JP2006246702A - Method for artificial pollination, method for purifying pollen therefor, method for storing pollen and pollen-containing material - Google Patents

Method for artificial pollination, method for purifying pollen therefor, method for storing pollen and pollen-containing material Download PDF

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JP2006246702A
JP2006246702A JP2005063211A JP2005063211A JP2006246702A JP 2006246702 A JP2006246702 A JP 2006246702A JP 2005063211 A JP2005063211 A JP 2005063211A JP 2005063211 A JP2005063211 A JP 2005063211A JP 2006246702 A JP2006246702 A JP 2006246702A
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pollen
oil
artificial pollination
pollens
aqueous solution
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Keiji Masuda
圭司 増田
Masaru Kanbe
賢 神戸
Morihisa Okada
守央 岡田
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Shiraishi Calcium Kaisha Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for artificial pollination by which labor of operation required for the artificial pollination and preparation therefor can be saved while maintaining the germination ratio of pollens at a high level, to provide a method for purifying the pollens for the artificial pollination, to provide a method for storing the pollens and to provide a pollen-containing material. <P>SOLUTION: The method for the artificial pollination comprises a step of immersing the pollens in an oil, a step of dispersing the pollens immersed in the oil in an aqueous solution to which a thickener is added and a step of spraying the aqueous solution including the pollens dispersed therein. The method for purifying the pollens for the artificial pollination comprises a step of introducing the crude pollens into the oil and a step of filtering the oil and separating the pollens from anthers. The method for storing the pollens for the artificial pollination comprises a step of dipping the pollens in the oil. The pollen-containing material includes the pollens and the oil in which the pollens are immersed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、人工受粉方法並びに人工受粉用の花粉精製方法、花粉貯蔵方法及び花粉含有物に関する。   The present invention relates to an artificial pollination method, a pollen purification method for artificial pollination, a pollen storage method, and a pollen-containing material.

果樹の受粉は、多くの場合、ミツバチ等の訪花昆虫によってなされる。受粉効率を上げるために、活動半径が狭く飼育が容易なマメコバチを飼育して利用することもある。しかし、訪花活動中は農薬の使用が制限される上、鳥害や気侯的要因により訪花活動が阻害されて充分な結実を得られない可能性がある。   Fruit tree pollination is often done by visiting insects such as bees. In order to increase pollination efficiency, bees that have a small activity radius and are easy to breed may be raised and used. However, the use of pesticides is restricted during flower-visiting activities, and the flower-visiting activities may be hindered due to bird damage and jealous factors, and it may not be possible to obtain sufficient fruit.

そこで、リンゴ、梨、桃、キウイフルーツなどの果樹は、人工受粉によって結実量を確保している。人工受粉には、あらかじめ採取した花粉に粉末の花粉増量剤を添加して、花粉を希釈、増量した混合粉末が用いられる。また、人工受粉の作業では、竹棒の先に羽毛を付けた梵天といわれる棒が使われており、この羽毛に混合粉末を付け、花一つ一つに人が手で羽毛棒を優しく叩くようにして人工受粉が行われる。   Therefore, fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, kiwifruits, etc. have secured fruiting amount by artificial pollination. For artificial pollination, a mixed powder obtained by diluting and increasing the amount of pollen by adding a powder pollen extender to pollen collected in advance is used. In addition, in the work of artificial pollination, a stick called 梵天 with feathers attached to the tip of a bamboo stick is used, and mixed powder is attached to this feather, and a person gently taps the feather stick by hand with each flower. In this way, artificial pollination is performed.

しかし、人工受粉は果樹の開花時期に行わなければならないため、花粉を採取してこれを人工受粉するという作業を短い期間に完了させる必要がある。そのため、多数の労働力を必要とする上、雨や強風のような荒天の場合は、その作業効率が著しく低下するという問題がある。   However, since artificial pollination must be performed at the time of fruit tree flowering, it is necessary to complete the work of collecting pollen and artificially pollinating it in a short period of time. Therefore, in addition to requiring a large number of labors, there is a problem that work efficiency is significantly reduced in the case of stormy weather such as rain and strong winds.

