JP2006305013A - Slowly descending apparatus used for escaping from high place - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slowly descending apparatus used for escaping from a high place which is compact, shows strong damping force without pulsations or irregularities on the damping force and can rewind a wire. <P>SOLUTION: The slowly descending apparatus used for escaping from a high place is equipped with a pair of oil dampers having braking function in the reciprocating direction, a rotating drum on which a wire is wound, and crankshafts connected to the rotating drum. One end of each oil damper is connected swingably to a support arranged on a housing, and the other end of each oil damper is connected to one of the crankshafts. The crankshaft connected turnably to the other end of one oil damper is shifted by 90 degrees on its phase relative to the other crankshaft connected rotatably to the other oil damper. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a evacuator for high altitude evacuation that can safely descend from the upper floor by itself when the doorway to the lower floor is deformed due to an earthquake or the like and the door cannot be opened or in the event of a fire in a building or apartment.

  In recent years, large earthquakes and fires at high places such as multi-purpose buildings have led to major accidents due to delays. As countermeasures, emergency evacuation equipment is prepared at predetermined places and rooftops of each floor. In Patent Document 1, the lower ends of two cylinders filled with oil are communicated by an orifice, and when the piston of one oil cylinder rises, the opposite operation is performed so that the piston of the other oil cylinder descends, An evacuation device is disclosed in which the movement of oil from one oil cylinder to the other oil cylinder is limited by an orifice, and the descent speed of the wire on which the refugee is hung is attenuated.

In such an evacuation device, in order to prevent the evacuee from panic due to an increase in the descending speed, there is a problem that the device becomes large if the damping force is increased by increasing the diameter of the cylinder. Moreover, since the piston speed becomes zero at the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston, the damping force of the oil damper is lost, and the descending speed of the evacuees is accelerated. Such pulsation of the damping force has a problem of reducing the comfort of using the apparatus. Furthermore, there is a problem that the oil of the oil damper is heated and the pressure is increased, resulting in uneven damping force. In addition, since there is no mechanism for rewinding the wire, it cannot be used again after being used once.
JP-A-4-250176

  The present invention was created to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is a small evacuation place where there is a damping force, there is no pulsation or unevenness in the damping force, and the wire can be rewound. The purpose is to provide a slow down device.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, the evacuator for evacuating a high place has two oil dampers, one end of which is swingably connected to a support shaft provided in the housing and having a braking action in the reciprocating direction, and a wire wound around the shaft. A rotating drum, a main shaft to which the rotating drum is attached, and a crank shaft that is eccentrically attached to the main shaft and connected to each other end of the oil damper, and the crank shaft is 90 degrees out of phase. It is characterized in that it is rotatably connected to the other end of each oil damper.

  It is preferable that the oil damper has a structure in which oil flows through the orifice in the forward and reverse directions by a reciprocating motion of the piston, and a thermal expansion absorbing material for the oil is disposed in the cylinder.

  A manual winding first gear for winding the wire around the rotating drum, a manual winding second gear for transmitting the rotation of the manual winding first gear to the rotating drum, and a ratchet and a ratchet gear between the rotating drum and the main shaft. When the rotating drum is rotated in the direction opposite to that when lowered by the manual winding first gear and the manual winding second gear, the ratchet and the ratchet gear are disengaged, and the main shaft and It is preferable that the crankshaft connected to the main shaft does not rotate and the oil damper does not operate.

  According to the evacuator for high place evacuation of the invention of claim 1, two oil dampers are used, and the oil damper is a two-way type oil damper that exhibits a damping force in the reciprocating direction, so that the equipment can be made compact. it can. In contrast to the conventional 2-cylinder × 1 orifice, in the present application, there are 2 cylinders × 2 orifices. In addition, the operation of one oil damper and the other oil damper is not the opposite operation, but is operated with a 90 degree deviation, so when one oil cylinder is at top dead center or bottom dead center, The oil cylinder is at the point where the damping force is maximized, and can suppress the pulsation of the damping force.

  According to the invention of claim 2, since the thermal expansion absorber that absorbs the expansion of the oil in the cylinder is provided, even if the temperature in the cylinder rises and the oil pressure increases, the damping force is not uneven.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the manual hoisting gear is provided and the wire is rewound onto the rotating drum, so that a plurality of people can use it even if there is only one altitude escape elevator. Further, since the ratchet and the ratchet gear are provided, the ratchet is removed during rewinding to eliminate the resistance force of the oil damper, so that rewinding can be performed smoothly.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a front view showing the internal structure of a lift for evacuating high places according to the present invention. The evacuator 100 for evacuating high places includes a housing 50, in which a first oil damper 10 a, a second oil damper 10 b, a rotating drum 30 around which a wire 20 is wound, and a rotating drum 30. A crankshaft 40 that converts rotation into linear reciprocating motion is disposed. The oil dampers 10a and 10b are provided with the piston rod 2 penetrating the cylinder 1. A bracket 7 is attached to the cylinder 1, and the bracket 7 is swingably attached to a support shaft 19 that spans the upper portion of the housing 50. One end of the piston rod 2 is rotatably connected to the crankshaft. The crankshaft 40 is a crankwheel 16 attached to both sides of the rotary drum 30 and attached with a shaft eccentric from the main shaft 18 of the rotary drum 30. Although the crank wheel 16 is a disc here, it may be an arm extending from the main shaft 18.

