JP2006335630A - Apparatus and method for composting - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize efficient composting at a low cost by controlling airflow and temperature depending on fermentation stages of organic wastes to provide an always-optimal fermentation environment when composting of organic wastes is performed in a cold district where fermentation conditions are severe and under an environment where fermentation conditions vary. <P>SOLUTION: In an apparatus 10 for composting, a sensor 11 for detecting fermentation stages is used to detect fermentation stages when organic wastes such as dung and urine stacked in a fermentor is fermented for composting, and a control panel 12 controls a blower 13 so that air in an amount required for each fermentation stage is supplied to the organic wastes. The control panel 12 detects the temperature of air drawn by the blower 13 with an intake-air temperature sensor 14. When the intake-air temperature decreases to a predetermined temperature or lower, the air is heated by an air heater 15 before it is supplied. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a composting apparatus and a composting method thereof, and more particularly to a composting apparatus and a composting method for composting organic waste such as manure generated from livestock and the like with aerobic microorganisms.

  Conventionally, when organic waste such as manure generated from livestock is processed and composted, the water content of the organic waste is adjusted to around 65% and then put into a fermenter for aerobic fermentation. Supplying urging air (oxygen) to the organic waste deposited from the bottom of the fermenter and intermittently switching back the organic waste, so that the input organic waste is sequentially sent from the input side to the extraction side However, a composting apparatus that composts is known.

  In this composting apparatus, the organic waste that has been input to the fermenter is intermittently turned over, and the organic waste is moved from the initial fermentation region on one end side of the fermenter to the end fermentation region on the other end side. Considering that organic waste in each area conforms to the fermentation process, adjusting the amount of air supplied to each area to improve fermentation efficiency and forming compost free from shortage of fermentation in a short time (For example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 3443055

  However, in such a composting apparatus, each area from the inlet to the outlet of the organic waste in the fermenter is divided into fermentation progress processes, and the supply amount of air can be adjusted. If the temperature of the air or the temperature of the organic waste to be introduced varies depending on the season (summer, winter) and the area of use (warm area, cold area), the rate of fermentation varies, so the fermenter area and fermentation There is a problem that the progress process becomes incompatible and an appropriate amount of air supply cannot be secured.

  In the composting apparatus described above, the fermentation area can be increased or decreased according to the type and amount of the organic waste to be input, and the number of air ejection pipe sections and air ejection pipes can be freely increased or decreased. However, there is no description on what to increase / decrease the fermentation area or increase / decrease the number of air ejection pipes and air ejection pipes based on the standard, and always provide an appropriate air supply amount for organic waste in the fermentation stage It is unclear whether it can be ensured. In particular, it is doubtful whether compost free from shortage of fermentation can be formed in a short time even in cold regions with severe fermentation conditions or in environments where fermentation conditions change. Even if the increase / decrease of the fermentation region and the number of air ejection pipe sections and the number of air ejection pipes can be increased, another problem of requiring a great cost is conceivable.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and according to the fermentation stage of organic waste, even when composting organic waste in a cold region where fermentation conditions are severe or in an environment where fermentation conditions change. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting apparatus and a composting method that can always provide an optimal fermentation environment by performing air blowing control and temperature control, and can realize efficient composting at low cost.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a fermenter for depositing and fermenting organic waste, and the organic waste through an air pipe arranged in the fermenter. A blower for supplying air to the product, a fermentation stage detection means for detecting the fermentation stage of the organic waste, and a control means for controlling the air flow rate of the blower, wherein the control means is controlled by the fermentation stage detection means. According to the detected fermentation stage of the organic waste, the blower amount of the blower is controlled to efficiently ferment the organic waste.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intake air temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the air sucked by the blower and the air heating for heating the air supplied from the blower. And the control means controls the air heating means when the temperature of the air detected by the intake air temperature detection means becomes equal to or lower than the temperature required for the fermentation stage detected by the fermentation stage detection means. Then, the air supplied from the blower is heated, and air having a temperature necessary for each fermentation stage is supplied.

  Further, the invention according to claim 3 is the composting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation stage detection means detects the heat of fermentation generated when the organic waste is fermented and composted. A sensor, wherein the organic waste starts fermentation and the compost temperature starts to rise due to the heat of fermentation; The aging of compost continues and the increase in compost temperature reaches its peak, and at least three fermentation stages of the activation stage are discriminated by the compost temperature, and the amount of air blown according to the fermentation stage based on the compost temperature detected by the compost temperature sensor And the air temperature is controlled by the control means.

