JP2006284031A - Heat storage device - Google Patents

Heat storage device Download PDF

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JP2006284031A
JP2006284031A JP2005101940A JP2005101940A JP2006284031A JP 2006284031 A JP2006284031 A JP 2006284031A JP 2005101940 A JP2005101940 A JP 2005101940A JP 2005101940 A JP2005101940 A JP 2005101940A JP 2006284031 A JP2006284031 A JP 2006284031A
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storage device
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JP4714923B2 (en
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Satoshi Hirano
平野　　聡
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat storage device of small heat loss, capable of surely generating nucleus and allowing a heat medium to uniformly flow in a heat storage tank. <P>SOLUTION: In a heat reservoir filled with a latent heat storage material, a cross-sectional area of a part cooled to release supercooling of the heat storage material is smaller than a part not cooled, a part of small cross-sectional area exists on the other ends besides the part of large cross-sectional area of the heat reservoir, and further the flow of heat medium in the heat storage tank is unified by a perforated supporting plate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、物質の相変化を利用して外部から与えられた熱を貯蔵する蓄熱装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a heat storage device that stores heat applied from the outside using a phase change of a substance.

潜熱蓄熱材を融解させて貯蔵した熱を回収し、利用するには、温度が低下し、凝固点以下の温度に達した潜熱蓄熱材を、必要時に凝固させ、凝固熱を発生させる必要がある。潜熱蓄熱材に考えられている物質の多くは、温度が凝固点に低下しても直ちに凝固を開始せず、凝固点よりも低い温度まで過冷却したのちに、凝固を開始し、凝固熱を放出する性質がある。凝固点と凝固開始温度との差、すなわち過冷却度は物質やその置かれた状態により異なるが、６０℃あまりに達する物質もある。このため、潜熱蓄熱材の融液を凝固点以下の温度で速やかに発核させ、凝固を開始させる方法が種々考案されてきている。   In order to recover and use the heat stored by melting the latent heat storage material, it is necessary to solidify the latent heat storage material that has fallen in temperature and reached a temperature below the freezing point to generate solidification heat when necessary. Many of the substances considered as latent heat storage materials do not start to solidify immediately even when the temperature drops to the freezing point, and after cooling down to a temperature lower than the freezing point, the solidification starts and releases the heat of solidification. There is a nature. The difference between the freezing point and the solidification start temperature, that is, the degree of supercooling varies depending on the substance and the state in which it is placed, but there are substances that reach 60 ° C. or more. For this reason, various methods have been devised for quickly nucleating the melt of the latent heat storage material at a temperature below the freezing point and initiating solidification.

図７は特許第３４７２７９５号明細書等に記載されている従来の蓄熱装置を示す。図において、３１は蓄熱容器、３２は前記蓄熱容器３１の中に充填された過冷却可能な潜熱蓄熱材であり、蓄熱容器３１と潜熱蓄熱材３２とで蓄熱体を形成する。３３は前記蓄熱体を収容する蓄熱槽、３４は蓄熱槽３３の内部を上方の蓄熱部と下方の発核部とに分割する断熱体、３５と３６は過冷却を解除するときに熱媒体を注入するための経路、３７と３８は過冷却解除によって得られる熱を熱媒体を介して抽出するための経路、３９は熱源、４０は熱利用設備である。   FIG. 7 shows a conventional heat storage device described in Japanese Patent No. 3447295. In the figure, 31 is a heat storage container, 32 is a subcoolable latent heat storage material filled in the heat storage container 31, and the heat storage container 31 and the latent heat storage material 32 form a heat storage body. 33 is a heat storage tank that houses the heat storage body, 34 is a heat insulator that divides the inside of the heat storage tank 33 into an upper heat storage section and a lower nucleation section, and 35 and 36 are used as a heat medium when releasing supercooling. A path for injecting, 37 and 38 are paths for extracting heat obtained by releasing the supercooling through a heat medium, 39 is a heat source, and 40 is a heat utilization facility.

上述のように構成された蓄熱装置において、熱の注入過程では熱源３９から経路３５、経路３６および経路３７、経路３８を介して蓄熱槽３３の蓄熱部及び発核部に高温の熱媒体を循環させ、潜熱蓄熱材３２を融解させる。熱の保存過程では、潜熱蓄熱材３２の過冷却状態を保持し続ける。熱の抽出過程では、潜熱蓄熱材３２の過冷却状態を解除するために自発的発核温度よりも低い温度の熱媒体を熱源３９から経路３５、経路３６を介して蓄熱槽３３の発核部に循環させ、発核部に位置する潜熱蓄熱材３２を冷却する。この操作により、潜熱蓄熱材３２の下部から発核が起こり、潜熱蓄熱材３２の再結晶化が始まる。ひとたび再結晶化が始まれば、結晶は急速に上方へ成長していく。そこで、熱媒体を蓄熱槽３３の蓄熱部に循環させれば、潜熱蓄熱材３２から放出される凝固熱を回収し、蓄熱装置に接続された熱利用設備で利用することができる。
特許第３４７２７９５号明細書 In the heat storage device configured as described above, in the heat injection process, a high-temperature heat medium is circulated from the heat source 39 to the heat storage section and the nucleation section of the heat storage tank 33 through the path 35, the path 36, the path 37, and the path 38. And the latent heat storage material 32 is melted. In the heat storage process, the latent heat storage material 32 is kept in the supercooled state. In the heat extraction process, in order to release the supercooled state of the latent heat storage material 32, a heat medium having a temperature lower than the spontaneous nucleation temperature is transferred from the heat source 39 through the path 35 and path 36 to the nucleation section of the heat storage tank 33. The latent heat storage material 32 located in the nucleation part is cooled. By this operation, nucleation occurs from the lower part of the latent heat storage material 32, and recrystallization of the latent heat storage material 32 starts. Once recrystallization begins, the crystals grow rapidly upward. Therefore, if the heat medium is circulated through the heat storage section of the heat storage tank 33, the heat of solidification released from the latent heat storage material 32 can be recovered and used in the heat utilization equipment connected to the heat storage device.
Japanese Patent No. 3447295

