JP2006297240A - Water purifying system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water purifying system for providing the clean water of excellent quality by surely removing algae such as blue-green algae at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: This water purifying system for purifying raw water taken from a water source S by water purifying equipment 1 comprises: an algae detector 102 for detecting the generation of the algae or a prescribed index value indicating that on the upstream side of the water purifying equipment; a judgement means 100 for determining the necessity of algae inactivating treatment on the basis of the detected result of the algae detection means 102; and an algae treating apparatus 4 for performing the algae inactivating treatment in the water purifying equipment 1 corresponding to the judged result of the judgement means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a water purification system for treating raw water taken from a water source into clean water.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the water purification system takes in water from a water source such as a reservoir S, a lake, or groundwater and cleans it. A water purification plant that performs such treatment is composed of several treatment ponds. First, water from which coarse sand or the like has been removed is stored in the landing well 82 in the sedimentation basin 80, and a flocculant is added and stirred in the chemical mixing basin 84 to mix. This is guided to the floc formation pond 86 and gently stirred to promote the formation of a block (floc). After this is guided to the sedimentation basin 88 to precipitate the lump, the supernatant is guided to the filtration basin 90 to remove finer foreign matters. The water clarified in this way is guided to the water purification basin 92 and chemically treated by adding chlorine.

  By the way, in recent years, a large amount of cyanobacterial plankton called aoko has occurred in water sources such as lakes and reservoirs in various places due to eutrophication and the like. If the watermelon is not sufficiently removed by the water purification equipment, it will cause problems such as bad odor in the tap water, and further toxic substances remaining. However, cyanobacterial plankton contains bubbles and has buoyancy, so aggregation and precipitation are difficult. Therefore, if this is completely removed, the coagulant is excessively administered to impair the water quality, and the filter bed 94 may be clogged in the filter basin 90.

  As a method for suppressing or removing such aquatics, it is conceivable to use a method of adding a chemical or an underwater pulse discharge as disclosed in Patent Document 1. The method using underwater pulse discharge is considered to have advantages such as lower cost than chemical removal and less risk of secondary contamination.

JP 2004-81119 A

  However, in any case, it is an excessive measure and not economical to always perform such treatment even when no algae are generated. On the other hand, if it is occurring but no measures are taken, the damage as described above will increase. Moreover, even when using underwater pulse discharge, a method for reliably treating algae in water at low cost is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a water purification system capable of providing high quality water by reliably removing algae such as sea cucumber at low cost. .

In order to achieve the object, a water purification system according to claim 1 is a water purification system for purifying raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility, wherein a predetermined amount of algae is generated on the upstream side of the water purification facility. An algae detection device for detecting an index value; a determination means for determining whether or not an algae inactivation treatment is necessary based on a detection result of the algae detection means; and a non-algae in the water purification facility according to the determination result of the determination means. And an algae treatment apparatus that performs activation treatment.
In invention of Claim 1, generation | occurrence | production of algae is detected rapidly, algae inactivation processing is performed at an early stage, and removal of algae in water purification treatment is promoted.

  The water purification system according to claim 2, in the invention according to claim 1, wherein the algae detection device detects the occurrence of algae at a position away from algae in the water or a predetermined index value indicating the algae. And proximity detection means for detecting the generation of algae at a position close to the algae in the water or a predetermined index value indicating this, or both. By utilizing the features of the remote detection means and the proximity detection means, algae can be detected efficiently at low cost.

The water purification system according to claim 3 is a water purification system for purifying raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility, and inactivates algae by performing underwater pulse discharge in a pipe for feeding the raw water to the water purification facility. A discharge treatment apparatus is provided.
Thereby, the processing leak of the algae in intake water can be prevented.

A water purification system according to a fourth aspect is the invention according to the third aspect, wherein the discharge treatment device is provided in the same facility as the water intake pump. Thereby, efficiency can be achieved by sharing power supply and other facilities.
The water purification system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 3 or claim 4, the discharge treatment apparatus is provided on the upstream side of the sand basin.

