JP2006322064A - High moldability aluminum material - Google Patents
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、自動車ボディシート、自動車部品、機械部品などの組立時に要求される高度なヘム曲げ性およびボディ形成や筐体形成時のプレス成形などの板成形性に優れたアルミニウム材料に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an aluminum material having excellent hem bendability required at the time of assembling automobile body sheets, automobile parts, machine parts, and the like, and plate formability such as press forming at the time of body formation or housing formation.
自動車は、ボディシートなどのアルミ化が進んでおり、アウター材にはベークハード性（塗装焼付時の加熱で析出硬化する性質）に優れ、塗装焼付後に高強度となる６０００系（Ａｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ系）アルミニウム合金が多用され、インナー材には絞り成形性に優れた５０００系（Ａｌ−Ｍｇ系）アルミニウム合金が使用されている。
この６０００系アルミニウム合金からなるアウター材は、通常インナー材とかしめて用いられるヘム曲げと呼ばれる曲げ加工性に優れることが要求されるが、６０００系（Ａｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ系合金板）は、このヘム曲げ加工性が劣り、特にベークハード性を高めるために高温で溶体化処理した材料では著しくこのヘム曲げ加工性が劣るという問題がある。
Automobiles are being made of aluminium such as body sheets. Outer materials are excellent in bake hardness (property that precipitates and hardens when heated during paint baking), and high strength after paint baking (6000 series) (Al-Mg- Si-based) aluminum alloys are frequently used, and 5000-based (Al-Mg-based) aluminum alloys having excellent drawability are used as the inner material.
The outer material made of this 6000 series aluminum alloy is required to be excellent in bending workability called hem bending, which is usually used by caulking with the inner material, but 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si based alloy plate) There is a problem that bending workability is inferior, and particularly in a material solution-treated at a high temperature in order to enhance the bake hardness, the hem bending workability is remarkably deteriorated.
更に、この６０００系アルミニウム合金のアウター材には、自動車のデザインを決定するために制約の少ない板成形の一種であるプレス成形性が良いことも必要とされているが、一般に従来の鋼板や５０００系アルミニウム合金板に比較してプレス成形性が劣り、自動車部品のリサイクル問題を考慮した使用材質の統合化を図る上で、その改善が望まれている。 Further, the outer material of the 6000 series aluminum alloy is required to have good press formability, which is a kind of plate forming with less restrictions in order to determine the design of an automobile. The press formability is inferior to that of aluminum-based aluminum alloy plates, and improvements are desired in order to integrate the materials used in consideration of the problem of recycling automobile parts.
このような状況において、曲げ加工性の向上には、アルミニウム合金板表面硬さを制御する方法（特許文献１参照）、結晶粒サイズや析出物サイズを制御する方法（例えば、特許文献２、３参照）、アルミニウム合金板表面の結晶方位を制御する方法（例えば、特許文献４、５参照）、アルミニウム合金板全体の結晶方位を制御する方法（特許文献６参照）、アルミニウム合金表面から一定深さまでの結晶方位を制御ずることで曲げ加工性を制御する方法（例えば、特許文献７参照）などが提案されている。 In such a situation, for improving the bending workability, a method for controlling the surface hardness of the aluminum alloy plate (see Patent Document 1), a method for controlling the crystal grain size and the precipitate size (for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3). Reference), a method of controlling the crystal orientation of the surface of the aluminum alloy plate (for example, see Patent Documents 4 and 5), a method of controlling the crystal orientation of the entire aluminum alloy plate (see Patent Document 6), from the aluminum alloy surface to a certain depth. A method of controlling the bending workability by controlling the crystal orientation of (see, for example, Patent Document 7) has been proposed.
板成形の向上に対しては、アルミニウム合金板の圧延方向に対する０°、４５°、９０°方向のランクフォード値を制御することによりプレス成形性を高める方法（例えば、特許文献８、９参照）、並びに引張強度と耐力の関係及びアルミニウム合金板表面の結晶粒サイズと無析出帯（ＰＦＺ）を制御することでプレス成形性と曲げ加工性を高める方法（特許文献１０参照）が提案されている。 For improving plate forming, press formability is improved by controlling the Rankford values in the 0 °, 45 °, and 90 ° directions relative to the rolling direction of the aluminum alloy plate (see, for example, Patent Documents 8 and 9). In addition, a method for improving press formability and bending workability by controlling the relationship between tensile strength and proof stress and the crystal grain size and precipitation free zone (PFZ) of the aluminum alloy plate surface has been proposed (see Patent Document 10). .