  The wire 20 is wound around the rotary drum 30. The length is 30 m, for example. The wire 20 was a stranded stainless steel wire having a diameter of 1.5 mm. This diameter can support a weight of about 200 kg. A main shaft bearing 21 is attached to the main shaft 18. In order to rewind the wire 20 around the rotary drum 30, a manual winding first gear 23 and a manual winding second gear 24 are provided. The manual winding second gear 24 is formed integrally with the rotary drum 30. Rewinding is performed by connecting the crank rod to the manual winding shaft 22 from the outside and rotating the manual winding first gear 23 and the manual winding second gear 24. At the time of rewinding, the claw of the ratchet 25 is in a direction not to bite the ratchet gear 26, so that the rotation drum 30 and the main shaft 18 are disconnected, and the main shaft 18 does not rotate even if the rotation drum 30 rotates. During the lowering, the ratchet 25 is engaged with the ratchet gear 26, so that the rotation of the rotary drum 30 is transmitted to the main shaft 18, and the crank wheel 16 fixed to the main shaft rotates.

  FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1 showing the internal structure of the elevator for evacuating high places. As shown in FIG. 2, the position where one end of the piston rod 2 of the first oil damper 10a is connected to the crankshaft 40 and the position where the piston rod 2 of the second oil damper 10b is connected to the crankshaft 40 are The angle with respect to the central axis of the wheel 16 is just 90 degrees apart. When the crankshaft 40 is rotated by the rotation of the crank wheel 16, the tip of the piston rod 2 performs a linear motion between the top dead center 70 and the bottom dead center 71. Further, every time the crankshaft 40 passes the left and right ends, the bracket 7 of the support shaft 19 rotates, and the first oil damper 10a and the second oil damper 10b swing left and right. The wire pressing leaf spring 15 presses the upper portion of the wire 20 to prevent jamming during rewinding. Further, when the operation lever 28 is pulled, the tip of the operation lever 28 is disengaged from the groove of the crank wheel 16, and the operation lever 28 is locked to the wall of the housing 50 by a spring, as shown in the drawing circle C1. ing. Thereby, the rotating drum 30 can start rotating.

  FIG. 3 is an internal structural view of the oil damper. The oil damper 10 has a structure in which the piston rod 2 passes through the cylinder 1 and is filled with oil 11. A crankshaft mounting hole 4 is provided at one end of the piston rod 2. A piston 3 is attached to a piston rod 2 in the cylinder 1. An orifice 5 is formed in the piston 3. When the piston rod 2 moves, the piston 3 moves, and the oil 11 passes through the orifice 5 and moves back and forth inside the cylinder 1 divided by the piston 3. Thereby, a damping force is exhibited both in the reciprocating motion of the piston rod 2. In the cylinder 1, an oil seal 8, a bearing 9, a foam rubber 12, a stopper 13, a cap 14 and the like are provided. The foam rubber 12 is oil resistant and absorbs thermal expansion of the oil 11. A bracket 7 having a spindle mounting hole 6 is attached to the cylinder 1. The diameter of the cylinder 1 was 23 mm and the length was 140 mm. The diameter of the piston rod 2 was 10 mm and the length was 260 mm. There is a means (not shown) for adjusting the opening of the orifice 5. For example, the damping force at 0.15 m / sec can be set to about 30 kg, for example.