上述のように構成された蓄熱装置の蓄熱体においては、過冷却状態を解除するための冷熱を受ける蓄熱体の断面構造が一様であるため、主に蓄熱材自身を媒介とする上方の蓄熱部から下方の発核部への熱損失が大きくなり、冷却による発核操作の障害になるばかりではなく、貯蔵していた熱の損失にもなることが問題である。また、蓄熱体の断面構造が一様であるため、蓄熱体同士が密着してしまい、熱媒体が蓄熱槽内を均一に流れることができず、効率よく熱の注入・抽出を行うことができない。   In the heat storage body of the heat storage device configured as described above, since the cross-sectional structure of the heat storage body that receives cold for releasing the supercooled state is uniform, the upper heat storage mainly using the heat storage material itself as a medium The problem is that the heat loss from the part to the nucleation part below becomes large, which not only hinders the nucleation operation by cooling, but also the loss of stored heat. Moreover, since the cross-sectional structure of the heat storage body is uniform, the heat storage bodies are in close contact with each other, the heat medium cannot flow uniformly in the heat storage tank, and heat cannot be injected and extracted efficiently. .

本発明は、上述のような問題点を解消するためになされたもので、熱損失量の少なく、発核が確実に行われ、かつ熱媒体が蓄熱槽内を均一に流れることが可能な蓄熱装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is a heat storage that can reduce the amount of heat loss, reliably perform nucleation, and allow the heat medium to flow uniformly in the heat storage tank. An object is to provide an apparatus.

本発明による蓄熱装置は、断面積が大きい部分と小さい部分とを持ち、内部に潜熱蓄熱材が充填される複数の蓄熱体と、前記蓄熱体を収容する蓄熱槽と、前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分が貫通され、前記蓄熱槽を第１領域Ａ（以下「領域Ａ」と略称する）と第２領域Ｂ（以下「領域Ｂ」と略称する）とに分離する断熱板とを備え、前記領域Ｂには前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分のみが存在し、前記領域Ａには前記蓄熱体の断面積の大きい部分と小さい部分とが存在することを特徴とする。   A heat storage device according to the present invention has a plurality of heat storage bodies each having a large cross-sectional area and a small section and filled with a latent heat storage material, a heat storage tank for housing the heat storage body, and a cross-sectional area of the heat storage body And a heat insulating plate that separates the heat storage tank into a first region A (hereinafter abbreviated as “region A”) and a second region B (hereinafter abbreviated as “region B”), The region B includes only a portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body, and the region A includes a portion having a large cross-sectional area and a portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body.

また、前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分が貫通され、前記蓄熱体を支持するための支持板が前記領域Ａに設けられ、該支持板には、前記蓄熱槽内を循環する熱媒体が流通するための流通孔が設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、前記流通孔は、前記支持板の内側に設けられた孔より最外周に設けられた孔の方が小さいことを特徴とする。
また、前記蓄熱体は、前記領域Ａにある部分の断面積が端部で絞られており、該蓄熱体端部が貫通され、かつ前記熱媒体が流通するための流通孔が設けられた支持板を備えたことを特徴とする。
また、前記領域Ｂの内部に電熱器が設けられていることを特徴とする。
また、前記領域Ａの内部に電熱器が設けられていることを特徴とする。 A portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body is penetrated, and a support plate for supporting the heat storage body is provided in the region A, and a heat medium circulating in the heat storage tank flows through the support plate. It is characterized in that a circulation hole is provided.
Further, the flow hole is characterized in that a hole provided on the outermost periphery is smaller than a hole provided on the inner side of the support plate.
Further, the heat storage body has a support in which a cross-sectional area of a portion in the region A is narrowed at an end portion, the end portion of the heat storage body is penetrated, and a flow hole for flowing the heat medium is provided. A board is provided.
Further, an electric heater is provided inside the region B.
Further, an electric heater is provided inside the region A.

また、前記潜熱蓄熱材は、水和物を主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記潜熱蓄熱材は、相分離防止剤が添加されていることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、燐酸水素二ナトリウム十二水和物であることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、硫酸ナトリウム十水和物であることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、塩化カルシウム六水和物であることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物であることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、酢酸ナトリウム三水和物であることを特徴とする。
また、前記水和物は、塩化マグネシウム六水和物を主成分とする。 In addition, the latent heat storage material is mainly composed of a hydrate.
The latent heat storage material is characterized in that a phase separation inhibitor is added.
The hydrate is disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate.
The hydrate is sodium sulfate decahydrate.
The hydrate is calcium chloride hexahydrate.
The hydrate is sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate.
The hydrate is sodium acetate trihydrate.
The hydrate is mainly composed of magnesium chloride hexahydrate.

