JP2007060985A - Vegetation medium having large water retention capacity, holding in itself shape and requiring no container, and greening construction method using the medium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a medium which itself holds a shape, causes less outflow and dispersion, has high water retainability and becomes a lightweight inexpensive plant growing base, and to provide a construction method using the medium. <P>SOLUTION: This medium is obtained by using lightweight plant fiber which holds in itself a shape, causes less outflow and dispersion, and has high water retainability. The medium is made inexpensive by using no raw material pulp but papermaking sludge after making paper from pulp, and over-humidity which is an advantage but becomes a disadvantage is overcome by setting an air layer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

When planting pot seedlings in conventional tree planting works, the seedlings are taken out from the pot and planted, and after the planting, the pot needs to be collected and disposed of. It was often scattered by. In addition, if the seedling has insufficient rooting, the pot may collapse, resulting in poor survival.
In addition, in the greening of soil-free parts (for example, rooftops, wall surfaces, etc.), it is not a situation where a medium material is provided as a growth base that has a high water retention capacity, is inexpensive and lightweight, and is difficult to scatter and run away.

The present invention is inexpensive and has a high water retention capacity, but suppresses root rot, is lightweight but is difficult to scatter and spill, has high workability, the material itself retains its shape, and can grow seedlings without a container Providing seedling growth medium that can be planted as it is, and can be grown and cultivated as it is without planting, and a medium and construction method for plant growth for greening areas without soil To do.

  When transplanting plants, most of them are transplanted with soil without damaging the roots of the plants, but this work requires a lot of labor, and shrubs and herbaceous seedlings are grown and planted in pots. In many cases, if the roots are not sufficiently extended until the medium can be bound in the pot, they cannot be used as seedlings.

  In addition, when planting this pot seedling, the seedling is taken out from the pot and planted, but the root pot may collapse, requiring careful work. And although it is necessary to collect and dispose of this pot, it is rarely reused, and the cost of collection and disposal is required. Therefore, raising seedlings using a biodegradable pot has also been made.

In addition, in the greening of areas where there is no soil (for example, rooftops, wall surfaces, etc.), the medium material should have a high water retention capacity and a high water absorption rate. In addition, it should be lightweight and not splashed, and should not flow out due to rain or water. And although it is calculated | required that it is cheap including construction cost as much as possible, it cannot be said that the culture medium material which satisfy | fills these is provided.
JP 2005-80505 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-285643 Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-318649

  However, seedlings using biodegradable pots are sufficiently widespread because the pots are expensive, immediately after planting the pots hinder root growth, and the pots are weak and inconvenient for the producer. I can't say that.

  Therefore, if the medium itself has the ability to retain its shape, the container would be unnecessary, and the runoff and scattering would be suppressed. At the same time, an attempt was made to obtain a medium material that is lightweight, inexpensive, and has high water retention.

  Therefore, the use of pulp was considered, but in order to satisfy the condition that it is inexpensive, sludge after paper making using pulp as a raw material also contains a large amount of plant fiber, so paper sludge (mostly industrial waste) ), And tried to promote recycling.

  Moreover, if there was such a culture medium, it was thought that it can utilize as a thing which changes to soil, such as a part without soil (for example, a rooftop, a roof, wall greening, etc.).

Means for solving the problems and effects of the invention

According to the first aspect, the content of plant fibers contained in the papermaking sludge generated in the papermaking process is mainly 50% or less because it is a papermaking sludge. The composition ratio of three kinds of 90 %%, the long fiber constituting the plant fiber, the short fiber, and the powdery substance of the plant fiber generated by beating is mixed with two or more kinds of papermaking sludge, or the raw pulp The water content is adjusted under the mud condition by the input, and then the water content is easily restored to the mud state by adding water (60% -80% depending on the plant fiber content and the composition ratio of the adjusted paper sludge) Although it is a clay-like irregular shape, it is a plastic medium for plant cultivation that has a characteristic that it can be molded into an arbitrary shape with high plasticity and can retain its shape by the power of the medium itself.