  FIG. 4 is a side view of the ratchet and the ratchet gear. The ratchet 25 is fixedly attached to the side surface of the rotating drum 30. The ratchet gear 26 is fixedly attached to the main shaft 18. Here, when the rotating drum 30 rotates in the descending direction (indicated by an arrow), the ratchet 25 engages and rotates the ratchet gear 26, so the main shaft 18 rotates. When the main shaft 18 rotates, the crank wheel 16 fixed to the main shaft 18 also rotates, causing the oil dampers 10a and 10b to reciprocate. In this way, the wire 20 is pulled out, the rotating drum 30 rotates at a rotational speed commensurate with the weight of the refugee, and the wire descends at a constant speed. On the other hand, when the wire 20 is manually wound up, the rotation direction of the rotary drum 30 is reversed (indicated by the arrow “when rewinding”), but the ratchet 25 slips on the ratchet gear 26 and rotates the ratchet gear 26. I try not to let you. Therefore, since the main shaft 18 does not rotate, the crank wheel 16 does not rotate, and the oil dampers 10a and 10b do not operate, so that the resistance force of the oil damper is not received and the wire 20 can be rewound at high speed.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing how to use the evacuator 100 for high altitude evacuation. The altitude evacuation elevator 100 is suspended from a window frame 51 or the like by a rope. The refugee 60 wears the safety harness 29 and connects it to the wire 20. When descending, the control lever 28 is pulled. The altitude evacuation elevator 100 itself does not descend. When the first evacuee descent is completed, the wire 20 is rewound and used again. Without a wire rewinding mechanism, a number of elevators are required. If this mechanism is not provided, it is very dangerous because a plurality of people ride on top of each other and descend. The evacuator 100 for evacuating high places incorporates a ratchet mechanism, and the operation of the oil damper can be separated, so that manual wire rewinding can be performed smoothly.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the damping force of the oil damper and the rotation angle of the rotating wheel. The damping force 80a of the first oil damper 10a is indicated by a solid line, and the damping force 80b of the second oil damper 10b is indicated by a broken line. When the main shaft 18 rotates at a certain angular speed, the speed of the piston rod 2 directly connected to the crankshaft becomes a sine wave. This is because if the angular velocity is divided into a horizontal component and a vertical component using a velocity vector, the velocity of the vertical component becomes the velocity of the piston rod 2. Since the damping force is proportional to the speed of the piston rod 2, the damping force also varies as a sine wave as shown in FIG. Taking the first oil damper 10a as an example, if the time when the first oil damper 10a is located at the top dead center 70 is 0 degree, the vertical component of the angular velocity is zero in this case, so the speed of the piston rod 2 is also zero. The damping force 80a is also zero. The bottom dead center 71 is when the rotation angle is 180 degrees. In this case, the speed of the piston rod 2 is zero and the damping force 80a is zero. The damping force 80a is maximum in the middle between the top dead center 70 and the bottom dead center 71.

  Therefore, when the first oil damper 10a and the second oil damper 10b are attached with a 90-degree separation, even if one oil damper is at the top dead center or the bottom dead center and there is no damping force, the other oil damper Can exert the maximum damping force. After all, since the damping force of the evacuator 100 for high altitude evacuation is the sum of the damping forces 80a and 80b, a flat damping force without pulsation as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 6 can be exhibited.

  Since the present invention can safely descend from the upper floor of a building without a pulsation during a disaster, the present invention is suitable for a evacuator for evacuating high places.

It is a front view which shows the internal structure of the gentle lift for high places evacuation by this invention. Example 1 It is a side view which shows the internal structure of the gentle lift for high places escape of FIG. It is an internal structure figure of an oil damper. Example 1 It is a side view of a ratchet and a ratchet gear. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing which shows the usage of the elevator for evacuating high places of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the damping force of an oil damper, and the rotation angle of a rotating wheel. Example 1

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylinder 2 Piston rod 3 Piston 4 Crankshaft attachment hole 5 Orifice 6 Support shaft attachment hole 7 Bracket 8 Oil seal 9 Bearing 10 Oil damper 10a First oil damper 10b Second oil damper 11 Oil 12 Foam rubber 13 Stopper 14 Cap 15 Wire retaining plate spring 16 Crank wheel 18 Main shaft 19 Support shaft 20 Wire 21 Main shaft bearing 22 Manual hoisting shaft 23 Manual hoisting first gear 24 Manual hoisting second gear 25 Ratchet 26 Ratchet gear 28 Operation lever 29 Safety harness 30 Rotating drum 40 Crankshaft 50 housing 51 window frame 60 refugee 70 top dead center 71 bottom dead center 100 evacuator for evacuating high places

Claims (3)

  Two oil dampers having one end pivotably connected to a support shaft provided in the housing and having a braking action in the reciprocating direction, a rotating drum wound with a wire, a main shaft to which the rotating drum is attached, and the main shaft A crankshaft is mounted eccentrically and connected to each other end of the oil damper, and the crankshaft is rotatably connected to the other end of each oil damper in a state where the phase is shifted by 90 degrees. A lift for evacuating high places.   2. The oil damper has a structure in which oil flows in a forward / reverse direction by a reciprocating motion of a piston, and a thermal expansion absorbing material for the oil is disposed in a cylinder. The evacuator for high altitude evacuation described in 1.   A manual winding first gear for winding the wire around the rotating drum, a manual winding second gear for transmitting the rotation of the manual winding first gear to the rotating drum, and a ratchet and a ratchet gear between the rotating drum and the main shaft. When the rotating drum is rotated in the direction opposite to that when lowered by the manual winding first gear and the manual winding second gear, the ratchet and the ratchet gear are disengaged, and the main shaft and 2. The evacuator for high places evacuation according to claim 1, wherein a crankshaft connected to the main shaft does not rotate and the oil damper does not operate.

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