JP2007113226A - Soil improving method - Google Patents

Soil improving method Download PDF

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JP2007113226A
JP2007113226A JP2005304097A JP2005304097A JP2007113226A JP 2007113226 A JP2007113226 A JP 2007113226A JP 2005304097 A JP2005304097 A JP 2005304097A JP 2005304097 A JP2005304097 A JP 2005304097A JP 2007113226 A JP2007113226 A JP 2007113226A
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slag
soil
calcium aluminate
cao
caf
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JP4754318B2 (en
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Shogo Matsumura
省吾 松村
Ryuji Nakao
隆二 中尾
Mamoru Yamada
衛 山田
Tetsuya Yamamoto
哲也 山本
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Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp
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  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil improving method for using slag itself as a soil improving material. <P>SOLUTION: In this soil improving method, calcium aluminate slag having hydraulicity is added to a powder deposited layer and is mixed with the powder deposited layer to spread uniformly and water is added to harden it in order to improve the powder deposited layer. In this soil improving method, soil and calcium aluminate slag having hydraulicity are mixed and water is added to harden it in order to improve the soil. The calcium aluminate slag contains Al<SB>2</SB>O<SB>3</SB>of 20 to 40%, CaO of 30 to 60%, and SiO<SB>2</SB>of 3 to 15% by mass%. The calcium aluminate slag contains Al<SB>2</SB>O<SB>3</SB>of 25 to 45%, (CaO+CaF<SB>2</SB>)/Al<SB>2</SB>O<SB>3</SB>of 1.1 to 2.0, and CaF<SB>2</SB>of 2 to 6% by mass%. Soil is improved by using the slag having hydraulicity to solidify powder and reinforce soft ground inexpensively, thereby improving the soil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、粉体堆積層の改質、あるいは土壌の改質を目的とする土壌改良方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a soil improvement method for the purpose of modifying a powder accumulation layer or modifying a soil.

粉体を扱う工場の周辺において、屋外に粉体を堆積しておくと、その粉体堆積層が固化せず、周囲の環境を悪化させる原因となることがある。粉体堆積層の敷地がセメント張りされていれば、粉体堆積層のみを撤去することも可能であるが、セメント張りされていない地表面に粉体が堆積している場合には、地表面の土壌と粉体堆積層とをうまく分離して撤去することが困難となる。   When powder is deposited outdoors in the vicinity of a factory that handles powder, the powder deposition layer does not solidify, which may cause the surrounding environment to deteriorate. If the site of the powder accumulation layer is cemented, it is possible to remove only the powder deposition layer, but if the powder is deposited on the ground surface that is not cemented, the ground surface It is difficult to separate and remove the soil and the powder accumulation layer of the soil.

大雨時に崩壊の恐れのある傾斜地などの地盤においては、崩壊を防止するため、地盤を固化することができれば好ましい。   In the case of ground such as sloped land that may collapse during heavy rain, it is preferable if the ground can be solidified in order to prevent collapse.

建設現場からの発生土のような土壌は、水分を多量に含み流動性があり、そのままでは運搬、輸送が困難である。   Soil such as generated soil from a construction site contains a large amount of water and is fluid, and as such is difficult to transport and transport.

以上のような粉体堆積層の改質、地盤の固化、発生土壌の改質を目的として、土壌などに固化剤を添加して改質する土壌改良方法が用いられる。一般に土壌改良材には、アーウィン、ポルトランドセメント、高炉スラグとポルトランドセメントとの混合物、ジェットセメントや石灰、又はそれらを主成分としているものが用いられており、特に、石膏やスラグ等を2〜3種類混合したものが一般に広く使用されている。しかし、上記の土壌改良材は、強度の発現が遅く、混入量を多くした場合には長期強度が過度に増進してしまっていた。   In order to improve the powder accumulation layer, solidify the ground, and improve the generated soil as described above, a soil improvement method in which a solidifying agent is added to the soil or the like to improve the soil is used. In general, as soil improvement materials, Irwin, Portland cement, a mixture of blast furnace slag and Portland cement, jet cement or lime, or those containing them as a main component are used. A mixture of types is generally widely used. However, the above-mentioned soil improvement material has a slow onset of strength, and when the mixing amount is increased, the long-term strength is excessively increased.

特に含水率や含有機物率が高い土壌では、従来の土壌改良材では強度発現性が著しく悪くなる。このため、地盤改良材にスラグや石膏を混合して、エトリンガイト水和物を生成させて強度発現の改善を図ることも行われるが、地盤改良材の性能は、含まれるスラグの品質に大きく左右され、特に微粉スラグを用いないと、強度の発現が悪い場合がある。さらに、地盤改良材中に含有させたスラグの水和反応が遅いため、強度発現までに長時間を有する。   In particular, in soil having a high water content and content rate, strength development is significantly worsened by conventional soil improvement materials. For this reason, slag or gypsum is mixed with the ground improvement material to generate ettringite hydrate to improve the strength development, but the performance of the ground improvement material greatly depends on the quality of the slag contained. In particular, if fine powder slag is not used, the strength may be poorly expressed. Furthermore, since the hydration reaction of the slag contained in the ground improvement material is slow, it takes a long time to develop strength.