非特許文献１には、板成形における結晶粒の結晶方位と板成形性の良否の関係が、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位およびＣｏｐｐｅｒ方位の単結晶方位材料から求めた結果を基にして行なわれた最適設計で述べられている。又、非特許文献２では、板成形の一種である深絞り加工における単方位結晶粒材料の変形能の違いが示されている。 In Non-Patent Document 1, the relationship between the crystal orientation of crystal grains and the quality of plate formability in plate forming was determined based on the results obtained from single crystal orientation materials of Cube, Brass, and Copper orientations. Is stated in the design. Non-Patent Document 2 shows a difference in deformability of a unidirectional grain material in deep drawing, which is a kind of plate forming.
しかしながら、特に自動車のボディシートには、ボディの組立に必要であるヘム曲げのような強烈な曲げ加工とボディ形状を精緻に加工する上で必要となるプレス成形性に代表される板成形性の両者が高いレベルで要求されるが、上記従来技術（特許文献１〜７参照）では、ヘム曲げ性を向上されることは可能であったが、同時に板成形性を従来の鋼製ボディと同等のレベルに引き上げることは難しく、逆に特許文献８、９のように板成形性のレベルを引き上げようとするとヘム曲げ性のレベルが低くなくなり、又両者が向上されるとする特許文献１０に示される技術を以ってしても、その板成形性レベルの獲得は難しいものであった。
However, especially for automobile body seats, it has strong plate forming properties such as hem bending, which is necessary for the assembly of the body, and plate formability typified by press formability required for precise processing of the body shape. Although both are required at a high level, the above-described prior art (see Patent Documents 1 to 7) can improve the hem bendability, but at the same time, the plate formability is equivalent to that of a conventional steel body. However, it is difficult to raise the sheet formability as shown in Patent Documents 8 and 9, and it is shown in
このような状況において、本発明者は、結晶粒の結晶方位分布がヘム曲げ性、板成形性に与える影響を検討した結果、ヘム曲げ性及び板成形性を高レベルで両立できる本発明を見出し、提供することを目的とするものである。
なお、本発明の係る材料は、材料を構成する結晶粒を、その結晶粒が示す結晶方位のうち、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の３者の割合を制御することで、ヘム曲げのような峻烈な曲げやプレス成形のような板成形の両特性に優れたアルミニウム材料を提供するものである。
Under such circumstances, the present inventors have examined the influence of the crystal orientation distribution of crystal grains on hem bendability and plate formability, and as a result, found the present invention that can achieve both hem bendability and plate formability at a high level. Is intended to provide.
In the material according to the present invention, the crystal grains constituting the material can be shaped like a hem bend by controlling the ratio of three of the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation among the crystal orientations indicated by the crystal grains. The present invention provides an aluminum material excellent in both the characteristics of plate forming such as sharp and sharp bending and press forming.
通常、圧延板の集合組織は、板材の圧延面と圧延方向（ＡＢＣ）と<ＤＥＦ>の関係で表現する。（Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｆは整数。）ここで、板材の結晶集合組織の結晶方位分布とは、ランダムな方位に対する各板材に特有な結晶方位の分布を、結晶方位の比率を表したものである。 Usually, the texture of a rolled sheet is expressed by the relationship between the rolled surface of the sheet, the rolling direction (ABC), and <DEF>. (A, B, C, D, E, and F are integers.) Here, the crystal orientation distribution of the crystal texture of the plate material is a distribution of crystal orientation specific to each plate material relative to a random orientation, and a ratio of crystal orientation. It represents.
