CN113173068A - Power mixing device and operation starting method thereof - Google Patents

Power mixing device and operation starting method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113173068A
CN113173068A CN202110392972.XA CN202110392972A CN113173068A CN 113173068 A CN113173068 A CN 113173068A CN 202110392972 A CN202110392972 A CN 202110392972A CN 113173068 A CN113173068 A CN 113173068A
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sofc
combustion engine
internal combustion
flow control
control valve
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魏明锐
葛浩
刘毅辉
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Priority to CN202110392972.XA priority Critical patent/CN113173068A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a power mixing device and an operation starting method thereof, wherein the power mixing device comprises the following steps: the fuel tank, the internal combustion engine, the reformer, the SOFC stack, the motor, the super capacitor and the controller are sequentially communicated, the fuel reformed by the reformer is conveyed to the anode of the SOFC stack, the steam generated by the SOFC stack reaction is conveyed to the reformer, and the cathode of the SOFC stack is communicated with oxygen; the SOFC stack is electrically connected with the electric motor; the super capacitor is electrically connected with the first liquid flow control valve and the motor; the controller is used for controlling the action of the whole system. The invention supplies energy to the automobile by combining the SOFC and the internal combustion engine, recovers braking energy by the super capacitor, and utilizes the energy of the super capacitor to assist the starting, thereby improving the overall utilization efficiency of the energy and reducing the carbon emission.

Description

Power mixing device and operation starting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid electric vehicle research and development, in particular to a power hybrid device and an operation starting method thereof.
Background
Many automobile companies at home and abroad are developing hybrid automobiles, and the hybrid type is used most at present. But with the rapid development of economy, the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution become more serious; meanwhile, the storage battery has hard requirements on charging piles and the like, and is not suitable for being used in large areas nationwide at present. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is mostly applied to automobiles, but the problems that the construction of a hydrogen refueling station and the safety of hydrogen storage need noble metals such as platinum as a catalyst and the like cannot be solved.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), besides using hydrogen fuel, can also directly use various multi-component fuels such as coal gas, natural gas, biomass gas and the like, have wide fuel adaptability and are very easy to be compatible with the existing energy supply system; meanwhile, the SOFC has higher power generation efficiency (5-60% of primary power generation efficiency and 90% of total efficiency of combined heat and power); the device has an all-solid structure and long service life (currently 8 ten thousand hours); no noble metal catalyst is needed, and the equipment cost and the power generation cost are lower. The SOFC technology is applied to the field of new energy automobiles, so that the advantages of the SOFC technology can be complemented, the existing liquid fuel (methanol, diesel oil, ethanol, propane and the like) can be directly used, and the low-power fuel cell system has long-distance endurance mileage; particularly, the rigid requirements of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles on the construction of hydrogen stations and lithium ion battery electric vehicles on the construction of charging piles can be overcome, and the method is an important development direction of new energy automobiles in the future. Compared with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells can directly use carbon-containing fuels such as natural gas and coal gas. For liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel oil, methanol, ethanol, propane, liquefied natural gas, and the like, it is only necessary to add a reformer before the cell stack to reform the liquid fuel into a synthetic gas mixed fuel, and the synthetic gas mixed fuel can be supplied to the SOFC for use.
SOFCs, however, have their own drawbacks, the biggest problem of which is high operating temperatures. Therefore, how to overcome the problems of long start-up time, slow reaction and the like from the technical aspect is the key point for applying the SOFC to the automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a power hybrid apparatus and an operation starting method thereof, which adopt a hybrid technology, greatly improve the energy utilization rate, overcome the problem of long start time of SOFC, and realize long-distance transportation of automobiles.
One aspect of the present invention provides an internal combustion engine-solid oxide fuel cell power hybrid apparatus, including:
a fuel tank;
the fuel tank is communicated with the internal combustion engine through a first pipeline, and a liquid flow control valve is arranged on the first pipeline;
a reformer in communication with the internal combustion engine through a second conduit;
the SOFC stack is communicated with the reformer through a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline, a first gas flow control valve and a second gas flow control valve are respectively arranged on the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline, the third pipeline is used for conveying fuel reformed by the reformer to an anode of the SOFC stack, the fourth pipeline is used for conveying steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC stack to the reformer, and a cathode of the SOFC stack is communicated with oxygen;
an electric motor, the SOFC stack being electrically connected to the electric motor for powering the electric motor;
a super capacitor electrically connected to the liquid flow control valve and the motor;
and the controller is electrically connected with the internal combustion engine, the liquid flow control valve, the reformer, the first gas flow control valve, the second gas flow control valve, the SOFC pile, the motor and the super capacitor.