そこで特許文献1においては、水及び/又は有機分を多量に含んだ土壌を迅速に安定処理できる地盤改良材として、カルシウムアルミネートを10重量%以上含みかつ、3CaO・SiO2を5〜20重量%含有することを特徴とする地盤改良材が提案されている。 Therefore, in Patent Document 1, as a ground improvement material capable of quickly and stably treating soil containing a large amount of water and / or organic components, it contains 10 wt% or more of calcium aluminate and 5 to 20 wt of 3CaO · SiO 2. A ground improvement material characterized in that it is contained is proposed.

また特許文献2においては、軟弱地盤を形成する軟弱土に、スラグと、水ガラスおよび/またはアルミン酸ソーダとからなる固結材を混合し、固結させることを特徴とする軟弱地盤の処理方法が記載されている。   Moreover, in patent document 2, the soft ground which forms soft ground mixes the solidified material which consists of slag and water glass and / or sodium aluminate, and is made to solidify, The processing method of the soft ground characterized by the above-mentioned. Is described.

特開2004−155833号公報JP 2004-155833 A 特開平9−40950号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-40950

土壌改良材として従来知られているものは、土壌改良材の一部としてスラグを混合するものは存在したが、スラグそのものを土壌改良材とするものは提案されていない。スラグそのものを土壌改良材とすることができれば、安価に土壌改良を行うことができ、好ましい。   Although what was conventionally known as a soil improvement material has mixed slag as a part of soil improvement material, the thing which uses slag itself as a soil improvement material is not proposed. If the slag itself can be used as a soil improvement material, it is possible to improve the soil at low cost, which is preferable.

本発明は、スラグそのものを土壌改良材として用いることのできる土壌改良方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the soil improvement method which can use slag itself as a soil improvement material.

即ち、本発明の要旨とするところは以下のとおりである。
(1)粉体堆積層に水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを加え、粉体堆積層と混合して敷き均し、水を加えて硬化させて粉体堆積層を改質することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。
(2)土壌と水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを混合し、水を加えて硬化させて土壌を改質することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。
(3)水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが、質量%でAl23:20〜40%、CaO:30〜60%、SiO2:3〜15%含有することを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載の土壌改良方法。
(4)水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが、質量%でAl23:25〜45%、(CaO+CaF2)/Al23:1.1〜2.0、CaF2:2〜6%含有することを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載の土壌改良方法。
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) It is characterized by adding hydraulic calcium aluminate slag to the powder accumulation layer, mixing with the powder accumulation layer, leveling, adding water to cure and modifying the powder accumulation layer Soil improvement method.
(2) A soil improvement method, wherein soil and hydraulic calcium aluminate slag are mixed, water is added and hardened to modify the soil.
(3) The calcium aluminate-based slag having hydraulic properties contains Al 2 O 3 : 20 to 40%, CaO: 30 to 60%, SiO 2 : 3 to 15% by mass% ( The soil improvement method as described in 1) or (2).
(4) Calcium aluminate-based slag having hydraulic properties is Al 2 O 3 : 25 to 45% in mass%, (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 : 1.1 to 2.0, CaF 2 : 2 The soil improvement method as described in said (1) or (2) characterized by containing 6%.

本発明において水硬性を有するとは、水との化学反応で水和物を形成し、凝結し硬化する性質をいう。また本発明においてカルシウムアルミネート系スラグとは、鉄の製造工程において副産される鉄鋼スラグであり、鉄鋼の脱酸剤としてアルミニウムを使用した時に発生するアルミナ高含有スラグであって、スラグの主成分が12CaO・7Al23,11CaO・7Al23・CaF2,3CaO・Al23,CaO・Al23などのカルシウムアルミネートであるという特徴を有するスラグをいう。 In the present invention, having hydraulic property means a property of forming a hydrate by a chemical reaction with water, condensing and curing. Further, in the present invention, calcium aluminate-based slag is steel slag by-produced in the iron production process, and is a high alumina-containing slag generated when aluminum is used as a deoxidizer for steel. component refers to a slag having a characteristic that is calcium aluminate such as 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3, 11CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 · CaF 2, 3CaO · Al 2 O 3, CaO · Al 2 O 3.

本発明は、粉体堆積層や土壌などについて水硬性を有するスラグを用いて改質することにより、安価に粉体の固化や軟弱地盤の強化をはかって土壌を改良することができる。   The present invention can improve the soil by inexpensively solidifying the powder and strengthening the soft ground by modifying the powder deposit layer and the soil with a hydraulic slag.

本発明の土壌改良方法においては、水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを用いる。カルシウムアルミネート系スラグを用いる理由は、鉄鋼スラグにおいて特に強い水硬性を有する成分範囲がカルシウムアルミネート系スラグに存在するからである。一般の鉄鋼スラグの多くがカルシウムシリケート系スラグであり、これらは酸化カルシウムと二酸化珪素の含有比率である塩基度が高い場合に水硬性が有るものの強度が低く、石膏などを混合するか、また、スラグを微粉にすることにより強度を向上する必要があった。一方、カルシウムアルミネート系スラグは鉄の製造工程において副産される鉄鋼スラグを特定範囲の成分系に選別することでスラグをそのまま使用することができ経済的である。また、スラグは水硬性を有するので、粉体堆積層や土壌と混合して水を加えると、粉体堆積層や土壌を硬化させることができる。   In the soil improvement method of the present invention, calcium aluminate slag having hydraulic properties is used. The reason for using calcium aluminate slag is that a component range having particularly strong hydraulic properties in steel slag exists in calcium aluminate slag. Most of the general steel slag is calcium silicate slag, which has low hydraulic strength when the basicity, which is the content ratio of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide, is high, mix gypsum, etc. It was necessary to improve the strength by making the slag fine. On the other hand, calcium aluminate-based slag is economical because slag can be used as it is by selecting steel slag produced as a by-product in the iron production process into a specific component system. Moreover, since slag has hydraulic property, when it mixes with a powder deposit layer and soil and water is added, a powder deposit layer and soil can be hardened.

