JP2006523372A - 携帯用燃料処理装置及び密閉容器並びにその設置方法 - Google Patents
携帯用燃料処理装置及び密閉容器並びにその設置方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明の携帯用燃料処理装置は、内部空間を画定しガス不透過性障壁を提供する外壁を有する密閉容器を含む。密閉容器を複数の場所の間で移動するための手段が取り付けられている。さらに、装置は、密閉容器内に配置された、改質用燃料を水素に富む改質ガスに変換する燃料改質器を含む。
本発明の方法及び装置に使用する適切な密閉容器は、燃料処理器とその付属副システムを収容することになるサイズ、材料及び構造である任意の密閉容器とすることができる。そのような密閉容器の外壁は、改質器から発生するガス又は収容された副システムから漏れたガスが外部環境に逃げることを防止するガス不透過性障壁を提供すべきである。燃料処理装置の主要な特徴の1つは装置の携帯可能性であり、密閉容器と収容された燃料処理器及び副システムは輸送を容易にするために小さいことが好ましい。しかし、収容された燃料処理器は、燃料電池スタックに接続されたとき、その組み合わされた電力発生システムが、少なくとも約1kW、より好ましくは少なくとも約3kW、さらに好ましくは少なくとも約7.5kWの電力発生能力を有するように十分大きくなければならない。
異なる場所に携帯用燃料処理装置を輸送するのに使用するための移動手段が密閉容器に取り付けられる。移動手段は、密閉容器の底部面に固定され密閉容器の移動を容易にする車輪、ローラー、軌道等を含むことができる。さらに、移動手段は密閉容器の1つ又は複数の側面又は頂部壁に取り付けられたハンドル、グリップ、アイフック等を含むこともできる。また、密閉容器は、フォークリフト機構によって持ち上げ及び移動することを可能にする剛性のある底部壁又は底部支持も有する。
改質工程には典型的に2種の異なる反応が行われる。式I及びIIは炭化水素としてメタンを考えるときの例示的反応式である。
CH4+1/2O2→2H2+CO (I)
CH4+H2O→3H2+CO (II)
H2S+ZnO→H2O+ZnS (III)
H2O+CO→H2+CO2 (IV)
CO+1/2O2→CO2 (V)
H2+1/2O2→H2O (VI)
処理は一酸化炭素の酸化用触媒の存在で行われ、ペレット、球、モノリスなど任意の適切な形とすることができる。一酸化炭素の酸化触媒は既知であり、典型的に貴金属(例えば白金、パラジウム)及び/又は遷移金属(例えば鉄、クロム、マンガン)、及び/又は貴金属又は遷移金属、特に酸化物の化合物を含む。好ましい酸化触媒はアルミナ薄め塗膜上の白金である。薄め塗膜はモノリス、押出品、ペレット又は他の担体に塗工することができる。セリウム又はランタンなどの追加の材料を性能向上のために加えることができる。多くの他の処方が文献に記載されており、アルミナ担持ロジウム触媒の優れた性能を主張する実務者もいる。ルテニウム、パラジウム、金、及び他の材料は同様にこの用途に活性があると文献に引用されている。
本明細書で述べるように、燃料処理装置は、密閉容器及び収容された燃料処理器を外部燃料電池又は燃料電池スタックに相互接続するための1個又は複数の接続部を有することができる。具体的には、携帯用密閉容器は燃料電池又は燃料電池スタックのアノードとカソードマニホルドからのアノード排気とカソード排気を受容する接続部を有することができる。さらに、密閉容器は水素に富む改質物をスタックに送出するための接続部又は導出口を有することができる。さらに、冷却媒体を燃料電池又は精製空気源に提供するための接続部を設けることもできる。
本発明は、携帯用燃料処理装置の設置方法をさらに提供する。方法は、燃料処理器を収容する携帯用ガス不透過性密閉容器を必要な場所へ移動するステップと、水の供給源を密閉容器に接続するステップと、原料燃料を密閉容器に接続するステップと、燃料電池を密閉容器に接続するステップとを含む。密閉容器を水の供給源及び改質用燃料の供給源に接続するステップは、密閉容器を建物内の水の供給源及び天然ガスユーティリティラインに接続することを含むのが好ましい。方法は密閉容器を密閉容器用の家庭用排水管に接続又は提供することをさらに含むことができる。
図1は本発明の携帯用燃料処理装置及び密閉容器の概要図である。携帯用装置及び密閉容器は参照番号110で全体的に示される。携帯用装置及び密閉容器は外壁105内に収容された燃焼器/改質器115を有する。外壁105は、燃焼器/改質器、洗浄/転化モジュール145、気液分離器120及び146、収集容器140、搭載工程制御ユニット100、ガス検出器/センサー180、処理水タンク165、及び排出器160を含む多数の燃料処理器副システムを収容する。また、外壁105内には携帯用密閉容器内の開放容積又は開放空間を構成する内部155がある。
Claims (22)
- 内部空間を画定し、かつ、ガス不透過性障壁を提供する外壁を有する密閉容器と、
前記密閉容器に取り付けられた移動手段と、
前記密閉容器の内部空間内に配置され、改質用燃料を水素に富む改質ガスに変換するための燃料改質器と、
を含む携帯用燃料処理装置。 - 更にガス検出器を含み、前記ガス検出器が、前記密閉容器の内部の燃焼性ガスの存在を検出するためのセンサーを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記センサーが水素の存在を検出することができる請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記センサーがメタンの存在を検出することができる請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記センサーが一酸化炭素の存在を検出することができる請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記移動手段が、前記密閉容器の底面に取り付けた複数の車輪を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記密閉容器が、密閉容器及び燃料改質器を原料又は改質用燃料の供給源に接続するための接続部をさらに含み、前記改質用燃料の供給源が建物内の天然ガスユーティリティラインを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記密閉容器が、密閉容器と燃料改質器を水の供給源に接続するための接続部をさらに含み、前記水の供給源が建物内の水ユーティリティラインを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記密閉容器が、密閉容器を建物内の外部排水管に接続するための接続部をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記密閉容器が、密閉容器及び燃料改質器を燃料電池に接続し、前記燃料電池へ水素に富む改質ガスを送出する際に用いるための接続部をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記密閉容器が、燃料電池を密閉容器に接続し、前記燃料電池の排気ガスを密閉容器へ戻す際に用いるための接続部をさらに含む請求項10に記載の装置。