また、前記潜熱蓄熱材は、アルコールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、スレイトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、エリスリトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、マンニトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、ズルシトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、ペンタエリスリトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記アルコールは、イノシトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする。
また、前記潜熱蓄熱材は、尿素樹脂を主成分とすることを特徴とする。 In addition, the latent heat storage material is mainly composed of alcohol.
Further, the alcohol is characterized by containing thritol as a main component.
In addition, the alcohol is mainly composed of erythritol.
The alcohol is mainly composed of mannitol.
The alcohol is mainly composed of dulcitol.
The alcohol is mainly composed of pentaerythritol.
The alcohol is characterized by containing inositol as a main component.
The latent heat storage material is mainly composed of a urea resin.

本発明の蓄熱装置では、過冷却を解除するために冷却される領域Ｂに位置する蓄熱体の断面積が冷却されない領域Ａに位置する蓄熱体の断面積よりも小さいので、領域Ｂの蓄熱体の熱容量を小さくし、かつ領域Ａから領域Ｂへの熱移動を小さくすることもできる。これにより、領域Ｂは効率良く冷却されて発核操作を円滑に行うことができ、同時に冷却の不要な領域Ａの熱損失を小さく抑えることも可能になる。また、断面積の小さい部分を蓄熱体の冷却される部分と冷却されない部分の接続部分に設けることによって、発核の起こり易さを妨げることなく、発核効率を高めることができる。よって、該蓄熱体を用いた蓄熱装置は、凝固の制御性が高まるとともに、有効に熱を利用することが可能となる。
さらに、本発明の蓄熱装置では、蓄熱体と熱媒体との熱交換を迅速に行わせることが可能となる。この特徴を図６の熱媒体の流れを示す図を用いて説明する。蓄熱槽内の熱媒体の流れは、蓄熱体の軸方向を主成分とする流れと半径方向を主成分とする流れが起き得る。しかし、蓄熱体同士が密着していると、熱媒体が蓄熱体同士の間隙に侵入することは困難である。従来の蓄熱装置では、蓄熱体が下端から同一の断面形状で伸びていたので、蓄熱槽に流入した熱媒体は蓄熱体群の最外周に位置する蓄熱体に邪魔されて、蓄熱体間に流れ込むことが困難であった。このため、従来装置では蓄熱体群の最外周の軸方向の流れが強く、蓄熱体間の流れは弱いので、熱媒体と蓄熱体と間の熱交換は主に最外周の蓄熱体に対して作用し、蓄熱体群の内側に位置する蓄熱体の熱交換は、漏れて蓄熱体間へ浸入した僅かの熱媒体との間の熱伝達と、最外周に位置する蓄熱体との熱伝導で行われる。その結果として、とくに蓄熱体群の内側に位置する蓄熱体は融解に時間がかかるとともに、凝固後の熱回収にも時間を必要とした。 In the heat storage device of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the heat storage body located in the region B that is cooled in order to release the supercooling is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the heat storage body located in the region A that is not cooled. And the heat transfer from the region A to the region B can be reduced. As a result, the region B can be efficiently cooled and the nucleation operation can be performed smoothly, and at the same time, the heat loss of the region A that does not require cooling can be reduced. In addition, by providing a portion having a small cross-sectional area at a connection portion between a portion where the heat storage body is cooled and a portion where the heat storage body is not cooled, nucleation efficiency can be increased without hindering the ease of occurrence of nucleation. Therefore, the heat storage device using the heat storage body can increase the controllability of solidification and can effectively use heat.
Furthermore, in the heat storage device of the present invention, heat exchange between the heat storage body and the heat medium can be performed quickly. This feature will be described with reference to the flow diagram of the heat medium in FIG. As for the flow of the heat medium in the heat storage tank, a flow whose main component is the axial direction of the heat storage body and a flow whose main component is the radial direction can occur. However, if the heat storage members are in close contact with each other, it is difficult for the heat medium to enter the gap between the heat storage members. In the conventional heat storage device, since the heat storage body extends from the lower end with the same cross-sectional shape, the heat medium flowing into the heat storage tank is obstructed by the heat storage body located at the outermost periphery of the heat storage body group and flows between the heat storage bodies. It was difficult. For this reason, in the conventional apparatus, since the flow in the axial direction of the outermost periphery of the heat storage body group is strong and the flow between the heat storage bodies is weak, the heat exchange between the heat medium and the heat storage body is mainly performed with respect to the outermost heat storage body. The heat exchange of the heat storage bodies that act and are located inside the heat storage body group is due to the heat transfer between the slight heat medium that has leaked and entered between the heat storage bodies, and the heat conduction between the heat storage bodies located on the outermost periphery. Done. As a result, especially the heat storage body located inside the heat storage body group takes time to melt and also requires time for heat recovery after solidification.