本発明において粉体堆積層とは、製造工場などで使用される粉末原料、工場から発生する粉末副産物、発生粉塵、外部で飛散する埃などの粉体が堆積した層を意味する。これらの粉体を扱う工場の周辺において、屋外に粉体を堆積しておくと、強風時に堆積層が飛散したり、雨天時には泥沼状になったりし、周囲の環境を悪化させる原因となることがある。粉体堆積層の敷地がセメント張りされていれば、粉体堆積層のみを撤去することも可能であるが、セメント張りされていない地表面に粉体が堆積している場合には、地表面の土壌と粉体堆積層とをうまく分離して撤去することが困難となる。   In the present invention, the powder accumulation layer means a layer in which powders such as powder raw materials used in manufacturing factories, powder by-products generated from the factories, generated dust, dust scattered outside, and the like are accumulated. If powder is deposited outdoors in the vicinity of factories that handle these powders, the deposited layer may scatter during strong winds, or may become swampy when it rains, causing the surrounding environment to deteriorate. There is. If the site of the powder accumulation layer is cemented, it is possible to remove only the powder deposition layer, but if the powder is deposited on the ground surface that is not cemented, the ground surface It is difficult to separate and remove the soil and the powder accumulation layer of the soil.

本発明は、粉体堆積層に水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを加え、粉体堆積層と混合して敷き均し、水を加えて硬化させて粉体堆積層を改質することができる。ここにおいて、粉体堆積層に敷くスラグの粒度は、堆積層の厚みの3分の1程度以下に調整する。敷き均した後に表面に塊状が露出することは望ましくなく、5mm以下の粒径が望ましい。スラグと粉体堆積層との混合は、具体的には粉体が堆積している層の上にカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを加え、グランドレーキ、トンボなどのように堆積層とスラグが混合できるような道具を利用して均一になるように混合する。粉体堆積層が厚く、領域が広い場合などでは、重機を利用して一旦堆積層を集めてカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを均一になるように混合した後敷き均しすると良い。粉体堆積層に対するスラグの混合率は、粉体堆積層の性状(成分、粒度等)と堆積厚みを考慮し、事前に粉体堆積層とカルシウムアルミネート系スラグの配合率を変えて強度を把握して決めることができる。カルシウムアルミネート系スラグの混合率を高めると硬化した層の強度が高くなり一体化した層に改質することができる。またカルシウムアルミネート系スラグの混合率を下げ硬化した層の強度を低くして硬化層にひび割れを生じさせて砂利状に改質することもできる。また、混合した後の敷き均しは、具体的には面積が狭い時にはグランドレーキ、トンボなどの道具を使用し、広い面積の時には重機を使用すると良い。このような処理を行った後に散水などして水を加えると、粉体とスラグの混合層は硬化し、粉塵発生などの問題を解消することができる。   According to the present invention, a calcium aluminate-based slag having hydraulic properties is added to the powder accumulation layer, mixed with the powder accumulation layer, spread, and cured by adding water to modify the powder accumulation layer. it can. Here, the particle size of the slag spread on the powder accumulation layer is adjusted to about one third or less of the thickness of the accumulation layer. It is not desirable that the lump is exposed on the surface after leveling, and a particle size of 5 mm or less is desirable. Specifically, the mixing of the slag and the powder deposit layer is possible by adding calcium aluminate-based slag on the layer on which the powder is deposited, so that the deposit layer and slag can be mixed like a ground rake or dragonfly. Mix evenly using various tools. In the case where the powder deposit layer is thick and the area is wide, it is preferable to collect the deposit layer once using a heavy machine, mix the calcium aluminate slag so as to be uniform, and then level it. The mixing ratio of slag with respect to the powder accumulation layer takes into account the properties (components, particle size, etc.) of the powder accumulation layer and the deposition thickness, and changes the blending ratio of the powder accumulation layer and calcium aluminate slag in advance to increase the strength. You can grasp and decide. When the mixing ratio of calcium aluminate-based slag is increased, the strength of the cured layer is increased and the layer can be modified into an integrated layer. In addition, the strength of the hardened layer can be lowered by reducing the mixing ratio of the calcium aluminate slag, and the hardened layer can be cracked to be modified into gravel. In addition, it is preferable to use a tool such as a ground rake or a dragonfly when the area is small, and use a heavy machine when the area is large. When water is added by performing watering after such treatment, the mixed layer of powder and slag is cured, and problems such as generation of dust can be solved.