花粉の採取は、一般に、先ず開花直前の蕾を摘み、この蕾を葯採取器などにかけて花びら等を除去して葯のみを取り出す。次に、この葯を開葯器に入れて葯を開き、中から花粉を取り出す。そして、花粉精製器などで葯を除去して花粉のみを得る。なお、作業を省力化するために、開葯後、葯と分離前の粗花粉をアセトンやキシレン等の有機溶剤に入れた後、この有機溶剤を濾して葯を除去し、さらに有機溶剤を揮発させて花粉を精製する方法もある。しかし、この方法は有機溶剤の取扱いが容易でない上、人体への影響も懸念される。   In general, pollen is collected by first picking a cocoon just before flowering, and using this cocoon to remove the petals from the cocoon collector and taking out only the cocoon. Next, this cocoon is put into an opener, the cocoon is opened, and pollen is taken out from the inside. Then, the wrinkles are removed with a pollen purifier or the like to obtain only pollen. In order to save labor, after opening, the straw and coarse pollen before separation are put into an organic solvent such as acetone or xylene, and then the organic solvent is filtered to remove the straw and further the organic solvent is volatilized. There is also a method of purifying pollen. However, this method is not easy to handle the organic solvent, and there is a concern about the influence on the human body.

また、ほとんどの果樹花粉は温度や湿度の変化に弱いので、採取した花粉を常温や直射日光に長時間晒すと、発芽率が低下して結実不良につながる。そのため、作業時以外は、乾燥状態で冷凍貯蔵しなければならず、採取した花粉の取扱いには細心の注意を要するという問題がある。   In addition, most fruit pollen is susceptible to changes in temperature and humidity, so exposing the collected pollen to room temperature or direct sunlight for a long time will reduce the germination rate and lead to poor fruiting. Therefore, it must be stored frozen in a dry state except at the time of work, and there is a problem that careful handling is required for handling the collected pollen.

人工受粉の作業を省力化するために、電動式の花粉交配機(特許文献1)も利用されている。これにより、作業時間は上述した手作業の1/2から1/3程度に短縮されるものの、花粉消費量が5〜18倍に増加することや、器材の購入費などのコスト面の問題がある。   In order to save labor for artificial pollination, an electric pollen mating machine (Patent Document 1) is also used. As a result, although the work time is reduced from about 1/2 to about 1/3 of the above-described manual work, the pollen consumption increases 5 to 18 times, and there are cost problems such as equipment purchase costs. is there.

また、キウイフルーツの花粉を、寒天により粘度をもたせた水溶液に分散させて、これをスプレー散布して人工受粉を行う溶液受粉技術が開発されている(非特許文献1を参照)。本技術は、樹体や人体に与える影響はほとんどなく、取扱いは簡便且つ安全である。しかし、キウイフルーツでは既に実用化されているものの、それ以外の果樹花粉では、浸透圧の影響などによって水溶液中で花粉の発芽率が低下してしまい、これまで成功例は報告されていない。
実開平7−44613号公報 矢野隆,「液体増量剤を用いたキウイフルーツの人工受粉」,果試ニュース,愛媛県立果樹試験場,平成15年3月,第18号
Moreover, the solution pollination technique which disperses the pollen of kiwifruit in the aqueous solution which gave the viscosity with agar, sprays this, and performs artificial pollination is developed (refer nonpatent literature 1). This technique has little effect on the tree or human body, and is easy and safe to handle. However, although it has already been put to practical use in kiwifruit, the germination rate of pollen in other aqueous fruit pollen is reduced in an aqueous solution due to the influence of osmotic pressure, and so far no successful examples have been reported.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-44613 Takashi Yano, “Artificial pollination of kiwifruit using liquid extender”, Fruit News, Ehime Prefectural Fruit Tree Experiment Station, March 2003, No. 18

そこで本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑み、花粉の発芽率を高く維持したまま、人工受粉及びその準備に要する作業を省力化することができる人工受粉方法並びに人工受粉用の花粉精製方法、花粉貯蔵方法、及び花粉含有物を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides an artificial pollination method, a pollen purification method for artificial pollination, and a pollen which can save labor for artificial pollination and preparation while maintaining a high germination rate of pollen. The object is to provide a storage method and pollen-containing material.

