JP2006262750A - Three-dimensional hydroponics device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional hydroponics device equally raising plants and increasing productivity through making the whole cultivation device lighter, preventing damage by disease and pest, and equally supplying culture solution to storing tanks arranged in multi-stages. <P>SOLUTION: This three-dimensional hydroponics device has in a plant cultivation chamber having an air conditioning means adjusting temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, a plurality of cultivation shelves 12 each formed in multi-stages on both the right and left sides of vertically and horizontally arranged many supports, a chamber 15 formed through dividing the interval of each support 11 with partition boards 16, a cultivation bed 20 having inside a storing tank 21 for supplying culture solution, a growing panel 30 to be covered on the top of the cultivation bed in a movable manner and having a plurality of holes for projecting the roots of plants into the lower side, an illuminating lamp 40 irradiating artificial light to plants to let the plants photosynthesize, and a solution sending means 45 supplying culture solution of prescribed concentration to the storing tank of each the cultivation bed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for cultivating a large amount of plants such as leafy vegetables, herbs, and florets indoors or indoors where the environment can be controlled.

Conventionally, there are a wide variety of hydroponic cultivation techniques for growing plants indoors. Hydroponic cultivation, which is said to be a so-called vegetable factory and can harvest a large amount of plants indoors, is not affected by the weather and is pesticide-free. Since it is possible to artificially control the indoor temperature, lighting, and management of the culture solution, it is widely performed because it can be harvested more efficiently than the plants produced in outdoor cultivation.
JP-A-62-55028

When performing hydroponics indoors, in order to efficiently harvest plants, the cultivation equipment is provided with cultivation shelves in multiple stages to the full tolerance of the room, and planted on a growth mat that covers the cultivation bed attached to each cultivation shelf. Many artificial lights are attached to promote the growth of seedlings in order to irradiate the seedlings with sufficient light for photosynthesis. Further, in order to circulate the culture solution supplied to each cultivation bed efficiently to each cultivation bed, a method in which the culture solution is sequentially circulated from the uppermost cultivation shelf into the lower culture tank by the overflow method is performed.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-61190

The above-described plant cultivation apparatus has the following problems.
(1) Since the cross-sectional shape of the storage tank constituting the cultivation bed is formed in a box shape and requires a large amount of culture solution to be stored in the cultivation bed of each shelf arranged in multiple stages, each of the storage of the culture solution The total weight of the cultivation bed of the corrugation becomes very heavy. Since the cultivation equipment is often formed not only for one room in the building but also for each room on each floor of the building, if the cultivation equipment in each room is heavy, the load applied to the entire building increases, so the strength of the building Depending on the case, the number of cultivation stages may be limited. When the number of cultivation stages is limited, the production efficiency is deteriorated and mass production cannot be achieved.

(2) A plant planted on a large number of cultivation beds placed on each cultivation shelf is installed close to an illuminating lamp so that photosynthesis can be performed efficiently. Therefore, a phenomenon such as a so-called chip burn phenomenon in which the leaf of the plant is shrunk or discolored black due to radiant heat generated from the illuminating lamp, or the temperature of the culture solution stored in the cultivation bed is increased. If this chip burn phenomenon or the temperature of the culture solution increases, the growth of the plant is inhibited, and the commercial value of the plant is reduced by half.

(3) When the concentration of the culture solution stored in the cultivation bed at each stage is carried out by the flow-down method described above, the culture solution at the upper stage maintains a constant concentration, but the concentration in the culture solution as it flows down to the cultivation bed at the lower stage Nutrients are absorbed in the upper stage, the nutrients become thin, and the growth of the plant deteriorates, making it impossible to produce efficiently. In addition, since the culture solution stored in the cultivation bed is drained by the overflow method, the lower layer culture solution near the bottom of the tank is likely to stagnate due to plant roots and microorganisms growing in the tank or stagnation of garbage, Furthermore, since the storage tank is formed in a long length, the concentration of the culture solution is uneven, and the growth of the plant is varied, so that it cannot be grown uniformly.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention reduces the amount of culture solution stored in the cultivation bed to reduce the weight of the entire apparatus, and lowers the temperature in the vicinity of the cultivation bed by sucking and exhausting radiant heat emitted from the illuminating lamp. Prevents chip burn phenomenon and temperature rise of culture solution. And it makes it a subject to make it grow efficiently and can grow the plant of all the stages uniformly by making the density | concentration and flow volume of the culture solution sent to the cultivation bed arranged in multiple stages the same.