本発明はまた、土壌と水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを混合し、水を加えて硬化させて土壌を改質することができる。ここにおいて土壌に混合するスラグの粒度は、土壌の目的を損なわない範囲で決めることができる。例えば土壌に石が混在しており、その石の混在が土壌の利用目的に適合している範囲であれば、石の大きさ、混在率などを考慮し同程度の粒度のスラグを混在させて使用できる。利用目的に副えばそれ以上のスラグ粒度も混在させることができる。スラグと土壌との混合は、具体的には土壌とスラグをショベルカーなどの重機を使用して混合すると良い。また必要に応じてより均一な混合が必要な場合は混練機などを利用して混合すると良い。土壌に対するスラグの混合率は、土壌の性状、スラグの粒径、利用目的を考慮し、事前に土壌とスラグの混合率を変えて強度を把握して決めることができる。軟弱な土壌を強固にしたい場合にはスラグの配合率を高めると良い。軟弱土壌の強度を補完する程度に高め、土壌の土の性状を残したい場合には混合率を適度に低めると良い。このような処理を行った後の土壌に水を加えると、土壌とスラグの混合層は硬化し、傾斜地などの地盤であればその崩壊を防止することができ、建設現場からの発生土のような土壌は運搬、輸送が容易になる。   In the present invention, soil and hydraulic calcium aluminate-based slag can be mixed, and water can be added and hardened to modify the soil. Here, the particle size of the slag mixed with the soil can be determined within a range that does not impair the purpose of the soil. For example, if there is a mixture of stones in the soil and the mixture of the stones is suitable for the purpose of use of the soil, slag of the same particle size should be mixed in consideration of the size of the stone and the mixing ratio. Can be used. If it is subordinate to the purpose of use, a larger slag particle size can be mixed. Specifically, the mixing of the slag and the soil may be performed by mixing the soil and the slag using a heavy machine such as an excavator. Further, if more uniform mixing is necessary, mixing may be performed using a kneader or the like. The mixing ratio of slag to the soil can be determined by grasping the strength in advance by changing the mixing ratio of soil and slag in consideration of the properties of the soil, the particle size of the slag, and the purpose of use. If you want to strengthen the soft soil, you can increase the slag content. If you want to increase the strength of the soft soil and keep the soil properties of the soil, you should lower the mixing rate appropriately. When water is added to the soil after such treatment, the mixed layer of soil and slag hardens, and it can be prevented from collapsing if it is ground such as sloped land, like the generated soil from the construction site Soil is easy to transport and transport.

例えばステンレス鋼の製鋼工程のように、溶鋼の脱酸剤にアルミニウムを使用して脱酸する際に、スラグ中にAl23が生成される。そのAl23を含めスラグの主な組成はCaO:45%、SiO2:4%、Al23:30%の他にMgO:10%程度のカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが形成される。これらのスラグ組成は、製鋼方法などの操業条件により大きく変化する。また、条件によっては、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)を多量に含有するホタル石を使用する場合もある。本発明においては、このようにして生成したカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを用いることができる。 For example, Al 2 O 3 is generated in slag when deoxidizing using aluminum as a deoxidizer for molten steel, as in the steelmaking process of stainless steel. The main composition of slag including Al 2 O 3 is CaO: 45%, SiO 2 : 4%, Al 2 O 3 : 30%, and calcium aluminate slag of about 10% MgO. These slag compositions vary greatly depending on operating conditions such as the steelmaking method. Depending on conditions, fluorite containing a large amount of calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) may be used. In the present invention, the calcium aluminate slag thus produced can be used.

本発明の水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグは、第1の成分組成として、質量%でAl23:20〜40%、CaO:30〜60%、SiO2:3〜15%含有するものとすると好ましい。このようなカルシウムアルミネート系スラグは、上記のようにステンレス鋼の製鋼工程で発生するスラグを用いることができる。 The calcium aluminate slag having hydraulic properties according to the present invention contains, as a first component composition, Al 2 O 3 : 20 to 40%, CaO: 30 to 60%, SiO 2 : 3 to 15% by mass. It is preferable if it is. Such calcium aluminate slag can be slag generated in the steel making process of stainless steel as described above.

本発明者は、上記組成を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが強い水硬性を持ち、かつ従来の普通ポルトランドセメントに比較して同程度以上の水硬性を持つ成分系が存在することを見出した。この組成範囲では、鉄鋼スラグの鉱物組成として、12CaO・7Al23(以下「C127」ともいう。)が主体的に発生し、3CaO・SiO2(以下「C3S」ともいう。)が生成する。これらが水と混練された場合、水和反応が促進され、速い反応速度でかつ強い水硬が生じる。 The present inventor has found that a calcium aluminate-based slag having the above composition has strong hydraulic properties, and there is a component system having hydraulic properties comparable to or higher than conventional ordinary Portland cement. In this composition range, 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 (hereinafter also referred to as “C 12 A 7 ”) is mainly generated as the mineral composition of the steel slag, and 3CaO · SiO 2 (hereinafter also referred to as “C 3 S”). .) Is generated. When these are kneaded with water, the hydration reaction is promoted, resulting in a fast reaction rate and strong hydraulic strength.