  Further, the invention according to claim 4 is the composting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation stage detection means activates fermentation of the organic waste and continuously advances compost maturation. An oxygen concentration detection sensor that detects a change in oxygen concentration according to a changing oxygen consumption amount, wherein the oxygen concentration level is divided into a plurality of stages, and according to the fermentation stage based on the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection sensor The control means controls the air flow rate and the air temperature to be obtained.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a fermentation stage detection step for detecting a fermentation stage of organic waste deposited in the fermenter, and supplies the organic waste with a necessary amount of air according to the fermentation stage. An air supply step, wherein the air supply step controls the amount of blown air according to the fermentation stage of the organic waste.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the composting method according to claim 5, wherein an intake air temperature detecting step for detecting an intake air temperature of air blown to the organic waste, and the intake air is converted into the organic waste. An air heating step for heating before blowing to the object, and heating the air before blowing to the organic waste when the detected intake air temperature is below the air temperature required for the fermentation stage. The method is characterized by supplying air at a temperature required for each fermentation stage.

  Further, the invention according to claim 7 is the composting method according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation stage detection step detects the heat of fermentation generated when the organic waste is fermented and composted. A fermentation stage is discriminated. The organic waste starts fermentation and the initial rise stage where the compost temperature starts to rise due to fermentation heat; the rise stage where the fermentation progresses further and the compost temperature rises rapidly; It is possible to determine at least three fermentation stages of the activation stage where the compost maturation progresses continuously and the rise of the compost temperature reaches its peak, and the blast volume and air temperature corresponding to the fermentation stage are obtained. It is characterized by controlling to.

  Further, the invention according to claim 8 is the composting method according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation stage detection step is activated as fermentation of the organic waste is activated and compost maturation progresses continuously. The fermentation stage is discriminated by detecting a change in oxygen concentration according to the changing oxygen consumption. The oxygen concentration level is divided into a plurality of stages, the fermentation stage is discriminated by the oxygen concentration, and the fermentation stage is fed. Control is made so that the air volume and the air temperature are obtained.

  Since the composting apparatus concerning Claim 1 controls the ventilation volume of an air blower according to the fermentation stage of the organic waste which the control means detected by the fermentation stage detection means, even under the environment where fermentation conditions change. The air necessary for each fermentation step of organic waste can be supplied appropriately. For this reason, efficient composting becomes possible, and since the air volume of the blower is controlled according to the fermentation stage, power saving of the blower can be achieved, and homogeneous compost can be provided at low cost. There is an effect.

  Further, the composting apparatus according to claim 2 further controls the air heating means to control the organic waste from the blower when the intake air temperature detected by the intake air temperature detection means is below the temperature required for the fermentation stage. By heating the air supplied to the product, it is possible to always supply air having a temperature suitable for the fermentation stage. For this reason, even in cold regions where the fermentation conditions are severe, it is possible to supply air at a temperature according to the fermentation stage, and it is possible to efficiently compost without suppressing the progress of fermentation. Play.

  The composting apparatus according to claim 3 uses a compost temperature sensor that detects fermentation heat generated when organic waste is fermented and composted as fermentation stage detection means, and discriminates at least three fermentation stages. It is possible to control the air flow rate and the air temperature according to the fermentation stage. In particular, during the period of large change in compost temperature from the start of the fermentation of organic waste to activation like primary fermentation, the fermentation stage can be easily discriminated by the compost temperature due to fermentation heat, and aerobic Since the fermentation of organic waste proceeds using microorganisms with oxygen and fermentation heat is generated, the amount of blast required from the compost temperature is utilized by utilizing the close relationship between the compost temperature and the required amount of air (oxygen). Can be determined. If the air in the cold region in winter is supplied as it is, the temperature of the supplied air decreases at the initial stage of fermentation, and there is a risk that fermentation by aerobic microorganisms will not proceed. Heat and supply until before and after. In the subsequent start-up stage and activation stage, aerobic microorganisms propagate and fermentation proceeds to generate fermentation heat. Therefore, heating of air is not required unless the change in the compost temperature is affected so much. In this way, the fertilization temperature sensor detects the fermentation stage of organic waste and controls the air flow and air temperature according to the fermentation stage, so it can be used in cold regions where fermentation conditions are severe or in environments where fermentation conditions change. Even so, efficient composting is possible, and homogeneous compost can be provided at low cost.