本発明の蓄熱装置は、主に蓄熱を目的とする領域Ａに収容された複数の蓄熱体において、その断面積の大きい部分同士が密着していても、その断面積の小さい部分同士においては蓄熱体と仕切板との間に間隙ができるので、領域Ａ内を循環する熱媒体が該間隙から各蓄熱体間の隙間に容易に侵入し、蓄熱体間の軸方向の流れを形成させやすい。このため、蓄熱体群の最外周に位置する軸方向の流れと、蓄熱体群の内側に形成される蓄熱体間の軸方向の流れとが、均一に形成されやすい。その結果として、蓄熱体は蓄熱槽内の設置位置にかかわらず熱媒体との間で均一な熱交換を行わせることが可能になり、融解時間と凝固後の熱回収時間を短縮することが可能になる。

また、従来装置の融解時間、熱回収時間で許容される対象であっても、本発明の装置では蓄熱槽内の流れの偏りすなわち温度分布の偏りを小さくすることができるので、熱伝導の駆動力となる温度差を小さくすることができ、従来よりも蓄熱材の融点に近い低温で融解させることが可能になる。 In the heat storage device of the present invention, in the plurality of heat storage bodies accommodated mainly in the region A for the purpose of heat storage, even if the portions having a large cross-sectional area are in close contact with each other, Since a gap is formed between the body and the partition plate, the heat medium circulating in the region A easily enters the gap between the heat storage bodies from the gap, and an axial flow between the heat storage bodies is easily formed. For this reason, the axial flow positioned on the outermost periphery of the heat storage body group and the axial flow between the heat storage bodies formed inside the heat storage body group are easily formed uniformly. As a result, it is possible for the heat storage body to perform uniform heat exchange with the heat medium regardless of the installation position in the heat storage tank, and to shorten the melting time and heat recovery time after solidification. become.

In addition, even if the melting time and heat recovery time of the conventional apparatus are acceptable, the flow of the heat storage tank, that is, the temperature distribution, can be reduced in the apparatus of the present invention. The temperature difference which becomes force can be made small, and it becomes possible to melt at a low temperature which is closer to the melting point of the heat storage material than before.

また、前記領域Ａに蓄熱体を支持するための支持板を蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分を貫通させて設けることにより、前記蓄熱体を安定的に固定でき、前記領域Ｂにある蓄熱槽の底面に対して蓄熱体の最端部を浮上させることができるので、蓄熱体の最端部と蓄熱槽との間の直接的熱損失を防止できる。
また、前記支持板に設けられた流通孔を介して、蓄熱槽内を熱媒体が循環する。
このとき、支持板の内側に設けられた流通孔よりも最外周に設けられた流通孔の方が小さいので、熱媒体の流れにくい蓄熱体同士の密着した内部に熱媒体が流れやすくなり、流れを均一にすることができる。 In addition, by providing a support plate for supporting the heat storage body in the region A through a portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body, the heat storage body can be stably fixed, and the heat storage tank in the region B can be fixed. Since the endmost part of the heat storage body can be levitated with respect to the bottom surface, direct heat loss between the endmost part of the heat storage body and the heat storage tank can be prevented.
In addition, the heat medium circulates in the heat storage tank through the circulation holes provided in the support plate.
At this time, the flow hole provided on the outermost periphery is smaller than the flow hole provided on the inner side of the support plate, so that the heat medium can easily flow inside the heat storage medium in which the heat medium is difficult to flow. Can be made uniform.

本発明の蓄熱装置は、熱媒体の循環する領域Ａに複数の蓄熱体の断面積の大きい部分と小さい部分とが収容され、かつ発核を促すための領域Ｂに該蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分が収容されていることを特徴とする。   In the heat storage device of the present invention, a large-area portion and a small-area portion of a plurality of heat storage bodies are accommodated in a region A where the heat medium circulates, and a cross-sectional area of the heat storage body is determined in a region B for promoting nucleation. A small part is accommodated.

図１は本発明の蓄熱装置の断面構造図である。また、図２に本実施例の蓄熱体の断面詳細図を示す。図１において、１は例えばポリプロピレンからなる蓄熱容器であり、２は前記蓄熱容器１の中に充填された過冷却可能な潜熱蓄熱材であり、でんぷん質の相分離防止剤を添加した燐酸水素二ナトリウム十二水和物（融点３６℃）を主成分とする。蓄熱容器１と潜熱蓄熱材２とで蓄熱体を形成する。蓄熱容器１は図２に示すように、潜熱蓄熱材２を注入した後、例えばポリプロピレンからなる蓋１５を溶着することで、密封される。蓄熱容器１は、主にその断面積の異なる２つの部分ａ、ｂからなるが、小さい方の断面の直径は凝固時の結晶成長を妨げない大きさとして、１ｍｍ以上に設定する。また、蓄熱容器１は潜熱蓄熱材２を注入する上部に断面積の小さい部分ｃを持つが、これは蓄熱体を支持するのにも好都合となる。   FIG. 1 is a sectional structural view of a heat storage device of the present invention. Moreover, the cross-sectional detailed drawing of the thermal storage body of a present Example is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a heat storage container made of, for example, polypropylene, 2 is a subcoolable latent heat storage material filled in the heat storage container 1, and two hydrogen phosphates to which a starch phase separation inhibitor is added. Sodium dodecahydrate (melting point 36 ° C.) is the main component. The heat storage container 1 and the latent heat storage material 2 form a heat storage body. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat storage container 1 is sealed by injecting a latent heat storage material 2 and then welding a lid 15 made of, for example, polypropylene. The heat storage container 1 is mainly composed of two parts a and b having different cross-sectional areas, but the diameter of the smaller cross section is set to 1 mm or more as a size that does not hinder crystal growth during solidification. Moreover, although the thermal storage container 1 has the part c with a small cross-sectional area in the upper part which inject | pours the latent heat storage material 2, this becomes convenient also to support a thermal storage body.

