CN101170178B - Fuel battery system for apartment building and control method of the system - Google Patents
Fuel battery system for apartment building and control method of the system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101170178B CN101170178B CN2007101673583A CN200710167358A CN101170178B CN 101170178 B CN101170178 B CN 101170178B CN 2007101673583 A CN2007101673583 A CN 2007101673583A CN 200710167358 A CN200710167358 A CN 200710167358A CN 101170178 B CN101170178 B CN 101170178B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system used in an apartment building. A plurality of fuel cell stacks are arranged inside each house of the apartment building. One or a plurality of fuel processors are arranged inside a service area and used for supplying the generated hydrogen to each supplying module used in a plurality of houses through pipelines. A public converter receives the rest hydrogen generated by the fuel processors through pipelines and generates public powers and thermals. A controller automatically detects the main power supplied to the fuel processors from an outside main power supply, and selectively outputs a control signal. An assistant power supplying unit receives the control signal from the controller and selectively supplies powers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of fuel cell system that is used for apartment building; one or more fuel processors that are used for producing by fuel reforming hydrogen wherein are installed in the coverage; and installation is used to use hydrogen to produce the fuel cell pack of electricity and heat in each housing unit; even especially being provided, a kind of power supply trouble safeguard protection and externally fed of can providing disconnect the fuel cell system that is used for apartment building that also can make the fuel processor stable power-supplying, and the method for operation of this system.
Background technology
Usually, fuel cell system is by hydrogen or pure hydrogen that is obtained by reformed gas fuel and the device that produces electric energy from airborne oxygen reaction.Fuel cell system is similar to the battery that produces electricity by chemical reaction.Yet fuel cell system receives reactant from the outside, for example hydrogen and oxygen, make fuel cell system not need charging, need only to this fuel cell fueling and just produce electricity, and need not fuel combustion reaction generation electricity, therefore have the advantage of environment aspect.
The basic principle of operation of fuel cell system is, electrolyte is clipped between two electrodes, and when hydrogen ion and oxonium ion produce electricity during by two electrodes, and heat and water produce as byproduct.Herein, when supplying with oxygen by the anode hydrogen supply of fuel cell and by the negative electrode of fuel cell, the hydrogen molecule that enters by anode becomes proton and electronics by catalyst separation, and the proton that separates reaches negative electrode with electronics by different paths.That is to say that proton stream is crossed the electrolyte in the middle of the fuel cell, and electronics flows through the external circuit, produce electric current thus and flow, and electronics and proton produce water thus in negative electrode and combination with oxygen.
In other words, fuel cell is the production system that directly the chemical reaction power conversion of hydrogen and oxygen is become electric energy, and hydrogen and oxygen are contained in the alkyl material, for example in methyl alcohol, ethanol or the natural gas.This fuel cell according to the electrolytical type of use be divided into phosphoric acid fuel cell (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) (PAFC), fusion carbonic ester fuel cell (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) (MCFC), solid oxygen vapour fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) (SOFC) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) (PEMFC).Although operate various fuel cells based on identical principle basically, they are different on the electrolyte of kind, operating temperature, catalyst and the use of fuel.
The structure of conventional fuel cell system comprises, to convert the fuel processor of hydrogen fuel such as the fuel of natural gas to by fuel reforming, receiving hydrogen from fuel processor causes the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen and produces electricity and the fuel cell pack of heat, the inverter that is used for being converted to owing to the direct current that the chemical reaction of fuel cell pack produces the alternating current of family expenses is a power supply change-over device, and is used to the row of extraction and utilizes heat exchanger as the heat energy that adds hot water again to the used heat of outside and with this used heat.
Fuel processor produces hydrogen by the fuel in the petrolift reception fuel bath by fuel reforming, and with hydrogen fueling battery pile.
Fuel cell pack forms the main body of fuel cell, and by causing that electrochemical reaction produces electric energy between the hydrogen that receives by fuel processor and oxygen.Herein, fuel cell pack has several to structure that is stacked to another top of tens batteries, each battery comprise membrane electrode assembly (Membrane Electrode Assembly) (MEA) and close attachment to the two poles of the earth pole plate of MEA both sides.MEA has anode electrode and cathode electrode is attached to the structure that is plugged on the dielectric film between anode electrode and cathode electrode.
In fuel cell pack, by the two-stage pole plate, hydrogen is supplied with anode electrode, oxygen is supplied with cathode electrode.In this process, in the oxidation reaction of anode electrode generation hydrogen, the while is in the reduction reaction of cathode electrode generation oxygen.In addition, because the electronic motion that produces in this process thereby produced electricity has produced Re Heshui thereupon.