  The water purification system according to claim 6 is a water purification system for purifying raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility, and performs algae treatment by performing a pulse discharge in water simultaneously with or after adding a flocculant to the raw water. It is characterized by that.

  According to the discharge treatment apparatus or the discharge treatment method according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, it is possible to reliably remove algae such as sea cucumbers at low cost and provide high quality water.

Hereinafter, a water purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the entire configuration of the water purification system, and includes a reservoir S that is a water source, a water channel C that extends from the water reservoir S, and a water purification facility 1 that processes raw water taken from the water channel C. Yes. The water purification facility 1 has a water intake 2 for taking raw water from the water channel C and a water purification plant 3 for purifying it.

  This water purification system has an algae detection device, which includes a management center 100 installed in the vicinity of the reservoir S, and a stationary remote monitor installed along the shore of the reservoir S and / or the water channel C. Device 102. The management center 100 has a function of accumulating, relaying, determining, and instructing various types of information, and as long as it has such a function, it does not matter where it exists and its form. Manned or unmanned. In this embodiment, it is installed in a building such as a management office (manned) of the reservoir S. However, it may be installed as an unmanned station at a high place such as the summit that is convenient for wireless transmission and reception. It may be integrated with the device 102. The management center 100 is provided with an information processing device such as a personal computer, a wireless or wired communication line, and accessory devices for performing the functions described above.

  In this embodiment, the stationary remote monitoring device 102 has a reflection type spectrum spectrometer installed at the top of a monitoring tower 106 arranged on the coast of the reservoir S and / or the water channel C. For example, a CCD camera (charge coupled device camera) is used as a light receiver, and the presence of a specific substance in the reservoir S is recognized by analyzing the spectrum of the received light. For example, chlorophyll (a chlorophyll) a is a substance contained in the entire plant that performs photosynthesis. If it exists, the probability of being algae is high. In order to strictly detect algae, a method of detecting a phycobilin pigment such as phycocyanin possessed by cyanobacteria may be used as an auxiliary. If the light receiver can be swung up and down or left and right by a driving mechanism, a wider area can be monitored by changing the visual field.

  In this embodiment, the monitoring tower 106 is provided with other measuring devices such as an anemometer / anemometer and a humidity / thermometer in addition to a remote monitoring device using a spectrum spectrometer. Solar cells and storage batteries for supplying electric power are provided. Information obtained by the spectrum spectrometer and other measuring devices is sent to the management center 100 as needed via a wireless or wired communication line.

  It should be noted that the installation location, the number of installations, the type, etc. of the light receivers of the remote monitoring device 102 can be appropriately changed according to the situation. If it is a narrow reservoir S, a small number of installations are sufficient. If there is a place where you can see the entire mountaintop and high tower, the number of installations can be reduced. The monitoring tower 106 may be built underwater, or if there is a building in the vicinity, a light receiver may be attached thereto. Further, instead of such a stationary type, a mobile type remote monitoring device such as a balloon, an airship, an airplane, a helicopter, or an artificial satellite capable of observing the ground surface such as Landsat may be used. Furthermore, for example, it may be installed in a simple moving body such as a surface ship or a model airplane that can be scanned by radio control, or a moving means used for other purposes, for example, a sightseeing pleasure boat. Further, a rope or the like may be stretched between both banks of the reservoir S, and the measuring instrument may be suspended while being moved. Of course, these may be used in appropriate combination or selected as required.

  Further, the remote monitoring device 102 may be installed in a hull such as the monitoring ship 104. In the hull, since the installation position is lowered, the information obtained at a time is in a narrow area, but information on the entire area can be obtained by accumulating information obtained while traveling. In this case, the measurement information at a certain time can be used as an element of the map information of the reservoir S by linking the position information calculated from the position of the ship at that time and the information on the direction of the light receiver, for example. . Further, the various remote monitoring means described above can be used in combination rather than individually, thereby saving time and cost and improving accuracy. For example, information on a stationary apparatus is mainly used, and when there is a shortage of information or when more detailed information is desired, mobile monitoring means is used.