本発明スラグの第1の成分組成において、Al23成分については、Al23が20%未満ではC127を生成するためのAl23が不足し、40%超ではC3Sを生成量が不足する。そこで、Al23の範囲を20〜40%とした。CaO成分については、CaOが30%未満ではC127を生成するためのCaOが不足し、60%超ではC127を生成量が不足する。そこで、CaOの範囲を30〜60%とした。SiO2成分については、SiO2が3%未満ではC3Sを生成するためのSiO2が不足し、15%超ではC127を生成量が不足する。そこで、SiO2の範囲を3〜15%とした。 In the first composition of the present invention the slag, for Al 2 O 3 component, Al 2 O 3 is insufficient Al 2 O 3 for producing a C 12 A 7 is less than 20%, C is 40 percent 3 The amount of S generated is insufficient. Therefore, the range of Al 2 O 3 is set to 20 to 40%. As for the CaO component, when CaO is less than 30%, CaO for generating C 12 A 7 is insufficient, and when it exceeds 60%, the amount of C 12 A 7 generated is insufficient. Therefore, the range of CaO is set to 30 to 60%. The SiO 2 component, SiO 2 is insufficient SiO 2 to generate the C 3 S is less than 3%, insufficient production amount of C 12 A 7 is 15 percent. Therefore, the SiO 2 range is set to 3 to 15%.

これらのスラグ組成においてCaO/Al23が1〜2、及びCaO/SiO2が10以下の領域で特に強い水硬特性を示す。CaO/Al23が1より小さい領域ではCaO/SiO2に関わらず3CaO・SiO2が全く発生せず、CaO/Al23が2より大きい領域ではCaO/SiO2に関わらず12CaO・7Al23が生成しない。CaO/SiO2が10以上の領域では、3CaO・SiO2が全く発生しない。CaO/Al23が1〜2、及びCaO/SiO2が10以下の領域で3CaO・SiO2と12CaO・7Al23が最も多く生成する。スラグ中に3CaO・SiO2が生成すると、スラグの冷却中に鉱物の変態に起因してスラグが崩壊し微細粉まで粉化する。この粉化スラグが普通ポルトランドセメントと同等以上の水硬性を有しているため、スラグの粉砕工程など必要とせず、そのまま本発明の水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグとして使用できる。 In these slag compositions, particularly strong hydraulic properties are exhibited in regions where CaO / Al 2 O 3 is 1 to 2 and CaO / SiO 2 is 10 or less. In the region where CaO / Al 2 O 3 is smaller than 1, 3CaO · SiO 2 is not generated at all regardless of CaO / SiO 2, and in the region where CaO / Al 2 O 3 is larger than 2 , 12CaO · SiO 2 is not affected regardless of CaO / SiO 2. 7Al 2 O 3 does not form. In the region where CaO / SiO 2 is 10 or more, 3CaO · SiO 2 is not generated at all. In the region where CaO / Al 2 O 3 is 1 to 2 and CaO / SiO 2 is 10 or less, 3CaO · SiO 2 and 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 are most generated. When 3CaO.SiO 2 is generated in the slag, the slag is collapsed due to the transformation of the mineral during the cooling of the slag and is pulverized to a fine powder. Since this powdered slag has a hydraulic property equal to or higher than that of ordinary Portland cement, it can be used as a calcium aluminate-based slag having the hydraulic property of the present invention as it is without requiring a slag grinding step.

製鋼方法などの操業条件によりスラグ組成中のMgO濃度が変化するが、Al23が20%以上含まれる本発明範囲内ではMgO濃度によるカルシウムアルミネート系鉱物組成に大きな変化がなく、スラグの性質に与える影響はない。 The MgO concentration in the slag composition varies depending on the operating conditions such as the steelmaking method, but within the scope of the present invention in which Al 2 O 3 is contained in an amount of 20% or more, there is no significant change in the calcium aluminate mineral composition due to the MgO concentration. There is no effect on properties.

本発明の水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグは、第2の成分組成として、質量%でAl23:25〜45%、(CaO+CaF2)/Al23:1.1〜2.0、CaF2:2〜6%含有するものとすると好ましい。このようなカルシウムアルミネート系スラグは、上記のようにステンレス鋼の製鋼工程で発生するスラグを用いることができる。 The calcium aluminate slag having hydraulic properties according to the present invention has, as a second component composition, Al 2 O 3 : 25 to 45% by mass%, (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 : 1.1 to 2 . 0, CaF 2 : It is preferable to contain 2 to 6%. Such calcium aluminate slag can be slag generated in the steel making process of stainless steel as described above.

ステンレス鋼の溶製において造滓材にホタル石を使用し、アルミニウム脱酸を行った際に発生するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグについて、スラグを粉砕した上で水硬性の評価を行ったところ、上記のスラグ成分範囲において強い水硬性を持ち、かつ従来の普通ポルトランドセメントに比較して同程度以上の水硬性を持つ成分系が存在することを見出した。また、水硬性を発揮するスラグについてその鉱物組成を調査したところ、上記組成範囲のスラグについては11CaO・7Al23・CaF2(以下「C117・CaF2」ともいう。)とCaO(ライム)を含有していることが明らかとなった。 Calcium aluminate-based slag generated when fluorite was used as a smelting material in smelting of stainless steel, and aluminum deoxidation was performed. It has been found that there is a component system having a strong hydraulic property in the slag component range and having a hydraulic property equal to or higher than that of conventional ordinary Portland cement. Also, When checking its mineral composition for the slag to exert hydraulic, for slag of the above composition range (hereinafter also referred to as "C 11 A 7 · CaF 2".) 11CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 · CaF 2 and CaO It became clear that it contained (lime).