  The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention includes a plurality of support columns 11 arranged vertically and horizontally in a plant cultivation room having air conditioning means for adjusting temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration to predetermined values. A plurality of cultivation shelves 12 provided in multiple stages on both sides, a chamber 15 formed by partitioning each column positioned in the column direction with a partition plate 16, and the cultivation shelf 12, respectively, and the upper surface is open. A cultivation bed 20 having a storage tank 21 for supplying a culture solution therein, and a plurality of holes 32 for covering each plant X with the roots of the plants projecting downward, are movably covered on the upper surface of the cultivation bed 20. And a growth panel 30 having notches 31 at both ends, an illumination lamp 40 provided on the lower surface of the cultivation bed 20 for irradiating each plant X with artificial light and performing photosynthesis, and each cultivation bed 20 In the storage tank 21 Characterized by comprising a feeding means 45 for feeding a constant concentration of the culture Y, respectively. Further, the partition plate 16 of the chamber 15 is provided with an exhaust hole 17 at a position matching the irradiation space of the illumination lamp 40 provided in each cultivation shelf 12, and the radiant heat generated in the irradiation space of the illumination lamp from the exhaust hole. Is evacuated into the chamber 15 to improve the air flow on each cultivation shelf 12, thereby preventing the growth failure of the plant X and the temperature rise of the culture solution Y. Furthermore, the cultivation bed 20 is integrally formed with a connecting plate 23 having a vent hole 24 at the center of a pair of storage tanks 21 having both side surfaces formed in a tapered bowl shape, A locking projection 25 and a guide projection 26 for placing the growth panel 30 are provided on both upper ends of the storage tank 21, and a flow rate adjusting cap 55 is attached to and detached from the tip of a water supply pipe 52 provided at one end of each storage tank 21. A notch groove 63 for draining lower layer water is provided in the lower part of the water level cylinder 62 of the drain pipe 60 provided in the other end. Furthermore, the growth panel 30 is provided with a semicircular cutout 31 at the center of both ends in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of holes 32 are alternately formed on both sides, and plant seedlings are inserted in the width direction of the holes 32. The insertion groove 33 is provided, and the bottom surface is provided with a locking recess 34 and a guide recess 35 that are fitted in the locking projection 25 and the guide projection 26 of the cultivation bed 20 in the longitudinal direction. To do. The liquid feeding means 45 also feeds the culture tank 46 that stores the culture liquid Y adjusted to a predetermined culture concentration and the culture liquid Y in the culture tank 46 to the storage tank 21 of each cultivation bed 20. The liquid tank 47 includes a liquid pump 47 and a filter tank 48 that removes impurities from the culture liquid Y. The culture liquid Y in the culture tank 46 is fed to each storage tank 21 by the liquid feed pump 47, and returned from each storage tank 21. The culture medium Y is adjusted to a predetermined concentration to remove impurities in the filter tank 48 and is circulated and supplied by the liquid feed pump 47.

  Therefore, this invention makes the volume of the storage tank 21 of the cultivation bed 20 small, reduces the water storage amount of the culture solution Y, and achieves weight reduction of the whole apparatus, The radiant heat emitted from the lighting lamp 40 is made between the support | pillars. By sucking and exhausting from the exhaust hole 17 of the provided chamber 15, the radiant heat in the vicinity of the cultivation bed 20 is removed to prevent the plant X from growing and the culture solution Y from rising in temperature. In addition, the amount of inflow of the culture medium Y is adjusted by a cap 55 attached to one end of each stage of the water storage tank 21, and the storage tank is provided from a notch groove 63 provided in the upper part or the lower part of the water level cylinder 62 disposed inside the other end. The lower layer water in 21 is drained, the flow of the whole tank is made good, the nutrient of the culture solution Y is made uniform, the plant X grows uniformly, and the production efficiency is improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a partially broken three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which a chamber is provided between the struts positioned in the column direction, and FIG. 4 is a state in which radiant heat generated from the illumination lamp provided on the cultivation shelf is sucked and exhausted in the chamber. It is explanatory drawing which shows. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 10 (hereinafter referred to as the cultivation apparatus) has a plurality of columns arranged vertically and horizontally with steel frames or the like in a room having air conditioning means (not shown) for adjusting temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas, and the like to predetermined values. A plurality of cultivation beds 12 are formed on each of the left and right sides of the cultivating rack 12 and stored in the cultivation shelves to store the culture solution Y, and a plurality of plant X seedlings are attached to the upper surface of the cultivation bed. A growth panel 30 is provided, and an illuminating lamp 40 that irradiates the plant X with artificial light to perform photosynthesis is provided on the lower surface of the cultivation bed 20.