  Further, the composting apparatus according to claim 4 is a change in oxygen concentration according to oxygen consumption that changes as fermentation of organic waste is activated as a fermentation stage detection means and aging of compost progresses continuously. By using an oxygen concentration detection sensor that detects the amount of oxygen and controlling the level of oxygen concentration divided into multiple stages so that the necessary air flow and air temperature can be obtained, an appropriate fermentation environment according to the fermentation stage Can be arranged. In particular, during the period in which fermentation of organic waste is activated and compost maturation proceeds continuously as in secondary fermentation, the amount of oxygen necessary for fermentation decreases as the compost matures. By detecting this, it is possible to determine the necessary blowing amount. As with the case of claim 3, the temperature of the supplied air is not required to be heated unless the change of the compost temperature is affected so much. In this way, the oxygen concentration detection sensor detects the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the surface of the organic waste and controls the air flow and air temperature according to the fermentation stage corresponding to the oxygen concentration. Efficient composting is possible even in an environment where the ground and fermentation conditions change, and there is an effect that homogeneous compost can be provided at low cost.

  Further, the composting method according to claim 5 detects the fermentation stage of the organic waste accumulated in the fermenter and supplies the organic waste with a necessary amount of air corresponding to the fermentation stage. Even under an environment where conditions change, it is possible to appropriately supply air necessary for each fermentation stage of organic waste. For this reason, efficient composting becomes possible, and since the required amount of air corresponding to the fermentation stage is blown, power can be saved, and uniform compost can be provided at low cost.

  The composting method according to claim 6 further detects the intake air temperature of the air sent to the organic waste, and if the detected intake air temperature is below the air temperature required for the fermentation stage, the organic waste It can be heated before it is blown into the product to provide air at the temperature required for each fermentation stage. For this reason, even in cold regions where the fermentation conditions are severe, it is possible to supply air at a temperature according to the fermentation stage, and it is possible to efficiently compost without suppressing the progress of fermentation. Play.

  In the composting method according to claim 7, the fermentation stage detection step determines the fermentation stage by detecting the fermentation heat generated when the organic waste is fermented and composted. The air flow rate and the air temperature can be controlled. In particular, during the period of large change in compost temperature from the start of fermentation of organic wastes to activation like primary fermentation, the fermentation stage can be easily determined by the compost temperature due to fermentation heat, Since aerobic microorganisms use oxygen to ferment organic waste and generate fermentation heat, it is necessary to use the fact that compost temperature and the required amount of air (oxygen) are closely related to each other. The amount of blast can be determined. The temperature of the supplied air may be reduced to a certain temperature (for example, around 15 ° C.) because if the air in a cold region in winter is supplied as it is, the temperature may drop at the initial stage of fermentation and the fermentation may not proceed. Heat and supply. In the subsequent start-up stage and activation stage, aerobic microorganisms propagate and fermentation progresses to generate heat of fermentation. Therefore, it is not necessary to heat the air unless the change in compost temperature is affected so much. In this way, the fermentation stage of organic waste is detected by detecting the compost temperature, and the air volume and air temperature are controlled according to the fermentation stage. Even under such circumstances, efficient composting is possible, and homogeneous compost can be provided at low cost.

  Further, in the composting method according to claim 8, in the fermentation stage detection step, the fermentation of the organic waste is activated, and the oxygen concentration changes according to the oxygen consumption amount that changes as the compost matures continuously. The fermentation stage is discriminated by detecting the air flow, and the air flow and the air temperature corresponding to the fermentation stage based on the detected oxygen concentration level can be controlled. In particular, during the period in which fermentation of organic waste is activated and compost maturation progresses like secondary fermentation, the change in compost temperature is small, but the amount of oxygen required for fermentation increases with compost maturation. Since it decreases, it is possible to determine the necessary blowing amount by detecting the oxygen concentration. If the temperature of the supplied air does not affect the change state of the compost temperature as much as in the case of claim 6, it is not necessary to heat the air. In this way, the oxygen concentration near the surface of organic waste is detected and controlled so that the air flow and air temperature according to the fermentation stage corresponding to the oxygen concentration are controlled. Even under the changing environment, efficient composting is possible, and homogeneous compost can be provided at low cost.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a composting apparatus and a composting method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating characteristic components of a composting apparatus according to the present invention.
It is a conceptual block diagram common to Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 mentioned later. As shown in FIG. 1, the composting apparatus 10 of the present invention detects a fermentation stage when fermenting and composting organic waste such as manure deposited in a fermenter (not shown). A fermentation stage detection sensor 11 as a stage detection means, a control panel 12 as a control means for controlling the operation of the composting apparatus 10 as a whole, and a blower for supplying air to an organic waste through a vent pipe (not shown). 13. Intake air temperature sensor 14 as an intake air temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of air taken in by the blower 13 and air heating for heating air supplied from the blower 13 when the intake air temperature is too low at a specific fermentation stage It comprises an air heater 15 as a means.