Inverter is that the direct current that will produce in the above-mentioned fuel cell pack converts alternating current to, and is civilian to be used as.
The fuel cell system of above-mentioned formation has energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, the flexibility of energy source of supply and the various advantages of Preparation of Hydrogen economy.Therefore, recently, concentrate exploitation and moved generation to be equal to or less than the energy of 5kW rather than the fuel cell system that is used for housing unit of extensive generating equipment.
Yet the generate output of having developed conventional fuel cell system is to be fit to independent home dwelling.Therefore, because when overall generate output increases, the restriction of should the development environment technology and should solve secure context is difficult to conventional fuel cell system is applied to the problem that many home dwellings are apartment building so exist, and apartment building is apartment or residential office apartment for example.
That is to say the restriction that has capacity increase owing to the reason of safety and technical elements as the fuel processor of the reformer that produces hydrogen.In addition, when whole system was assigned with, main problem was the scheme that effective operational system must be provided.
In order to address the above problem, the applicant has proposed a kind of fuel cell system that is used for apartment building, wherein one or more fuel processors are installed in the coverage of apartment building, with a plurality of fuel cell packs, be used to receive hydrogen and generation electricity, and inverter is installed in independently in each housing unit from corresponding fuel processor.
Promptly, the fuel cell system that is used for apartment building that the applicant has applied for a patent has such structure, promptly wherein move described fuel processor, and fuel cell pack receives reformer hydrogen and generation electricity and hot from corresponding fuel processor by obtain the required minimum electricity of operation fuel processor from external power company.
In this structure, when becoming in internal system, fuel cell system configuration wherein produces and receives electricity rather than from external power company when for example Korean Electric Power Company (KEPCO) receives the closed circuit system of the electricity that is used to move fuel processor, owing to the increase of various subsidiary facilities and keep need huge expensive, and owing to low-yield efficient has reduced effect.Therefore, supply with the minimum operation of operation fuel processor electric power from external power company.
Yet, the fuel cell system that is used for apartment building that the applicant has applied for a patent is configured to such structure, i.e. operation is installed in the required electricity of the fuel processor of coverage from external power company, make when power supply trouble takes place, because fuel processor is out of service, exist each fuel cell pack can not produce the problem of electricity and heat.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention is in order to overcome the problems referred to above that prior art occurs, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fuel cell system that is used for apartment building, even this fuel cell system externally power supply because during a variety of causes stop supplies, still can make fuel processor stable operation, thereby keep the stable power-supplying of the fuel cell pack that is installed in each housing unit.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of fuel cell system that is used for apartment building, this system comprises a plurality of fuel cell packs, and these a plurality of fuel cell packs are installed in each housing unit of apartment building, and is configured to use hydrogen to produce electricity and hot; One or more fuel processors are installed in the coverage, and are configured to by the hydrogen of pipeline to each supply module supply generation that respectively is used for a plurality of housing units; Public translation device, this public translation device are configured to receive by the remaining hydrogen of the excessive generation of fuel processor and produce common electrical and public heat energy by pipeline; Controller, this controller are configured to detect automatically the main distribution from the main power source of outside fueling processor, and optionally export control signal; And auxiliary power unit, this auxiliary power unit is configured to receive the control signal of self-controller and optionally power supply.
In one embodiment, described fuel processor is connected with the main supply line that is used for hydrogen fueling battery pile, and be connected with the additional feed pipeline that comprises valve, optionally remaining hydrogen is supplied with the public translation device, described fuel cell pack is formed for the corresponding supply module of each housing unit.
In this embodiment, each fuel processor is electrically connected, with what optionally receive from external power company or auxiliary power unit.
In this embodiment, the public translation device uses one or two configurations in common fuel battery pile and the hydrogen boiler to form, described fuel cell pack is connected with each fuel processor by the pipeline that respectively has valve, optionally receive hydrogen and produce electricity and hot, described hydrogen boiler is connected with each fuel processor by the pipeline that respectively has valve, and selectivity receives hydrogen and produces heat.
In this embodiment, described controller comprises the voltage sensor that is used for detecting automatically the main power voltage state.
In this embodiment, described auxiliary power unit is the capacitor that is connected with the public translation device, and reception and storage produce.
In this embodiment, described auxiliary power unit is for using diesel engine or the gas engine generator as engine.
In order to finish above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of operation method that is used for the fuel cell system of apartment building, this method comprises that reception one or morely is installed in the fuel processor fuel reforming of apartment building coverage and produces hydrogen from the electricity of outside main power source and by using; Hydrogen is independently supplied with supply module and is each housing unit generation electricity and hot, and supply module is included as a plurality of fuel cell packs that a plurality of housing units are installed; To supply with the public translation device that is used to produce common electrical and heat by the remaining hydrogen of the excessive generation of each fuel processor; And use controller optionally to control the operation of auxiliary power supply, and described auxiliary power supply is electrically connected with fuel processor and powers, and described controller receives the voltage that detects main power source information automatically.