容器１および潜熱蓄熱材２は、材料適合性があれば種々の材料の組み合わせが考えられ、本実施例に限定されない。たとえば、容器１の材料にはポリエチレンやフッ素樹脂、ステンレス鋼、酸化アルミニウムなども耐食性が高く、種々の潜熱蓄熱材２に適用できる。また、潜熱蓄熱材２は必要とする融点に応じた物質が選択可能であり、たとえば 硫酸ナトリウム十水和物（融点３２℃）、塩化カルシウム六水和物（融点２９℃）、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物（融点４８℃）、酢酸ナトリウム三水和物（融点５８℃）、塩化マグネシウム六水和物（融点１１５℃）などの水和物、スレイトール（融点８８℃）、エリスリトール（融点１１８℃）、マンニトール（融点１６７℃）、ズルシトール（融点１８７℃）、ペンタエリスリトール（融点１８７℃）、イノシトール（融点２２４℃）などの多価アルコール類、各種融点のパラフィン類、安息香酸（融点１２２℃）、尿素（融点１３３℃）などの有機物も使用できる。   As long as the container 1 and the latent heat storage material 2 have material compatibility, the combination of various materials can be considered and it is not limited to a present Example. For example, polyethylene, fluororesin, stainless steel, aluminum oxide and the like are highly corrosion resistant as the material of the container 1 and can be applied to various latent heat storage materials 2. The latent heat storage material 2 can be selected according to the required melting point, such as sodium sulfate decahydrate (melting point 32 ° C.), calcium chloride hexahydrate (melting point 29 ° C.), sodium thiosulfate penta Hydrates such as hydrate (melting point 48 ° C.), sodium acetate trihydrate (melting point 58 ° C.), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (melting point 115 ° C.), threitol (melting point 88 ° C.), erythritol (melting point 118 ° C.) ), Polyhydric alcohols such as mannitol (melting point 167 ° C.), dulcitol (melting point 187 ° C.), pentaerythritol (melting point 187 ° C.), inositol (melting point 224 ° C.), paraffins having various melting points, benzoic acid (melting point 122 ° C.) Organic substances such as urea (melting point: 133 ° C.) can also be used.

３は前記蓄熱体を収容する蓄熱槽であり、蓄熱部Ａと過冷却解除のときに自発的発核温度以下に冷却される発核部Ｂとに断熱板４を介して分断される。蓄熱体の断面積の大きい部分ａと断面積の小さい部分ｂの一部は蓄熱部Ａに存在し、蓄熱体の断面積の大きい部分ａの存在する領域を蓄熱部Ａ１、断面積の小さい部分ｂの一部が存在する領域を蓄熱部Ａ２と区分する。断面積の小さい部分ｂの残りの部分は断熱板４を貫通して発核部Ｂに存在する。蓄熱槽３の材質は、ステンレス鋼やポリプロピレン、架橋ポリエチレンなどの耐熱、耐食、防液性及び支持強度のある材料であれば、種々の材料が選択可能である。断熱板４の材質は、フッ素ゴム、シリコンゴムおよびそれらの発泡体などの耐熱、耐食、防液性及び断熱性のある材料であれば、種々の材料が選択可能である。特に、断熱板４に弾性のある材料を用いると蓄熱部Ａと発核部Ｂとの間のシール性がよくなる。   3 is a heat storage tank which accommodates the said heat storage body, and it divides | segments through the heat insulation board 4 into the heat storage part A and the nucleation part B cooled below to a spontaneous nucleation temperature at the time of supercooling cancellation | release. A part a having a large cross-sectional area a and a part b having a small cross-sectional area exist in the heat storage part A, and a region where the part a having a large cross-sectional area of the heat storage body exists is a heat storage part A1, a part having a small cross-sectional area. A region where a part of b exists is divided from the heat storage unit A2. The remaining part b of the small cross-sectional area b passes through the heat insulating plate 4 and exists in the nucleation part B. The material of the heat storage tank 3 can be selected from various materials as long as the material has heat resistance, corrosion resistance, liquid resistance, and support strength such as stainless steel, polypropylene, and crosslinked polyethylene. The material of the heat insulating plate 4 can be selected from various materials as long as the material has heat resistance, corrosion resistance, liquid resistance, and heat insulation properties such as fluoro rubber, silicon rubber, and foams thereof. In particular, when an elastic material is used for the heat insulating plate 4, the sealing performance between the heat storage part A and the nucleation part B is improved.