Further, the fuel tank is a methanol fuel tank.
The SOFC electric pile is communicated with the SOFC electric pile through a fifth pipeline, a third gas flow control valve is arranged on the fifth pipeline, and the third gas flow control valve is connected with the controller.
Further, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the SOFC and sending a detection signal to the controller.
Further, the SOFC electric stack further comprises a cooling device, and the cooling device is used for cooling the SOFC electric stack.
Further, cooling device includes condenser, cooling valve and water storage tank, cooling valve, condenser and loop through the pipeline intercommunication between the SOFC pile.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for starting operation of a power hybrid apparatus, including:
s1: when the vehicle is started, if the super capacitor has residual electric quantity, the controller controls the liquid flow valve to be opened, the fuel in the fuel storage tank is conveyed to the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine and the motor simultaneously output power, and the vehicle is quickly started; if the super capacitor has no residual capacity, the internal combustion engine drives wheels to move independently, and the heat discharged by the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the SOFC for electric propulsion so as to quickly reach the working temperature;
s2: when the SOFC stack reaches the working temperature, the controller sends a signal, the first gas flow control valve is opened, the fuel is heated and vaporized by the internal combustion engine and then enters the reformer, the reformer reforms the fuel and then enters the anode of the SOFC stack through the first gas flow control valve, oxygen is input to the cathode of the SOFC, and part of steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC stack returns to the reformer through the second gas flow control valve;
s3: the SOFC pile supplies power to the motor, and the motor and the internal combustion engine simultaneously output power to drive the vehicle to run under the control of the controller.
Further, the power mixing device further comprises a temperature sensor;
the step S2 specifically includes: when the temperature sensor detects that the SOFC pile reaches the working temperature, the controller sends a signal, the first gas flow control valve is opened, the fuel enters the reformer after being heated and vaporized by the internal combustion engine, the fuel enters the anode of the SOFC pile through the first gas flow control valve after being reformed by the reformer, oxygen is input to the cathode of the SOFC pile, and part of steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC pile returns to the reformer.
Further, the power mixing device also comprises a cooling device, the cooling device comprises a condenser, a cooling valve and a water storage tank, and the water storage tank, the cooling valve, the condenser and the SOFC galvanic pile are communicated in sequence through pipelines;
the operation starting method of the power hybrid device further comprises the following steps:
s4: the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the SOFC galvanic pile, if the temperature is too high, the controller opens the cooling water valve, and cooling water is cooled to the SOFC galvanic pile through the condenser so as to keep the SOFC galvanic pile within a normal working temperature range.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s5: when the vehicle is braked, if the super capacitor is not fully charged, the super capacitor recovers the redundant electric quantity for the next starting or emergency use;
s6: when the controller detects that the SOFC power generation system or the internal combustion engine fails simultaneously, an alarm is sent, the internal combustion engine and the SOFC fuel supply system are cut off, and meanwhile, the super capacitor is switched to start energy supply for emergency use of the automobile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the power mixing device and the operation starting method thereof provided by the invention jointly supply energy to the automobile through the SOFC and the internal combustion engine, and the braking energy is recovered through the super capacitor, and the energy of the super capacitor is utilized to assist the starting, so that the overall utilization efficiency of the energy is improved, and the carbon emission is reduced. And the SOFC is preheated by high-temperature tail gas generated by the internal combustion engine, so that the problem that a large amount of heat is needed for the SOFC to be preheated during starting is solved, and the heat of the automobile tail gas is recycled. By recycling the tail gas of the SOFC anode to participate in reforming, the supply of water in the reforming process is ensured, and the fuel utilization rate is improved. By means of the combined energy supply mode of the SOFC and the internal combustion engine, the fuel utilization rate is improved, carbon emission is reduced, and the problem of SOFC preheating is solved. The fuel used by the SOFC in the working method is methanol which is easier to obtain compared with hydrogen, and the overall operation cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power mixing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of the reference numerals
The system comprises a 1-methanol fuel tank, a 2-liquid flow control valve, a 3-internal combustion engine, a 4-temperature sensor, a 5-blower, a 6-reformer, a 7-super capacitor, an 8-motor, a 9-DC/DC converter, a 10-second gas flow control valve, a 11-first gas flow control valve, a 12-SOFC pile, a 13-controller, a 14-third gas flow control valve, a 15-condenser, a 16-cooling valve and a 17-water storage tank.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power mixing device including a fuel tank 1; the fuel tank 1 stores fuel for operating an internal combustion engine, the fuel can be used as a fuel source for the SOFC stack reaction, the fuel can be methanol, diesel oil, ethanol, propane, etc., and the fuel tank is a methanol fuel tank in the embodiment described by taking methanol as an example.