  Each support | pillar 11 which comprises the said cultivation apparatus 10 forms the chamber 15 by partitioning the space of each support | pillar and support | pillar located in the column direction by the some partition wall 16, as shown in FIG. One or a plurality of exhaust holes 17 are provided on the wall surface of each partition wall 16 at a position that coincides with the irradiation space located below the illumination lamp 40. Radiant heat generated from the illuminating lamp 40 provided on the lower surface of the cultivation shelf 12 is formed so as to be sucked and exhausted by the suction effect of the chamber 15.

  The partition wall 16 may be formed not only by partitioning with a plate material but also in a sealed shape, but also by forming a chamber by sealing the inside by stretching a vinyl sheet or the like between the columns. Further, when it is not sufficient to exhaust the radiant heat only by the suction effect by the chamber 15, as shown in FIG. 2, an exhaust blower 18 or a fan is attached to the upper end of each chamber to forcibly exhaust the radiant heat, Thereby, the indoor temperature can be adjusted to be constant in combination with known air conditioning means (not shown) for adjusting the indoor temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas concentration, and the like.

  The support | pillar 11 which comprises the said cultivation apparatus 10 is arrange | positioned vertically and horizontally according to the width | variety of a room | chamber interior, and makes the several support | pillar 11 provided in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. Has a multi-stage cultivation shelf 12 for storing the cultivation bed 20. As long as the indoor height is allowed, the cultivation shelf 12 can be attached in multiple stages to the vicinity of the ceiling, and preferably formed in a height of 8 to 10 stages, and the interval between the adjacent support columns 11 is, for example, It is installed every 2m to 2.5m and forms a space that can be used as a passage for inspection and repair. The length of each column 11 in the column direction is preferably about 15 m, but depending on the size of the room, the length can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the planting density. The long cultivation bed 20 is attached to the upper surface of each cultivation shelf 12, and the illuminating lamp 40 is attached to the lower surface so that the height can be adjusted in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the cultivation bed 20 integrally connects a pair of storage tanks 21 formed of a synthetic resin material in a long bowl shape with a connecting plate 23, and a plurality of vent holes 24 at the center of the connecting plate. The leg portions 27 are integrally formed below the respective storage tanks 21. The vent hole 24 is not limited to a circular shape but may be an elongated rectangular shape, but a circular vent hole is preferable in terms of strength.

  The storage tank 21 has an upper surface opened and both sides are formed in a tapered shape, and the volume accommodated therein is smaller than that of a conventional cross-section box-type storage tank. It is. By reducing the storage volume of the culture solution in each storage tank 21, the weight of the entire cultivation apparatus can be reduced, so that the burden on the entire building can be reduced and the amount of the culture solution to be circulated can be reduced. is there.

  In the upper part of the cultivation bed 20, rail-like locking projections 25 are provided on both side ends of the connecting plate 23 provided in the center so that the growth panel 30 can be moved in the horizontal direction. A guide protrusion 26 is provided on the upper surface of the guide protrusion 26, and the upper surfaces of the locking protrusion 25 and the guide protrusion 26 are substantially the same plane. Therefore, the growth panel 30 covered on the upper surface of the cultivation bed 20 has a structure that cannot move except in the guide direction of the locking projection 25 and the guide convex portion 26.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, the growth panel 30 is formed in a flat plate shape using a foamable synthetic resin material, and is provided with a semicircular cutout 31 at the center of both ends. Furthermore, holes 32 for holding seedlings are provided alternately on the left and right sides of the growth panel 30, and insertion grooves 33 cut in the width direction are formed in the holes 32. A locking recess 34 and a guide recess 35 that match the locking protrusion 25 and the guide protrusion 26 provided on the cultivation bed 20 are provided in the direction.