In another embodiment, described auxiliary power unit uses capacitor and generator configuration to form, and described capacitor is connected with each fuel processor and receives and store the electricity that produces, and described generator uses diesel engine or gas engine as engine.
In this embodiment, in the process of the described auxiliary power unit operation of control, when the information that receives from the main distribution abort state of voltage sensor, described controller carries out electric control, makes auxiliary power unit operation and with electric fueling processor.
In this embodiment, described public translation device uses one or two configurations in common fuel battery pile and the hydrogen boiler to form, described common fuel battery pile produces electricity and with heat and by pipeline electricity is supplied with the public domain, described hydrogen boiler produces heat and with hot gas and each housing unit of hot water supply, and described public translation device is controlled by controller.
Description of drawings
Can more be expressly understood above and other objects of the present invention, feature and other advantage by following specific descriptions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 and 2 is for showing the schematic diagram that is used for the fuel cell system configuration of apartment building of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for showing the schematic diagram that is used for the fuel cell system configuration of apartment building of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is for showing the schematic diagram that is used for the fuel cell system control structure of apartment building of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein in all different accompanying drawings, represent same or analogous parts with identical reference marker.
Hereinafter describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein in all different accompanying drawings, represent same or analogous parts with identical reference marker.
Below in conjunction with the following description of accompanying drawing, it is more obvious that the features and advantages of the present invention will become.
Used term and word needn't be interpreted as having the meaning in the conventional dictionary in this specification and claims, but should be interpreted as may suitably defining the principle of notion of term for the invention of describing inventor oneself in optimal mode and the meaning that meets the technology of the present invention spirit and the notion that have based on the inventor.
Describe the execution mode that is used for the fuel cell system of apartment building of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
Fig. 1 is used for the schematic diagram of structure of relevant installation of the fuel cell system fuel processor of apartment building for showing the present invention; And Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the relevant installation of demonstration fuel cell pack of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, fuel cell system 1 of the present invention is mainly used in apartment building, for example apartment and residential office apartment.Promptly, be used for being installed in the coverage (not shown) by the fuel processor 3 of fuel reforming generation hydrogen, for example machinery compartment is used to receive hydrogen and generation electricity and the hot fuel cell pack that comprises the inverter (not shown) (fuel cell system) 5 and is installed in each housing unit.
Reference marker ' 3a ' expression is used to receive the burning line from the fuel of tanks (not shown), and reference marker ' 3b ' expression is used for reformer hydrogen is conducted to the hydrogen supply pipeline of fuel cell pack 5.
The structure of above-mentioned structure and the known fuel cell system that is used for apartment building is basic identical.Yet, the present invention includes one or more low capacity fuel processors and fuel cell pack, described fuel processor is dangerous facility; Described fuel cell pack independently is installed in each housing unit, is formed for single supply module of a plurality of housing units, and receives the hydrogen from corresponding fuel processor.
Fig. 3 is the demonstration schematic diagram that is used for the fuel cell system configuration of apartment building of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is for showing the schematic diagram that is used for the fuel cell system control structure of apartment building of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 3 and 4, fuel cell system 1 of the present invention comprise one or more be installed in the apartment building coverage and be configured to produce hydrogen and each supply module that is used for a plurality of housing units provided the fuel processor 3 of hydrogen by pipeline by fuel reforming, the hydrogen that independently is installed in each housing unit of apartment building and is configured to receive from fuel processor 3 also produces fuel cell pack 5 electric and heat, be configured to controller 10 based on operating state control fuel processor 3 operations of fuel cell pack 5, be configured to will excessive generation in fuel processor 3 remaining hydrogen change into the public translation device 20 of electricity and heat energy, and be used to receive the control signal of self-controller 10 and selectively power auxiliary power unit 40 to fuel processor 3.
This fuel processor 3 is to be used for widely used fuel such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or methanol conversion being become hydrogen and with the device of hydrogen fueling battery by fuel reforming.The process that fuel processor 3 is carried out based on catalyst, i.e. desulphurization reaction, reforming reaction, water-gas shift reaction (water gas shift reaction) and chemical choice reaction (chemoselective reaction).
That is, fuel processor 3 comprises the metal-zeolite devulcanizer that is used for reacting at normal temperatures, the steam reformer that is used to carry out the endothermic reaction, water-gas shift reactor (carbon monoxide transducer) and preferred oxidation reactor.Can use technique known to realize owing to have the fuel processor of above-mentioned structure, therefore omit its specific descriptions at this.
