JP2006271234A - New strain of lyophyllum shimeji and use of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new strain of Lyophyllum shimeji and provide a method for producing Lyophyllum shimeji using the strain as spawn. <P>SOLUTION: The new strain of Lyophyllum shimeji has the following characteristics described in (1)-(4): (1) fruit bodies can be generated by artificial cultivation using a mushroom bed, (2) stems of the fruit bodies are very thick, (3) the surface of the fruit body is flat and smooth, and hard to generate protrusions and (4) the fruit bodies generate in a stump shape. The method for artificially producing Lyophyllum shimeji is to use mushroom beds and use the strain as spawn. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a new strain of hon-shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) and a method for producing hon-shimeji using the strain.

  Traditionally, honshimeji belongs to mycorrhizal fungi, and thus artificial cultivation has been considered extremely difficult. However, Mr. Ota of Shiga Prefectural Forestry Center has developed a practical culture method for Honjimeji using barley and sawdust, and Honshimeji YG6L has been reported as an excellent strain that can be used for artificial cultivation. No. 4427, Nikkatsu Journal, Vol. 39, pages 13-20 (1998), JP 2002-247717, etc.).

Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-4427 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-247917 Nichibuho, 39, 13-20 (1998)

  YG6L, which is a well-known excellent strain, can be artificially cultivated, but (1) the form preferred by consumers, specifically, the fungus pattern does not become thick, and there is no original thick feeling of hon-shimeji, (2) artificial cultivation In that case, warts are likely to occur on the surface of the fungus umbrella, impairing the value of the product, and (3) the occurrence of fruiting bodies is not a stock type, and it takes time and effort to harvest. Therefore, it was not necessarily a desirable strain.

  Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel hon-shimeji strain that overcomes the disadvantages of YG6L.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have made YG6L a parent strain, and by crossing this with a wild strain or a known hon-shimeji strain, a novel hon-shimeji overcoming the drawbacks of YG6L. The present invention was completed by finding that a strain can be provided. Therefore, the present invention is as follows.

[1] A strain belonging to Lyophyllum shimeji having the following features (1) to (4).
(1) Fruit bodies can be generated by artificial cultivation using fungal beds
(2) The fruit body of the fruiting body is very thick, and the ratio of the total length to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / the thickness of the fungus pattern) is 1.7 to 2.4.
(3) The surface of the fruit body is smooth and warts are less likely to occur, and
(4) The occurrence of fruiting bodies is a stock type

[2] The strain described in [1] above, wherein the artificial cultivation using the fungus bed comprises the following steps (A) to (D).
(A) The process of sterilizing and filling the culture vessel after sawdust and nutrients are mixed
(B) A step of culturing in a dark room under a temperature condition of 18 to 28 ° C. after inoculation with the inoculum
(C) After completion of the bacteria rotation, covering with soil and further culturing; and
(D) A step of generating fruit bodies in a bright room under a temperature condition of 12-18 ° C. which is 3 ° C. or more lower than the step (B)

[3] The strain described in [1] above, wherein the ratio of the total length to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / thickness of the fungus pattern) is 1.7 to 2.0.
[4] The strain described in [1] above, wherein the wart incidence is 10% or less.

[5] The strain described in [1] above, having 2 to 10 fruiting bodies per strain.
[6] The strain described in [1] above, which is obtained by artificial mating using a hon-shimeji mushroom YG6L as one parent strain and a wild strain or a known strain as the other parent strain.

[7] The strain described in [1] above, which is Lyophyllum shimeji YMS208 strain (FERM AP-20393).
[8] A method for producing hon-shimeji mushroom by an artificial cultivation method using a fungus bed, wherein the strain according to any one of the above [1] to [7] is used as an inoculum.
[9] Lyophyllum shimeji YMS208 strain (FERM AP-20393) or a mutant thereof.

  Since the new strain of the present invention can be artificially cultivated using a fungus bed, the fungus pattern is very thick, the surface of the fungus is smooth, warts are unlikely to occur, and the fruiting body generation is a stock-shaped type, It is a practical strain that overcomes all the disadvantages of YG6L, which has been regarded as a superior strain of the past, has a form preferred by consumers, is easy to harvest, and can be artificially cultivated.