  The growth recess 30 and the guide recess 35 of the growth panel 30 are covered with the engagement protrusion 25 and the guide protrusion 26 of the cultivation bed 20 to cover the growth panel 30 positioned at one end of the cultivation bed 20. Since each cultivation bed 30 can be moved smoothly by being guided by the locking projections 25 and the guide projections 26 when being fed in the end direction in order, the operator does not move and moves the new growth panel 30 in the same place. Workability is improved because it can be placed on the cultivation bed and sent out.

  The semicircular cutout portions 31 provided at both ends of the growth panel form an exhaust hole 31a having a substantially circular shape by contacting the adjacent growth panels with each other, and radiant heat accumulated on the lower surface of the growth panel 40 is generated. Can be discharged. This notch 31 has a function of making it easy to insert a hand when removing the growth panel 30 at one end of the cultivation bed 20 and is convenient. In this case, between the connection plate 23 of the cultivation bed and the growth panel 30, as shown in the drawing, a space is provided in which the hand enters without being in close contact.

  The growth panel 30 is formed, for example, to have a length of about 60 cm and a width of about 30 cm, and is alternately provided with a distance between each hole (preferably 20 cm), so that each seedling is irradiated with sufficient light. In addition to improving air circulation, it is possible to prevent the leaves and roots that have grown with the growth of the plant from interfering with each other to inhibit growth.

  In FIG. 4, 40 is a pair of illuminating lamps attached to the lower surface of the cultivation shelf 12, and each illuminating lamp 40 is arranged in parallel with the storage tank 21 provided in the cultivation bed 20, and is provided in the growth panel 30. It is located above 32 and is attached in the longitudinal direction. In order to prevent the generation of heat, the illuminating lamp 40 uses a fluorescent lamp or a light emitting diode (LED) instead of a normal incandescent lamp and exhausts radiant heat to prevent generation of heat as much as possible. It prevents the chip burn phenomenon that is one of the growth obstacles. In this case, it is preferable that the LED is configured to be replaceable to facilitate maintenance management, and that the fluorescent lamp is configured to facilitate attachment / detachment and replacement of the fixture to facilitate maintenance management.

  The light of the illuminating lamp 40 can be irradiated not only directly from above but also multiple diffusely reflected through the reflector 41 attached around the illuminating lamp 40, so that the entire plant can be irradiated with light. Plants can be grown by sufficiently promoting photosynthesis even with fluorescent lamps with illuminance. Further, the reflector 41 is not necessarily required depending on the type of the illuminating lamp, and may be configured to directly illuminate the plant. Furthermore, it is also possible to effectively use the irradiation amount by providing a reflection function on the upper surface of the growth panel 30 so that the light from the illuminating lamp is reflected from the lower side of the plant. Thereby, light can be irradiated also to the back side of a leaf.

  The mounting position of the illuminating lamp 40 is set at a distance (preferably 1 to 10 cm) at which the light from the illuminating lamp is sufficiently irradiated to the plant to efficiently perform photosynthesis, but is mounted on one end of the cultivation bed 20. Since the growth panel 30 is a small seedling in which about 3 to 4 seedlings are grown, the illumination lamp 40 is too far from the seedling at a normal position and cannot sufficiently irradiate light. Therefore, the attachment position of the illuminating lamp 40 attached to one end side of the cultivation bed 20 where the young seedling is located is lowered, and it is made close to the growth panel 30 and sufficiently irradiated with light so that it can grow. In this case, since the plant just before harvesting grows abruptly, the mounting position of the harvesting side illumination lamp 40 is raised. Thus, the illuminating lamp 40 is attached to the lower surface of the cultivation bed 20 so as to be movable up and down within a certain range so that the shining distance can be adjusted according to the degree of growth of the plant.

  45 is a liquid feeding means for circulating the culture solution to the cultivation bed 20 placed on each cultivation shelf 12 of the cultivation apparatus 10, and a culture tank for storing the culture solution Y adjusted to a constant culture concentration as shown in FIG. 46, a liquid feed pump 47 for feeding the culture medium Y in the culture tank 46 to the storage tank 21 of each cultivation bed 20, and a filter tank 48 for removing impurities contained in the culture liquid Y. is there. Furthermore, you may provide the pre filter tank 48a in the near side of the culture tank 46 as needed.