Simultaneously, above-mentioned fuel processor 3 of the present invention is applied to apartment building such as apartment or residential office apartment.Under the preferable case, fuel processor 3 is used for machinery compartment, switchgear house or the boiler room of coverage such as apartment building.Fuel processor 3 is the quite dangerous facilities that are used to produce hydrogen, and has the shortcoming of the dangerous proportional increase with the increase of hydrogen output.That is to say, have following shortcoming: when the capacity of fuel processor increases, need extra safety device such as explosion-protection equipment, make financial burden increase, and because various restrictions, fuel processor can not be installed in the residential block.
Therefore, the present invention proposes the low capacity fuel processor 3 one or more economy being installed and being easy to control from secure context.Each fuel processor 3 is connected with main supply line ' p1 ' with hydrogen fueling battery pile 5, and this will be described below, and is connected so that remaining hydrogen is supplied with public translation device 20 with additional feed pipeline ' p2 '.Fuel processor 3 receives from external power company by main power source ' mp '.In addition, when power supply trouble takes place in main power source ' mp ', the electricity that fuel processor 3 receives from auxiliary power unit 40, this will be described below.
Though not shown in the drawings one or more fuel processors, in the preferred case, described fuel processor optionally is connected to each other by pipeline.
The Capacity Selection method of fuel processor with above-mentioned structure is specific as follows:
(1) is used for the hydrogen supply total capacity of apartment building
Consider the power consumption of each housing unit, the hydrogen supply amount that is used for each housing unit decides based on the capacity of fuel cell system 1.Usually, be that the fuel cell system 1 of 0.5-5kW is applied to each housing unit with capacity.The fuel cell system 1 required hydrogen supply amount that is used for each housing unit can calculate according to following equation 1 based on the electric transformation efficiency (being generally 20-50%) of fuel cell system 1:
Hydrogen supply amount (maximum)=P ÷ E * 860 ÷ 2732[Nm
3/ hr] (1)
Fuel cell capacity (maximum): P (kW) wherein,
Capacitance to the conversion ratio of thermal capacity is: 860Kcal/kWh.
Hydrogen calorific value: 2732Kcal/Nm
3[than low heat value], and
Electricity transformation efficiency: E[%]
Therefore, be the capacity of structure and computing fuel processor, can use following equation 2 to calculate the hydrogen supply total capacity that is used for apartment building:
Capa, Cp
H2, Cp
H2[Nm
3/ hr]=(hydrogen supply amount, maximum) * (apartment total quantity) (2)
(2) installation of fuel processor choice of capacity and module
When the quantity of the building that comprises in apartment building is apartment and residence area was M, the quantity that the machinery compartment of fuel processor is installed was M, thereby M fuel processor generally is installed.Yet fuel processor can be installed according to following multiple mode based on commercially available fuel processor desired volume:
Embodiment 1
In the time of in fuel processor is installed in each building,
Quantity=the M of fuel processor to be installed
The capacity C that is used for the fuel processor of each module
FP=Int[Cp
H2/ M]+1
Int[X wherein]=integer value after the decimal of X numerical value rounded up.
Embodiment 2
When per two buildings are installed a fuel processor:
Quantity=the M/2 of fuel processor to be installed
The capacity C that is used for the fuel processor of each module
FP=Int[2Cp
H2/ M]+1
That is, when use capacity as the housing unit of the fuel cell system of 1kW add up to 600 and the quantity of building be 20, then the total capacity of Gong Ying hydrogen (CaPa) is defined as about 420Nm
3/ hr.Though the capacity of each fuel processor can calculate after determining by the quantity of the module of installing as mentioned above again, the quantity of module to be installed can be calculated after the capacity of determining each fuel processor.
Be configured to the fuel that aforesaid fuel processor 3 receives in the tanks (not shown), fuel reforming produces hydrogen, and hydrogen is supplied with the corresponding supply module ' a ' that is used for a plurality of housing units, promptly forms the fuel cell pack 5 of supply module ' a '.
This fuel cell pack 5 is the equipment that is used for producing electricity when hydrogen that produces from fuel processor 3 and airborne oxygen reaction.Fuel cell pack 5 mainly comprises the catalyst that is used to induce reaction, is used to transmit hydrionic dielectric film (electrolyte membrane) and is used to control the collection of electricity and the two poles of the earth pole plate of gas flow.
