JP2007110902A - Method for producing seed and seedling of pearl oyster - Google Patents

Method for producing seed and seedling of pearl oyster Download PDF

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JP2007110902A
JP2007110902A JP2005284574A JP2005284574A JP2007110902A JP 2007110902 A JP2007110902 A JP 2007110902A JP 2005284574 A JP2005284574 A JP 2005284574A JP 2005284574 A JP2005284574 A JP 2005284574A JP 2007110902 A JP2007110902 A JP 2007110902A
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pearl
pearl oyster
culture
temperature
oyster
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Akihiro Ikeda
昭弘 池田
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SANNOKI KAZUTAKA
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an efficient and environmentally friendly method for producing seeds and seedlings of pearl oyster enhancing the survival rate of the pearl oyster constituting the bedrock of pearl culture. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing seeds and seedlings of pearl oyster comprises using high temperature-resistant fine algae increasing at an optimal temperature equivalent to that of the pearl oyster as feed for the pearl oyster used as mother shellfish in pearl culture. Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain) may be quoted as the concrete example of the high-temperature resistant fine algae. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、アコヤガイ種苗の生産方法に関し、特に、真珠養殖において母貝等として使用されるアコヤガイの生産を効率的に進めるアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for producing pearl oyster seedlings, and more particularly to a method for producing pearl oyster seedlings that efficiently promotes the production of pearl oysters used as mother shells and the like in pearl culture.

真珠の養殖においては、母貝やピース貝として使用するアコヤガイ種苗の生産は、その真珠養殖全体の根幹となる重要な工程である。そして、このアコヤガイ種苗生産において、アコヤガイが幼生である時期には、PavlovaやChaetocerosなどの微細藻類を飼料として使用するのが一般的である。   In pearl culture, the production of pearl oyster seedlings used as mother shells and piece shells is an important process that forms the basis of the entire pearl culture. In the pearl oyster seedling production, it is common to use microalgae such as Pavlova and Chaetoceros as feed when the pearl oysters are larvae.

ただ、前記微細藻類の至適飼育温度（20〜25℃）は、アコヤガイの幼生の至適飼育温度（25〜28℃）より低い。そのため、飼育温度を前記微細藻類の至適温度に合わせると、アコヤガイの幼生が低体温となって、アコヤガイ幼生の増殖が著しく低下する。反対に、飼育温度をアコヤガイの幼生の至適飼育温度に合わせると、飼料が死滅して水質が悪化するので、アコヤガイの幼生の増殖が著しく低下する。このような理由から、一般的には、アコヤガイの幼生の至適飼育温度に合わせて飼育しているが、水質の悪化によるアコヤガイの幼生の生残率の低下という問題は解決していない。   However, the optimal rearing temperature (20-25 ° C.) of the microalgae is lower than the optimal rearing temperature (25-28 ° C.) of the pearl oyster larvae. Therefore, when the breeding temperature is adjusted to the optimum temperature for the microalgae, the larvae of the pearl oysters become hypothermic and the growth of the pearl oyster larvae is significantly reduced. On the other hand, when the breeding temperature is adjusted to the optimum breeding temperature for the pearl oyster larvae, the feed is killed and the water quality deteriorates, so that the growth of the pearl oyster larvae is remarkably reduced. For these reasons, the oyster larvae are generally bred in accordance with the optimum rearing temperature, but the problem of a decrease in the survival rate of the pearl oyster larvae due to deterioration in water quality has not been solved.

このような問題を解決するために、特定の藻類を添加してこの藻類の光合成作用によって水質の改善を図りアコヤガイ種苗の生残性を向上させるという研究（特許文献１を参照。）もすでになされている。しかし、前記藻類の添加によっても、生残率の向上や水質の改善は十分ではなかった。
特開昭６１−２１２２３４号公報 In order to solve such a problem, research (see Patent Document 1) in which a specific algae is added and water quality is improved by photosynthesis of the algae to improve the survival of the pearl oyster seedling is already made. ing. However, even with the addition of the algae, the survival rate and the water quality have not been improved sufficiently.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-212234

そこで、この発明は、真珠養殖の根幹をなすアコヤガイ種苗の生残率を高めて効率的に、且つ環境に優しいアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法を提供することを課題とする。   Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the production method of the pearl oyster seedling which is efficient and environmentally friendly by raising the survival rate of the pearl oyster seedling which makes the foundation of pearl culture.