  The monitoring ship 104 obtains information from a position closer to the monitoring target, and can directly obtain information on water by sampling water or immersing a measuring instrument in water. Sensors include those that detect the presence of algae and those that measure environmental conditions suitable for algae growth. The latter result can be used as data for predicting algal growth. Examples of the former include optical measurement methods such as turbidity measurement and spectral spectroscopy of water, methods of measuring oxygen generated during the growth of algae, methods of detecting pH increase occurring during the growth of cyanobacteria, etc. Yes, examples of the latter include a method for confirming temperature and illuminance suitable for algae growth, and a method for measuring water nutrients.

  FIG. 2 shows the discharge treatment device 4 provided in the water intake 2 of the water purification facility 1 of this embodiment. This is arranged in the intake pipe 5 on the downstream side of the intake port. The intake pipe 5 is provided with an intake pump, a flow meter and the like (not shown), and a discharge treatment pipe 10 is provided downstream thereof. Inside the discharge processing pipe 10, a linear high-voltage side electrode 12 extending along the axis and a cylindrical ground side electrode 14 surrounding the high-voltage side electrode 12 are arranged to constitute the discharge processing apparatus 4. In this embodiment, by installing the discharge treatment device 4 inside the water station 2, it is possible to share power supply equipment with equipment such as a water intake pump, and it is advantageous in terms of safety and noise countermeasures. As these measures, it is particularly advantageous to install them underground.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the high-voltage side electrode 12 is formed from a rod-like insulator inserted into the pipe 10 through an opening flange 16 provided on one side (here, the upper side) of the pipe 10 at an interval in the axial direction. Both ends are supported by a pair of high-pressure side support members 18. The high voltage side electrode 12 is led out of the pipe 10 by a conducting wire 20 a that passes through the high voltage side support member 18, and is connected to a high voltage terminal of the power supply device 22.

  On the other hand, the ground side electrode 14 is similarly supported by a ground side support member 26 made of a rod-like insulator inserted into the pipe 10 from the opening flange 24 of the pipe 10. Although the number of the ground-side support members 26 is one in the illustrated example, a plurality of ground-side support members 26 may be arranged and firmly supported. The ground-side electrode 14 is led out of the pipe 10 by a conducting wire 20 b that passes through the ground-side support member 26, and is grounded via an ammeter 28.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ammeter 28 is connected to a control device 30, and the control device 30 indicates a discharge state in water, for example, in this device, a plurality of streak paths in the water. Control is performed so that a streamer discharge is generated. For that purpose, the control device 30 compares the experimentally obtained threshold value with the discharge current value actually measured by the ammeter 28 to detect the occurrence of arc discharge or the disappearance of streamer discharge. In this case, not only the comparison with the threshold value, but also the change rate and change pattern of the discharge current value are taken into consideration, and the disappearance of the arc and streamer discharge (the state where the ionization discharge path disappears and the electric field processing state is regressed) By obtaining these characteristics at the time as data in advance and comparing them with measured values, the occurrence of arc discharge or the disappearance of streamer discharge can be detected more quickly and accurately. The control device 30 is provided with an antenna 31 and can receive signals from the management center 100 such as processing start or stop.

  The power supply device 22 is for supplying electric energy to the discharge device as time-compressed pulse power, and includes a power supply 32 and a capacitor 34 having a sufficient capacity for storing electric energy from the power supply 32, A switch 36 is provided to send the electrical energy stored in the capacitor 34 to the electrode at a predetermined timing. The control device 30 measures the charging voltage of the capacitor 34 with an electrometer 38 and controls the switch 36 so that it discharges when it reaches a predetermined value. The power supply 32 preferably has, for example, a DC / DC converter, a pulse width modulator (PWM) and / or a variable transformer as a charging voltage adjusting means.