That is, fuel cell pack 5 is to be used for by causing from the hydrogen of fuel processor 3 receptions and the device of the generation of the electrochemical reaction between oxygen electric energy.Described fuel cell pack has wherein several even structure that is stacked to another top of tens batteries, and each battery comprises MEA and tightly attached to the two poles of the earth pole plate on MEA two sides.MEA has such structure, promptly wherein anode electrode and cathode electrode attached on the dielectric film that is clipped in the middle of their.By above-mentioned structure, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied with anode electrode and cathode electrode respectively by the two poles of the earth pole plate.In this process, in anode electrode hydrogen generation oxidation reaction, and in cathode electrode oxygen generation reduction reaction.Further, because movement of electrons produces electricity, follow the generation of heat and water simultaneously.Because the electricity that produces is a direct current, therefore use the inverter 7 that is arranged on a side that electricity is converted into alternating current, then as commercial electrical.
Realize with the above-mentioned fuel processor 3 the same known method of can using owing to have the fuel cell pack 5 of above-mentioned structure, therefore omit its specific descriptions at this.
Yet in the present invention, fuel cell pack 5 is installed in apartment building for example in each housing unit of apartment and residential office apartment, forms single supply module of housing unit, and receives the hydrogen from corresponding fuel processor 3.
Controller 10 is a kind of microprocessors, control signal is outputed to above-mentioned fuel cell pack 5, fuel processor 3, public translation device 20 and auxiliary power unit 40, so that keep system stable operation.Controller 10 can be configured to controller and control the electric partial assembled (electric sub assemblies) of this system of various formation or be configured to the controller (not shown) and independently be arranged in each electric partial assembled and be in a plurality of fuel cell packs, fuel processor, public translation device 20 and the auxiliary power unit 40 and control.Because sort controller 10 can use technique known to realize, therefore omits its specific descriptions at this.Describe for convenient, the present invention will be based on being connected with a plurality of electric partial assembled with circuit type and its single controller that applies control signal being described.
Though not shown, controller 10 comprises a plurality of transducers that are used for detecting automatically the running status of fuel processor 3 and fuel cell pack 5.Particularly, controller 10 comprise be used for automatic detection will be from the voltage sensor 15 of the voltage status of the main power source ' mp ' of outside fueling processor 3.
At this, the voltage status of 15 pairs of main power sources of voltage sensor ' mp ' is monitored in real time, and automatic detected information is put on the controller 10 that links to each other with outlet terminal.Controller 10 judges whether to take place power supply trouble based on the information of voltage that is applied by main power source ' mp '.If determine to have taken place power supply trouble, then controller 10 moves auxiliary power unit 10, and this will hereinafter be described, and the line control unit of going forward side by side is with electric fueling processor 3.
Though it is not shown, under the preferable case, controller 10 is controlled the operation of corresponding fuel processor 3 based on the running status that is installed in the fuel cell pack 5 in each housing unit, thereby produce the hydrogen of aequum, and when producing the remaining hydrogen of excessive generation, remaining hydrogen is supplied with public translation device 20, thereby produce common electrical.
Public translation device 20 is to be used to receive the remaining hydrogen of fuel processor 3 excessive generations and to use the hydrogen that receives to be converted into heat energy as common electrical or with the hydrogen that receives and supply with the equipment of each housing unit.
That is, determine operation ratio (hereinafter to be referred as ' R ') corresponding to the fuel processor 3 of the fuel cell pack 5 of the single supply module ' a ' that is formed for a plurality of housing units based on the operating load of each fuel cell pack.At this, when the minimum output of fuel processor 3 is determined according to specification in the 0-100% scope with the ratio of maximum output, and when this ratio is called adjusting than (Turn-Down-Ratio) (hereinafter to be referred as ' TRD '), based on ' TRD ' and ' R ' of fuel processor 3, the amount of the hydrogen that is produced by fuel processor 3 is controlled to be and satisfies total hydrogen-consuming volume or stay remaining hydrogen.
Therefore, the remaining hydrogen that the present invention proposes to produce is supplied with other public translation device 20, and utilizes by the electricity or the heat energy that this hydrogen are converted into common electrical, sell as superfluous electric power, thereby can improve energy utilization efficiency.
Simultaneously, public translation device 20 can be by pipeline that comprises valve and the common fuel battery pile 21 that each fuel processor 3 is connected, and optionally receives hydrogen and generation.At this, common fuel battery pile 21 can be supplied with the public domain with the electricity that produces, and for example street lamp and elevator perhaps are transported to the capacitor 41 that forms part auxiliary power unit 40, and to store electricity, this will be described below.In addition, though not shown, remaining electricity can be transported to Utilities Electric Co. and sell.