本発明では、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位を対象として評価した。Ｃｕｂｅ方位とは、（１００）<００１>方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位は、（０１１）<２１１>方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位は、（１１２）<１１１>方位に結晶が配向しているものを表すものとする。なお、実際の板材の方位は、前記Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位のそれぞれの理想方位からはずれを生じるために、各結晶方位の占有率は、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の各結晶の理想方位を中心に±５度までずれた結晶方位を含んだものをＣｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位と定義した。 In the present invention, evaluation was made on the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation. The Cube orientation represents the (100) <001> orientation, the Brass orientation represents the (011) <211> orientation, and the Copper orientation represents that the crystal is oriented in the (112) <111> orientation. Since the actual orientation of the plate material deviates from the ideal orientation of each of the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation, the occupancy of each crystal orientation is the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation of each crystal. Cubic orientation, Brass orientation, and Copper orientation were defined as including a crystal orientation shifted by ± 5 degrees from the ideal orientation.
請求項１記載の発明は、結晶方位の異なる結晶粒で構成されるアルミニウム材料であって、前記結晶粒が、Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒と、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒と、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒、及び残部が他方位結晶粒からなり、各結晶粒の方位として、Ｃｕｂｅ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．３から０．７、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．１から０．５、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．２以下、且つこれらの方位の総占有率が０．４から１．０であり、残部がその他の結晶方位の結晶粒であることを特徴とするアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 1 is an aluminum material composed of crystal grains having different crystal orientations, the crystal grains being Cube orientation crystal grains, Brass orientation crystal grains, Copper orientation crystal grains, and the rest being other The crystal grain occupancy is from 0.3 to 0.7, the Brass crystal grain occupancy is from 0.1 to 0.5, and the Copper orientation is the orientation of each crystal grain. An aluminum material characterized in that the occupation ratio of crystal grains is 0.2 or less, the total occupation ratio of these orientations is 0.4 to 1.0, and the balance is crystal grains of other crystal orientations .
請求項２記載の発明は、結晶方位の異なる結晶粒で構成されるアルミニウム材料であって、前記結晶粒が、Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒と、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒と、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒、及び残部が他方位結晶粒からなり、各結晶粒の方位として、Ｃｕｂｅ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．４から０．６、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．２から０．４、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．０５から０．１、且つこれらの方位の総占有率が０．６から０．９であり、残部がその他の結晶方位の結晶粒であることを特徴とするアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 2 is an aluminum material composed of crystal grains having different crystal orientations, the crystal grains being Cube orientation crystal grains, Brass orientation crystal grains, Copper orientation crystal grains, and the rest being other The crystal grain occupancy is 0.4 to 0.6, the Brass crystal grain occupancy is 0.2 to 0.4, and the Copper orientation is the orientation of each crystal grain. Aluminum having a crystal grain occupancy of 0.05 to 0.1, a total occupancy of these orientations of 0.6 to 0.9, and the balance being crystal grains of other crystal orientations Material.
請求項３記載の発明は、結晶方位の異なる結晶粒で構成されるアルミニウムであって、前記結晶粒が、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒と、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒、及び残部が他方位結晶粒からなり、各結晶粒の方位として、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．２から０．４、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の結晶粒の占有率が０．０５から０．１、且つこれらの方位の総占有率が０．６から０．９であり、残部がその他の結晶方位の結晶粒とで構成され板成形性に優れることを特徴とするアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 3 is aluminum composed of crystal grains having different crystal orientations, wherein the crystal grains are composed of Brass-oriented crystal grains, Copper-oriented crystal grains, and the balance is the other-order crystal grains, As the orientation of crystal grains, the occupancy ratio of Brass-oriented crystal grains is 0.2 to 0.4, the occupancy ratio of Copper-oriented crystal grains is 0.05 to 0.1, and the total occupancy ratio of these orientations is 0. .6 to 0.9, and the balance is composed of crystal grains having other crystal orientations and is excellent in sheet formability.
請求項４記載の発明は、３０ｍｍの張出し高さで張出し表面上に割れを生じない板成形性を有し、且つ、ヘム曲げ性における曲げ表面上の割れが生じない範囲が、曲げ半径／板厚の比で０．５以下のヘム曲げ性を有することを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項２のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 4 has a plate formability that does not cause cracks on the surface of the overhang at an overhang height of 30 mm, and the range in which no cracks occur on the bending surface in the hem bendability is within the bending radius / plate. 3. The aluminum material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material has a hem bendability of 0.5 or less in terms of thickness ratio.