  What is contained in papermaking sludge is not uniform depending on the difference in the pulp of the papermaking raw material and the type and quality of the paper to be produced, but usually contains 90% or more of plant fiber and 50% or more of waste paper pulp. Other substances are those contained in raw pulp and waste paper, and compounds added in the papermaking process.

  There are three types of plant fibers: long fibers, short fibers, and powdered substances of plant fibers produced by beating, but there is no distinction that more than a meter is long fibers, and long fibers and short fibers are distinguished for convenience. It is.

  The water retention required for the medium depends on the content of the plant fiber, and the higher the plant fiber and the longer the fiber, the higher. In addition, the water supply speed is faster as the number of long fibers increases, and the medium is solidified because it depends on powdery substances of plant fibers and other substances other than plant fibers. The more it is, the stronger it is.

  Therefore, depending on the application (location, type of plant, plant maintenance and management method, etc.), the content of plant fibers contained in the medium by mixing two or more types of papermaking sludge that meets the purpose, or by introducing raw pulp, The composition ratio (long fiber, short fiber, plant fiber powdery substance produced by beating) is adjusted.

  And the water content is adjusted to the minimum water content that easily returns to mud when water is added (with a width of about 60% to 80% by the adjusted papermaking sludge). It is rich in plasticity and can be molded into any shape, so it can be leveled and sprayed. Since it is also a raw material for the medium of claim 2 and below, it will be referred to as basic medium A in the future.

  If a soil conditioner, soil conditioner, fertilizer, soil, etc. are mixed in the basic medium, the plant growth effect can be enhanced. Moreover, if an antibacterial agent is added, the propagation of miscellaneous bacteria can be suppressed, and the humus of the medium can also be suppressed.

What is related to claim 2 is that the medium of claim 1 is mixed with 20% or more and 50% or less of the dry weight ratio of rods, needles, fibrous organic matter, and inorganic matter in order to suppress shrinkage or disperse shrinkage. Medium.

  Bars, needles, fibrous organic substances, and inorganic substances include crushed bark, plant stems, branches, palm fibers, chemical fibers, peat moss, and fiber scraps.

  The culture medium of claim 1 contracts to about 20% under natural drying, and then expands by several percent when water is absorbed.

  By adding the above rods, needles, fibrous organic matter, and inorganic matter, the rods, needles, and fibrous substances are prevented from shrinking due to stretching each other, and the shape and size of the substances to be mixed are not uniform. Therefore, many cracks due to shrinkage can be generated on a small scale, and the problem due to shrinkage can be dispersed and reduced. From now on, it will be called basic medium B.

According to claim 3, a plant is grown using the medium of claims 1 or 2, and the medium itself retains its shape regardless of the container of the medium and the tightness of the root system, and the root system uses the medium. It is a pot seedling that can be transplanted without breaking root pots and mats without being tied up.

  Usually, pot seedlings are put into a pot and seeded (including bulbs), cuttings, cuttings and then rooted, or rooted (including cell seedlings) are transplanted to pots and seeded from the pots. The root system was developed until the root pot did not collapse even after taking out.

  On the other hand, if the same procedure is performed using a basic medium, the root system will not collapse even after the rooting stage or immediately after the root is settled and transplanted, so the root system has not developed until the root pot does not collapse. Can be transplanted, so the time required for shipping can be shortened, and this can be sufficient even if it is created after an order is placed.

  If cell seedlings are grown using the same characteristics, the time until cell seedlings can be transplanted can be shortened, and root vegetables that are not suitable for transplanting can also be transplanted.

  In addition, the medium can be taken out immediately after the pot seedling is created, and the required number of pots is drastically reduced and can be easily reused. Furthermore, since it is a pot seedling from which the pot has been removed for the user, there is no need to take it out of the pot during planting, and the root pot at that time is not damaged and the survival rate is improved. Furthermore, there is no need to collect pots, and it is useful for reducing the amount of garbage (pots that are not reused).