The fuel tank 1 is communicated with the internal combustion engine 3 through a first pipeline, and a liquid flow control valve 2 is arranged on the first pipeline. The liquid flow control valve 2 is opened and closed to control the methanol in the fuel tank 1 to be delivered to the internal combustion engine 3 to supply fuel. The tail gas emission of the internal combustion engine 3 has two lines, one line is used for heating the SOFC stack 12 to enable the SOFC stack to reach the working temperature quickly, and the other line is used for heating the reformer 6 through the reformer 6 without passing through the SOFC stack 12 to ensure the heat supply in the reforming process of the reformer 6.
A reformer 6, wherein the reformer 6 communicates with the internal combustion engine 3 through a second conduit. Meanwhile, the fuel can be heated and vaporized by the internal combustion engine and then enters the reformer 6 for reforming. Taking the vaporized methanol fuel as an example, the reforming process of the reformer 6 is as follows:
the decomposition and conversion reaction of methanol in the steam reforming process is accomplished in two steps:
1) decomposition reaction
The decomposition reaction is an endothermic reaction process, and needs to be carried out at a high temperature of 621 ℃, and the high temperature can accelerate the decomposition reaction of the catalyst, and the decomposition reaction is as follows:
CH3OH→2H2+CO
2) conversion reaction
The conversion reaction is a slightly exothermic reaction process, and is required to be carried out at a high temperature of about 200 ℃, and the higher the ratio of H2O to CO, the more complete the reaction is, and the conversion reaction is as follows:
CO+H2O→H2+CO2
3) the overall reforming chemistry of methanol in the steam reformer.
The overall chemical reaction of methanol in the steam reformer is as follows:
CH3OH+H2O→3H2+CO2
h produced by the reaction2And CO2Enters the SOFC pile and reacts to generate electric energy and water vapor.
A SOFC stack 12, the SOFC stack 12 and the reformer 6 being communicated with each other by a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline, the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline being respectively provided with a first gas flow control valve 11 and a second gas flow control valve 10, the third pipeline being used for delivering the fuel reformed by the reformer 6 to the anode of the SOFC stack 12, and the fourth pipeline being used for delivering the steam generated by the SOFC stack 12 reaction to the anodeA reformer 6, the cathode of the SOFC stack 12 being in communication with oxygen. H at the anode of the SOFC stack 122And O of the cathode2An oxidation-reduction reaction takes place to generate electrical energy, with the production of water vapor. Part of the water vapor generated by the SOFC anode is introduced into the reformer 6, so that the source of the water in the reforming process is ensured, and the reforming efficiency is ensured.
An electric motor 8, the SOFC stack 12 being electrically connected with the electric motor 8 for supplying power to the electric motor 8. The electric motor 8 is powered by a super capacitor during the start-up phase of the vehicle.
A super capacitor 7, wherein the super capacitor 7 is electrically connected with the liquid flow control valve 2 and the motor 8; during the start-up phase of the vehicle, the electric power of the electric motor 8 is provided by the supercapacitor 7.
And a controller 13, wherein the controller 13 is electrically connected to the internal combustion engine 3, the liquid flow control valve 2, the reformer 6, the first gas flow control valve 11, the second gas flow control valve 10, the SOFC stack 12, the electric motor 8, and the supercapacitor 7. The controller 13 is responsible for regulating and controlling each part of the automobile in the normal working process, so that the parts can be started and closed under proper conditions, and the normal working of each element of the automobile and the overall coordination and safety are guaranteed.
The temperature sensor 4 detects the temperature of the SOFC during operation, and when the temperature of the SOFC reaches an operating range, sends a signal to the controller 13 to cause the controller 13 to start the SOFC stack 12.