請求項５記載の発明は、５０ｍｍの張出し高さで張出し表面上に割れを生じない板成形性を有し、且つ、ヘム曲げ性における曲げ表面上の割れが生じない範囲が、曲げ半径／板厚の比で０．２５以下のヘム曲げ性を有することを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項２のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 5 has a plate formability that does not cause cracks on the surface of the overhang at an overhang height of 50 mm, and the range in which no cracks occur on the bending surface in the hem bendability is within the bending radius / plate. 3. The aluminum material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum material has a hem bendability of 0.25 or less in thickness ratio.
請求項６記載の発明は、前記アルミニウム材料が、Ｍｇを０．２５から１．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｉを０．５から１．３ｍａｓｓ％、残部Ａｌと不可避不純物とからなるアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム材料である。 The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the aluminum material is an aluminum alloy composed of Mg of 0.25 to 1.0 mass%, Si of 0.5 to 1.3 mass%, the balance Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
請求項７記載の発明は、請求項４あるいは請求項５のいずれかに記載のアルミニウム材料を用いた自動車部材である。 The invention according to claim 7 is an automobile member using the aluminum material according to claim 4 or 5.
請求項８記載の発明は、前記アルミニウム材料が、Ｍｇを０．２５から１．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｉを０．５から１．３ｍａｓｓ％、残部Ａｌと不可避不純物とかなるアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の自動車部材である。 The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the aluminum material is an aluminum alloy composed of Mg of 0.25 to 1.0 mass%, Si of 0.5 to 1.3 mass%, the balance Al and inevitable impurities. The automobile member according to claim 7.
本発明によれば、自動車ボディシート、自動車部品、機械部品などの組立時に要求される高度なヘム曲げ性およびボディ形成や筐体形成時のプレス成形などの板成形性に優れたアルミニウム材料を提供するものである。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the high hem bendability required at the time of assembling an automobile body sheet, an automobile part, a machine part, etc. and an aluminum material excellent in plate formability such as press forming at the time of body formation or housing formation are provided. To do.
本発明は、材料を構成する結晶粒が示す結晶方位のうち、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の３者の割合を制御して適正化することにより、ヘム曲げのような峻烈な曲げやボディプレス成形のような板成形の両者を高レベルで満足する材料を見出したもので、Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒の占有率が０．３〜０．７、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒の占有率が０．１〜０．５、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒の占有率が０．２以下で、且つＣｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の各結晶方位の総合計割合としての総占有率が０．４から１．０であることを満たす材料において、良好な曲げ性及び板成形性を示す。
そこで、先ず構成する結晶粒の各結晶方位の占有率と両特性の関係について述べる。
The present invention controls and optimizes the ratio of three of the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation among the crystal orientations indicated by the crystal grains constituting the material, so that a sharp bend or body such as a hem bend can be obtained. A material that satisfies both high-level plate forming such as press forming has been found. The occupancy ratio of Cube orientation crystal grains is 0.3 to 0.7, and the occupancy ratio of Brass orientation crystal grains is 0.1 to 0.7. 0.5, the occupancy ratio of the Copper orientation crystal grains is 0.2 or less, and the total occupancy ratio is 0.4 to 1.0 as a total ratio of the crystal orientations of the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation. In a material that satisfies this requirement, good bendability and plate formability are exhibited.
First, the relationship between the occupancy ratio of each crystal orientation of the constituting crystal grains and both characteristics will be described.
第一に、Ｃｕｂｅ方位の結晶粒は、前記特許文献４〜７で述べられているように、その結晶方位密度がヘム曲げに大きく影響していることが知られており、その結晶方位密度がランダム方位結晶粒の結晶方位密度より高まるにつれて、ヘム曲げが良好となることが述べられている。本発明においても、同様にヘム曲げを良好とするために、このＣｕｂｅ方位の結晶粒の占有率を高めることが望ましい。しかしながら、前記非特許文献１で知られるように、Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒の占有率の増大は、板成形性を大きく損ねてしまう結果となる。 First, as described in Patent Documents 4 to 7, it is known that the crystal orientation density of the Cube orientation crystal grains has a great influence on the hem bending. It is stated that the hem bending becomes better as the crystal orientation density of the randomly oriented crystal grains increases. Also in the present invention, in order to improve the hem bending, it is desirable to increase the occupancy ratio of the crystal grains having the Cube orientation. However, as is known from Non-Patent Document 1, an increase in the occupancy ratio of Cube-oriented crystal grains results in a significant loss of plate formability.