  When the measured value of the ammeter 28 is higher than that during streamer discharge and it is determined that arc discharge has occurred, the control device 30 sets the discharge voltage setting value so as to suppress the occurrence of arc discharge. Lower. When the measured value of the ammeter 28 is lower than that during streamer discharge and it is determined that the streamer discharge is disappearing, the set value of the discharge voltage is increased so as to continue the streamer discharge. The amount of change in the discharge voltage at this time may be constant, or may be changed depending on the degree of occurrence of arc discharge. For example, if arc discharge is detected when the discharge voltage is 5 kV, then discharge is performed at 4.8 kV, and if arc discharge still occurs, the voltage is decreased to 4.6 kV. Further, when a stable streamer discharge state in which no arc discharge is generated continues, the set value of the discharge voltage is maintained.

Thus, in this embodiment, the discharge current is detected by the ammeter 28, the occurrence of arc discharge or the disappearance of the streamer discharge is determined based on the detected value, and the discharge voltage is controlled based on this, Control is performed quickly by all electrical processes. In addition, since there is no mechanical operation in the control process, the structure is simple, the equipment cost is low, and installation in a conventional apparatus is easy.
In addition, as a method of controlling the power supply device 22 so as to suppress the occurrence of arc discharge or the disappearance of streamer discharge, the pulse cycle may be adjusted, or this may be performed alone or in combination with voltage adjustment. May be.

  In addition, although the ground side electrode 14 shown in FIG. 3 etc. is arrange | positioned by forming a clearance gap between piping, this is for showing the principle of a processing apparatus, Comprising: This clearance gap is set minutely, Or it can be eliminated. In this embodiment, since all the fluids passing through the piping are subjected to discharge processing, there is no processing leakage. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, instead of the ground side electrode 14 shown in FIG. The piping / grounding electrode 11 is made of a conductor or has a conductive lining. The other part of the pipe 10 does not need to be a conductor. However, in the case of a conductor such as a metal, as shown in FIG. It is better to reduce the measurement error.

The operation of the water purification system of FIG. 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
In this embodiment, since the stationary remote monitoring apparatus 102 uses sunlight as a light source, algae information including spectrum information and position information is collected as appropriate. The collected information is sequentially stored in the computer of the management center 100, and image processing of the spectrum information is performed at a predetermined timing (step 1). Based on the image-processed information, the concentration of a substance such as chlorophyll a that directly or indirectly indicates the presence of algae is calculated (step 2). Based on this concentration information and position information, a distribution map in the reservoir S is created (step 3). This distribution map is appropriately displayed on a display device installed in the management center 100 or other places. Next, the computer compares the density information with a threshold value input in advance, and determines whether there is a place where the density is greater than the threshold value, that is, a place where occurrence or a sign of the occurrence is recognized (step 4). If it is determined that such a place exists, the area is notified to the monitoring ship 104 (step 5).

  Based on the notified area information, the monitoring ship 104 performs various measurements, sampling, sample analysis, and the like using a measuring instrument thrown into the water (step 6). Sample analysis is performed in real time, and time-consuming tests are performed as necessary. Then, it is determined whether or not the generation of algae has reached a level that requires processing (step 7). If processing is necessary, the control device of the processing device is notified to that effect, and the processing device is operated to perform processing (step 8). Here, the level of processing may be determined and the processing level may be indicated. The treatment level can be adjusted by changing the discharge power and the pulse frequency, or by changing the number of units to be operated when a plurality of treatment devices are arranged in series in the pipe.

  This discharge treatment inactivates the algae in the water flowing through the piping, and the bubbles burst to lose buoyancy. And after a part of algae is settled and removed in the sand basin 80, it is sent to the water purification plant 3. In the water purification plant 3, the water is introduced from the landing well 82 to the chemical mixing basin 84, the flocculant is added, mixed by stirring, and guided to the flock formation basin 86. Here, the algae that have been gently agitated and inactivated in water produce a block (floc) together with other foreign substances. This water is guided to the sedimentation basin 88 to precipitate the lump, and then the supernatant is guided to the filtration basin 90 to remove finer foreign matters. Since the algae have already settled and removed in the filter basin 90, the filter bed 94 is prevented from being blocked. The water clarified in this manner is guided to the water purification basin 92, and chlorine is added for chemical treatment.