この発明のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法は、真珠養殖において母貝として使用するアコヤガイの飼料として、アコヤガイの飼育温度と同等又はそれ以上の海水温度で増殖する高温耐性微細藻類を餌料として使用することを最も主要な特徴とする。   The method for producing pearl oyster seedlings according to the present invention is to use, as a feed, high-temperature-resistant microalgae that grow at seawater temperature equal to or higher than the pearl oyster breeding temperature as a pearl oyster feed used as a mother shell in pearl culture. Main features.

この発明のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法は、アコヤガイ種苗を高い生残率で効率的に、且つ水質の汚染を軽減しながら生産することができるため、この生産方法を利用することによって、より効率的、且つ環境に優しく真珠を養殖することができる。   The production method of the pearl oyster seedling of this invention can produce the pearl oyster seedling efficiently at a high survival rate and while reducing the contamination of the water quality. Therefore, by using this production method, more efficient, And it is possible to cultivate pearls kindly to the environment.

この発明のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法は、真珠養殖において母貝として使用するアコヤガイの飼料として、高温耐性微細藻類を餌料として使用することを除けば、従来からあるアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法と同様にして実施することができる。   The method for producing pearl oyster seedlings of this invention is carried out in the same manner as the conventional method for producing pearl oyster seedlings, except that high-temperature-resistant microalgae are used as a feed for pearl oysters used as mother shellfish in pearl culture. can do.

ここで、高温耐性微細藻類とは、その至適飼育温度が、アコヤガイ幼生の至適飼育温度と同等の海水温度、具体的には25〜28℃で増殖する微細藻類のことであり、具体的には、Isochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)、Chaetoceros ceratosporumなどが挙げられる。なお、この2種の藻類については、独立行政法人 水産総合研究センター 養殖研究所等から入手することができる。   Here, the high-temperature-resistant microalgae is a microalgae that grows at an optimal rearing temperature equal to the optimal rearing temperature of the pearl oyster larvae, specifically 25-28 ° C. Examples include Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain) and Chaetoceros ceratosporum. These two types of algae can be obtained from the National Fisheries Research Center, Aquaculture Research Institute, etc.

また、アコヤガイ種苗の生産は、飼育環境、特に温度や飼料密度を制御しやすいことから、陸上に静置した水槽やタンクの中で行うのが好ましく、同様の理由により高温耐性微細藻類の飼育も水槽やタンクの中で行うのが好ましい。   In addition, the production of pearl oyster seedlings is preferable because it is easy to control the breeding environment, especially temperature and feed density, and is preferably carried out in a water tank or tank placed on land. It is preferable to carry out in a water tank or a tank.

なお、この発明のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法には、例えば、スキムミルク、ビタミン、高温耐性ではない通常の藻類を加える、抗生物質を投与する等の公知の様々な工夫を加えてもよい。   In addition, you may add various well-known devices, such as adding skim milk, a vitamin, the normal algae which is not high temperature tolerance, and administering antibiotics, for example to the production method of the pearl oyster seedling of this invention.

以下、この発明について実施例に基づいてより詳細に説明するが、この発明の特許請求の範囲は如何なる意味においても以下の実施例によって制限されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples. However, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited by the following examples in any way.

（１）高温耐性微細藻類の培養
高温耐性微細藻類であるIsochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)の培養は、以下に示すように、静置培養、中間培養、大量培養の３段階に分けて行った。 (1) Culture of high-temperature-resistant microalgae Culture of Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain), which is a high-temperature-resistant microalgae, was carried out in three stages: stationary culture, intermediate culture, and mass culture as shown below.