そこで、本発明では、種々検討の結果、その占有率の範囲を０．３〜０．７、好ましくは０．４〜０．６と限定したものである。この範囲の下限域においては実用上充分なヘム曲げ性が提供でき、上限域では、ボディシートの自動車外形へのプレス成形を実施するのに充分な板成形性を維持している。 Therefore, in the present invention, as a result of various studies, the range of the occupation ratio is limited to 0.3 to 0.7, preferably 0.4 to 0.6. In the lower limit range of this range, practically sufficient hem bendability can be provided, and in the upper limit range, plate formability sufficient to perform press molding of the body sheet to the automobile outer shape is maintained.
第二に、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒の占有率が高いと、前記Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒の占有率が高い場合とは正反対に板成形性を良好にする。しかしながら、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒がヘム曲げ性に及ぼす影響については判っておらず、更にその占有率の影響に関しても不明である。 Second, when the occupancy ratio of the Brass orientation crystal grains is high, the plate formability is improved as opposed to the case where the occupancy ratio of the Cube orientation crystal grains is high. However, the influence of Brass-oriented crystal grains on heme bendability is not known, and the influence of the occupation ratio is unknown.
そこで、本発明では、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒の占有率のヘム曲げ及び板成形に及ぼす影響を精査した結果、その占有率の範囲を０．１〜０．５、好ましくは０．２〜０．４としたものである。前記Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒の占有率範囲内において、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒の占有率を０．１〜０．５とすることによりヘム曲げ及び板成形の両者を高いレベルで獲得することができるものである。この範囲を外れる材料では、ヘム曲げ或いは板成形のどちらか一方が優れるか、両者ともに低レベルとなってしまう。 Therefore, in the present invention, as a result of examining the influence of the occupancy ratio of the Brass-oriented crystal grains on the hem bending and plate forming, the occupancy ratio range is 0.1 to 0.5, preferably 0.2 to 0.4. It is what. Within the occupancy range of the Cube orientation crystal grains, by setting the occupancy ratio of the Brass orientation crystal grains to 0.1 to 0.5, both hem bending and plate forming can be obtained at a high level. . If the material is out of this range, either hem bending or plate molding will be excellent, or both will be at a low level.
第三に、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒の占有率を０．２以下、好ましくは０．０５〜０．１、より好ましくは０．０５〜０．１である。このように限定した理由は、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒は、板成形に対して、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒と同様の働きを示すことが非特許文献２より明らかであるが、本発明では、もう一つの効果として、このＣｏｐｐｅｒ方位結晶粒が、その占有率の割合で存在することで、ヘム曲げ性及び板成形の両者のレベルを引き上げる効果を示すことを見出したもので、Ｃｕｂｅ方位結晶粒とＢｒａｓｓ方位結晶粒の両者の緩衝材として働くのではないかと考えている。 Third, the occupation ratio of Copper-oriented crystal grains is 0.2 or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.1, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.1. The reason for this limitation is that it is clear from Non-Patent Document 2 that the Copper-oriented crystal grains exhibit the same function as the Brass-oriented crystal grains for plate forming. However, the present invention has another effect. As a result, it has been found that the Copper-oriented crystal grains are present at a ratio of the occupation ratio, thereby showing the effect of raising both the hem bendability and the plate forming level. Cube-oriented crystal grains and Brass-oriented crystals I think that it may work as a cushioning material for both grains.
次に、この結晶方位の占有率の算出方法について述べる。
測定に供されるアルミニウム板材、ここでは所定厚み（本発明では厚み１ｍｍ）のアルミニウム板材を準備し、その表面をアセトンなどの油分清浄材で脱脂後、アルミニウム板材の材質に合った酸化層除去剤（例えば、Ａｌ合金では王水など）を用いて表面の酸化層を除去したアルミニウム板を、電解研磨法により鏡面仕上げとし、アルミニウム板材の表層近傍を供試材として結晶方位を測定した。
次に、この供試材を用いて、結晶粒の結晶方位を電子後方散乱回折像法（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎ Ｂａｃｋｓｃａｔｔｅｒ Ｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐａｔｔｅｒｎ、以下ＥＢＳＰと略す）により測定する。
測定は、熱電子放出型走査電子顕微鏡内で行い、１．０ｍｍ四方の範囲を一地点として、その範囲内にある結晶粒の各結晶方位を測定し、範囲内の全結晶粒の数を１００とした場合の、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の各結晶粒の割合を求め、その占有率を算出した。なお、測定は、一供試材につき１００点で測定を行い、測定した占有率をその平均で示している。
Next, a method for calculating the crystal orientation occupancy will be described.