カルシウムアルミネート系スラグが、鉱物組成としてC117・CaF2とCaOを含有していると水硬性を示す理由については、以下のように考えられる。即ち、このような鉱物組成を有するスラグ粉末と水を混練した場合、C117・CaF2が水と反応するとともに、CaOと水との反応によって生成したCa(OH)2がC117・CaF2と反応し、アルミン酸カルシウム水和物を生成し、水硬性を発揮するものと考えられる。超速硬セメントとして知られているセメントは、C117・CaF2ならびにCaSO4の水和反応により水硬性を発揮する。本発明はこのような超速硬セメントと異なり、CaSO4を積極的に含有させないにもかかわらず、良好な水硬性を発揮する点を特徴とする。 The reason why the calcium aluminate-based slag exhibits hydraulic properties when it contains C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 and CaO as a mineral composition is considered as follows. That is, when slag powder having such a mineral composition and water are kneaded, C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 reacts with water and Ca (OH) 2 produced by the reaction between CaO and water becomes C 11 A It is considered that it reacts with 7 · CaF 2 to produce calcium aluminate hydrate and exhibits hydraulic properties. A cement known as an ultrafast cement exhibits hydraulic properties due to a hydration reaction of C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 and CaSO 4 . The present invention is characterized in that it exhibits good hydraulic properties despite the fact that it does not actively contain CaSO 4 , unlike such an ultrafast cement.

次に、スラグの第2の成分組成を限定した根拠について説明する。   Next, the grounds for limiting the second component composition of the slag will be described.

Al23成分については、Al23が25%未満ではC117・CaF2を生成するためのAl23が不足し、45%以上では単独のCaO(ライム)の生成量が不足する。そこで、Al23組成範囲を25〜45%とした。 The Al 2 O 3 component, Al 2 O 3 is insufficient Al 2 O 3 for producing a C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 is less than 25%, the amount of a single CaO (lime) is 45% or more Is lacking. Therefore, the Al 2 O 3 composition range is set to 25 to 45%.

CaO+CaF2成分とAl23成分との比((CaO+CaF2)/Al23)については、1.1未満では必要とする鉱物組成としてのCaO(ライム)が不足し、2.0を超えるとライムが過剰となり相対的にC117・CaF2が少なく、水硬性作用が少なくなる。そこで、(CaO+CaF2)/Al23を1.1〜2.0とした。 Regarding the ratio of CaO + CaF 2 component to Al 2 O 3 component ((CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 ), if less than 1.1, CaO (lime) as a required mineral composition is insufficient, and 2.0 it exceeds the lime becomes excessive relative C 11 a 7 · CaF 2 is small, the hydraulic action is reduced. Therefore, (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 was set to 1.1 to 2.0.

CaF2成分が2%未満では、たとえCaO成分とAl23成分が上記の範囲で含まれていたとしても、鉱物組成としてC117・CaF2を十分に生成させることができず、生成する鉱物は12CaO・7Al23となり、本発明の水硬性を発揮することができない。一方、CaF2成分が6%を超えると、過剰のCaF2が含有されることとなり好ましくない。そこで、CaF2組成範囲を2〜6%とした。 If the CaF 2 component is less than 2%, even if the CaO component and the Al 2 O 3 component are included in the above range, C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 cannot be sufficiently generated as a mineral composition. The produced mineral becomes 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 and cannot exhibit the hydraulic property of the present invention. On the other hand, if the CaF 2 component exceeds 6%, excessive CaF 2 is contained, which is not preferable. Therefore, the CaF 2 composition range is set to 2 to 6%.

カルシウムアルミネート系スラグには、成分としてCaO、Al23、CaF2の他に、SiO2、MgO、Sなどが含有される。本発明においては、スラグ中におけるAl23、CaO、CaF2成分の含有量が合計で75%以上とする。これにより、鉄鋼スラグの水硬性を十分に発揮することができる。 In addition to CaO, Al 2 O 3 and CaF 2 , the calcium aluminate slag contains SiO 2 , MgO, S and the like as components. In the present invention, the total content of Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and CaF 2 components in the slag is 75% or more. Thereby, the hydraulic property of steel slag can fully be exhibited.

本発明の第2の成分組成を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグにおいては、精錬を終了して排滓してから凝固・冷却を完了するまでの間に粉化する場合と、粉化せずに塊状に回収される場合とがある。粉化する場合には、凝固後2週間程度の間に粉化する。本発明の第2の成分組成においては、粉化するスラグよりも塊状のまま回収されるスラグの方が高い水硬性を有することが明らかになった。従って、本発明の成分範囲を有するスラグについて、凝固後に2週間程度放置し、塊状のまま保たれるスラグのみを選別することにより、より高い水硬性を有する水硬性組成物を得ることが可能となる。必要に応じて破砕機などで破砕し粒度調整して使用することができる。   In the calcium aluminate-based slag having the second component composition of the present invention, when pulverizing between completion of refining and evacuation until completion of solidification and cooling, and lump without pulverization May be recovered. When pulverizing, it is pulverized in about 2 weeks after coagulation. In the 2nd component composition of this invention, it became clear that the direction of the slag collect | recovered with the lump form has higher hydraulic property than the slag which pulverizes. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a hydraulic composition having higher hydraulic properties by leaving the slag having the component range of the present invention for about two weeks after solidification and selecting only the slag that remains in a lump. Become. If necessary, it can be crushed with a crusher or the like to adjust the particle size.

本発明の第1、第2の成分組成を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグについて、成分組成と水硬性の関係について評価した。   About the calcium aluminate-type slag which has the 1st, 2nd component composition of this invention, the relationship between a component composition and hydraulic property was evaluated.