  In the above embodiment, since the discharge process is performed in the pipe, there is almost no processing omission. Of course, it is necessary to adjust the discharge conditions according to the flow rate so that the discharge amount per unit flow rate is a certain level or more. When the flow rate is large, it is necessary to increase the number of pulses and the discharge current, or increase the arrangement of the discharge electrodes. The number of discharge electrodes may be increased in series along the pipe, or may be increased in parallel. In addition, when the flow rate is large, a plurality of pipes may be installed in parallel, and the discharge treatment device 4 may be arranged in each of them. In this embodiment, the electric discharge treatment apparatus 4 is installed upstream of the sand basin 80, but may be arranged on a pipe on the downstream side of the sand basin 80, or may be arranged on both sides.

  In the above embodiment, both the remote type monitoring device 102 and the proximity type monitoring vessel 104 are used as the algae detection device. However, either one of the detection devices may be a detection device of another type, You may use them together. Moreover, as a place for detection, in addition to the reservoir S which is a water source and the water channel C constituting the flow path, a place downstream from the water intake may be used.

  In the above embodiment, the high-voltage side and ground-side electrodes are arranged coaxially. However, one or both of them may be flat electrodes, or one or both may be net-like electrodes. Any other shape can be adopted depending on the application and situation. In the above embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention is used to maintain the streamer discharge, but of course, it may be used to maintain the arc discharge or may be used to maintain the electric field treatment state. good.

  FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The algae detection device is not a stationary type, but is a mobile device such as a balloon, an airship, an airplane, a helicopter, or an artificial satellite that can observe the ground surface such as Landsat. Type remote monitoring device 102A is used. Moreover, the discharge treatment apparatus 4 </ b> A is installed in the treatment pond of the water purification plant 3. In this embodiment, the discharge treatment pond 96 is disposed between the chemical mixing basin 84 and the flock formation pond 86, and the flocculant is added and the discharge treatment is performed on the water mixed by stirring. Thereby, simultaneously with the inactivation of the algae, the flocculant added by the stirring action by the pulse discharge can be mixed, and effects such as acceleration of precipitation or reduction of the amount of flocculant added can be obtained.

It is a figure showing the whole water purification system composition of a 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the water intake of the water purification system of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the discharge processing apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the power supply device of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of a discharge processing apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the water purification system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the water purification system of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the conventional water purification system.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water purification plant 2 Water intake 3 Water purification plant 4,4A Discharge treatment device 5 Intake piping 10 (Discharge treatment) piping 96 Discharge treatment pond 100 Management center 102,102A Remote monitoring device 104 Monitoring ship 106 Monitoring tower C Waterway S Reservoir

Claims (6)

In a water purification system that purifies raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility,
Algae detection device that detects the occurrence of algae on the upstream side of the water purification facility or a predetermined index value indicating this,
A determination means for determining the necessity of inactivation processing of algae based on the detection result of the algae detection means;
A water purification system comprising: an algae treatment device that performs inactivation treatment of algae in the water purification facility according to a judgment result of the judgment means.   The algae detection device comprises: a remote detection means for detecting the generation of algae at a position away from the algae in the water or a predetermined index value indicating the algae; The water purification system according to claim 1, comprising either or both of proximity detection means for detecting an index value. In a water purification system that purifies raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility,
A water purification system, comprising: a discharge treatment device that inactivates algae by performing underwater pulse discharge in a pipe for supplying the raw water to the water purification facility.   The water purification system according to claim 3, wherein the discharge treatment device is provided in the same facility as the water intake pump.   The water purification system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the discharge treatment device is provided on the upstream side of the sand basin. In a water purification system that purifies raw water taken from a water source in a water purification facility,
At the same time as or after the flocculant is added to the raw water, an underwater pulse discharge is performed to treat the algae.

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