上記の目的を達成するために、本発明に係る人工受粉用の花粉貯蔵方法は、油に花粉を浸漬する工程を含んでなることを特徴とする。このように、油で花粉を浸漬しても、花粉管の伸長に何ら悪影響を与えないので、人工受粉に供することができる。それどころか、花粉を油に浸漬することで、花粉は外気中の水分から保護され、外気に対して不活性となる。したがって、室温でも高い発芽率を維持したまま花粉を長期貯蔵することができる。   In order to achieve the above object, the pollen storage method for artificial pollination according to the present invention includes a step of immersing pollen in oil. Thus, even if the pollen is immersed in oil, it does not have any adverse effect on the elongation of the pollen tube, so that it can be used for artificial pollination. On the contrary, by immersing the pollen in the oil, the pollen is protected from moisture in the outside air and becomes inactive against the outside air. Therefore, pollen can be stored for a long time while maintaining a high germination rate even at room temperature.

本発明は、別の態様として、人工受粉用の花粉精製方法であって、粗花粉を油に入れる工程と、この油を濾して花粉と葯とを分離する工程とを含んでなることを特徴とする。このように、粗花粉を油に入れた後、この油を、花粉は通過するが葯は通過しないガーゼ等の濾し器で濾すことで、人工受粉に必要な花粉を葯から容易に分離して精製することができる。また、濾した後の油の中に花粉が含まれていることから、このまま花粉を貯蔵することができる。したがって、作業が大幅に省力化される。さらに、有機溶剤を使用しないので安全性が高く、かつ有機溶剤と同等の回収率で花粉を精製することができる。   Another aspect of the present invention is a method for purifying pollen for artificial pollination, which comprises a step of putting coarse pollen into oil and a step of filtering this oil to separate pollen and straw. And In this way, after putting coarse pollen into oil, the oil is easily separated from the pollen necessary for artificial pollination by filtering the oil with a strainer such as gauze through which the pollen passes but not the persimmon. Can be purified. Moreover, since pollen is contained in the oil after filtering, pollen can be stored as it is. Therefore, work is greatly saved. Furthermore, since no organic solvent is used, pollen can be purified with high safety and a recovery rate equivalent to that of the organic solvent.

本発明は、また別の態様として、人工受粉方法であって、油に花粉を浸漬する工程と、この油に浸漬された花粉を、増粘剤が添加された水溶液中に分散させる工程と、この花粉が分散した水溶液を散布する工程とを含んでなることを特徴とする。前記水溶液にはさらに界面活性剤が添加されていることが好ましい。このように、油に花粉を浸漬した後、この油に浸漬された花粉を水溶液中に分散させることで、水溶液中で花粉は油に被膜された状態となるので、花粉の発芽率低下を防止することができる。また、水溶液に増粘剤を添加することで、水溶液の粘度を高くし、花粉を水溶液に分散することができる。したがって、スプレー器材による花粉の散布が可能となり、作業の省力化及び作業時間の短縮化を図ることができる。   Another aspect of the present invention is an artificial pollination method in which pollen is immersed in oil, and pollen immersed in the oil is dispersed in an aqueous solution to which a thickener is added; And a step of spraying an aqueous solution in which the pollen is dispersed. It is preferable that a surfactant is further added to the aqueous solution. In this way, after the pollen is immersed in the oil, the pollen immersed in the oil is dispersed in the aqueous solution, so that the pollen is coated with the oil in the aqueous solution, thus preventing a decrease in the germination rate of the pollen. can do. Moreover, the viscosity of aqueous solution can be made high and the pollen can be disperse | distributed to aqueous solution by adding a thickener to aqueous solution. Therefore, pollen can be sprayed by the spray equipment, so that labor saving and work time can be shortened.