- 搭載工程制御ユニットをさらに含み、前記密閉容器が遠隔工程制御ユニットに電子通信を確立するための接続部をさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記燃料改質器が、少なくとも約1kWの電気を発生するのに十分な量の水素に富む改質物を燃料電池スタックに送出できる請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記燃料改質器が、少なくとも約3kWの電気を発生するのに十分な量の水素に富む改質物を燃料電池スタックに送出できる請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記燃料改質器が、少なくとも約7.5kWの電気を発生するのに十分な量の水素に富む改質物を燃料電池スタックに送出できる請求項14に記載の装置。
- 燃料処理器を収容するガス不透過性密閉容器を所望の場所へ移動するステップと、
水の供給源を前記密閉容器に接続するステップと、
改質用燃料の供給源を前記密閉容器に接続するステップと、
燃料電池を前記密閉容器に接続するステップと
を含む燃料処理器を設置する方法。 - 前記密閉容器のために家庭用排水管を設けるステップをさらに含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記密閉容器を水の供給源に接続するステップが、前記密閉容器を建物内の水ユーティリティラインに接続することを含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記密閉容器を改質用燃料の供給源に接続するステップが、前記密閉容器を建物内の天然ガスユーティリティラインに接続することを含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池を密閉容器に接続するステップが、水素に富む改質物を燃料電池に送出するために、燃料電池と密閉容器の間にラインを接続することを含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池を密閉容器に接続するステップが、燃料電池排気ガスを前記密閉容器に戻すために、燃料電池と密閉容器の間にラインを接続することを含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記密閉容器に遠隔工程制御ユニットとの通信リンクを設けるステップをさらに含む請求項16に記載の方法。
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US10/407,316 US8354081B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2003-04-04 | Portable fuel processor apparatus and enclosure and method of installing same |
PCT/US2004/009913 WO2004091008A2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-03-30 | Portable fuel process apparatus and enclosure (110) and method of installing same |
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EP (1) | EP1614171A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006523372A (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2521286C (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1091597A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2004091008A3 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
AU2004227787A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
US8354081B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 |
CN1820387A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
EP1614171A2 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
AU2010227002A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
MY147053A (en) | 2012-10-15 |
TWI356981B (en) | 2012-01-21 |
AU2010227002B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
TW200504481A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
EP1614171A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
CA2521286A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
WO2004091008A2 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
US20040194381A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
CN100492732C (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
HK1091597A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 |
CA2521286C (en) | 2013-02-12 |
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