  In addition, when artificially cultivated, the occurrence of warts commonly observed in many fungal species is suppressed, and the thick hon-shimeji of the present invention that can stably produce a thick hon-shimeji with a fungus pattern similar to Daikoku-shimeji, another name for hon-shimeji. The production method is useful as a method for artificially mass-producing hon-shimeji with high commercial value.

(1) Strain of the Present Invention The strain of the present invention is a strain belonging to Lyophyllum shimeji having the following features (1) to (4). YMS208 strain (FERM AP-20393) can be mentioned.

(1) Fruit bodies can be generated by artificial cultivation using fungal beds
(2) The fruit body of the obtained fruit body is extremely thick, and the ratio of the total length to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / bacterial pattern thickness) is 1.7 to 2.4.
(3) The surface of the resulting fruit body is smooth, warts are less likely to occur, and
(4) The occurrence of the fruiting body is a stock-shaped pattern

In addition, "artificial cultivation using a fungus bed" means cultivation consisting of the following steps (A) to (D), and detailed cultivation conditions and the like are as described below.
(A) The process of sterilizing and filling the culture vessel after sawdust and nutrients are mixed
(B) A step of culturing in a dark room under a temperature condition of 18 to 28 ° C. after inoculation with the inoculum
(C) After completion of the bacteria rotation, covering with soil and further culturing; and
(D) A step of generating fruit bodies in a bright room under a temperature condition of 12-18 ° C. which is 3 ° C. or more lower than the step (B)

  Among these strains, the ratio of the total length of the fruiting body to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / thickness of the fungus pattern) is 1.7 to 2.0, and the incidence of warts is 10% or less. (More preferably 7% or less) and / or those having the ability to generate 2 to 10 fruiting bodies per share have higher commercial value and can be exemplified as preferable ones.

  The strain of the present invention is a strain produced by a known artificial mating method using one parent strain, YG6L (NBRC 100325), which is a known excellent strain, and the other parent strain, using a wild strain or other known strain. What has the said characteristic and character should just be selected in a small-scale test.

  Known strains that can be used as parent strains include, for example, 150302-2 (ATCC 201196), SF-Ls1F (ATCC 204314), SF-Ls12F (ATCC 204315), SF-Ls6F (ATCC 204316), FGLs1F (ATCC 204317), NG2L (IFO 32779), EH2L (IFO 32780), LS-H008 (Japanese Journal of Applied Mushrooms, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 171-174 (2001)) can be exemplified.

  The production method of the hon-shimeji mushroom of the present invention using the strain of the present invention produced and selected in this way as the inoculum can be carried out according to a known artificial cultivation method of hon-shimeji mushroom using a fungal bed.

  In other words, the culture medium includes nutrient materials (cereal flour (wheat, rice, etc.) commonly used for mushroom cultivation, bran, rice bran, sugar cane squeezed rice, dried okara, etc.) and sawdust (hardwood alone or coniferous What mixed the sawdust) can be used.

  Such a culture medium contains water and is in a water wet state, which is sterilized by normal pressure or high pressure heating, and used as a medium. The water content of the culture medium is 50 to 70% by weight, preferably 55 to 65% by weight.

  After filling such a culture medium in a container for cultivating mushrooms such as namekobin, after inoculating the hon-shimeji mushroom strain of the present invention, the first stage culture is performed in the dark at 18 to 28 ° C., and then soil (Kanuma soil) In order to promote the development of fruiting bodies after additional culture, the second stage culture should be performed in a light place at a temperature of 12-18 ° C., which is 3 ° C. lower than the first stage temperature. So you can produce Honshimeji.

  Hereinafter, although it demonstrates in detail based on an Example, it is clear that this invention is not limited to this.