本発明は、さらに別の態様として、人工受粉用の花粉含有物であって、油と、この油に浸漬されている花粉とを含んでなることを特徴とする。このように、花粉を油の中に浸漬した状態にすることで、上述したように、常温でも高い発芽率を維持したまま貯蔵できるとともに、水溶液に分散しても発芽率が低下することがないので、スプレー散布による人工受粉に用いることができる。また、この花粉含有物は、粗花粉を油に入れて濾すだけであるので、安価で容易に製造することができる。   As another aspect, the present invention is a pollen-containing material for artificial pollination, characterized by comprising oil and pollen immersed in the oil. As described above, the pollen is immersed in oil so that it can be stored while maintaining a high germination rate even at room temperature, and the germination rate does not decrease even when dispersed in an aqueous solution. Therefore, it can be used for artificial pollination by spraying. In addition, this pollen-containing material can be easily produced at low cost because only coarse pollen is filtered in oil.

本発明で使用する前記油は、常温で液体であることが好ましい。また、前記油は、植物由来であることが好ましい。さらに、前記油は、炭素数12〜18の直鎖不飽和脂肪酸のグリセリドを主成分とすることが好ましい。さらにまた、前記油には、抗酸化剤が添加されていることが好ましい。   The oil used in the present invention is preferably liquid at normal temperature. The oil is preferably derived from a plant. Further, the oil is preferably composed mainly of glycerides of linear unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Furthermore, it is preferable that an antioxidant is added to the oil.

このように、本発明によれば、花粉の発芽率を高く維持したまま、人工受粉及びその準備に要する作業が省力化された人工受粉方法並びに人工受粉用の花粉精製方法、花粉貯蔵方法、及び花粉含有物を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, artificial pollination and the pollination purification method for artificial pollination, the pollen storage method, in which artificial pollination and the work required for preparation thereof are saved while maintaining the pollen germination rate high, and Pollen-containing materials can be provided.

以下、本発明に係る人工受粉方法の一実施の形態について説明する。人工受粉に用いる花粉を精製するために、本発明では、先ず、粗花粉を油に入れる。この際、粗花粉1gに対して油20〜100mlを用いることが好ましい。20ml以上であれば充分な回収率で花粉を精製することができる。また、100ml以下であれば受粉作業時に油を切る際のロスを抑えることができる。なお、本発明の人工受粉は、リンゴ、梨、桃、キウイフルーツなどの果樹に対して行うのが好ましいが、その他、蔬菜や花卉に対しても行うことができる。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of an artificial pollination method according to the present invention will be described. In order to purify pollen used for artificial pollination, in the present invention, coarse pollen is first put into oil. At this time, it is preferable to use 20 to 100 ml of oil with respect to 1 g of coarse pollen. If it is 20 ml or more, pollen can be purified with a sufficient recovery rate. Moreover, if it is 100 ml or less, the loss at the time of draining oil at the time of pollination work can be suppressed. The artificial pollination of the present invention is preferably carried out on fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches and kiwifruits, but can also be carried out on sugar beet and florets.

本発明で用いる油は、花粉を外気中の水分から保護して、花粉を外気に対して不活性にするものであれば特に限定されないが、取り扱いが容易であるという観点から、常温で液体のものが好ましい。また、植物由来の植物油や、動物由来の動物油、鉱物由来の鉱物油、化学合成により得られる合成油のいずれの油も使用することができるが、入手の容易さ、人体への安全性の面から、植物由来であるものが好ましい。   The oil used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it protects pollen from moisture in the outside air and renders the pollen inert to the outside air, but it is liquid at room temperature from the viewpoint of easy handling. Those are preferred. In addition, any of plant-derived vegetable oils, animal-derived animal oils, mineral-derived mineral oils, and synthetic oils obtained by chemical synthesis can be used, but they are easily available and safe for humans. Therefore, those derived from plants are preferred.