At this, the capacity that forms the common fuel battery pile 21 of part public translation device 20 can use the method for following embodiment 3 to select:
Embodiment 3
Suppose that apartment building is the apartment, the total capacity of the fuel cell pack 5 of housing unit is 600kW in the residence area, and ' TRD ' is 50%, and based on the remaining hydrogen of maximum, the capacity of common fuel battery pile 21 can be chosen as:
600kW×50％＝300kW。
In addition, except the form of common fuel battery pile 21, public translation device 20 can be with the form setting of hydrogen boiler 23.At this, hydrogen boiler 23 is the equipment that is connected and uses the hydrogen generation heat of supplying with by the pipeline that comprises valve with each fuel processor 3.Hydrogen boiler 23 can be connected with pipeline, with hot gas and each housing unit of hot water supply or public domain such as control room and the old man Room (hall for the aged).
At this, the capacity that forms the hydrogen boiler 23 of part public translation device 20 can use the method for following embodiment 4 to select.
Embodiment 4
Suppose that apartment building is the apartment, the total capacity of the fuel cell pack 5 of housing unit is that 600kW and ' TRD ' are 50% in the residence area, and then based on the remaining hydrogen of maximum, the capacity of hydrogen boiler 23 can be selected as follows:
600kW×25％＝150kW。
Simultaneously, the common fuel battery pile 21 and the hydrogen boiler 23 that form part public translation device 20 can use technique known to realize, thereby omit its specific descriptions at this.
Auxiliary power unit 20 receives the control signal from above-mentioned controller 10, and optionally with circuit type with electric fueling processor 3.In addition, be used for the capacitor 41 of store charge or be used to use diesel engine or gas engine can be used as auxiliary power unit 40 as diesel-electric generator 43 and uses.
At this, capacitor 41 comprises the storage battery that can repeat to charge with exoelectrical reaction.At this,, use the secondary cell of non-aqueous solution (organic electrolyte or solid electrolyte) can be used as storage battery except lead accumulator and alkaline battery.In addition, generator 43 is the equipment that is used for mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and uses diesel engine or gas engine can be used as generator 43 as the ac generator of engine.
As mentioned above, auxiliary power supply 40 can be constructed with capacitor 41 or generator 43 or with capacitor 41 and generator 43.In addition, use the display unit of warning lamp or siren additionally to be installed in the auxiliary power unit 40, make keeper or operator can notice the running status of capacitor 41 and generator 43.Because capacitor 41 and generator 43 can use technique known to realize, therefore omit its specific descriptions at this.
Simultaneously, forming the capacitor 41 of auxiliary power unit 40 and the capacity of generator 43 can use following embodiment 5 described equatioies to select:
Suppose that apartment building is the apartment,
Minimum electromotive force=Pi[kW that each housing unit is required]
Quantity=N the housing unit of housing unit in the residence area
The required minimum electromotive force=P of residence area
Always[kW] ÷ pi * N
The required minimum hydrogen supply amount=P of residence area
Always[kW] ÷ E * 860 ÷ 2732=H2
Ups[Nm
3/ hr] 860Kcal/kWh wherein: the ratio that capacitance is converted into thermal capacity
2732kcal/Nm
3[than low heat value]: hydrogen calorific value
E[%]: electric transformation efficiency
The capacity of the fuel processor of each module, C
FP=C
FP[Nm
3/ hr]
When power supply trouble takes place with the quantity of the fuel processor module of operation: M
Ups=Int[H2
Ups/ C
FP]+1
Int[x wherein]=integer value after the decimal of X numerical value rounded up
Single fuel processor power demand: P
FPI[kW/ (Nm
3/ hr)]
Total operate power of fuel processor: P when power supply trouble takes place
FP=M
Ups* C
FP* P
FPi
The minimum capacity of battery or storage battery: CP=P
FPα
The required power [kW] of the generator initial launch of α=auxiliary power unit wherein
According to the present invention, construct the aforesaid operation that is used for the fuel cell system of apartment building and will hereinafter be described.
The one or more fuel processors 3 that have predetermined aerogenesis capacity separately are installed in the coverage such as machinery compartment and switchgear house of apartment building, and produce hydrogen by fuel reforming.The hydrogen that produces is supplied with the fuel cell pack 5 that is installed in each housing unit and is connected with corresponding fuel processor by pipeline, thereby be that the housing unit generation is electric and hot.
At this, processor 3 is configured to link to each other with the supply module separately ' a ' as a plurality of housing units respectively by pipeline, and supplies with the hydrogen that produces by fuel reforming.The remaining hydrogen of excessive generation is supplied with the public translation device 20 that connects by pipeline, and change into common electrical and heat energy for use, perhaps with acting on the electric power that makes capacitor 41 chargings.Described capacitor 41 forms part auxiliary power unit 40.