（１ａ）静置培養
静置培養は、海水1LあたりNaNO3：100 mg, Na2HPO4・12H2O: 14 mg, Na2SiO3・9H2O: 150 mg, クレワット32: 50 mg, を含む溶液をオートクレブしたのち、thiamine: 100 mg, biotin: 10 mg, ビタミンB12: 0.2 mgを加えた培地を使用して、800 lux, 28 ℃の環境で10日間行った。 (1a) Static culture Static culture is carried out with NaNO 3 per 100 liters of seawater: Na 2 HPO 4 · 12H 2 O: 14 mg, Na 2 SiO 3 · 9H 2 O: 150 mg, Clewat 32: 50 mg, After autoclaving the solution containing, the medium was added for 10 days in an environment of 800 lux, 28 ° C. using a medium supplemented with thiamine: 100 mg, biotin: 10 mg, vitamin B 12 : 0.2 mg.

（１ｂ）中間培養
中間培養は、静置培養と同じ培地を使用して、2000 lux, 28 ℃の環境において6日間行った。その結果5Lの培養液を得た。 (1b) Intermediate culture Intermediate culture was performed for 6 days in an environment of 2000 lux and 28 ° C using the same medium as that for stationary culture. As a result, 5 L of culture broth was obtained.

（１ｃ）大量培養
大量培養は、海水1 Lあたり、NaNO3：50 mg, Na2HPO4・12H2O: 7 mg, クレワット32: 30 mg, を含む溶液をオートクレブしたのち、thiamine: 100 mg, biotin: 10 mg, ビタミンB12: 0.2 mgを加えた培地を含む100Lに中間培養で得た5 Lの培養液を混ぜ、4000〜8000 lux, 28 ℃の環境において6日間行った。その結果、最終的にIsochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)を含む100Lの培養液を得た。 (1c) Mass culture Mass culture is performed by autoclaving a solution containing NaNO 3 : 50 mg, Na 2 HPO 4 · 12H 2 O: 7 mg, Clewat 32: 30 mg, and thiamine: 100 mg per liter of seawater. Biotin: 10 mg, Vitamin B 12 : 100 L containing medium supplemented with 0.2 mg was mixed with 5 L of the culture solution obtained in the intermediate culture for 6 days in an environment of 4000-8000 lux, 28 ° C. As a result, a 100 L culture solution containing Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain) was finally obtained.

（２）アコヤガイの人工授精
生殖巣の発達した日本産アコヤガイの雄と雌を選別し、それぞれから精子と卵を取り出し、フィルターにより濾過し25℃に維持された海水中に拡散させた。なお、放散後、卵に関しては、1 N アンモニア水を海水1Lあたりに1 mL加え、30分放置することより卵核胞の崩壊を誘導し、受精可能な状態とした。また、精子に関しては同様の割合でアンモニア水を加え、5分間放置することにより受精可能な状態とした。以上のようにして受精能を獲得した卵と精子を海水ごと混合することにより受精を開始させた。30分後、20μmのナイロンメッシュ上に受精卵を集め、海水で十分洗浄したのち、1トン水槽に移し発生を開始させた。 (2) Artificial insemination of pearl oysters Japanese pearl oysters with gonads were selected from males and females, sperm and eggs were taken out from each, filtered through a filter and diffused in seawater maintained at 25 ° C. After the release, the eggs were added with 1 mL of 1 N ammonia water per liter of seawater and allowed to stand for 30 minutes to induce the destruction of the egg nuclei and to be fertilized. For sperm, ammonia water was added at the same rate and allowed to fertilize by leaving it for 5 minutes. Fertilization was started by mixing the egg and sperm that have acquired fertilization ability as described above together with seawater. After 30 minutes, fertilized eggs were collected on a 20 μm nylon mesh, washed thoroughly with seawater, and then transferred to a 1-ton water tank to start development.