  Circulation of the culture medium Y is performed via a water supply pipe 49 to a water supply pipe 52 connected to one end of the storage tank 21 of each cultivation bed 20 by a liquid supply pump 47 via a filter tank 48 and the culture liquid Y in the culture tank 46. The culture solution Y fed from the respective storage tanks 21 via the drain tube 60 and the reflux pipe 50 is returned to the culture tank 46 after removing impurities in the prefilter tank 48a. However, the prefilter tank 48a is not necessarily required. The culture medium returned to the culture tank 46 is measured for its concentration with an EC sensor, adjusted for its concentration with a pH sensor, and then sent again with a liquid feed pump 47 to be circulated. Since the culture medium Y having a constant concentration can be supplied to 20 at the same amount, all plants can be grown uniformly without uneven growth of the plants.

  52 is a water supply pipe attached to one end of the long storage tank 21 provided in each cultivation bed 20 or attached separately. As shown in FIG. 7, the liquid feed is supplied to the connecting portion 53 provided outside the storage tank 21. A water supply pipe 49 of the means 45 is connected, and a cap 55 having an inlet 57 for adjusting the flow rate of the culture solution is detachably attached to the water supply pipe 52 provided inside the storage tank 21, that is, the tip of the inner cylinder 54. It is.

  In this case, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, when the inlet 57 is provided at the center of the cap 55, the culture solution is stored in the reservoir when the supply amount of the culture solution becomes large and the water pressure becomes strong. There is a high risk of jumping out of 21.

  FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the cap. An inflow port 57a is formed not on the center portion of the cap 55 but on the peripheral surface portion of the cap attached to the tip of the water supply pipe 52, and the inflow port 57a is in a downward position. It is provided to do. When the inlet 57a is provided in the peripheral surface portion of the cap, the cap 55 can be screwed onto the tip of the water supply pipe 52, that is, the tip of the inner cylinder 54, if the hole opening position is adjusted. It is. In this case, the tightening position of the cap 55 is slightly shifted so that the position of the inflow port 57a is not exactly right below, but stops a little before, or it does not cause any trouble even if it is stuck too far. Furthermore, the cap 55 may be attached to the tip of the inner cylinder 54 and fixed with a bolt (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 9, the cap 55 is provided with an inflow port 57 for adjusting the inflow amount of the culture solution in the central portion of the lid portion 56, but may be provided on the peripheral surface portion of the cap as shown in FIG. . That is, the culture liquid Y is fed into the storage tank 21 of each cultivation bed 20 placed in multiple stages by the liquid feeding pump 47 of the liquid feeding means 45, but the inner diameter of each water supply pipe 52 attached to the cultivation bed 20. Are the same, the flow rate of the culture solution supplied into the storage tank 21 of the cultivation bed 20 placed in multiple stages has a difference in height between the uppermost stage and the lowermost stage. If the apertures 57 and 57a are the same, the flow rate is different between the upper and lower stages.

  If the flow rate of the culture solution Y fed into each storage tank 21 provided in multiple stages is different, the growth rate of the plant X growing on the cultivation bed is different, and uniform growth and harvesting cannot be achieved. Therefore, the diameters of the inlets 57 and 57a of the cap 55 that covers the inner cylinder 54 of the lower storage tank 21 are made small, and the diameters of the inlets 57 and 57a of the cap 55 that cover the inner cylinder 54 of the storage tank 21 positioned at the upper stage are made smaller. The amount of inflow flowing into each storage tank 21 can be easily adjusted by increasing it. In this manner, the supply amount of the culture solution can be adjusted to be the same by the cap 55 having different diameters of the inflow port 52.

  When adjusting the flow rate of each storage tank 21 in the same stage located in the horizontal direction, as in the past, adjusting the flow rate by attaching a flow control valve increases the complexity of the device and increases the cost. It is difficult to allow a flow rate of culture medium to flow. However, in the present invention, the flow rate can be easily equalized only by detachably attaching the cap 55 having the inlets 57 and 57a having the diameters corresponding to the height of the storage tank 21 provided in multiple stages.

  60 is a drain pipe attached to the inner bottom surface of the other end of each storage tank 21 of the cultivation bed 20, as shown in FIGS. 7, 11, and 12, to the connecting portion 61 located outside the storage tank 21. One end of a reflux pipe 50 to be refluxed is connected to the culture tank 46 of the liquid means 45, and a water level cylinder 62 that also serves to adjust the water level of the culture solution Y is attached to the inside of the storage tank 21 as a single body or separately. A notch groove 63 is provided in the horizontal direction in the lower part of the tube.