An aluminum plate to be used for measurement, in this case an aluminum plate having a predetermined thickness (1 mm in the present invention) is prepared, and the surface is degreased with an oil cleaning material such as acetone, and then an oxide layer removing agent suitable for the material of the aluminum plate The aluminum plate from which the oxide layer on the surface was removed using (for example, aqua regia for Al alloy) was mirror-finished by electrolytic polishing, and the crystal orientation was measured using the vicinity of the surface layer of the aluminum plate as a test material.
Next, using this test material, the crystal orientation of the crystal grains is measured by an electron backscatter diffraction pattern (hereinafter abbreviated as EBSP).
The measurement is performed in a thermionic emission scanning electron microscope, with a 1.0 mm square range as one point, each crystal orientation of the crystal grains in the range is measured, and the total number of crystal grains in the range is 100. In this case, the proportion of each crystal grain in the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation was determined, and the occupation ratio was calculated. The measurement is performed at 100 points for each test material, and the measured occupancy is shown as an average.
本発明に係る材料は、その結晶構造が面心立方構造であることにより前記結晶方位の占有率割合で、良好な曲げ性及び板成形性を示すものである。面心立方構造をとる材料としては、Ａｌ合金、Ｃｕ合金、Ｎｉ合金、Ａｇ合金、Ａｕ合金などがあるが、特にＡｌ合金では顕著な効果を示すものである。 The material according to the present invention exhibits good bendability and plate formability at the occupancy ratio of the crystal orientation because the crystal structure is a face-centered cubic structure. Examples of the material having a face-centered cubic structure include an Al alloy, a Cu alloy, a Ni alloy, an Ag alloy, and an Au alloy, and the Al alloy exhibits a remarkable effect.
前記Ａｌ合金としては、Ｍｇを０．２５から１．０ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｉを０．５から１．３ｍａｓｓ％、残部Ａｌと不可避不純物とからなるＡｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ合金において、大きな効果を示す。
このＡｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ合金に必須元素として含まれるＳｉ及びＭｇはＭｇ２Ｓｉ化合物として析出し、強度の向上に寄与するもので、範囲値未満ではその効果が充分でなく、Ｓｉ量が範囲値を超えると自然時効現象が生じて曲げ加工性を大きく低下させる原因となることから限定している。また、Ｍｇ量が範囲値を超えると粗大なＭｇ２Ｓｉ化合物が多量に析出し、その結果、固容量が大きく減少して曲げ加工性並びにベークハード性の低下を引き起こすために限定するものである。
As the Al alloy, an Al—Mg—Si alloy consisting of 0.25 to 1.0 mass% of Mg, 0.5 to 1.3 mass% of Si, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities shows a great effect.
Si and Mg contained as essential elements in this Al—Mg—Si alloy precipitate as Mg 2 Si compounds and contribute to the improvement of strength. If the amount is less than the range value, the effect is not sufficient, and the amount of Si is within the range value. Exceeding the limit is limited because it causes a natural aging phenomenon and greatly reduces the bending workability. Further, if the amount of Mg exceeds the range value, a large amount of coarse Mg 2 Si compound is precipitated, and as a result, the solid volume is greatly reduced, and the bending workability and the bake hardness are lowered. .
前記、Ｍｇ及びＳｉの他に、Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｉなどが添加されても良い。
Ｃｕの添加は強度、延性、脱脂性、化成処理性などを高め、Ｚｎの添加は、脱脂性や化成処理性を高める、Ｍｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒの添加は結晶粒の微細化を促し、曲げ加工性をよくする働きを示すが、これらの元素を過剰に添加されると耐食性の低下や延性の低下を招くために、いずれの元素も１ｍａｓｓ％以下、特にＴｉやＣｒでは０．１ｍａｓｓ％以下にするのが良い。
In addition to the Mg and Si, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ti, etc. may be added.