(1) Production and selection of the strain of the present invention 46 wild hon-shimeji strains are collected from all over Japan and can be cultivated by a known fungal bed artificial cultivation method, and a strain having excellent cultivating characteristics and morphological characteristics is selected. It was.
Spores were isolated from a selected strain (produced in Hiroshima) with excellent cultivation characteristics and morphological characteristics and a known excellent strain YG6L, and a crossed strain was produced and selected by counterculture. Among them, the strain YMS208 having excellent cultivating characteristics and morphological characteristics was selected, and after confirming that various properties were stable, the breeding was completed.

  The selected YMS208 strain was deposited with the Patent Organism Depositary Center on February 9, 2005, and has been given “FERM AP-20393” as the receipt number.

(2) Genetic characteristics
Potato Dextrose agar medium (Difco) was used and cultured at 25 ° C. for 30 days, and the presence or absence of banding and achromatic reaction was observed. The pH of the agar medium was 5.6 ± 0.2, and a petri dish having a diameter of 9 cm was used.

  As a result, as shown in Table 1, when YMS208 and YG6L were confronted with each other, no band was formed, and the achromatic reaction caused gaps or raised boundaries between colonies. The criteria for judgment are as follows.

Band formation: Colored lines are formed between colonies. +
Lightly colored lines are formed between colonies. ±
Do not form colored lines between colonies. −

Discoloration reaction: Creates clear gaps or raised boundaries between colonies. +
Create gaps or raised boundaries between colonies. ±
There are no gaps or raised boundaries between colonies. −

(3) Physiological characteristics
Potato Dextrose agar medium (manufactured by Difco) was used to measure the mycelial growth rate in each temperature zone of 5 ° C, 15 ° C, 20 ° C, 23 ° C, 25 ° C, and 28 ° C. The pH of the agar medium was 5.6 ± 0.2.
As a result, as shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the optimum growth temperature of YMS208 was around 23 ° C.

（単位 ：mm/day）

(Unit: mm / day)

  Next, the density, properties, peripheral properties, and color of the flora in the Potato Dextrose agar medium were observed. As a result, (a) the density is normal, (b) the flora surface is smooth, (c) the flora periphery is uniform, (d) the flora is normal, (e ) Not resistant to high and low temperatures. In addition, a petri dish having a diameter of 9 cm was used for the culture, and measurement and observation were performed when the culture was stretched by about 70%.

The mycological characteristics of the potato-dextrose agar medium are as follows.
(A) After culturing at 25 ° C. for 10 days on a potato-dextrose agar medium, the colony diameter became 40 mm and the cells grew well. The surface is flat with white flora. The peripheral part of the colony is uniform, and the thickness and density of the mycelium are medium.
(B) After inoculating a mycelium piece having a diameter of 5 mm on a potato-dextrose agar medium, changing the temperature stepwise, culturing for 7 days, and measuring the diameter of the colony, the best growing temperature is 23-25 ° C. Met. Further, the growth is considerably poor at 35 ° C. or 10 ° C., and hardly grows at 5 ° C. or 40 ° C.
(C) While adjusting the pH stepwise with a potato-dextrose agar medium, inoculating a mycelium piece having a diameter of 5 mm, culturing at 25 ° C. for 7 days, and measuring the diameter of the colony, the pH was 4.0 to 8. The hyphae grew between 0 and the pH with the best growth was 5.4 to 5.8.

(4) Cultivation characteristics (test method)
The cultivation characteristic test was carried out in a medium in which grains such as wheat and rice were mixed at a ratio of 2: 1 to a mixture of hardwood sawdust or coniferous sawdust and the water content was adjusted to about 60%. As the cultivation container, a nameko wide PP bottle having a diameter of 75 mm and a capacity of 800 cc was used. The medium filling amount was 550 g per bottle, and the bottle was filled up to the shoulder of the bottle and autoclaved. After sterilization and cooling, about 20 ml of sawdust seeds were inoculated and cultured at 22 ± 2 ° C.

  The culture was continued until the bacteria were completed (about 70 to 80 days), and the moistened Kanuma soil was covered and further cultured for 10 days under the same conditions. After the additional culture, the fruit bodies were generated and grown at a temperature of 15 to 16 ° C. at a humidity of 95% or more and a brightness of 300 to 500 lux (Lux) for about 25 to 30 days.