  The fermentation stage detection sensor 11 is a sensor for detecting at which stage the fermentation process of organic waste divided into a plurality of stages is present. In the first embodiment, a thermocouple or the like is used. The compost temperature sensor 111 that detects the fermentation stage based on the measured compost temperature is used. In the second embodiment, the fermentation stage is determined by measuring the oxygen concentration near the surface of the organic waste deposited in the fermenter. An oxygen concentration sensor 112 for detection is used.

  The control panel 12 controls the blower 13 to supply a necessary amount of air to the organic waste according to the fermentation stage detected by the fermentation stage detection sensor 11. Also, in cold districts, if the blower 13 directly sucks outside air and supplies it to organic waste, the temperature required at the initial start of fermentation cannot be obtained, so the intake air temperature sensor 14 and the air heater 15 are used. The First, when the intake air temperature detected by the intake air temperature sensor 14 is equal to or lower than the temperature required for the initial start of fermentation (about 15 ° C.), the control panel 12 refers to the fermentation stage detected by the fermentation stage detection sensor 11, When the air temperature is too low, the air heater 15 is controlled so as to be heated after being heated to a temperature suitable for the fermentation stage.

(Embodiment 1)
The feature of the first embodiment is that the fermentation process in the primary fermentation of organic waste is divided into at least three stages of an initial rising stage, a rising stage, and an activation stage depending on the compost temperature, and fermentation required for each fermentation stage. By defining the conditions (the amount of air to be supplied and the air temperature) and adjusting the amount of air required for each fermentation stage, the operation of the blower is changed and the ratio of the stop time is changed to perform intermittent operation. In addition to eliminating the heat, when the fermentation progresses and the compost temperature rises above a certain temperature, heating of the air is stopped to reduce the amount of electricity used as much as possible.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the composting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The control panel 12, the blower 13, the intake air temperature sensor 14, and the air heater 15 in FIG. 2 are the same as those in FIG.

  The compost temperature sensor 111 in FIG. 2 which is a characteristic component of the first embodiment is an example of the fermentation stage detection sensor 11 in FIG. 1, and the organic waste 21 deposited in the fermenter 20 is fermented. Then, the temperature of compost that changes due to the heat generated when composting is detected, and the fermentation stage is detected.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the air supplied from the blower 13 to the organic waste 21 in the fermenter 20 through the blower pipe 24 is a midway air heater 15, a pressure gauge setting unit 22, and an air volume adjustment. After passing through the valve 23, it is first supplied to a header pipe (not shown) disposed in a concave groove (not shown) in the bottom wall made of concrete of the fermenter 20, and comb teeth are further spaced from the header pipe at predetermined intervals. Are branched and supplied to a plurality of air supply pipes (not shown) extending in a shape, and air is supplied to the organic waste from a plurality of jets (not shown) provided in the air supply pipes. In addition, this spout is covered with a wood chip (not shown) etc. so that it may not be clogged with the accumulated organic waste.

  Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the primary fermentation process of organic waste in Embodiment 1, wherein the horizontal axis is the number of days required for fermentation (1-7 days), and the vertical axis is supplied to the organic waste. The amount of air blown and compost temperature are shown.

  Specifically, for example, when Lo ° C (intake air temperature) is 0 ° C, L ° C (compost temperature) that determines the heater operation period is set to 15 ° C, and S ° C (compost temperature) that shifts from the initial rising stage to the rising stage ) Is set to 40 ° C., and H ° C. (composting temperature) that shifts from the rising stage to the activation stage is preset to 80 ° C. (standard value).