And the cooling device is used for cooling the SOFC electric stack 12 and preventing the temperature of the SOFC electric stack 12 from being overhigh. Specifically, the condenser 15 is communicated with the water storage tank 17 and the cooling valve 16 through pipelines to form a cooling device, water is pumped out of the water storage tank 17, passes through various places needing cooling through the pipelines, then flows into the water storage tank 17 after being cooled and heated by the condenser 15, and after receiving a signal sent by control, the cooling water valve controls the heat dissipation strength of various components by adjusting the water flow so as to ensure that various system components are in a normal working temperature range.
The air blower 5 is communicated with the SOFC stack 12 through a fifth pipeline, a third gas flow control valve 14 is arranged on the fifth pipeline, the third gas flow control valve 14 is connected with the controller 13, and the air blower 5 is used for blowing air into the cathode of the SOFC stack 12 through the fifth pipeline and the third gas flow control valve 14.
In the working state of the vehicle, the specific working method is as follows:
step 1: when the vehicle is started, the controller 13 controls the fuel flow valve 2 to be opened if the super capacitor 11 has the residual capacity, the fuel in the fuel storage tank 1 is conveyed to the internal combustion engine 3, and the internal combustion engine 3 and the motor 8 simultaneously carry out power output, so that the vehicle can be started quickly; if the super capacitor 11 has no residual capacity, the internal combustion engine 3 drives the wheels to move independently. Once the internal combustion engine 3 is operating, the heat emitted by the internal combustion engine is fed to the SOFC stack 8 in order to bring it quickly to operating temperature.
Step 2: when the temperature sensor 4 detects that the SOFC pile 12 reaches the working temperature, the controller 13 sends a signal, the fuel control valve 11 is opened, and the SOFC fuel supply system starts to supply fuel and oxygen to the anode and the cathode of the SOFC pile respectively. Wherein, the methanol is heated and gasified by the internal combustion engine 3, reformed by the reformer 6 and then conveyed to the anode; the water vapor generated by the anode reaction of the SOFC electric stack 12 is partially led into the reformer 6 to ensure the water supply in the reforming process.
And step 3: the SOFC stack 12 supplies power to the electric motor 8 via the DC/DC converter 9. At the moment, the controller 13 controls the electric motor 8 and the internal combustion engine 3 to simultaneously output power to drive the vehicle to run, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved.
And 4, step 4: the temperature sensor 4 monitors the temperature of the SOFC electric stack 12 at any time, if the temperature is too high, the controller 13 opens the cooling water valve 16, and the cooling water 1 is cooled by the SOFC electric stack 12 through the condenser 15, so that the SOFC electric stack is always within a normal working temperature range.
And 5: when the vehicle is braked and the super capacitor is not fully charged, the super capacitor 11 recovers the surplus electric quantity for the next starting or emergency use. It is to be explained here that during braking, the SOFC is de-energized and the wheels are still rotating, while the electric motor acts as a generator to store electrical energy in the supercapacitor.
Step 6: when the controller 13 detects that the SOFC power generation system or the internal combustion engine is simultaneously out of service, an alarm is issued to shut off the internal combustion engine and the SOFC fuel supply system, and switch to the supercapacitor 11 to start supplying energy for emergency use by the vehicle.
The working method jointly supplies energy to the automobile through the SOFC electric pile 12 and the internal combustion engine 3, recovers braking energy through the super capacitor 7, and utilizes the energy of the super capacitor 7 to assist in starting, so that the overall utilization efficiency of the energy is improved, and the carbon emission is reduced. And the SOFC electric pile 12 is preheated by high-temperature tail gas generated by the internal combustion engine 3, so that the problem that a large amount of heat is needed for the start preheating of the SOFC electric pile 12 is solved, and the heat of the automobile tail gas is recycled. By recycling the tail gas of the anode of the SOFC stack 12 to participate in reforming, the supply of water in the reforming process is ensured, and the fuel utilization rate is improved. By means of the combined energy supply mode of the SOFC electric stack 12 and the internal combustion engine 3, the fuel utilization rate is improved, carbon emission is reduced, and the problem of SOFC preheating is solved. The fuel used by the SOFC in the working method is methanol which is easier to obtain compared with hydrogen, and the overall operation cost is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A power mixing device, comprising:
a fuel tank;
the fuel tank is communicated with the internal combustion engine through a first pipeline, and a liquid flow control valve is arranged on the first pipeline;
a reformer in communication with the internal combustion engine through a second conduit;
the SOFC stack is communicated with the reformer through a third pipeline and a fourth pipeline, a first gas flow control valve and a second gas flow control valve are respectively arranged on the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline, the third pipeline is used for conveying fuel reformed by the reformer to an anode of the SOFC stack, the fourth pipeline is used for conveying steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC stack to the reformer, and a cathode of the SOFC stack is communicated with oxygen;
an electric motor, the SOFC stack being electrically connected to the electric motor for powering the electric motor;
a super capacitor electrically connected to the liquid flow control valve and the motor;
and the controller is electrically connected with the internal combustion engine, the liquid flow control valve, the reformer, the first gas flow control valve, the second gas flow control valve, the SOFC pile, the motor and the super capacitor.