植物油としては、外気との遮断性に優れているという面から、ヨウ素価が130以下のものが好ましい。このような植物油の具体例として、コーン油、菜種油、紅花油、ひまわり油、胡麻油、綿実油、大豆油、オリーブ油、ひまし油などが挙げられる。また、動物油の具体例として、魚油などが挙げられる。鉱物油の具体例として、流動パラフィンなどが挙げられる。合成油の具体例として、シリコーン油などが挙げられる。なお、合成油は、温度による粘度の変化が少なく、取り扱いに優れている。また、植物油、動物油、鉱物油、合成油の中で又は間で各種混合してもよい。   As the vegetable oil, those having an iodine value of 130 or less are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent barrier properties against outside air. Specific examples of such vegetable oils include corn oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, castor oil and the like. Moreover, fish oil etc. are mentioned as a specific example of animal oil. Specific examples of mineral oil include liquid paraffin. Specific examples of the synthetic oil include silicone oil. Synthetic oils have little change in viscosity due to temperature and are excellent in handling. Moreover, you may mix various in or between vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, and synthetic oil.

なお、動植物油の主成分は、脂肪酸とグリセリンとのエステル(グリセリド)である。グリセリドとしては、上記と同様に、外気との優れた遮断性の面から、炭素数12〜18の直鎖不飽和脂肪酸のグリセリドが好ましい。このような脂肪酸の具体例として、ミリストレイン酸、パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸などが挙げられる。   The main component of animal and vegetable oil is an ester (glyceride) of fatty acid and glycerin. As the glyceride, a glyceride of a linear unsaturated fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent blocking properties against the outside air. Specific examples of such fatty acids include myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and the like.

油の種類によっては、油の劣化を防ぐために、抗酸化剤を添加することが好ましい。抗酸化剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、具体例として、トコフェロール、オリザノール、リコピン、クエン酸エステル、エリソルビン酸ナトリウムなどが挙げられる。   Depending on the type of oil, it is preferable to add an antioxidant to prevent deterioration of the oil. The antioxidant is not particularly limited, and specific examples include tocopherol, oryzanol, lycopene, citrate ester, sodium erythorbate and the like.

次に、粗花粉が入った油を濾して、葯と人工受粉に用いる花粉とに分離する。油を濾すための濾し器としては、花粉は通過するが葯は通過しないものであれば特に限定されないが、ガーゼなどを用いることが好ましい。葯は濾し器を通過せずに濾し器内に残るが、花粉は油とともに濾し器を通過する。すなわち、葯が除去されて花粉が精製される。このようにして、油の中に花粉が浸漬された状態の花粉含有物を得ることができる。   Next, the oil containing the coarse pollen is filtered and separated into straw and pollen used for artificial pollination. The strainer for filtering oil is not particularly limited as long as it passes pollen but does not pass soot, but it is preferable to use gauze or the like. The soot remains in the strainer without passing through the strainer, but the pollen passes through the strainer with the oil. That is, the wrinkles are removed and the pollen is purified. In this way, a pollen-containing material in which pollen is immersed in oil can be obtained.

得られた花粉含有物は、油によって花粉が外気から保護されているので、常温でも発芽率が低下せず、取扱いが簡便である。また、この花粉含有物は、そのままの状態で長期間にわたる貯蔵が可能である。その際、密封して暗所に保管することが好ましい。温度は室温でも良いが、0〜20℃の低温度で貯蔵することが好ましい。また、花粉含有物の花粉濃度は、25〜500倍(1g/25ml〜1g/500ml)にすることが好ましい。花粉濃度を25倍以上にすることで充分に花粉を外気から遮断することができる。また、500倍以下にすることで受粉作業時に油を切る際のロスを抑えることができる。   Since the pollen contained in the obtained pollen is protected from the outside air by oil, the germination rate does not decrease even at room temperature, and handling is simple. In addition, this pollen-containing material can be stored for a long period of time as it is. In that case, it is preferable to seal and store in a dark place. The temperature may be room temperature, but is preferably stored at a low temperature of 0 to 20 ° C. Moreover, it is preferable that the pollen density | concentration pollen density | concentration shall be 25-500 times (1g / 25ml-1g / 500ml). By setting the pollen concentration to 25 times or more, the pollen can be sufficiently blocked from the outside air. Moreover, the loss at the time of cutting oil at the time of pollination work can be suppressed by making it 500 times or less.