  If the basic medium is used for the plant mat, the time required for shipping can be shortened, and it is possible that the plant mat will be in time even if it is made after an order is received. Can be reduced.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a medium obtained by molding the medium according to any one of claims 1 and 2 and then drying it as it is. From now on, it will be called dry medium.

  This medium is the lightest, has a large water holding capacity, and has a fast water supply speed, but it takes time and a lot of money to dry.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a medium in which the density is adjusted by adjusting the pressure and dried in the step of pressurizing and dehydrating the medium of claims 1 and 2 for molding. In the future, this will be referred to as pressurized dry medium.

  If the pressure is high, the caking force becomes strong and the drying time is shortened, but conversely, the water retention capacity is reduced and the water absorption speed is also reduced.

  By drying any of claims 3 to 4, hydrogen bonding between plant fibers is likely to occur, the strength increases as hydrogen bonding progresses, and since this hydrogen bonding part also serves as a water supply part, some rain is here Since it is received by, it can suppress a shape loss.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is a lump-shaped medium including dried flakes of claim 1 or 2 and fluffy particles of several mm to several ten mm. From now on, it will be called dry moxa medium.

  Since this medium does not easily return to its original form even if it is hydrated, if the medium is mixed with the basic medium AorB in the step of preparing the medium of claims 4 to 5, the medium supplies the water of the basic medium AorB. Can be shortened.

  Moreover, although this culture medium cannot hold | maintain the whole, if it puts into a container and uses it, it can utilize as a normal culture medium with high water retention power.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising the medium of claim 1 or 2 in which fibers entangled in the shape of a plate are made into a plate shape, a rod shape, a tubular shape, or a lump shape, and at least one of them is contained in the medium. This is a method of providing a layer.

  This medium has a strong water holding capacity when it is rained or sprinkled. Depending on the type of plant, there are those that cause root rot, and these tangled fibers (for example, palm fibers) It is for processing into a plate shape, a rod shape, a tubular shape, and a lump shape, making it exist inside the culture medium, and providing an air layer inside the culture medium.

An eighth aspect of the present invention is a medium prepared by using the method of the seventh aspect in the step of obtaining the medium of the fourth to fifth aspects.

A method according to claim 9 is a method in which one or more of the fibers entangled in the shape of a loofah in the medium of claim 1 or 2 in a plate shape, a rod shape, a tubular shape, or a lump shape are contained, and a part thereof Is connected to one or more places outside the medium, or exposed to the air layer, and moisture and air are fed into the inside through this connection and exposed portion.

  Water accumulated on the surface of the culture medium or flowing down the surface flows into the culture medium from the connection of the fibers or the exposed part of the air layer through the fibers.

Therefore, not only the surface of the medium but also the water infiltrates not only from the part where the fiber is in contact with the medium inside, but also because the water is temporarily pooled in this fiber, it normally flows down when it falls down. The rainwater that ends up can be taken in effectively.

  In the case of watering, the time can be shortened and water can be poured from this portion without wetting the surface.

  And if water permeates into the medium, it becomes an air layer.

  A tenth aspect relates to a medium prepared by using the method according to the ninth aspect in the step of obtaining the medium according to the fourth to fifth aspects.

What is related to claim 11 is one in which any one of seeding, cuttings, cuttings, and planting is applied to the medium of claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10, and the plant is alive. is there.

  Therefore, in the process of obtaining the culture medium of Claims 4, 5, 8, and 10, it is desirable to process into the culture medium provided with the hole for sowing, cutting, cutting, and planting.

  This product can be used not only as a greening material, but also as a product that can be appreciated alone or in combination. In this case, it is more effective to devise the shape, color and installation method (hanging, wall hanging, stacking, etc.) of the medium.