  In this way, the fertilizer can be divided based on the compost temperature as shown in FIG. 3 simply by setting the reference temperature and the operation pattern in advance by the user of the composting apparatus (setting is not necessary in the case of the standard value). When air is supplied to the organic waste from the blower in accordance with the operation pattern according to the stage and the intake air temperature is low, during the period in which the compost temperature does not exceed a certain temperature, the electric heater 15 is operated to start the fermentation. Air at a necessary temperature can be supplied at the time of rising.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the initial rising stage refers to a period until the organic waste introduced into the fermentor starts fermentation and the compost temperature rises to S ° C. (about 40 ° C.) due to the heat of fermentation (No. 1). 1 stage). At this stage, the activity of aerobic microorganisms has not yet increased so much, so the amount of air may be small (intermittent operation pattern L with 4 minutes of operation and 20 minutes of stoppage), but the intake air temperature is Lo ° C (about 0 ° C) If the air is supplied as it is, the fermentation may not proceed. Therefore, the air is heated after being heated by an air heater so that the temperature becomes L ° C. (about 15 ° C.) or higher. The operation of the air heater 15 is continued for a period until the compost temperature reaches L ° C. (about 15 ° C.) in the initial rising stage.

  Subsequently, the rising stage refers to a period from when the fermentation further proceeds until the compost temperature rapidly rises from S ° C. (about 40 ° C.) to H ° C. (about 80 ° C.) (second stage). At this stage, the activity of aerobic microorganisms becomes active, so a certain amount of air is required (intermittent operation pattern H with 7 minutes of operation and 20 minutes of stoppage), but the compost temperature is as high as 40 ° C or higher. The supplied air temperature does not necessarily have to be L ° C. (about 15 ° C.) or higher, and the air heater 15 is not operated.

  Further, the activation stage refers to a period in which the temperature rises peak after the fermentation is activated and the compost temperature exceeds H ° C. (about 80 ° C.), and compost maturation proceeds continuously (third stage). At this stage, aerobic microorganisms are most active, so a large amount of air is required (here, a continuous operation pattern is used, but an intermittent operation pattern with a higher operating time ratio may be used). Since the compost temperature is very high, the supplied air temperature does not need to be L ° C. (about 15 ° C.) or higher, and the air heater 15 is not operated.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, only one compost temperature sensor 111 is depicted in the drawing. However, the present invention is not limited to one, and a plurality of sensors are used as the organic waste 21. The temperature distribution of the entire organic waste 21 may be detected and controlled based on the temperature distribution. Here, the temperature distribution of the organic waste 21 is detected in advance (or at regular intervals) using a plurality of sensors, and compost representing the control target (organic waste in the fermenter) from the detected temperature distribution. Only the temperature sensor is left, and during normal use, the controlled object is simply controlled based on the measured value. In addition, even when there are multiple control targets, if they are related to each other and the measurement values can be predicted, it is possible to predict and control the measurement values of other control targets from the measurement values of the reference sensor It becomes. Such a control method is very useful because it can be quickly controlled at a low cost when controlling an object for which strict control is not required. Further, the temperature setting of L, S, and H, the setting of the intermittent operation pattern, the setting of the air flow rate, and the like in the first embodiment may be set to values that can provide cost merit through experiments or the like.

(Embodiment 2)
The feature of the second embodiment is that the fermentation process in the secondary fermentation of organic waste is divided into a plurality of fermentation stages by detecting the oxygen concentration near the surface of the organic waste, and according to each fermentation stage. In addition, the necessary amount of air is properly supplied, and when the supplied air temperature is lower than the set value, the electric heater is operated to eliminate as much as possible the fermentation inhibition factor.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the composting apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fermentation of the organic waste 21 transferred to the secondary fermenter reaches an aging stage and is composted here. . The control panel 12, the blower 13, the intake air temperature sensor 14, the air heater 15, the pressure gauge setting unit 22, the air volume adjustment valve 23, and the blower pipe 24 in FIG. 4 are substantially the same as those in FIGS. 1 and 2. Description of the configuration is omitted. In addition, the fermenter 20 which performs the secondary fermentation shown in FIG. 4 is the figure seen from the injection | throwing-in side or the taking-out side, and it travels from the taking-out side to the charging | throwing-in side (depth direction of a figure), rotating the linear stirring machine 70. By doing so, the organic waste 21 in the fermenter 20 is moved little by little from the input side to the extraction side while stirring.