５は蓄熱槽内を循環する熱媒体、６と７は過冷却を解除するときに熱媒体を注入するための経路、８と９は過冷却解除によって得られる熱を熱媒体を介して抽出するための経路である。１０は蓄熱体と断熱板４を鉛直方向に支持するために、蓄熱体が貫通できる孔が開けられた支持板である。１１は蓄熱体を支持するために蓄熱体の上部ｃが貫通できる孔の開けられたディフューザーであり、蓄熱槽３の中の熱媒体の流れを水平方向断面で一様になるようにするために流路となる多数の孔が開けられている。１２は熱媒体５を循環させるためのポンプ、１３は蓄熱槽の外部に設けられている熱源で、加熱／冷却の駆動力は電気や燃焼熱、太陽熱など種類を問わない。１４は熱利用設備である。図示していないが、蓄熱槽３の外面や接続配管は、グラスウールやポリスチレンフォーム、クロロプレンフォームのような断熱材で被覆される。   5 is a heat medium that circulates in the heat storage tank, 6 and 7 are paths for injecting the heat medium when canceling the supercooling, and 8 and 9 are used to extract the heat obtained by canceling the supercooling through the heat medium. It is a route for. Reference numeral 10 denotes a support plate in which a hole through which the heat storage body can pass is formed in order to support the heat storage body and the heat insulating plate 4 in the vertical direction. Reference numeral 11 denotes a diffuser having a hole through which the upper portion c of the heat storage body can pass in order to support the heat storage body, in order to make the flow of the heat medium in the heat storage tank 3 uniform in the horizontal section. A large number of holes serving as flow paths are opened. 12 is a pump for circulating the heat medium 5, and 13 is a heat source provided outside the heat storage tank, and the driving force for heating / cooling is not limited to electricity, combustion heat, solar heat or the like. Reference numeral 14 denotes heat utilization equipment. Although not shown in figure, the outer surface and connection piping of the thermal storage tank 3 are coat | covered with heat insulating materials, such as glass wool, a polystyrene foam, and a chloroprene foam.

次に上述のように構成された蓄熱装置の動作について説明する。まず、熱の注入時には、熱源１３から蓄熱槽３の蓄熱部Ａと発核部Ｂに経路６→経路７、経路８→経路９の順にそれぞれ高温の熱媒体を循環させ、容器１を介して潜熱蓄熱材２を加熱し、融解させる。蓄熱が完了すると、熱媒体５の循環を停止させ、蓄熱槽３を放置する。熱の保存期間においては、蓄熱槽から蓄熱槽周囲環境への熱損失のために、潜熱蓄熱材２の温度は徐々に低下し、過冷却状態になる。この際、発核部Ｂの温度が潜熱蓄熱材２の自発的発核温度を下回らないように熱媒体５を少量循環させて保持する。   Next, the operation of the heat storage device configured as described above will be described. First, when injecting heat, a high-temperature heat medium is circulated from the heat source 13 to the heat storage part A and the nucleation part B of the heat storage tank 3 in the order of path 6 → path 7 and path 8 → path 9. The latent heat storage material 2 is heated and melted. When the heat storage is completed, the circulation of the heat medium 5 is stopped and the heat storage tank 3 is left. During the heat storage period, due to heat loss from the heat storage tank to the environment surrounding the heat storage tank, the temperature of the latent heat storage material 2 gradually decreases and enters a supercooled state. At this time, the heat medium 5 is circulated and held in a small amount so that the temperature of the nucleation part B does not fall below the spontaneous nucleation temperature of the latent heat storage material 2.

熱の抽出時には、熱源１３から潜熱蓄熱材２の自発的発核温度よりも低温の熱媒体５を経路６から経路７へ循環させ、潜熱蓄熱材２を冷却することで発核を起こさせる。一度発核が起こると結晶は上方に成長し、蓄熱部Ａに潜熱を放出しながら凝固が進展する。発核が完了すれば、経路６から経路７への冷却水の循環を停止させる。次に、蓄熱体から放出される凝固熱を抽出するために経路８から経路９に熱媒体５を循環させ、蓄熱体から熱媒体５に熱を移動させる。このとき、複数の蓄熱体において、その断面積の大きい部分ａ同士が密着していても、その断面積の小さい部分ｂ同士においては間隙ができるので、経路８から蓄熱部Ａ１に注入される熱媒体５は該間隙から断面積の大きい部分ａの蓄熱体間の微細な間隙にも移動しやすく、蓄熱部Ａ１から蓄熱部Ａ２まで均一に熱媒体５を流入させることができ、すなわち効率よく熱の注入・抽出を行わせることができる。潜熱蓄熱材２の凝固熱で加熱されて経路９から流出する熱媒体５は、熱利用設備１４で利用された後に、経路８から蓄熱槽３に帰還する。
各経路に熱媒体を流す方向は自由であり、例えば加熱時は経路７→経路６→経路８→経路９の順やその逆の経路９→経路８→経路６→経路７の順に、蓄熱部Ａと発核部Ｂを直列接続で熱媒体５を循環させてもよい。また、冷却時は経路７→経路６で、熱回収時は経路９→経路８で熱媒体５を循環させてもよい。 At the time of heat extraction, the heat medium 5 having a temperature lower than the spontaneous nucleation temperature of the latent heat storage material 2 is circulated from the heat source 13 to the path 7 to cool the latent heat storage material 2 to cause nucleation. Once nucleation occurs, the crystal grows upward and solidification progresses while releasing latent heat to the heat storage part A. When the nucleation is completed, the cooling water circulation from the path 6 to the path 7 is stopped. Next, in order to extract the solidification heat released from the heat storage body, the heat medium 5 is circulated from the path 8 to the path 9, and heat is transferred from the heat storage body to the heat medium 5. At this time, in the plurality of heat storage bodies, even if the portions a having a large cross-sectional area are in close contact with each other, a gap is formed between the portions b having a small cross-sectional area. The medium 5 easily moves from the gap to the minute gap between the heat storage bodies of the portion a having a large cross-sectional area, and the heat medium 5 can flow uniformly from the heat storage section A1 to the heat storage section A2, that is, heat can be efficiently generated. Can be injected and extracted. The heat medium 5 that is heated by the solidification heat of the latent heat storage material 2 and flows out of the path 9 returns to the heat storage tank 3 from the path 8 after being used in the heat utilization facility 14.
The direction in which the heat medium flows through each path is arbitrary. For example, during heating, the heat storage unit is in the order of path 7 → path 6 → path 8 → path 9 and vice versa 9 → path 8 → path 6 → path 7. The heat medium 5 may be circulated by connecting A and the nucleation part B in series. Further, the heat medium 5 may be circulated through the path 7 → the path 6 during cooling, and the path 9 → the path 8 during heat recovery.