次に、この花粉含有物を用いて人工受粉を行う方法について説明する。先ず、花粉含有物に後述する水溶液を加え、水溶液中に花粉を分散させる。この際、花粉含有物は、上澄みの油を切っておくことが好ましい。上澄みの油を切った沈殿物のみを使うことがより好ましい。水溶液中の花粉濃度は、100〜2000倍(1g/100ml〜1g/2000ml)にすることが好ましい。100倍以上にすることで広範囲に散布することができる。また、2000倍以下にすることで充分な結実率を確保することができる。   Next, a method for performing artificial pollination using this pollen-containing material will be described. First, an aqueous solution described later is added to the pollen-containing material, and the pollen is dispersed in the aqueous solution. At this time, the pollen-containing material is preferably cut off the supernatant oil. It is more preferable to use only the precipitate from which the supernatant oil has been cut. The pollen concentration in the aqueous solution is preferably 100 to 2000 times (1 g / 100 ml to 1 g / 2000 ml). By making it 100 times or more, it can be spread over a wide range. Moreover, a sufficient fruiting rate can be ensured by making it 2000 times or less.

本発明で用いる水溶液は、増粘剤が添加されたものである。増粘剤としては、水に溶解した際に高い粘度を有するものであれば特に限定されるものではない。増粘剤の具体例としては、寒天、ゼラチン、グリセリン、ポリアクリル酸塩などが挙げられる。増粘剤の添加量は、増粘剤の種類によって多少異なるが、寒天の場合であれば0.05〜0.5重量%の範囲が好ましい。寒天を0.05重量%以上添加することで、花粉を充分に分散することができる。また、寒天を0.5重量%以下添加することで、スプレー器材により容易に散布することができる。   The aqueous solution used in the present invention has a thickener added thereto. The thickener is not particularly limited as long as it has a high viscosity when dissolved in water. Specific examples of the thickener include agar, gelatin, glycerin, polyacrylate and the like. The amount of thickener added varies somewhat depending on the type of thickener, but in the case of agar, it is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. By adding 0.05% by weight or more of agar, pollen can be sufficiently dispersed. Moreover, by adding 0.5% by weight or less of agar, it can be easily sprayed with a spray device.

また、水溶液には、花粉管の伸長を促進するために、ショ糖(スクロース)やブドウ糖(グルコース)などの糖類を添加することが好ましい。糖類の添加量は、その種類によって多少異なるが、1〜20重量%の範囲が好ましい。1重量%以上にすることで、花粉管の伸長を充分に促進することができる。また、20重量%以下にすることで、葉焼け等の発生を防止することができる。   Moreover, it is preferable to add sugars, such as sucrose (sucrose) and glucose (glucose), to aqueous solution, in order to accelerate | stimulate the expansion | extension of a pollen tube. The amount of saccharide added varies somewhat depending on the type, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by weight. By making it 1% by weight or more, the elongation of the pollen tube can be sufficiently promoted. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of leaf burn etc. can be prevented by setting it as 20 weight% or less.

さらに、水溶液には、油に浸漬された花粉を水溶液中により均一に分散させて、作業性向上を図るために、界面活性剤を添加することが好ましい。界面活性剤の種類は特に限定されず、アニオン系の硫酸エステル塩やスルホン酸塩、カチオン系のアミン塩類、両性イオン系のアミノ酸型界面活性剤、非イオン系のポリエチレングリコール類やショ糖エステルなどが使用できる。界面活性剤の添加量は、種類によって多少異なるが、0.01〜1重量%の範囲が好ましい。なお、油に界面活性剤を添加することもできる。   Furthermore, it is preferable to add a surfactant to the aqueous solution in order to disperse pollen immersed in oil more uniformly in the aqueous solution and improve workability. The type of surfactant is not particularly limited. Anionic sulfates and sulfonates, cationic amine salts, zwitterionic amino acid surfactants, nonionic polyethylene glycols and sucrose esters, etc. Can be used. The addition amount of the surfactant varies somewhat depending on the type, but is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight. In addition, surfactant can also be added to oil.