  The oxygen concentration detection sensor 112 in FIG. 4 which is a characteristic component of the second embodiment is an example of the fermentation stage detection sensor 11 in FIG. 1, and the organic waste 21 deposited in the fermenter 20 is Since oxygen is consumed in the process of fermenting and composting, the oxygen concentration tends to decrease in the vicinity where the fermentation is actively performed. For this reason, by detecting the oxygen concentration, the state of fermentation is known and the necessary amount of air is also found, so that the fermentation stage can be detected based on this.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram of the entire fermenter for secondary fermentation shown in FIG. 4 as viewed from the lateral direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the fermenter 20 for secondary fermentation inputs organic waste after primary fermentation from the input side, and runs from the extraction side to the input side while rotating the linear stirring machine 70. As a result, the organic waste in the fermenter 20 is agitated to improve the passage of air so that homogenous fermentation can be performed and moved to the right side of the fermenter 20 little by little. The degree of maturation of fermentation is increased, and the composted organic waste 21 can be taken out from the right extraction side.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, the four fans (1) 131 to the fan (4) 134 are arranged in order from the input side to the output side of the fermenter 20, and air corresponding to each fermentation state. The quantity can be supplied individually.

  Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the secondary fermentation process of organic waste in Embodiment 2, where the horizontal axis is the number of days required for fermentation (1 to 25 days), and the vertical axis is supplied to the organic waste. The blast volume, compost temperature, and oxygen concentration are shown. Although this FIG. 6 can also be considered that the state of the fermentation control performed with the passage of days for the organic waste input after the completion of the primary fermentation, the fermenter 20 for secondary fermentation, Since it is configured as shown in FIG. 5 and is sequentially moved to the right according to the fermentation stage, the time axis in FIG. 6 can be replaced with the positional relationship of the fermenter 20 in FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5, the oxygen concentration detection sensor 112 is disposed in the vicinity of the surface of the organic waste 21 on which the blower (1) 131 is disposed, and the organic system just after the primary fermentation is finished. The oxygen concentration of the waste 21 can be detected. As shown in FIG. 6, the tendency of oxygen consumption in the secondary fermentation is that when the secondary fermentation is continuously carried out and the fermentation enters the ripening stage, the activity of the aerobic microorganisms gradually begins to decline. Along with this, the oxygen consumption gradually decreases, and the fermentation temperature (compost temperature) tends to decrease. As a result, as can be seen from the oxygen concentration curve, the oxygen concentration increases as the aging progresses.

  In setting the operation pattern of each blower in the four fermentation stages shown in FIG. 6, the oxygen concentration detection sensors 112 are disposed in advance at least four locations (near the top of the organic waste supplied from each blower), A necessary air amount is calculated based on each detected oxygen concentration, and an intermittent operation pattern in which the operation time and stop time of each blower are combined is created. For example, the intermittent operation pattern of the blower (1) operates the blower for 9 minutes and stops for 51 minutes, the blower (2) operates the blower for 7 minutes and stops for 53 minutes, and the blower (3) The air blower (4) is operated for 6 minutes and stopped for 54 minutes, and the blower (4) is operated for 4 minutes and stopped for 56 minutes. Such a gradual decrease tendency of the required air amount is consistent with the tendency that the fermentation has settled as the fermentation enters the aging stage.

  Further, the intake air temperature by the blower is set to L ° C. (about 15 ° C.) here as the set intake air temperature, and when the detected value of the intake air temperature sensor 14 in FIG. It is controlled by the control panel 12 to supply after heating. If the intake air temperature is 15 ° C. or higher, it is supplied without using the air heater 15.

  Thus, according to Embodiment 2, the fermentation process of the organic waste in the fermenter is divided into a plurality of fermentation stages, each fermentation stage is detected based on the oxygen concentration, and the air required for each fermentation stage Since automatic control is performed so that the volume and air temperature conditions are satisfied, there is no hassle, and it is possible to perform a waste-free fermentation process based on the conditions suitable for each fermentation stage. The amount used can be greatly reduced. For example, in the above-mentioned case, the stepwise intermittent operation requires about 1/6 to 1/14 of the electricity consumption, and on average, about 1/8 is sufficient. Significant reduction in electricity consumption can be realized.

  Further, as for the usage status of the air heater 15, since the heater is used only when the set intake air temperature is set and becomes lower than the set intake air temperature, the case of FIG. 6 is compared with the case where the heater is continuously used. Can reduce the amount of electricity used for the electric heater to 1/2 or less.

  In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, only one oxygen concentration detection sensor 112 is depicted in the drawing. However, the present invention is not limited to one, and a plurality of sensors are always arranged. The intermittent operation pattern of each blower may be selected based on the detected oxygen concentration value.