  The culture solution Y circulating in each storage tank 21 is difficult to flow because the cultivation bed 20 is long and positioned in the horizontal direction, and a large number of plant roots grow in each storage tank. Since the culture medium Y overflows and drains from the upper end of the water level cylinder 62, the culture medium Y in the storage tank 21 is easy to flow in the upper culture liquid and stagnate in the lower culture liquid. Organic matter residues and microorganisms are likely to propagate in the culture solution stagnated in the lower layer in the storage tank 21, and the culture solution with reduced nutrients tends to remain. Therefore, the growth of the plant is likely to be inhibited, for example, the plant X becomes sick or causes variations in growth. Therefore, a notch groove 63 is provided in the horizontal direction at the lower part of the water level cylinder 62 so that the culture solution stagnated in the lower layer in the storage tank 21 can be discharged from the notch groove.

  When the culture medium Y stagnated in the lower layer of the storage tank 21 starts to flow from the notch groove 63, both sides of each storage tank 21 are tapered, so that the flow of the lower layer flow is better than the upper layer flow, and is accumulated in the lower layer. In addition, the culture solution containing organic residue and microorganisms can be drained efficiently. Therefore, the fresh culture solution Y can be circulated constantly in the storage tank 21 to promote the growth of the plants planted on the growth panel 30 and grow uniformly, and plants having a certain quality are regularly added. Can be harvested.

  The plant X cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 10 is mainly leafy vegetables, herbs, and florets. Here, lettuce, sanchu, mizuna, spring chrysanthemum, leaf onion etc. as leafy vegetables, mint, basil, sage, thyme etc. as herbs, spray giku, carnation etc. as flower buds, but not limited to these Absent.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the embodiment according to the present invention will be described. The cultivation device 10 is arranged vertically or horizontally inside or indoors for plant cultivation having air conditioning means for adjusting temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide gas, and the like to predetermined values. A cultivation bed having a plurality of stages of cultivation shelves 12 on the support 11, an illumination lamp 40 that promotes photosynthesis of the plant X on the cultivation shelf 12, and a storage tank 21 that stores a culture solution Y that supplies nutrients to the plants. 20, a plurality of growth panels 30 each having a plant X seedling attached thereto are placed on the upper surface of each cultivation bed, and the culture solution Y is supplied to each storage tank 21 by the liquid feeding means 45.

  When plant cultivation is performed, a locking recess 34 and a guide recess 35 provided on the lower surface of the growth panel 30 to which small seedlings having about 4 to 4 true leaves of the plant are attached are provided on the upper surface of the cultivation bed 20. By slidably fitting the raised projections 25 and the guide projections 26, the growth panel 30 that moves on the cultivation bed 20 provided in a long length moves smoothly without being detached from the cultivation bed 20. be able to.

  Next, the growth panel 30 in which the next new seedling is planted is placed at one end of the cultivation bed 20 at regular intervals during which the seedling grows. At this time, the growth panel 30 already positioned at one end of the cultivation bed 20 is pushed forward and moved in the longitudinal direction.

  Thus, by sending out the growth panel 30 in which new seedlings are planted one after another in a certain period to the other end of the cultivation bed 20, there is a growth panel on which the plant grown to be harvestable is attached on the opposite side of the cultivation bed 20. Move and remove the growth panel from the cultivation bed to harvest the plant. In the case of leafy vegetables, the growing panel 30 can be placed on one end of the cultivation bed 20 and moved to the other end, and the harvested plants can be harvested one after another in a cycle of about 12 days. During the time it takes to get on the cultivation bed, breeding seedlings, etc. are done in other places. This vegetable harvest cycle naturally varies from vegetable to vegetable.

  The illuminating lamp 40 is attached close to the plant in order to promote photosynthesis of the plant. The cultivation shelf 12 has a narrow vertical width, and light irradiates a narrow irradiation space closed by the cultivation bed 20 on the lower side and the reflection plate 41 on the upper side. For this reason, the air flow in the narrow space on the cultivation shelf 12 is poor, and the chip burn phenomenon, which is the growth obstacle of the plant X, easily occurs due to the radiant heat generated by the irradiation from the light of the illumination lamp.

 Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the ventilation holes 24 provided in the connection plates 23 of the plurality of cultivation beds 20 stored in the cultivation shelves 12 and the notches 31 provided in the center of both ends of the growth panel 30 are brought into contact with each other. The plurality of exhaust holes 31a formed and the plurality of exhaust holes 17 provided in the partition wall 16 near the illuminating lamp 40 into the chamber 15 due to radiant heat stagnation in the narrow irradiation space on each cultivation shelf 12. The air is sucked and discharged to improve the flow and prevent the temperature from rising.

  The radiant heat accumulated in the irradiation space on each cultivation shelf 12 is sucked and exhausted from the exhaust hole 17 into the chamber 15 to lower the radiant heat, and provided in the vent hole 24 provided in the connecting plate 23 and the center of both ends of the growth panel 30. The exhaust hole 31a having a substantially circular shape with the cutout portions 31 in contact with each other improves the flow of air in a narrow space near the cultivation bed 20 and prevents the temperature of the culture medium Y in the storage tank 21 from rising. In addition, the yield can be improved by preventing the chip burn phenomenon, which is a plant growth disorder.

  If the radiant heat that accumulates in the vicinity of the illumination lamp 40 of each cultivation shelf 12 cannot be discharged by simply suctioning and discharging using the chamber 15, as shown in FIG. An exhaust blower 18 or the like may be attached to the installed room to forcibly exhaust the air.

  Furthermore, since the culture solution Y supplied for uniformly growing the plant X attached to each cultivation bed 20 has a height difference between the uppermost stage and the lowermost stage, the amount of the culture liquid Y flowing into each storage tank 21. Is different. Therefore, the cap 55 having the inlets 57 and 57a having different diameters at each stage or every two to three stages is detachably attached to the inner cylinder 54 positioned at the tip of the water supply pipe 52. The inflow amount of the culture solution Y can be made uniform. The cap is not only sealed to the inner cylinder 54 via the seal packing 58, but the cap and the inner cylinder 54 may be screwed by being provided with screws, respectively, and fixed with bolts (not shown). May be.

  In particular, the adjustment of the inflow amount of the culture solution into a large number of storage tanks positioned in the horizontal direction can be easily adjusted to the same flow rate by simply attaching the cap 55 having the inlets 57 and 57a having the same diameter. As a result, work efficiency can be improved. In this case, the diameters of the inflow ports 57 and 57a provided in the cap are different depending on the height at which the cultivation bed is located because of the water pressure.

  Moreover, in order to prevent the inflow of the culture solution into the storage tank of the unused cultivation bed, it is possible to simply stop the inflow of the culture solution simply by attaching the cap without the inlets 57 and 57a to the inner cylinder 54. The flow rate can be easily adjusted without attaching an expensive flow rate control valve for each cultivation bed, so that there is an advantage that it is inexpensive and economical. Further, by making the inflow amount of the culture solution Y supplied to the storage tank 21 at each stage uniform, it is possible to prevent the plant X from growing unevenly and to perform uniform plant growth. Harvest can be expected.

  The culture solution Y in the storage tank 21 not only overflows and discharges from the upper end of the water level cylinder 62 but also stagnates in the lower layer portion in the storage tank 21 from the notch groove 63 provided below the water level cylinder 62. By draining, the culture solution containing organic matter residues and microorganisms accumulated in the lower layer can be drained efficiently. In addition, by circulating the culture solution Y having a constant concentration in the storage tank 21, it is possible to prevent diseases and pests of plants planted on the growth panel 30, to grow healthy plants uniformly, and to maintain a constant level. Plants with quality can be harvested regularly.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the culture solution Y circulating in each storage tank 21 is supplied to the water supply pipe 52 attached to the storage tank 21 of each cultivation bed 20 by the water supply pump 47. The culture fluid fed through each reservoir and refluxed from each storage tank is freed of impurities by the prefilter 48a, returned again into the culture tank 46, and the concentration of the culture fluid is measured with an EC sensor. After adjusting the culture concentration to a constant by measuring with the above, the liquid feeding pump 52 is supplied, impurities are removed by the filter tank 48 provided in front of the liquid feeding pump, and the inlet provided in each cap 55 is not blocked. It seems to be. Since a constant concentration of the culture solution Y can be supplied to the cultivation beds 20 of all the cultivation shelves 12 by circulating with the solution delivery pump 52, there is no uneven growth of the plants and all the cultures combined with the photosynthesis by the light of the illuminating lamp 40. The plant of the bed 20 can be grown uniformly.