このようにして花粉を分散させた水溶液は、スプレー器材による散布が可能となり、溶液受粉を行うことができるので、人工受粉に要する作業を省力化することができる。また、花粉を油に浸漬しても、受粉能力に悪影響を及ぼすことがないので、安定した結実量を得ることができる。さらに、果樹に薬害を出すこともなく、環境への影響もない。   The aqueous solution in which pollen is dispersed in this manner can be sprayed with a spray device, and solution pollination can be performed, so that work required for artificial pollination can be saved. Moreover, even if the pollen is immersed in oil, the pollination ability is not adversely affected, so that a stable fruiting amount can be obtained. Furthermore, there is no chemical damage to fruit trees and there is no environmental impact.

(花粉の採取及び貯蔵)
葯付きの状態のリンゴ花粉(品種:祝)1gをガーゼ上に敷き詰め、このガーゼの下に、密閉可能な容器を受器として用意した。そして、ガーゼ上にコーン油を50ml流し込んだ。ガーゼを絞って、ガーゼを通過して流出してくる花粉をコーン油ごと容器内に密閉した。この容器を、暗所にて室温(25℃以下)と家庭用冷蔵庫(5℃以下)とでそれぞれ1年間貯蔵した。
(Pollen collection and storage)
1 g of apple pollen (variety: congratulation) with a knot was spread on the gauze, and a container that can be sealed was prepared as a receiver under the gauze. Then, 50 ml of corn oil was poured onto the gauze. The gauze was squeezed, and the pollen flowing out through the gauze was sealed together with the corn oil in the container. This container was stored in a dark place at room temperature (25 ° C. or lower) and a household refrigerator (5 ° C. or lower) for 1 year.

一方、比較例として、葯付き状態の上記花粉を開葯器及び花粉精製器にて葯と花粉とを分離した。得られた花粉を乾燥させた状態で暗所にて室温(25℃以下)と冷凍室(−40℃以下)とでそれぞれ1年間貯蔵した。   On the other hand, as a comparative example, the above-mentioned pollen in a wrinkled state was separated from the wrinkles and pollen with an opener and a pollen purifier. The obtained pollen was stored in a dark place at room temperature (25 ° C. or lower) and freezing room (−40 ° C. or lower) for 1 year.

(花粉の発芽試験)
上記により油に浸漬し室温又は冷蔵庫にて貯蔵した花粉(実施例)と、室温又は冷凍室で乾燥貯蔵した花粉(比較例)とについて、発芽試験を行った。なお、実施例である油に浸漬した花粉については、油と混合した状態のまま綿棒を入れて花粉を付着させ、培地上に移した。培地は、寒天1重量%、ショ糖10%に調製し、この培地上に花粉をまいて、温度20℃で3時間培養した。そして、顕微鏡にて花粉の発芽状況を観察し、発芽率を測定した。
(Pollen germination test)
A germination test was conducted on pollen (Example) immersed in oil and stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator, and pollen (Comparative Example) dried and stored at room temperature or in a freezer. In addition, about the pollen immersed in the oil which is an Example, the cotton swab was put in the state mixed with oil, the pollen was made to adhere, and it moved on the culture medium. The medium was prepared to 1% by weight agar and 10% sucrose, and pollen was spread on this medium and cultured at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 3 hours. And the germination condition of the pollen was observed with the microscope, and the germination rate was measured.

その結果、実施例の冷蔵庫で貯蔵した花粉は約80%の発芽率が得られた。これは、比較例の冷凍室で貯蔵した花粉と同様の発芽率であった。すなわち、花粉を油に浸漬して冷蔵庫で1年間貯蔵した場合は、冷凍室で乾燥貯蔵した場合と比べて、発芽率の低下はまったく見られなかった。   As a result, the pollen stored in the refrigerator of the example had a germination rate of about 80%. This was the same germination rate as the pollen stored in the freezer of the comparative example. That is, when pollen was immersed in oil and stored in a refrigerator for one year, no reduction in germination rate was observed compared to when it was stored dry in a freezer.

