JP2006505646A - 炭化水素の製造 - Google Patents
炭化水素の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006505646A JP2006505646A JP2004549303A JP2004549303A JP2006505646A JP 2006505646 A JP2006505646 A JP 2006505646A JP 2004549303 A JP2004549303 A JP 2004549303A JP 2004549303 A JP2004549303 A JP 2004549303A JP 2006505646 A JP2006505646 A JP 2006505646A
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 propylene) Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
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Abstract
Description
a) i) 炭化水素供給原料を第1と第2の流れに分けること;
ii) 第1の流れとスチームとを混合し、第1の流れとスチームとの混合物を、熱交換改質装置の加熱管中に配置されている触媒上に通して一次改質ガスを形成させること;
iii) 一次改質ガスと第2の炭化水素流れとを含んだ二次改質装置供給流れを形成させること;
iv) 二次改質装置供給流れを酸素含有ガスで部分燃焼させ、こうして得られる部分燃焼ガスを二次改質触媒上にて平衡状態にすること;および
v) こうして得られる二次改質ガスを使用して熱交換改質装置の管を加熱し、これによって部分冷却された改質ガスを得ること;
によって炭化水素供給原料をスチーム改質に付す工程;
b) 部分冷却された改質ガスをスチームの露点未満にさらに冷却して水を凝縮させ、凝縮した水を分離して、脱水された合成ガスを得る工程;
c) 前記脱水合成ガスからフィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって炭化水素を合成し、合成された炭化水素の少なくとも一部を分離してテールガスを得る工程;および
d) 前記テールガスの少なくとも一部を、二次改質装置供給流れの部分燃焼の前に、二次改質装置供給流れ中に混和する工程;
を含む炭化水素の製造法を提供する。
本発明においては、プロセスに供給される全炭化水素供給原料のうちのある割合(第2の流れ)が一次改質工程をバイパスし、一次改質ガスと合流して二次改質装置供給流れを形成し、次いでこの流れを、二次改質工程において部分燃焼に付す。こうして得られる二次改質ガスを脱水し、炭化水素をフィッシャー・トロプシュ合成するための合成ガスとして使用する。フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成からのテールガスを二次改質装置供給流れに再循環させる。二次改質装置供給流れを形成させる際には、フィッシャー・トロプシュ・テールガスと第2の炭化水素流れを、一次改質ガスに別々に(いかなる順序でもよい)加えることもできるし、あるいは、一次改質ガスに供給する前に必要に応じて予備混合することもできる。テールガスと第2の炭化水素流れを予備混合することは、必要ならば、2つの熱交換器よりむしろ1つの熱交換器にて一緒に加熱することができる、という利点を有する。第2の炭化水素流れとフィッシャー・トロプシュ・テールガスをどのような形で加えようとも、炭化水素の分解を避けるために、一次改質ガスと合流させる前に、第2の炭化水素流れとフィッシャー・トロプシュ・テールガスを420℃を超える温度には加熱しないのが好ましい。
図1において、ライン10を介して供給される炭化水素供給原料(たとえば90容量%を超えるメタンを含有する天然ガス)を2つの流れに分ける。第1の流れをライン12を介してサチュレーター14に送り、そこでライン16によって供給される高温水と接触する。不用の高温水はライン18を介して回収し、必要であれば再使用することができる。こうして得られる第1の炭化水素流れとスチームとの混合物を、一般には10〜60バール絶対圧の範囲の圧力で、ライン20を介して熱交換器22に送り、次いでライン24を介して熱交換改質装置28の触媒収容管26に送る。混合物は通常、300〜500℃の範囲の温度に加熱してから管26中に流入させる。簡単化のために、図面には1つの管だけが示されているが、実際には、数十もしくは数百のこのような管が存在してよい。
ライン30の一次改質ガスが、ライン32を介して供給されるフィッシャー・トロプシュ・テールガス(これについては後述する)と混合する。こうして得られる一次改質ガス/テールガス混合物がライン34を介して進み、第2の炭化水素流れ(ライン36を介して供給され、熱交換器38において予備加熱されている)と混合する。こうして得られる、一次改質ガス/テールガス/炭化水素混合物を含んだ二次改質装置供給流れを、ライン40を介して二次改質装置42に供給し、この装置にライン44を介して酸素を供給する。
実施例1
表1には、図2に示したフローシートにしたがって操作したフィッシャー・トロプシュ法に関して算出されたデータが記載されている。これらのデータは、本発明の方法が、熱交換反応器管において1.25のスチーム比をもたらすことができること、そしてこれによって、炭素の堆積を避けるためにニッケル/スチーム改質触媒を使用すると、プロセスに供給される全炭化水素を基準としてオーバーオールスチーム比は1.0である、ということを示している。
表2には、図3に示したフローシートにしたがって操作した80,000バレル/日のフィッシャー・トロプシュ法に関して算出されたデータが記載されている。これらのデータは、本発明の方法が、熱交換反応器管において0.88のスチーム比をもたらすことができること、そしてこれによって、炭素の堆積を避けるために貴金属改質触媒を使用すると、プロセスに供給される全炭化水素を基準としてオーバーオールスチーム比は0.66である、ということを示している。
Claims (6)
- a) i) 炭化水素供給原料を第1と第2の流れに分けること;
ii) 第1の流れとスチームとを混合し、第1の流れとスチームとの混合物を、熱交換改質装置の加熱管中に配置されている触媒上に通して一次改質ガスを形成させること;
iii) 一次改質ガスと第2の炭化水素流れとを含んだ二次改質装置供給流れを形成させること;
iv) 二次改質装置供給流れを酸素含有ガスで部分燃焼させ、こうして得られる部分燃焼ガスを二次改質触媒上にて平衡状態にすること;および
v) こうして得られる二次改質ガスを使用して熱交換改質装置の管を加熱し、これによって部分冷却された改質ガスを得ること;
によって炭化水素供給原料をスチーム改質に付す工程;
b) 部分冷却された改質ガスをスチームの露点未満にさらに冷却して水を凝縮させ、凝縮した水を分離して、脱水された合成ガスを得る工程;
c) 前記脱水合成ガスからフィッシャー・トロプシュ反応によって炭化水素を合成し、合成された炭化水素の少なくとも一部を分離してテールガスを得る工程;および
d) 前記テールガスの少なくとも一部を二次改質装置供給流れ中に混和してから、部分燃焼を行う工程;
を含む炭化水素の製造法。 - 第2の炭化水素流れが5〜50容量%の炭化水素供給原料を含む、請求項1記載の製造法。
- 炭化水素を合成する前に合成ガスから二酸化炭素を分離し、二次改質装置供給流れの部分燃焼の前に二次改質装置供給流れ中に加える、請求項1または請求項2に記載の製造法。
- テールガスと第2の炭化水素流れを混合し、分離した二酸化炭素とは別に一次改質ガスに加える、請求項3記載の製造法。
- 前記脱水合成ガスを、フィッシャー・トロプシュ炭化水素合成段階に移す前に炭化水素分離工程に付す、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
- 熱交換改質装置の加熱管中に配置されている触媒がニッケル触媒および/または貴金属触媒を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の製造法。
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DE60304064T2 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
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