The method according to claim 12 is the one obtained by spraying or applying the medium of claims 1 or 2 to a large area in advance, and then installing the one obtained in claims 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 11. And it is a method of fixing.

  The basic medium AorB is sprayed or applied to correct unevenness, the basic medium serves as an adhesive, and the basic medium AorB provides a herbicidal effect.

  Of course, it is also possible to install the medium obtained in claims 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 11 in a wide area and spray or apply and fix the medium of claims 1 or 2 in the gap. Is possible.

  A method for obtaining the basic medium A of claim 1 will be described as a first embodiment.

  The quality required for the medium varies depending on the place where the medium is used, the type of plant, the form of maintenance after greening, and the like.

  Some paper sludges have components suitable for the medium, but are not necessarily suitable as the required medium. Therefore, two or more types of papermaking sludges with different components are blended, mixed well with water, and adjusted to the required component ratio and moisture content.

  At this time, the composition of the required blend may not be obtained, but it can be solved by mixing the raw material pulp in a muddy state.

  Moreover, it can solve by processing to the culture medium of Claim 4,8,10. According to this method, the medium of claim 2 is appropriately mixed with the mixture.

Next, a method for obtaining a pot seedling according to claim 3 will be described as a second embodiment with reference to the drawings.

  A box 2 connected to a rectangular parallelepiped 1 shown in FIG. 1 having a square bottom surface and a top surface and two open surfaces and a hollow inside is placed on a medium retaining plate 3 having good water permeability as shown in FIG.

  The basic medium AorB4 is packed in this, and the cell seedling 5 is inserted and lightly held. The connected box 2 is pulled out when the medium is slightly dried (the basic medium AorB4 contracts). The size of this rectangular parallelepiped is changed according to the type of plant and the required seedling size.

  Moreover, this rectangular parallelepiped does not need to be connected. The plate 3 for holding the culture medium is preferably sized so that a convenient number can be carried. If the seedlings are settled, the shipment is OK.

  Claims 4 to 5 are omitted because they may be stored in a place where water can be blocked after molding.

The medium of claim 6 is in a state where the basic medium AorB is separated at the time of dehydration with a screw type dehydrator, and if this is stirred while blowing air, fluffy particles of several mm to several ten mm are mixed. A lump-shaped product is obtained.

  Since it is fluffy, it cannot be strictly divided, but if necessary, it can be divided into large, medium, small and powder grades by sieving.

  With respect to the embodiments of claims 7 to 10, a horizontal rooftop is described as embodiment 3-1, and a rooftop with an inclination is described as embodiment 3-2 with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 3-1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stepped surface showing the method of claim 9. A plate-like coconut fiber 7 having a thickness of about 10 mm that serves as water and ventilation is laid on a horizontal rooftop base 6. On this, a basic medium AorB4 is spread about 20 mm and leveled. The plate-like palm fiber 7 having a thickness of about 10 mm is laid again. The plate-like palm fiber 7 is a temporary water reservoir, and is usually an air layer. On top of this, a basic medium AorB4 is spread about 30 mm and leveled.

  At this time, the rod-like palm fibers 8 having a length of about 30 mm and a diameter of about 20 mm are embedded and connected so as to be in contact with the plate-like palm fibers 7. FIG. 4 shows the state as viewed from above.

  Rain soaks from the surface of the basic medium AorB4. Rain that has fallen at a strength higher than the speed of soaking passes through the rod-like palm fibers 8 and flows into the plate-like palm fibers 7 inside the basic medium AorB4. This rainwater soaks from the basic medium AorB4 in contact with the plate-like palm fibers 7.

  Because of this system, it is possible to prevent the rain from flowing into the interior during a heavy rain for a short period of time and to flow away, and to maintain the water retention capacity of the basic medium AorB in any way. .

