. When the amount of power generated by the emergency response type fuel cell is excessive with respect to the power consumption at home, surplus power is supplied to the load device, and heat generated by the power generation of the emergency response type fuel cell is exchanged by the refrigerant, Effective use of surplus power and heat generated by power generation can be achieved.
災害時などの非常時においては、非常時対応型燃料電池と商用電源系統との連系が連系保護装置により解列され、非常時対応型燃料電池を発電装置により起動させ、家庭へその発電電力をコンセントから供給する。このとき、非常時対応型燃料電池に設けられる自動車に搭載した発電装置との接続端子を自動車に搭載する発電装置と接続して非常時対応型燃料電池を起動させることもできる。非常時対応型燃料電池の発電量に家庭における消費電力に対して余剰電力が生じる場合や、非常時対応型燃料電池の発電に伴う発熱は、連系時と同様に有効利用を図ることができ、商用電源系統と解列した非常時においても、安定して家庭への電力を供給することができる。 In the event of an emergency such as a disaster, the connection between the emergency-response fuel cell and the commercial power supply system is disconnected by the interconnection protection device, and the emergency-response fuel cell is started up by the power generation device and the power generation to the home Supply power from an electrical outlet. At this time, the emergency response type fuel cell can be started by connecting a connection terminal connected to the power generation device mounted on the automobile provided in the emergency response type fuel cell to the power generation device mounted on the automobile. When surplus power is generated in the amount of power generated by an emergency response type fuel cell relative to the power consumed at home, or the heat generated by the power generation of an emergency response type fuel cell can be used effectively as in the case of grid connection. Even in an emergency when disconnected from the commercial power system, it is possible to stably supply power to the home.
以下、本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムを、図面を参照して具体的に説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲はこれに限定されるものではない。
[実施例1]
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムには、図1に示すように、非常時対応型燃料電池1、連系保護装置2、負荷装置3、発電装置4、貯湯槽5、コンセント6が備えられる。負荷装置としてヒーターを使用し、これを貯蔵槽内に組み込み、一体として構成する。平常時は商用電源と非常時対応型燃料電池を接続し、図中矢印で示すように、商用電源を用いて燃料電池システムの起動を行う。起動後発電した電力は、図2における矢印で示すように、家庭の負荷へ提供する。災害時は、図3に示すように、連系保護装置が燃料電池を商用電源と切断し、非常時対応型燃料電池の起動は発電装置を用いて、図中矢印で示すように、電力を供給して行なう。起動後発電した電力は、図4に示すように、非常時対応型燃料電池本体に付帯したコンセントからに家庭負荷へ出力され、余った電力は負荷装置で消費する。
[実施例2]
本発明の非常時対応型燃料電池システムには、図5に示すように、非常時対応型燃料電池1、連系保護装置2、負荷装置3、接続端子7、貯湯槽5が備えられる。負荷装置としてヒーターを使用し、これを貯湯槽内に組み込み、一体として構成する。平常運転時は商用電源と非常時対応型燃料電池を接続し、図中矢印で示すように、商用電源を用いて非常時対応型燃料電池システムの起動を行う。起動後発電した電力は、図6における矢印で示すように、家庭の負荷へ提供する。災害時は、図7に示すように、連系保護装置が非常時対応型燃料電池を商用電源と切断し、非常時対応型燃料電池の起動は自動車搭載の発電装置と非常時対応型燃料電池に設けられた接続端子を接続して、図中矢印で示すように、電力を供給して行なう。起動後発電した電力は、図8に示すように、非常時対応型燃料電池本体に付帯したコンセントから家庭負荷へ出力され、余った電力は負荷装置で消費する。
Hereinafter, the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the emergency-response fuel cell system of the present invention includes an emergency-response fuel cell 1, an interconnection protection device 2, a load device 3, a power generation device 4, a hot water tank 5, and an
[Example 2]
As shown in FIG. 5, the emergency response type fuel cell system of the present invention includes an emergency response type fuel cell 1, a connection protection device 2, a load device 3, a connection terminal 7, and a hot water tank 5. A heater is used as a load device, which is incorporated into a hot water tank and configured as an integral unit. During normal operation, a commercial power supply and an emergency response type fuel cell are connected, and the emergency response type fuel cell system is started up using the commercial power supply as indicated by an arrow in the figure. The electric power generated after startup is provided to a household load as shown by the arrow in FIG. In the event of a disaster, as shown in FIG. 7, the interconnection protection device disconnects the emergency-response fuel cell from the commercial power source, and the emergency-response fuel cell is activated by the on-vehicle power generation device and the emergency-response fuel cell. A connection terminal provided in the terminal is connected, and power is supplied as shown by an arrow in the figure. As shown in FIG. 8, the electric power generated after the start-up is output from the outlet attached to the emergency response type fuel cell body to the household load, and the surplus power is consumed by the load device.
1 非常時対応型燃料電池
2 連系保護装置
3 負荷装置
4 発電装置
5 貯湯槽
6 コンセント
7 接続端子
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Emergency response type fuel cell 2 Linkage protection device 3 Load device 4 Power generation device 5
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (3)
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JP2005377240A JP2007179886A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Fuel cell system for coping with emergency |
TW095148915A TW200810320A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-12-26 | Fuel cell system for emergency responses |
PCT/JP2006/325885 WO2007077820A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2006-12-26 | Fuel battery system adaptable to emergency condition |
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JP2005377240A JP2007179886A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Fuel cell system for coping with emergency |
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WO2007077820A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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