ステンレス鋼の精錬工程において、精錬炉内にCaOを添加して高塩基度(CaO/SiO2)側にスラグを調整し、また必要に応じてCaOの一部にスラグの流動性を高めるためにCaF2を添加する。還元期に脱酸材としてアルミニウムを使用し、スラグ中にAl23が生成する。この時に生成するスラグはアルミナ高含有スラグとなり、本発明の対象となるカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが得られる。 In the refining process of stainless steel, to add slag to the high basicity (CaO / SiO 2 ) side by adding CaO into the smelting furnace, and to improve the slag fluidity to a part of CaO as necessary the addition of CaF 2. Aluminum is used as a deoxidizer during the reduction period, and Al 2 O 3 is generated in the slag. The slag produced at this time becomes a high-alumina-containing slag, and a calcium aluminate-based slag that is an object of the present invention is obtained.

精錬を終えたスラグは、スラグパン内に排滓されて回収される。回収したスラグは成分分析を行ない、本発明範囲に合格したスラグを分別保管した。分別したスラグを水に触れない状態で一定期間保管し粉化させる。該スラグを0.3mmの篩いを通して回収し、水硬性組成物とした。また必要に応じて本スラグを粉砕機にて粉砕し0.075mm以下の微粉砕水硬性組成物とした。また、0.3mmの篩い上の塊状スラグも回収し、粉砕機を通して粉砕した後、0.3mm、或いは0.75mmで篩った後、それぞれ水硬性組成物とした。   The slag that has been refined is discharged into the slag pan and collected. The collected slag was subjected to component analysis, and slag that passed the scope of the present invention was stored separately. Store the separated slag for a certain period without touching the water and pulverize it. The slag was recovered through a 0.3 mm sieve to obtain a hydraulic composition. Moreover, this slag was pulverized with a pulverizer as necessary to obtain a finely pulverized hydraulic composition of 0.075 mm or less. Moreover, after collect | recovering the block slag on a 0.3 mm sieve, after grind | pulverizing through a grinder, it sieved by 0.3 mm or 0.75 mm, and was set as the hydraulic composition, respectively.

水硬性の評価方法は、水硬性組成物に水を25%加えて混練し、JIS A 1108に従って圧縮強度試験を実施した。水硬性組成物の本来の強度を把握する為、骨材、細骨材などを配合しないで評価した。圧縮強度が10Nmm2以上であれば、本発明の土壌改良方法に使用したときに土壌改良の効果を発揮することができる。 As a hydraulic evaluation method, 25% of water was added to the hydraulic composition and kneaded, and a compressive strength test was performed according to JIS A 1108. In order to grasp the original strength of the hydraulic composition, it was evaluated without adding aggregate, fine aggregate and the like. If the compressive strength is 10 Nmm 2 or more, the effect of soil improvement can be exhibited when used in the soil improvement method of the present invention.

本発明の第1の成分組成を有するスラグを表1に、第2の成分組成を有するスラグを表2に示す。   Table 1 shows slag having the first component composition of the present invention, and Table 2 shows slag having the second component composition.

Figure 2007113226
Figure 2007113226

表1の本発明例1〜6のスラグの鉱物組成を確認した結果、いずれもC127が主体で C3Sの存在が確認できた。一方、比較例1ではC3Sの存在が確認できないほど少なく、比較例2では、CaO−SiO2系のスラグが主体となり、比較例3ではC127の存在が確認できない。 As a result of confirming the mineral composition of the slags of Invention Examples 1 to 6 in Table 1, it was confirmed that all were mainly C 12 A 7 and the presence of C 3 S. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the presence of C 3 S is so small that it cannot be confirmed. In Comparative Example 2, CaO—SiO 2 -based slag is mainly used, and in Comparative Example 3, the presence of C 12 A 7 cannot be confirmed.

表1の本発明例1〜6は、成分範囲が本発明範囲に入っているので、圧縮強度は良好な値であった。特に、本発明例4〜6はCaO/Al23が1〜2、及びCaO/SiO2が10以下の好適範囲を満たしており、良好な圧縮強度を実現することができた。一方、比較例1はSiO2が低く、比較例2はSiO2が高くAl23が低く、比較例3はSiO2が高く、いずれも圧縮強度が低く、土壌改良材としての効果を発揮することはできない。 In Invention Examples 1 to 6 in Table 1, since the component range is within the range of the present invention, the compressive strength was a good value. In particular, Examples 4 to 6 of the present invention satisfied preferable ranges of CaO / Al 2 O 3 of 1 to 2 and CaO / SiO 2 of 10 or less, and were able to realize good compressive strength. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 has low SiO 2 , Comparative Example 2 has high SiO 2 and low Al 2 O 3 , and Comparative Example 3 has high SiO 2 , both having low compressive strength and exhibiting the effect as a soil conditioner. I can't do it.

Figure 2007113226
Figure 2007113226

表2の本発明例1〜4のスラグの鉱物組成を確認した結果、いずれもC117・CaF2が主体でCaOの存在が確認できた。一方、比較例1ではC117・CaF2が少なく、比較例2では、CaOが多くC117・CaF2が少ない。比較例3ではCaOの存在が確認できない。 As a result of confirming the mineral composition of the slags of Invention Examples 1 to 4 in Table 2, it was confirmed that all were mainly C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 and the presence of CaO. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 has little C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 , and Comparative Example 2 has much CaO and little C 11 A 7 · CaF 2 . In Comparative Example 3, the presence of CaO cannot be confirmed.