図３は、本発明の他の蓄熱装置の断面構造図を示す。図において、１〜１１は実施例図１と同一あるいは相当する部分を示す。１６は蓄熱部Ａ１と蓄熱部Ａ２との境界に設けられた支持板であり、蓄熱体を鉛直方向に支持するために、蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分ｂが貫通できる孔が開けられ、また、熱媒体５の流路となる多数の孔が開けられている。このとき、孔の大きさは、図４に示すように最外周の孔１８の方が内側の孔１９よりも小さくなるように設定されている。支持板１６の材質は、ステンレス鋼やフッ素樹脂など耐熱、耐食性と強度のある材料であれば、種々の材料が選択できる。   FIG. 3 shows a sectional structural view of another heat storage device of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 1 to 11 denote the same or corresponding parts as in FIG. Reference numeral 16 denotes a support plate provided at the boundary between the heat storage unit A1 and the heat storage unit A2, and in order to support the heat storage body in the vertical direction, a hole through which a portion b having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body can pass is opened. A number of holes serving as flow paths for the heat medium 5 are formed. At this time, the size of the hole is set so that the outermost hole 18 is smaller than the inner hole 19 as shown in FIG. As the material of the support plate 16, various materials can be selected as long as the material has heat resistance, corrosion resistance and strength such as stainless steel and fluororesin.

上述のように構成された蓄熱装置においては、支持板１６を設けたことにより、発核部Ｂに位置する蓄熱体の底部を蓄熱槽３から浮上させることができるので、蓄熱体の底部と蓄熱槽３との間の直接的な熱損失を防止することができる。また、支持板１６に開けられた孔は、最外周の孔１８の方が内側の孔１９よりも小さく設定されているので、経路８からの熱媒体５は最外周の孔１８より内側の孔１９の方が管路抵抗が小さく、通過しやすい。逆に支持板１６より上方では、該蓄熱装置の構造から熱媒体５は蓄熱体同士の間隙を流れるよりも、蓄熱体群の外側と蓄熱槽３の内面で挟まれた空間の方が広く、通過しやすい。したがって、支持板１６で両者の管路抵抗を調節すれば、蓄熱体群の外側と蓄熱体間の熱媒体５の流量を均一にし、蓄熱体と熱媒体５との間の熱交換を均一にすることができる。   In the heat storage device configured as described above, by providing the support plate 16, the bottom of the heat storage body located in the nucleation part B can be levitated from the heat storage tank 3, so the bottom of the heat storage body and the heat storage Direct heat loss with the tank 3 can be prevented. In addition, the hole formed in the support plate 16 is set so that the outermost hole 18 is smaller than the inner hole 19, so that the heat medium 5 from the path 8 is a hole inside the outermost hole 18. No. 19 has a smaller pipe resistance and is easier to pass. On the contrary, above the support plate 16, the space between the outer side of the heat storage body group and the inner surface of the heat storage tank 3 is wider than the heat medium 5 flows through the gap between the heat storage bodies from the structure of the heat storage device. Easy to pass. Therefore, if both pipe resistances are adjusted with the support plate 16, the flow rate of the heat medium 5 between the outside of the heat accumulator group and the heat accumulator is made uniform, and the heat exchange between the heat accumulator and the heat medium 5 is made uniform. can do.

図５は、本発明の他の蓄熱装置の断面構造図を示す。図において、１〜１１、１６は図３と同一あるいは相当する部分を示す。２０は発核部Ｂに設けられた電熱器、２１は蓄熱部Ａに設けられた電熱器である。電熱器２０を設けることにより、熱の貯蔵期間中に発核部Ｂの潜熱蓄熱材２が自発的発核温度を下回ってしまわないように温度を制御することができる。また、蓄熱部Ａに電熱器２１を設けることにより、電力、とくに深夜電力で蓄熱槽内を加熱できる。電熱器２０、２１は、必要に応じてどちらかあるいは両方を設置すればよい。また、実施例１の蓄熱装置に設置することも可能である。   FIG. 5 shows a sectional structural view of another heat storage device of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 1 to 11 and 16 denote the same or corresponding parts as in FIG. 20 is an electric heater provided in the nucleation part B, and 21 is an electric heater provided in the heat storage part A. By providing the electric heater 20, the temperature can be controlled so that the latent heat storage material 2 of the nucleation part B does not fall below the spontaneous nucleation temperature during the heat storage period. Moreover, by providing the electric heater 21 in the heat storage part A, the inside of the heat storage tank can be heated with electric power, particularly late-night electric power. Either or both of the electric heaters 20 and 21 may be installed as necessary. It can also be installed in the heat storage device of the first embodiment.