2. The power mixing device of claim 1, wherein the fuel tank is a methanol fuel tank.
3. The power mixing device of claim 1, further comprising a blower, wherein the blower is communicated with the SOFC stack through a fifth pipeline, a third gas flow control valve is arranged on the fifth pipeline, and the third gas flow control valve is connected with the controller.
4. The power mixing device of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the SOFC stack and sending a sensed signal to the controller.
5. The power mixing device of claim 1, further comprising a cooling device for cooling the SOFC stack.
6. The power mixing device of claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a condenser, a cooling valve and a water storage tank, and the water storage tank, the cooling valve, the condenser and the SOFC stack are sequentially communicated through a pipeline.
7. A method of starting operation of the power mixing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: when the vehicle is started, if the super capacitor has residual electric quantity, the controller controls the liquid flow valve to be opened, the fuel in the fuel storage tank is conveyed to the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine and the motor simultaneously output power, and the vehicle is quickly started; if the super capacitor has no residual capacity, the internal combustion engine drives wheels to move independently, and the heat discharged by the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the SOFC for electric propulsion so as to quickly reach the working temperature;
s2: when the SOFC stack reaches the working temperature, the controller sends a signal, the first gas flow control valve is opened, the fuel is heated and vaporized by the internal combustion engine and then enters the reformer, the reformer reforms the fuel and then enters the anode of the SOFC stack through the first gas flow control valve, oxygen is input to the cathode of the SOFC, and part of steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC stack returns to the reformer through the second gas flow control valve;
s3: the SOFC pile supplies power to the motor, and the motor and the internal combustion engine simultaneously output power to drive the vehicle to run under the control of the controller.
8. The operation starting method of the power mixing device according to claim 7, characterized in that the power mixing device further comprises a temperature sensor;
the step S2 specifically includes: when the temperature sensor detects that the SOFC pile reaches the working temperature, the controller sends a signal, the first gas flow control valve is opened, the fuel enters the reformer after being heated and vaporized by the internal combustion engine, the fuel enters the anode of the SOFC pile through the first gas flow control valve after being reformed by the reformer, oxygen is input to the cathode of the SOFC pile, and part of steam generated by the reaction of the SOFC pile returns to the reformer.
9. The operation starting method of the power mixing device according to claim 8, further comprising a cooling device, wherein the cooling device comprises a condenser, a cooling valve and a water storage tank, and the water storage tank, the cooling valve, the condenser and the SOFC stack are communicated with each other through pipelines in sequence;
the operation starting method of the power hybrid device further comprises the following steps:
s4: the temperature sensor monitors the SOFC galvanic pile temperature, if the temperature is too high, the controller opens the cooling valve, and cooling water is cooled to the SOFC galvanic pile through the condenser so as to keep the SOFC galvanic pile within a normal working temperature range.
10. The operation starting method of the power hybrid device according to claim 8, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
s5: when the vehicle is braked, if the super capacitor is not fully charged, the super capacitor recovers the redundant electric quantity for the next starting or emergency use;
s6: when the controller detects that the SOFC power generation system or the internal combustion engine fails simultaneously, an alarm is sent, the internal combustion engine and the SOFC fuel supply system are cut off, and meanwhile, the super capacitor is switched to start energy supply for emergency use of the automobile.
CN202110392972.XA 2021-04-13 2021-04-13 Power mixing device and operation starting method thereof Pending CN113173068A (en)

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