  FIG. 5 shows a medium that satisfies claim 7 extracted from FIG. Although the internal plate-like fiber 7 is neither connected nor exposed, because of the plate-like palm fiber 7, it is difficult for gravity water to stay inside the basic medium AorB4, so that excessive moisture can be suppressed and an air layer is formed. Therefore, oxygen is supplied to the roots from here.

  FIG. 6 shows a medium that satisfies claim 9 extracted from FIG.

Embodiment 3-2
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a stepped surface showing the method of claim 9. A plate-like coconut fiber 7 having a thickness of about 10 mm, which serves as water and ventilation, is laid on a sloped roof base 6. On this, a basic medium AorB4 is spread about 20 mm and leveled. The plate-like coconut fiber 7 having a thickness of about 10 mm is laid again. The plate-like coconut fiber 7 is made into a belt-like shape having a width of about 100 cm, and is laid so that the longitudinal direction is along the contour line of the rooftop. On top of this, a basic medium AorB4 is spread about 30 mm and leveled.

  At this time, the plate-like palm fiber 7 is bent at a position about 30 cm from the higher side so that the end portion is floated by about 30 mm so that the plate-like palm fiber 7 is sandwiched between the basic media AorB4. Make sure that one of the ends is exposed.

  Rain soaks from the surface of the basic medium AorB4. The rain that has fallen at a strength higher than the soaking speed flows down the surface of the basic medium AorB4. This rain is from the exposed portion 9 at the end of the plate-like palm fiber 7 shown in FIG. The plate-like palm fiber 7 inside flows down and soaks into the basic medium AorB4 from the plate-like palm fiber 7.

  Because of this system, it is possible to prevent water from flowing into the interior during short periods of heavy rain, and to keep flowing up to the water retention capacity of the basic medium regardless of how it descends.

  In addition, since the amount of rain flowing down the surface and the speed are reduced, the medium is also prevented from flowing away.

  An embodiment according to claim 11 will be described as an embodiment 4-1 when the basic medium AorB4 is used, and as an embodiment 4-2 when a pressurized dry medium is used.

  In Embodiment 4-1, a cube 10 of a basic medium AorB4 of about 10 cm square shown in FIG. 9 is produced, and seedlings are planted while spherical palm fibers 11 of about 3 cm in diameter are embedded slightly above the center as shown in FIG. Plant as many seedlings as you like. 3 holes from the position of FIG. 11 on the upper surface of the cube 10 of the basic medium AorB4, and holes 12 are made from the surface to the palm fibers. Some movement is good in relation to seedlings.

  This hole 12 is a vent and a irrigation port. Further, the spherical palm fiber 11 is an air layer and is also a temporary water reservoir during irrigation. Of course, the medium may be immersed in water for about 1 minute.

  The cube may be molded into a desired shape (including adding or scraping the basic medium AorB4) or the surface may be colored. This will create a so-called “bowl” that does not require a vessel. There are various installation methods such as figurines, wall hangings, hanging, and stacking.

  Embodiment 4-2 uses a plate-like pressure-dried culture medium 13 of 30 cm square having a thickness of about 3 cm. As shown in FIG. 12, a hole 12 having a diameter of about 10 mm and a depth of about 20 mm is formed at the center thereof.

  The hole 12 is filled with a basic medium AorB4 as shown in FIG. 13, and seeding, cutting, planting, etc. are applied to promote germination, rooting, etc., and the plant is alive.

  The embodiment according to claim 12 is a method for dramatically enhancing the effect of a herbicidal sheet that suppresses the overgrowth of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-80505, and a method for maintaining the effect, Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-285543, existing green space, and A method of artificially controlling the vegetation of green spaces to be created in the future, a method of converting an existing grassland of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-318649 into a grassland dominated by other species. The case where the basic medium AorB4 is used as a substitute for the mat and the existing grassland is converted to the chigaya grassland using the spread mowing grass as a material for floating the mat will be described as a fifth embodiment.

  First, carefully cut the existing grassland to be converted from the ground. After this mowing grass is spread evenly, the basic medium AorB4 is sprayed by about 4 cm, and then spread.