（３）Isochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)を用いた幼生飼育
受精後1日目において受精卵はD型幼生にまで発育し、水槽内を活発に遊泳し始めるので、この時点からIsochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)を餌として投与した。ここで、養殖する際の水温、アコヤガイの品種によっても変わってくるものの、投与する餌の量は厳密に制御しなければならない。具体的には、本実施例の場合、投与する餌の量を日を追って順次増加しながら飼育した。なお、付着段階までには受精後30日程度を要するが、この間の水温は25〜28℃に維持し、数日ごとに海水の入れ換えを行った。 (3) Larvae breeding using Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain) The fertilized egg develops to D-type larvae on the first day after fertilization and begins to actively swim in the aquarium. From this point, Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti Strain) was administered as food. Here, the amount of food to be administered must be strictly controlled, although it varies depending on the water temperature during cultivation and the variety of pearl oysters. Specifically, in the case of the present Example, it reared, increasing the quantity of the food to administer sequentially according to the day. The adhering stage takes about 30 days after fertilization, but the water temperature during this period was maintained at 25 to 28 ° C., and seawater was replaced every few days.

その結果、受精から14日目までの生残率は、90％であった。なお、生残率は、14日目の生存個体数÷正常に発生した個体数×100により計算した。これと同様の方法により、通常の飼料であるPavlova、Chaetoceros等を使用した場合の生残率が45％程度であることを考えると、この発明のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法によりアコヤガイの生残率は十分に高いと考えられる。   As a result, the survival rate from fertilization to the 14th day was 90%. The survival rate was calculated by the number of surviving individuals on the 14th day / the number of normally occurring individuals × 100. Considering that the survival rate when using normal feeds such as Pavlova and Chaetoceros is about 45% by the same method, the survival rate of pearl oysters is as follows. It is considered high enough.

Claims (2)

高温耐性微細藻類を餌料として投与することを特徴とするアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法。 A method for producing pearl oyster seedlings characterized by administering high temperature resistant microalgae as a feed. 高温耐性微細藻類が、Isochrysis sp.(Tahiti株)であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアコヤガイ種苗の生産方法。 The method for producing a pearl oyster seedling according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature-resistant microalga is Isochrysis sp. (Tahiti strain).
JP2005284574A 2005-09-21 2005-09-29 Method for producing seed and seedling of pearl oyster Pending JP2007110902A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104737954A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-01 广东海洋大学 Super-green seawater pearl cultivation method
CN106754381A (en) * 2015-11-25 2017-05-31 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 One plant of mutagenesis lsochrysis zhanjiangensis and its cultural method
CN109042413A (en) * 2018-10-06 2018-12-21 广东海洋大学 A method of it reducing receptor shellfish trnasplantion immunity and repels
CN109362618A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-02-22 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 A kind of pearl high quality seedling mating system
CN113317245A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-08-31 绍兴文理学院 Method for regulating and controlling generation of pearl sac of pearl-breeding mussel and method for producing pearl
CN114831061A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-02 广东海洋大学 Method for recuperating pinctada martensii during pearl culture

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104737954A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-01 广东海洋大学 Super-green seawater pearl cultivation method
CN106754381A (en) * 2015-11-25 2017-05-31 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 One plant of mutagenesis lsochrysis zhanjiangensis and its cultural method
CN106754381B (en) * 2015-11-25 2020-05-08 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Mutagenic dinoflagellate Zhanjiang and the like and culture method thereof
CN109362618A (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-02-22 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 A kind of pearl high quality seedling mating system
CN109042413A (en) * 2018-10-06 2018-12-21 广东海洋大学 A method of it reducing receptor shellfish trnasplantion immunity and repels
CN113317245A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-08-31 绍兴文理学院 Method for regulating and controlling generation of pearl sac of pearl-breeding mussel and method for producing pearl
CN114831061A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-02 广东海洋大学 Method for recuperating pinctada martensii during pearl culture

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