Simultaneously, the electricity that is promptly provided by external power company when the main power source ' mp ' of fuel processor 3 interrupts or when cutting off, controller 10 uses the voltage sensor 15 of the voltage that detects main power sources ' mp ' automatically to carry out monitoring in real time, to determine whether to take place power supply trouble.If determine to take place power supply trouble, then controller 10 moves auxiliary power supplies 40, and with electric fueling processor 3.Therefore, whether even when the main power failure of main power source ' mp ', fuel processor 3 still can be stablized generation hydrogen, no matter make has external power fueling processor 3, although promptly power supply trouble has taken place main power source ' mp ', the operation of whole system can both be proceeded.
In addition, after the off-position of main power source ' mp ' is removed, voltage sensor detects off-position automatically and removes, and automatic detected information is delivered to controller 10, make controller 10 cut off and carry out electric control, make fuel processor 3 receive automatic power supply ' mp ' by the electricity of auxiliary power unit 40 fueling processors 3.
The preferred operational mode that is configured to the fuel cell system of aforesaid apartment building will be described below.
In fuel cell system 1 of the present invention, the one or more fuel processors 3 that are installed in the apartment building coverage receive the electricity of automatic power supply ' mp ' and produce hydrogen by fuel reforming.
The hydrogen that is produced by corresponding fuel processor 3 is supplied with the fuel cell pack 5 that is installed in the housing unit separately and is formed for the supply module ' a ' of a plurality of housing units by pipeline.Fuel cell pack 5 uses the hydrogen of supplying with to produce to be used for the electricity of housing unit separately and hot.
In addition, will supply with public translation device 20 to produce common electrical and heat by the remaining hydrogen of fuel processor 3 excessive generations separately.That is, the hydrogen of supplying with public translation device 20 is used as common electrical and heat energy by common fuel battery pile 21, supplies with the public domain to produce electricity with heat and by pipeline, and passes through in the pipeline housing unit by hydrogen boiler 23 generation heat and with hot gas and hot water.
Simultaneously, the voltage status of 15 pairs of main power sources of voltage sensor ' mp ' is monitored in real time, and will detect message transmission automatically to controller 10.When power supply trouble takes place in main power source ' mp ', controller 10 operation auxiliary power unit 40, and with electric fueling processor 3, even make described fuel processor 3 also can produce hydrogen continuously by fuel reforming under the situation of power supply trouble, described auxiliary power unit 40 disposes capacitor 41 and generator 43.
Foregoing description preferred implementation of the present invention, but can under the situation that does not deviate from the present invention spirit and technical scope, make various modifications obviously to those skilled in the art.Therefore, must think that various modifications include in described claim scope of disclosure.
Have the fuel cell system that is used for apartment building of as above constructing and as above moving, distributing and fuel processor and fuel cell pack be installed, making the stability that can improve system.Especially, even when the externally fed of fueling processor interrupts or cut off, still can power continuously to fuel processor by using, make and to prevent the inconvenience out of service of fuel processor under the power supply trouble situation in advance and can guarantee and keep system operation stability and have valuable advantage by the auxiliary power unit of controller control.
In addition, can change into common electrical (being used for street lamp or elevator) and heat energy (energy that is used for hot gas and hot water) and supply with the capacitor that forms the part auxiliary power supply by the remaining hydrogen of the excessive generation of each fuel processor, so improved energy efficiency, and do not need to install quite dangerous high capacity hydrogen storage jar and come storage of hydrogen, consequently, has the advantage that improves the fuel cell system applications degree of freedom that is used for apartment building greatly.
Claims (11)
1. fuel cell system that is used for apartment building, this system comprises:
A plurality of fuel cell packs, these a plurality of fuel cell packs are installed in each housing unit of apartment building and are configured to use hydrogen to produce electricity and hot;
One or more fuel processors, this fuel processor is installed in the coverage and is configured to and by pipeline the hydrogen that produces is supplied to each supply module that respectively is used for a plurality of housing units, and each supply module comprises a plurality of fuel cell packs that are used for a plurality of housing units;
Public translation device, this public translation device are configured to receive by the remaining hydrogen of the excessive generation of described fuel processor and produce common electrical and heat energy by pipeline;
Controller, this controller are configured to detect automatically main distribution and the selectivity output control signal of being supplied with described fuel processor by outside main power source; And
The control signal that auxiliary power unit, this auxiliary power unit are configured to receive from described controller also optionally supplies power to described fuel processor.
2. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described each fuel processor is connected with the main supply pipeline that is used for hydrogen is supplied to described fuel cell pack, and be connected with the auxiliary supply pipeline that comprises valve that is used for optionally remaining hydrogen being supplied to described public translation device, described fuel cell pack is formed for the corresponding supply module of described each housing unit.
3. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described each fuel processor is electrically connected to described main power source and described auxiliary power unit, thereby optionally receive from external power company or described auxiliary power unit.
4. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described public translation device uses one or two configuration in common fuel battery pile and the hydrogen boiler to form, described common fuel battery pile is connected with each described fuel processor by the pipeline that has valve separately, optionally receive hydrogen and produce electricity and hot, described hydrogen boiler is connected with each described fuel processor by the pipeline that has valve separately, optionally receives hydrogen and produces heat.
5. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described controller comprises the voltage sensor that is used for detecting automatically described main power voltage state.
6. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described auxiliary power unit is a capacitor, this capacitor is connected and receives and store the electricity and the storage of generation with described public translation device.
7. fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein, described auxiliary power unit is for using diesel engine or the gas engine generator as engine.
8. operation method that is used for the fuel cell system of apartment building, this method comprises:
Reception is from the electricity of outside main power source, and use is installed in the one or more fuel processor fuel reformings in the described apartment building coverage and produces hydrogen;
Hydrogen independently is supplied to comprises the supply module that is installed in a plurality of fuel cell packs in a plurality of housing units separately, and produce the electricity that is used for housing unit separately and hot;
To be supplied to the public translation device by the remaining hydrogen of the excessive generation of described fuel processor separately, be used to produce common electrical and heat; And
Use controller optionally to control the operation of auxiliary power unit, described auxiliary power unit is electrically connected with described fuel processor and powers, and the voltage that described controller receives described main power source detects information automatically.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, described auxiliary power unit uses capacitor and generator configuration to form, and described capacitor is connected with each described fuel processor and receives and store the electricity that produces, and described generator uses diesel engine or gas engine as engine.
10. method according to claim 8, wherein, in the process of the described auxiliary power unit operation of control, when receiving from voltage sensor about the information of main distribution abort state, described controller carries out electric control, makes described auxiliary power unit operation and electricity is supplied to described fuel processor.
11. method according to claim 8, wherein, described public translation device uses one or two configurations in common fuel battery pile and the hydrogen boiler to form, and described public translation device is controlled by controller, described common fuel battery pile produces electricity and heat and by pipeline electricity is supplied to the public domain, described hydrogen boiler produce heat and with hot gas and hot water supply to each housing unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020060104072 | 2006-10-25 | ||
| KR10-2006-0104072 | 2006-10-25 | ||
| KR1020060104072A KR100778626B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2006-10-25 | Fuel sell system of apartment house and control method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101170178A CN101170178A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| CN101170178B true CN101170178B (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2007101673583A Expired - Fee Related CN101170178B (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2007-10-25 | Fuel battery system for apartment building and control method of the system |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2008108733A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100778626B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101170178B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101022012B1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2011-03-16 | 주식회사 동양건설산업 | Fuel cell system having charger |
| JP6071527B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-02-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Fuel cell system |
| JP6570212B2 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2019-09-04 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN107119936A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-01 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of underground parking energy supplying system based on the direct SOFC of natural gas |
| KR102324535B1 (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-09 | 여영찬 | A fuel cell system |
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| JP2004229416A (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-08-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Dc power supply system |
| CN1524308A (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2004-08-25 | 益达科技有限责任公司 | Fuel cell system with stored hydrogen |
| CN1529377A (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2004-09-15 | 上海交通大学 | Secondary domestic fuel cell device |
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| JPH11317239A (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Energy supply system |
| JP2002063927A (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-28 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Control method of fuel cell system and its device |
| JP2003163025A (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-06 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Hydrogen production and storage system |
| KR20040006666A (en) * | 2002-07-13 | 2004-01-24 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Emergency operating apparatus of fuel cell |
| JP4192023B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2008-12-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Thermoelectric supply system |
| JP4273022B2 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2009-06-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Starting method at power failure in fuel gas production power generation system |
| US7700206B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2010-04-20 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Fuel cell system |
| JP2006073415A (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | Fuel cell system |
| JP4781656B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2011-09-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | Fuel cell system and housing complex |
| KR20070076098A (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Fuel cell system with load switch for delaying connection time |
| KR100742302B1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-07-24 | (주)퓨얼셀 파워 | Fuel cell system and operating method |
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2006
- 2006-10-25 KR KR1020060104072A patent/KR100778626B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
- 2007-10-25 CN CN2007101673583A patent/CN101170178B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1524308A (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2004-08-25 | 益达科技有限责任公司 | Fuel cell system with stored hydrogen |
| JP2004229416A (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-08-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Dc power supply system |
| CN1529377A (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2004-09-15 | 上海交通大学 | Secondary domestic fuel cell device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008108733A (en) | 2008-05-08 |
| KR100778626B1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
| CN101170178A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
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