本発明の蓄熱装置の断面構造図である。（実施例１）It is a cross-section figure of the heat storage apparatus of this invention. Example 1 本発明の蓄熱体の断面構造図である。（実施例１）It is a cross-sectional structure figure of the thermal storage body of this invention. Example 1 本発明の蓄熱装置の断面構造図である。（実施例２）It is a cross-section figure of the heat storage apparatus of this invention. (Example 2) 本発明の支持板の上面図である。（実施例２）It is a top view of the support plate of this invention. (Example 2) 本発明の蓄熱装置の断面構造図である。（実施例３）It is a cross-section figure of the heat storage apparatus of this invention. Example 3 熱媒体の流量を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the flow volume of a heat medium. 従来の蓄熱装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the conventional heat storage apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 蓄熱容器
２ 潜熱蓄熱材
３ 蓄熱槽
４ 断熱板
５ 熱媒体
１０、１６ 支持板
１１ ディフューザー
１８、１９ 流通孔
２０、２１ 電熱器
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat storage container 2 Latent heat storage material 3 Heat storage tank 4 Heat insulation board 5 Heat medium 10, 16 Support plate 11 Diffuser 18, 19 Flow hole 20, 21 Electric heater

Claims (22)

断面積が大きい部分と小さい部分とを持ち、内部に潜熱蓄熱材が充填される複数の蓄熱体と、前記蓄熱体を収容する蓄熱槽と、前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分が貫通され、前記蓄熱槽を第１領域Ａと第２領域Ｂとに分離する断熱板とを備え、前記第２領域Ｂには前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分のみが存在し、前記第１領域Ａには前記蓄熱体の断面積の大きい部分と小さい部分とが存在することを特徴とする蓄熱装置。   A plurality of heat storage elements having a large cross-sectional area and a small part, filled with a latent heat storage material therein, a heat storage tank that houses the heat storage body, and a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body are penetrated, A heat insulating plate that separates the heat storage tank into a first region A and a second region B; the second region B includes only a portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body; Is a heat storage device characterized in that there are a portion having a large cross-sectional area and a portion having a small cross-sectional area. 前記蓄熱体の断面積の小さい部分が貫通され、前記蓄熱体を支持するための支持板が前記第１領域Ａに設けられ、該支持板には、前記蓄熱槽内を循環する熱媒体が流通するための流通孔が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄熱装置。   A portion having a small cross-sectional area of the heat storage body is penetrated, and a support plate for supporting the heat storage body is provided in the first region A, and a heat medium circulating in the heat storage tank flows through the support plate. The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein a circulation hole is provided. 前記流通孔は、前記支持板の内側に設けられた孔より最外周に設けられた孔の方が小さいことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 2, wherein the circulation hole is smaller in a hole provided in an outermost periphery than a hole provided inside the support plate. 前記蓄熱体は、前記第１領域Ａにある部分の断面積が端部で絞られており、該蓄熱体端部が貫通され、かつ前記熱媒体が流通するための流通孔が設けられた支持板を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage body is a support in which a cross-sectional area of a portion in the first region A is narrowed at an end, the end of the heat storage body is penetrated, and a flow hole for flowing the heat medium is provided. The heat storage device according to claim 1, further comprising a plate. 前記第２領域Ｂの内部に電熱器が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４に記載の蓄熱装置   5. The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein an electric heater is provided in the second region B. 6. 前記第１領域Ａの内部に電熱器が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein an electric heater is provided inside the first region A. 前記潜熱蓄熱材は、水和物を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the latent heat storage material contains a hydrate as a main component. 前記潜熱蓄熱材は、相分離防止剤が添加されていることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7, wherein a phase separation inhibitor is added to the latent heat storage material. 前記水和物は、燐酸水素二ナトリウム十二水和物であることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate is disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate. 前記水和物は、硫酸ナトリウム十水和物であることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate is sodium sulfate decahydrate. 前記水和物は、塩化カルシウム六水和物であることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate is calcium chloride hexahydrate. 前記水和物は、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物であることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate is sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. 前記水和物は、酢酸ナトリウム三水和物であることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate is sodium acetate trihydrate. 前記水和物は、塩化マグネシウム六水和物を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項７又は請求項８に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydrate contains magnesium chloride hexahydrate as a main component. 前記潜熱蓄熱材は、アルコールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material contains alcohol as a main component. 前記アルコールは、スレイトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol is mainly composed of threitol. 前記アルコールは、エリスリトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol is mainly composed of erythritol. 前記アルコールは、マンニトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol is mainly composed of mannitol. 前記アルコールは、ズルシトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol is mainly composed of dulcitol. 前記アルコールは、ペンタエリスリトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol contains pentaerythritol as a main component. 前記アルコールは、イノシトールを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１６に記載の蓄熱装置。   The heat storage device according to claim 16, wherein the alcohol is mainly composed of inositol. 前記潜熱蓄熱材は、尿素樹脂を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６に記載の蓄熱装置。
The heat storage device according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material contains urea resin as a main component.
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