Addition of Cu increases strength, ductility, degreasing, chemical conversion treatment, etc. Addition of Zn improves degreasing and chemical conversion processing, and addition of Mn, Ti, Cr promotes refinement of crystal grains and bending processing Although adding these elements excessively leads to a decrease in corrosion resistance and a decrease in ductility, all elements are 1 mass% or less, especially 0.1 mass% or less for Ti and Cr. Good to do.
前記元素の他に、不純物として含まれるＦｅは、Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ化合物より硬い晶出物を形成してしまい、周囲に大きなひずみを形成して割れの伝播を助長することから、Ｆｅ量は０．１％以下に抑えることが望ましい。 In addition to the above elements, Fe contained as an impurity forms a crystallized material that is harder than the Mg 2 Si compound, and forms a large strain around it to promote the propagation of cracks. It is desirable to keep it below 1%.
（実施例１）
Ｍｇを０．５ｍａｓｓ％、Ｓｉを０．９ｍａｓｓ％、Ｍｎを０．０６ｍａｓｓ％、Ｆｅを０．０７ｍａｓｓ％、残部ＡｌからなるＡｌ合金を常法により厚み５００ｍｍのインゴットに溶解鋳造し、このインゴットを５４０℃、６時間の均質化処理後、開始温度５００℃、終了温度２００℃の条件下で熱間圧延して厚み１０ｍｍの熱間圧延板を得た。次に、この熱間圧延板を、２０％、３０％、５０％、７０％、９０％の仕上げ加工率で厚み１ｍｍの仕上げ素板になるような所定厚みに冷間圧延した。なお、仕上げ冷間加工率が９０％の試料に関しては、厚み１０ｍｍの熱間圧延板から直接厚み１ｍｍの仕上げ素板を得た。
次に、この所定厚みの冷間圧延板を３２５℃、２時間の条件で焼鈍し、仕上げ冷間圧延を施し、厚み１ｍｍの仕上げ素板を作製した。この仕上げ素板に連続焼鈍炉を用いた５００℃の溶体化処理と、１００℃、２４時間の安定化処理を施して供試材とした。
Example 1
An Al alloy consisting of 0.5 mass% Mg, 0.9 mass% Si, 0.06 mass% Mn, 0.07 mass% Fe, and the balance Al is cast into an ingot having a thickness of 500 mm by a conventional method. After a homogenization treatment at 540 ° C. for 6 hours, hot rolling was performed under conditions of a start temperature of 500 ° C. and an end temperature of 200 ° C. to obtain a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 10 mm. Next, this hot-rolled sheet was cold-rolled to a predetermined thickness such that a finished base sheet having a thickness of 1 mm was obtained at a finishing rate of 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. In addition, about the sample whose finishing cold work rate is 90%, the finishing base plate of thickness 1mm was obtained directly from the hot-rolling board of thickness 10mm.
Next, this cold-rolled sheet having a predetermined thickness was annealed at 325 ° C. for 2 hours and subjected to finish cold-rolling to produce a finished blank having a thickness of 1 mm. The finished base plate was subjected to a solution treatment at 500 ° C. using a continuous annealing furnace and a stabilization treatment at 100 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a test material.
結晶方位の占有率の測定を前段に述べた方法により測定し、表１に示した。
表１に記載された供試材Ｎｏ．１は仕上げ冷間加工率２０％で仕上げ圧延を行なったもので，以下Ｎｏ．２は３０％、Ｎｏ．３は５０％、Ｎｏ．４は７０％、Ｎｏ．５は８０％、Ｎｏ．１０は１０％、Ｎｏ．１１は９０％の仕上げ冷間加工率で仕上げ冷間圧延を行なった。
なお、各結晶方位の占有率は、Ｃｕｂｅ方位、Ｂｒａｓｓ方位、Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ方位の各結晶の理想方位を中心に±５度までずれた結晶方位を含むものとした。
The crystal orientation occupancy was measured by the method described in the preceding paragraph and is shown in Table 1.
Specimen No. listed in Table 1 No. 1 was finish-rolled at a finish cold work rate of 20%. 2 is 30%. 3 is 50%. 4 is 70%. 5 is 80%. 10 is 10%. No. 11 was subjected to finish cold rolling at a finish cold work rate of 90%.