表2の本発明例1〜4は、成分範囲が本発明範囲に入っているので、圧縮強度は良好な値であった。一方、比較例1はCaF2成分が低すぎ、比較例2はAl23成分が低く(CaO+CaF2)/Al23が範囲から外れ、比較例3はCaF2成分とAl23成分が高くかつ(CaO+CaF2)/Al23が範囲から外れ、いずれも圧縮強度が低く、土壌改良材としての効果を発揮することはできない。 In Invention Examples 1 to 4 in Table 2, since the component range is within the range of the present invention, the compressive strength was a good value. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the CaF 2 component is too low, in Comparative Example 2, the Al 2 O 3 component is low (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 is out of the range, and in Comparative Example 3, the CaF 2 component and Al 2 O 3 are out of range. The component is high and (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 is out of the range, both of which have low compressive strength and cannot exhibit the effect as a soil improver.

コンクリート廃材の再生工場において、工事現場から回収したコンクリート廃材を破砕して粒度調整する際に、破砕時の粉塵が破砕機周辺に漏れ長い間に堆積していた。破砕機の基礎部はコンクリート施工しているが、周辺は土のままで10mm以下の粉体が5cm程度堆積し、風による飛散と雨天時に泥状となり環境が悪化していた。   In the concrete waste recycling factory, when crushing the concrete waste collected from the construction site to adjust the particle size, dust during crushing leaked around the crusher for a long time. Although the foundation of the crusher was constructed with concrete, the surrounding area remained soil, and a powder of 10mm or less was deposited about 5cm.

この堆積層の上に5mm以下の粒度を有する上記表1の本発明例4に示すカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを5cm程度の厚さに敷き、グランドレーキ、トンボで混合した後平坦になるように敷き均し、均一に湿る程度に散水した。   On this deposited layer, a calcium aluminate slag having a particle size of 5 mm or less shown in Table 1 of the present invention is spread to a thickness of about 5 cm, mixed with a ground rake and a dragonfly so as to be flat. The water was sprinkled evenly and evenly.

3日間養生すると、混合層が固化し、粉体が飛散することが無く、雨天時も固化層上を雨水が流れ、泥状になることはなかった。   After curing for 3 days, the mixed layer solidified, the powder did not scatter, and rainwater flowed on the solidified layer in the rain and did not become mud.

山を切開き段状の農業用地を開墾した。1mの高さに70度の傾斜を付けて棚段を作った。雨天時に傾斜面が崩壊し、そのまま修復しても再度崩壊の危険性が有った。   Opening a mountain and opening a stepped agricultural land. A shelf was made at a height of 1 m with an inclination of 70 degrees. The slope collapsed when it rained, and there was a risk of collapse even if it was repaired as it was.

この傾斜面を幅1mに亘り土壌を取り除き、この土壌に上記表2の本発明例3に示すカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを30%加え重機で混合した後20%の水分を含有するように水を調整して添加しながら、混合土壌を同じ形状に埋め戻した。   Soil is removed from this inclined surface over a width of 1 m, and 30% of calcium aluminate slag shown in Table 2 of the present invention is added to this soil and mixed with a heavy machine, and then water is added so as to contain 20% of water. The mixed soil was backfilled in the same shape while adjusting and adding.

混合前の土壌と混合土壌の採取試料を用いてJIS A1216「土の一軸圧縮試験方法」により強度を測定した。混合前は0.35N/mm2の強度がカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを混合することにより 1.5N/mm2まで増加した。また傾斜面の崩壊も防止できた。 The strength was measured according to JIS A1216 “Soil uniaxial compression test method” using a sample before mixing and a sample collected from the mixed soil. Prior to mixing was increased by the strength of 0.35 N / mm 2 are mixed calcium aluminate slag to 1.5 N / mm 2. In addition, the collapse of the inclined surface could be prevented.

Claims (4)

粉体堆積層に水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを加え、粉体堆積層と混合して敷き均し、水を加えて硬化させて粉体堆積層を改質することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。   A soil characterized by adding calcium aluminate-based slag with hydraulic properties to the powder accumulation layer, mixing with the powder accumulation layer, leveling, and curing by adding water to modify the powder accumulation layer Improvement method. 土壌と水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグを混合し、水を加えて硬化させて土壌を改質することを特徴とする土壌改良方法。   A method for improving soil, comprising mixing soil and hydraulic calcium aluminate slag and adding water to harden the soil. 水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが、質量%でAl23:20〜40%、CaO:30〜60%、SiO2:3〜15%含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の土壌改良方法。 The calcium aluminate-based slag having hydraulic properties contains Al 2 O 3 : 20 to 40%, CaO: 30 to 60%, SiO 2 : 3 to 15% by mass%. The soil improvement method as described in. 水硬性を有するカルシウムアルミネート系スラグが、質量%でAl23:25〜45%、(CaO+CaF2)/Al23:1.1〜2.0、CaF2:2〜6%含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の土壌改良方法。 Calcium aluminate-based slag having hydraulic properties is Al 2 O 3 : 25 to 45% in mass%, (CaO + CaF 2 ) / Al 2 O 3 : 1.1 to 2.0, CaF 2 : 2 to 6% The soil improvement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
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