  Tigaya pot seedlings are embedded in this basic medium AorB4 at a pitch of 50 cm. This basic medium AorB4 becomes a mat, and the spread and mowing grass floats this mat, almost suppresses germination of buried seeds, and considerably suppresses germination from perennials. Embedding in this basic medium AorB4 will plant seedlings floating from the ground.

  Chigaya grows roots and rhizomes in the existing medium AorB4 and in the soil, and eventually germinates from the rhizomes and spreads in a plane.

A rectangular parallelepiped with a hollow inside. Pot seedling creation status. The schematic diagram of the cross section of the method of Embodiment 3-1 which shows the method of Claim 9. FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3. The culture medium of Claim 8. The culture medium of claim 10 The schematic diagram of the cross section of the method of Embodiment 3-2 which shows the method of Claim 9. FIG. The top view of FIG. Cube of basic medium AorB4. The situation where spherical palm fiber was embedded. The top view of FIG. Pressurized dry medium. Sectional view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 A rectangular parallelepiped with a hollow inside.
2 Connected boxes.
3 Plate for holding medium.
4 Basic medium AorB.
5 Cell seedlings.
6 Rooftop base.
7 Plate palm fiber.
8 Sticky palm fiber.
9 Exposed part.
10 Cube of basic medium AorB.
11 Spherical palm fiber.
12 holes.
13 Pressurized dry medium.

Claims (12)

The plant fiber contained in the papermaking sludge generated in the papermaking process (mostly fiber is mainly 0.5 mm or less because it is a papermaking sludge) is adjusted to a content of 50% to 90% according to the application. Also, the composition ratio of the three kinds of the long fiber, the short fiber, and the plant fiber powdery substance produced by beating is mixed with two or more kinds of paper sludge, or the raw pulp (mainly supplemented with long fibers). The minimum moisture content that can be adjusted under the mud condition and then easily returned to the mud condition when the water content is hydrated (60% -80% depending on the plant fiber content and the composition ratio of the adjusted paper sludge) A plant growth medium that has a characteristic that it can be shaped into an arbitrary shape that is rich in plasticity and can be held in shape by the power of the medium itself. A medium in which a bar, a needle, a fibrous organic substance, and an inorganic substance are mixed at a dry weight ratio of 20% to 50% in order to suppress the shrinkage rate or disperse the shrinkage in the medium of claim 1. Plants are grown using the culture medium according to claim 1 or 2 and the characteristics of the culture medium itself can be maintained without depending on the container of the culture medium and the binding power of the root system, even if the root system does not bind the culture medium. Pot seedlings that can be transplanted without breaking the root pot. A medium obtained by molding the medium according to claim 1 or 2 and then drying it. A medium in which the density is adjusted by adjusting the pressure and dried in the process of pressurizing and dehydrating the medium of claim 1 or 2 for molding.   A moxa-shaped medium containing dried fluffy medium having a fluffy particle size of several millimeters to several tens of millimeters. A method of providing an air layer in an interior of any one or more of plate-like, rod-like, tubular, or lump-like fibers entangled in the medium of claim 1 or 2.   A medium prepared by using the method of claim 7 in the step of obtaining the medium of claims 4 to 5. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more of the fibers entangled in the shape of a plate are made into a plate shape, a rod shape, a tubular shape or a lump shape, and one or more of them are connected to one or more places outside the medium. Alternatively, it is exposed to the air layer, and moisture and air are sent into the inside through this connection and exposed part.   A medium produced by using the method of claim 9 in the step of obtaining the medium of claims 4 to 5. A medium obtained by applying any one or more of seeding, cuttings, cuttings, and planting to the culture medium according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 10 to cultivate the plant. The method of installing and fixing the thing obtained by Claim 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11 after spraying or apply | coating the culture medium of Claim 1, 2 to a wide area beforehand.

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