  The hon-shimeji mushrooms were harvested when the resulting fruiting body was sufficiently grown and the umbrella was in an eight-fold open state. In addition, the main cultivation test was repeated 3 times at least 25 in 1 ward.

(result)
Differences between YMS208 and YG6L obtained from the cultivation test are shown below.
<Period from inoculation to inoculation of fruiting body>
YMS208 average 118 days, YG6L average 122 days

<Period until optimum fruit harvest time at optimum temperature after soiling>
YMS208 31-35 days, YG6L 26-30 days

<Generation type of child entity>
YMS208 stock type, YG6L group type <fruit body yield>
YMS208 average 99.6 g / bottle, YG6L average 94.1 g / bottle

<The size of the fungus>
YMS208 average 35.7mm, YG6L average 31.2mm
<Thickness of fungus>
YMS208 average 13.4mm, YG6L average 15.3mm

<Length of fungus pattern>
YMS208 average 44.2mm, YG6L average 43.2mm
<Thickness of fungus pattern>
YMS208 average 29.3mm, YG6L average 21.7mm

<Ratio between the diameter of the fungus umbrella and the length of the fungus pattern>
YMS208 average 1.2, YG6L average 1.4
<Ratio between the total length and the thickness of the fungus pattern>
YMS208 average 1.9, YG6L average 2.8

  In addition, the measurement of a hon-shimeji mushroom selects four large fruit bodies from each cultivation bin, and each item (1: full length, 2: thickness of fungus pattern (thickest part)), 3: diameter of fungus umbrella 4: thickness of fungus umbrella, 5: length of fungus pattern).

  Next, the wart incidence was determined by measuring the number of wart bottles generated on the fungus umbrella. The results are shown in Table 3.

  As is clear from Table 3, warts occur at a frequency of 25-40% even in YG6L in excellent strains, whereas the incidence of warts in YMS208 is 10% or less, which is much higher than the incidence of YG6L. It was revealed that the occurrence of warts was suppressed.

(5) Consumer characteristics When randomly selected people compared the appearance, fragrance, and taste of YMS208 and YG6L, there was almost no difference in the fragrance and taste. % Responded that YMS208 was preferred.
In addition, YMS208 with warts and warts without YMS208 were presented and asked about which one to buy, and about 95% of the respondents said that they would purchase YMS208 with warts.

<Receipt>

FIG. 1 schematically shows a measurement site of a fruit body.

Claims (9)

A strain belonging to Lyophyllum shimeji having the following features (1) to (4).
(1) Fruit bodies can be generated by artificial cultivation using fungal beds
(2) The fruit body of the fruiting body is very thick, and the ratio of the total length to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / thickness of the fungus pattern) is 1.7 to 2.4.
(3) The surface of the fruit body is smooth and warts are less likely to occur, and
(4) The occurrence of fruiting bodies is a stock type The strain according to claim 1, wherein the artificial cultivation using the fungus bed comprises the following steps (A) to (D).
(A) The process of sterilizing and filling the culture vessel after sawdust and nutrients are mixed
(B) A step of culturing in a dark room under a temperature condition of 18 to 28 ° C. after inoculation with the inoculum
(C) After completion of the bacteria rotation, covering with soil and further culturing; and
(D) A step of generating fruit bodies in a bright room under a temperature condition of 12-18 ° C. which is 3 ° C. or more lower than the step (B)   The strain according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the total length to the thickness of the fungus pattern (full length / the thickness of the fungus pattern) is 1.7 to 2.0.   The strain according to claim 1, wherein the incidence of warts is 10% or less.   The strain according to claim 1, which has 2 to 10 fruiting bodies per strain.   The strain according to claim 1, which is obtained by artificial mating with Honshimeji YG6L as one parent strain and a wild strain or a known strain as the other parent strain.   The strain according to claim 1, which is Lyophyllum shimeji YMS208 strain (FERM AP-20393).   A method for producing hon-shimeji mushroom by an artificial cultivation method using a fungus bed, wherein the strain according to claim 1 is used as an inoculum. Lyophyllum shimeji YMS208 strain (FERM AP-20393) or a mutant thereof.

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