  As described above, the composting apparatus and composting method according to the present invention are useful for recycling organic waste, and are particularly suitable for recycling organic waste such as manure.

It is a block diagram explaining the characteristic component of the composting apparatus concerning this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the composting apparatus concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a primary fermentation process of organic waste in Embodiment 1. It is a schematic block diagram of the composting apparatus concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is the figure which looked at the whole fermenter for secondary fermentation shown in FIG. 4 from the horizontal direction. It is a diagram which shows the secondary fermentation process of the organic waste in Embodiment 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Composting apparatus 11 Fermentation stage detection sensor 12 Control panel 13 Blower 14 Intake air temperature sensor 15 Air heater 20 Fermenter 21 Organic waste 22 Pressure gauge set part 23 Air flow rate adjustment valve 24 Blow pipe 70 Linear stirring machine 111 Compost temperature Sensor 112 Oxygen concentration detection sensor 131 Blower (1)
132 Blower (2)
133 Blower (3)
134 Blower (4)

Claims (8)

A fermentor for depositing and fermenting organic waste;
A blower for supplying air to the organic waste through an air pipe arranged in the fermentor;
Fermentation stage detection means for detecting the fermentation stage of the organic waste,
Control means for controlling the air flow rate of the blower,
The composting apparatus, wherein the control means controls the amount of air blown from the blower according to the fermentation stage of the organic waste detected by the fermentation stage detection means, and efficiently ferments the organic waste. Intake air temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the air taken in by the blower;
An air heating means for heating the air supplied from the blower,
The control means controls the air heating means and is supplied from the blower when the temperature of the air detected by the intake air temperature detection means becomes equal to or lower than the temperature required for the fermentation stage detected by the fermentation stage detection means. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air is heated to supply air having a temperature necessary for each fermentation stage. The fermentation stage detection means is a compost temperature sensor for detecting fermentation heat generated when the organic waste is fermented and composted,
The organic waste starts fermentation and the initial rise stage where the compost temperature starts to rise due to the fermentation heat; the rise stage where the fermentation further progresses and the compost temperature rises rapidly; As the maturation progresses, at least three fermentation stages of the activation stage where the rise of the compost temperature reaches its peak are discriminated by the compost temperature, and the air flow rate and the air temperature corresponding to the fermentation stage based on the compost temperature detected by the compost temperature sensor are obtained. The composting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the composting apparatus is controlled by the control means. The fermentation stage detection means is an oxygen concentration detection sensor that detects a change in oxygen concentration according to an oxygen consumption amount that changes as the fermentation of the organic waste is activated and the compost maturation progresses continuously. And
The oxygen concentration level is divided into a plurality of stages, and the control means controls the air flow rate and the air temperature according to the fermentation stage based on the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection sensor. 2. The composting apparatus according to 2. A fermentation stage detection step for detecting the fermentation stage of organic waste deposited in the fermenter;
An air supply step for supplying the organic waste with a necessary amount of air according to a fermentation stage,
In the air supply step, the composting method is characterized in that the blast volume is controlled according to the fermentation stage of the organic waste. An intake air temperature detection step for detecting an intake air temperature of air blown to the organic waste;
An air heating step of heating the sucked air before blowing it to the organic waste,
When the detected intake air temperature is lower than the air temperature required for the fermentation stage, the air is heated before blowing to the organic waste, and the air at the temperature required for each fermentation stage is supplied. The composting method according to claim 5. The fermentation stage detection step is to determine the fermentation stage by detecting fermentation heat generated when the organic waste is fermented and composted.
The organic waste starts fermentation and the initial rise stage where the compost temperature starts to rise due to the fermentation heat; the rise stage where the fermentation further progresses and the compost temperature rises rapidly; It is characterized by discriminating at least three fermentation stages of the activation stage where the rise of the compost temperature reaches its peak with the compost temperature, and controlling so that the blast volume and the air temperature according to the fermentation stage can be obtained. The composting method according to claim 6. The fermentation stage detection step discriminates the fermentation stage by detecting a change in oxygen concentration according to an oxygen consumption amount that is changed as the fermentation of the organic waste is activated and the compost maturation progresses continuously. What to do
The composting method according to claim 6, wherein the oxygen concentration level is divided into a plurality of stages, the fermentation stage is discriminated by the oxygen concentration, and control is performed so as to obtain an air flow rate and an air temperature according to the fermentation stage. .

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