It is the whole block diagram of the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus concerning the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the column direction of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which provided the chamber between the support | pillar located in the column direction. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which sucks and exhausts the radiant heat which generate | occur | produces from the illumination lamp provided in the cultivation shelf in the chamber. It is the perspective view which fractured | ruptured the cultivation bed partially. It is the perspective view which a partially broken growth panel. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the culture solution in a storage tank. It is explanatory drawing which shows the liquid feeding means of the culture solution supplied to the storage tank of each cultivation bed. It is a front view of a cap. It is sectional drawing which showed the other Example of the cap. It is a front view of a water level cylinder. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which drains a culture solution from the notch groove provided in the lower part of the water level cylinder attached to the storage tank.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Support | pillar 12 Cultivation shelf 15 Chamber 16 Partition plate 17 Exhaust hole 20 Cultivation bed 21 Reservoir 23 Connection plate 24 Vent hole 25 Locking protrusion 26 Guide convex part 30 Growth panel 31 Exhaust hole 32 Hole 33 Insertion groove 34 Locking recessed part 35 Guide Recess 40 Illumination lamp 45 Liquid feeding means 46 Culture tank 47 Liquid feed pump 48 Filter tank 52 Water supply pipe 55 Cap 60 Drain pipe 62 Water level pipe 63 Notch groove X Plant Y Culture liquid

Claims (5)

In a plant cultivation room having air conditioning means for adjusting temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration to predetermined values,
A plurality of cultivation shelves (12) provided in multiple stages on each of the left and right sides of a number of columns (11) arranged vertically and horizontally according to the size of the room;
A chamber (15) formed by partitioning the columns (11) positioned in the column direction with a partition plate (16);
A cultivation bed (20) having a storage tank (21) which is stored in the cultivation shelf (12) and has an upper surface opened to supply a culture solution (Y) therein, and
The upper surface of the cultivation bed (20) is movably covered, and has a plurality of holes (32) for supporting each plant (X) in which the roots of the plants protrude downward, and notches (31) at both ends. A growth panel (30) having
An illuminating lamp (40) provided on the lower surface of the cultivation bed (20) to irradiate each plant (X) with artificial light for photosynthesis;
A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus comprising liquid feeding means (45) for supplying a culture solution (Y) having a predetermined concentration to a storage tank (21) of each cultivation bed (20).   The partition wall (16) of the chamber (15) is provided with an exhaust hole (17) at a position that matches the irradiation space of the illuminating lamp (40) provided on each cultivation shelf (12). Radiant heat generated in the irradiation space of the lamp is exhausted into the chamber (15) to improve the flow of air on each cultivation shelf (12), and the growth disorder of the plant (X) and the temperature of the culture solution (Y) The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein rising is prevented.   The cultivation bed (20) is integrally formed with a connecting plate (23) having a vent hole (24) at the center of a pair of storage tanks (21) having both sides formed into a tapered bowl shape, A locking projection (25) and a guide projection (26) for movably mounting the growth panel (30) are provided on both side ends of the connecting plate and both side upper ends of the storage tank, and each storage tank (21). A cap (55) for adjusting the flow rate is detachably attached to the tip of the water supply pipe (52) provided at one end of the water pipe, and the lower layer water drainage is provided at the lower part of the water level pipe (62) of the drain pipe (60) provided inside the other end. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a notch groove (63) is provided.   The growth panel (30) is provided with a semicircular cutout (31) at the center of both ends in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of holes (32) are alternately formed on both sides, and a plant is formed in the width direction of the holes. An engaging recess (34) having an insertion groove (33) for inserting a seedling and fitted on the bottom surface with the engaging protrusion (25) and the guide protrusion (26) of the cultivation bed (20) in the longitudinal direction. The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a guide recess (35) is provided. The liquid feeding means (45) stores a culture tank (46) storing a culture liquid (Y) adjusted to a predetermined culture concentration, and stores the culture liquid (Y) in the culture tank in each culture bed (20). It consists of a liquid feed pump (47) that feeds the tank (21) and a filter tank (48) that removes impurities in the culture liquid (Y), and feeds the culture liquid (Y) in the culture tank (46). The pump (47) is sent to each storage tank (21), and the culture solution (Y) refluxed from each storage tank (21) is adjusted to a predetermined concentration to remove impurities in the filter tank (48). The three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid feeding pump (47) is used for circulation supply.

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