Note that the occupancy ratio of each crystal orientation includes crystal orientations shifted by ± 5 degrees from the ideal orientation of each crystal of the Cube orientation, the Brass orientation, and the Copper orientation.
作製した供試材を用いて、１８０℃曲げ加工試験と張出し成形試験を行い、それぞれヘム曲げ加工性及び板成形性を評価した。
先ず、ヘム曲げ加工性に関しては、図１（ａ）の予歪付与、図１（ｂ）の折り曲げ角１７０度までのパンチ押し込み、図１（ｃ）に示す万力締め付けを順に行う１８０℃曲げ加工試験を用い、パンチ１の先端曲率Ｒを０．２５、０．５、０．７５、１．０ｍｍと変化させて各Ｒ毎に繰り返し５枚の試験数で試験し、全てにおいて肌荒れ及び割れが生じない先端曲率を表１に記した。従って、この試験において、肌荒れと割れが生じない先端曲率が小さければ小さい程ヘム曲げ加工性に優れることになる。
Using the produced test material, a 180 ° C. bending test and a stretch forming test were performed, and hem bending workability and plate formability were evaluated, respectively.
First, regarding the hem bending workability, 180 ° bending is performed in which the pre-strain is applied as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the punch is pushed down to a bending angle of 170 ° in FIG. 1 (b), and the vise is clamped as shown in FIG. 1 (c). Using a processing test, the tip curvature R of the punch 1 was changed to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mm, and each R was repeatedly tested with 5 tests. Table 1 shows the leading edge curvature at which no occurrence occurs. Therefore, in this test, the smaller the tip curvature at which rough skin and cracks do not occur, the better the hem bending workability.
張出し成形性に関しては、供試材を３００ｍｍ角に切断し、両面に潤滑油を塗布した後、直径１００ｍｍの球頭ポンチを用いて張出し高さ５０ｍｍの条件で張出し試験を繰り返し５枚の試験数で試験を行い、張出し成形性を評価した。
全数、割れの発生していない供試材を「○」、１個のみ割れている供試材を「△」、２個以上が割れてしまう供試材を「×」として表１に記した。
Regarding the stretch formability, after cutting the test material into 300 mm squares and applying lubricant on both sides, the stretch test was repeated using a ball head punch with a diameter of 100 mm under the condition of a stretch height of 50 mm. The test was conducted to evaluate the stretch formability.
Table 1 shows all specimens with no cracks as "O", specimens with only one crack as "△", and specimens with two or more cracks as "X". .
作製した供試材の強度、伸びは、仕上げ冷間加工率９０％の供試材を除いて、強度が２３０〜２４０ＭＰａ、０．２％耐力が１３０〜１４０ＭＰａ、伸びが３０％以上であった。仕上げ冷間加工率９０％の供試材は、強度、０．２％耐力共に他の加工率の供試材と変わらなかったが、伸びが１７％と低かった。 The strength and elongation of the prepared specimens were 230 to 240 MPa in strength, 130 to 140 MPa in 0.2% proof stress, and 30% or more in elongation, except for specimens with a finish cold working rate of 90%. . The test material with a finish cold working rate of 90% was the same in strength and 0.2% proof stress as the other test materials, but the elongation was as low as 17%.
１ パンチ 1 punch
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| JP4588338B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2010-12-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy sheet with excellent bending workability and press formability |
| KR100600157B1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2006-07-12 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Manufacturing method of Al-Mg-Si alloy sheet which can flat hemming |
| JP4495623B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2010-07-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy plate excellent in stretch flangeability and bending workability and method for producing the same |
| JP2006322064A (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-11-30 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | High moldability aluminum material |
| JP4939091B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2012-05-23 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy plate with excellent bending workability |
-
2006
- 2006-03-29 JP JP2006090454A patent/JP2006322064A/en active Pending
- 2006-11-29 JP JP2007535737A patent/JP4158944B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-29 US US12/294,833 patent/US20100247369A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2007111002A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2009-08-06 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | High formability aluminum material |
| WO2007111002A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-04 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | High-formability aluminum material |
| CN108486510A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-04 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of aviation covering Al-Cu-MgT3 aluminium alloy process quality control methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2007111002A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| US20100247369A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP4158944B2 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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