また、実施例では、室温貯蔵した場合でも約60%の発芽率が得られた。一方、比較例である室温で乾燥貯蔵した場合は発芽率が0%であった。すなわち、油に浸漬することで、室温においても花粉を貯蔵することが可能になった。   In the examples, a germination rate of about 60% was obtained even when stored at room temperature. On the other hand, the germination rate was 0% when it was dried and stored at room temperature as a comparative example. That is, by immersing in oil, it became possible to store pollen even at room temperature.

(人工受粉)
上記の冷蔵庫で1年貯蔵した花粉(乾燥した状態で0.2g)を、今度は人工受粉に使用するために、上澄みの油を切った後、花粉濃度が500倍(1g/500ml)となるように、ショ糖3重量%及び寒天0.1重量%の水溶液100mlに懸濁した。これを山形県内の圃場にて、スプレー散布で溶液受粉に供した。なお、この溶液受粉に要した作業時間は、従来の梵天による作業時間の約1/2であった。また、上記の溶液受粉から2週間後に結実状況を調査した結果、結実率は75%であった。なお、花弁や葉に薬害は見られなかった。
(Artificial pollination)
In order to use pollen (0.2 g in a dry state) stored in the refrigerator for one year for artificial pollination, the pollen concentration becomes 500 times (1 g / 500 ml) after draining the supernatant oil. Thus, it was suspended in 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing 3% by weight of sucrose and 0.1% by weight of agar. This was subjected to solution pollination by spraying in a field in Yamagata Prefecture. In addition, the work time required for this solution pollination was about 1/2 of the work time by the conventional brazing. Moreover, as a result of investigating the fruiting situation after two weeks from the above solution pollination, the fruiting rate was 75%. In addition, no phytotoxicity was seen in petals and leaves.

以上、本発明の一実施の形態並びに実施例について説明したが、本発明はこのような一実施の形態並びに実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、様々に実施することができる。   Although one embodiment and examples of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to such one embodiment and examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Can be implemented.

Claims (9)

油に花粉を浸漬する工程を含んでなる人工受粉用の花粉貯蔵方法。   A method for storing pollen for artificial pollination comprising the step of immersing pollen in oil. 前記油が常温で液体である請求項1に記載の方法。   The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is liquid at ambient temperature. 前記油が植物由来である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oil is derived from a plant. 前記油が、炭素数12〜18の直鎖不飽和脂肪酸のグリセリドを主成分とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oil is mainly composed of glycerides of linear unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. 前記油には抗酸化剤が添加されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, wherein an antioxidant is added to the oil. 粗花粉を油に入れる工程と、この油を濾して花粉と葯とを分離する工程とを含んでなる人工受粉用の花粉精製方法。   A method for purifying pollen for artificial pollination, which comprises a step of putting coarse pollen into oil and a step of filtering this oil to separate pollen and straw. 油に花粉を浸漬する工程と、この油に浸漬された花粉を、増粘剤が添加された水溶液中に分散させる工程と、この花粉が分散した水溶液を散布する工程とを含んでなる人工受粉方法。   Artificial pollination comprising a step of immersing pollen in oil, a step of dispersing pollen immersed in oil in an aqueous solution to which a thickener is added, and a step of spraying an aqueous solution in which the pollen is dispersed Method. 前記水溶液にはさらに界面活性剤が添加されている請求項7に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 7, wherein a surfactant is further added to the aqueous solution. 油と、この油に浸漬されている花粉とを含んでなる人工受粉用の花粉含有物。   A pollen-containing material for artificial pollination, comprising oil and pollen immersed in the oil.
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KR101077203B1 (en) 2008-11-27 2011-10-31 대한민국 Eco-friendly pollinator method for small scale crops
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CN113853938A (en) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-31 三明市农业科学研究院 Pepper pollen fetching and storing method

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