JP2006226148A - Horizontal-shaft windmill and propeller - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a horizontal-shaft windmill excelling in propeller rotation startability and high-speed rotatability particularly in a weak-wind environment and having high windmill efficiency, and to provide a propeller. <P>SOLUTION: This horizontal-shaft windmill 1 is so structured that the propeller 6 is arranged on a propeller shaft 4 horizontally arranged in a casing 3 rotatably supported on a support 2; and longitudinal guide plates 8 are vertically arranged on both right and left side parts of the casing 3 through support wings 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a horizontal axis wind turbine, and more particularly to a horizontal axis wind turbine and a propeller that are excellent in rotational startability and high-speed rotation performance of a propeller in a low wind environment and have high wind turbine efficiency.

  Conventionally, propeller wind turbines are used for wind power generators and the like. Wind generators are getting bigger, but if the high-speed wind blows without interruption, the profitability of power generation is poor.

Propeller wind power generators are said to be unprofitable unless winds with a wind speed of 4 m / s or more blow over 2000 hours per year. Accordingly, there is a demand for a windmill that can rotate even with a wind speed of 4 m / s or less and that can increase the axial torque. When the propeller rotates at a high speed, a force that turns in the rotation direction and changes the direction is applied.
An object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal axis wind turbine that has high wind turbine efficiency even at low wind speeds, and that does not change its direction when the propeller is turned during high-speed rotation.

  In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the present invention, guide plates are arranged vertically on both sides of the casing. The wind collected by this guide plate passes at high speed and rotates the propeller at high speed. Moreover, since the housing | casing is maintained in a wind direction by the wind which passes along a guide plate, the turning effect | action accompanying rotation of a propeller is suppressed. The specific contents of the invention are as follows.

   (1) A windmill in which a propeller is disposed on a propeller shaft that is horizontally installed in a casing that is rotatably supported on a support column, and via support wings that are provided on both right and left sides of the casing. A horizontal axis wind turbine in which front and rear guide plates are arranged vertically.

  (2) The guide plate is described in (1), wherein the upper and lower end portions are gradually thinned toward the tip in a front view, and the inclined portion is formed to be inclined outward or inward. Horizontal axis windmill.

  (3) The guide plate has an asymmetric cross section of the main part, a front part is thicker, a rear part is gradually thinner, and a large bulging part is formed at the front edge of the inner surface with respect to the front and rear cores. The horizontal axis wind turbine according to any one of (1) and (2).

  (4) In the guide plate, the front and rear core wires are arranged so that the rear portion is more open than the front portion by 7 to 17 degrees in a plan view with respect to the axial center line. ) A horizontal axis windmill described in any of the above.

  (5) A wind turbine with a propeller disposed on the rear part of the propeller shaft, which is laterally installed in a casing that is pivotally supported on a support column, and is provided with support blades that protrude from the left and right sides of the casing. A horizontal axis wind turbine in which front and rear guide plates are vertically arranged through the upper and lower ends of the guide plates, and the upper and lower end portions are inclined outward.

  (6) A wind turbine in which a propeller is disposed in front of a propeller shaft that is horizontally installed in a casing that is rotatably supported on a support column, and supporting blades that protrude from both left and right sides of the casing A horizontal axis windmill in which front and rear guide plates are vertically disposed through the upper and lower ends of the guide plates and the upper and lower end portions are inclined inward to form inclined portions.

  (7) The propeller is set to be gradually thinner from the base to the tip at the tip of the wind receiving portion, and an inclined portion inclined forward to 30 degrees to 45 degrees is formed. The horizontal axis windmill described in any one.

  (8) On the front side of the propeller, the length of the vertical center line is set to 7 to 3, and the chord length of the tip of the propeller is set wider than the base part, and the front end surface is a curved surface left and right with the vertical center line as the apex. A propeller in which an inclined portion is formed by inclining the front end portion of the propeller forwardly in a range of 30 to 45 degrees.

  The present invention has the following effects.

(1) In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the first aspect of the present invention, the guide plates are vertically disposed on the left and right sides of the wind turbine housing via the support blades. The passing wind is accelerated more than other areas, and the propeller rotation efficiency is increased.
Since the guide plate is in the rear part of the casing, when the wind is received from the side, the front part of the casing is directed in the wind direction. When the propeller is rotated, a force to turn in the rotating direction is applied, but the wind passing speed guided by the guide plates on the left and right sides of the casing is faster than the other areas, so that the propeller is maintained in the wind direction.

  (2) In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the second aspect of the invention, the left and right guide plates are inclined so that the upper and lower ends are inclined outward in front view. Grasping the wind, accelerating the slope and sliding it to the main part, it is possible to collect a lot of wind sensitively and change the direction of the housing even with a breeze.

  (3) In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the third aspect of the invention, the cross section of the guide plate is asymmetrical, the front part is thicker and the rear part is formed thinner. Is more accelerated than other areas, giving a large rotational force to the propeller, and because the direction of the high-speed wind passing therethrough is strong, even if a turning action occurs due to the rotation of the propeller, Keep it stable in the direction.

   (4) In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the left and right guide plates are disposed with the rear portions inclined outward, so that the wind passing backward between the left and right guide plates receives resistance. However, since it is released to the rear at a stretch, it can be accelerated and escape, and the rotation efficiency of the propeller can be increased.

  (5) In the horizontal axis wind turbine of the invention described in claim 5, since the propeller is at the rear, the wind passing along the support wing is accelerated and further accelerated along the inner surface of the guide plate. Since it hits the rear propeller, the rotation efficiency of the propeller can be increased. In addition, since the upper and lower ends of the guide plate are inclined outward, it can be corrected sensitively to changes in the wind direction.

(6) In the horizontal axis wind turbine of the invention described in claim 6, since the propeller is in the front part, the turbulence generated by the propeller can be accelerated along the upper and lower sides of the support wings and escape backward.
Since the upper and lower end portions of the guide plate are inclined inward, the wind passing along the upper and lower sides of the support wing is surrounded by the inclined portion and passes without reducing the passing speed.

  (7) In the horizontal axis wind turbine according to the seventh aspect of the invention, since the inclined portion inclined forward is formed at the tip of the propeller, the wind power is excellent and the rotational efficiency is increased.

  (8) The propeller according to the eighth aspect of the invention has a tip portion that is inclined forward to form an inclined portion. Therefore, the propeller has excellent air collecting performance and can increase lift. The wind hitting the inclined front surface of the inclined part slides at high speed to the main part of the wind receiving part, attracts a lot of wind to the left side surface to increase the airflow density, and increases the rotation efficiency of the propeller. Since the left and right of the longitudinal center line are in a ratio of 7 to 3, the core part is in front, and the bulging part is in this part, and when the propeller rotates, the wind is accelerated and passes through and the lift is increased.

  A pair of guide plates are disposed on the left and right side surfaces of the wind turbine casing via support wings. The guide plate guides the wind accelerated along the upper and lower sides of the support wing to the rear. As a result, since the wind that is accelerated backward is directional, the swirling action that accompanies the rotation of the propeller is suppressed, and the wind that is accelerated rearward increases the rotation efficiency of the propeller.

    Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view of a horizontal axis wind turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view, and FIG. 3 is a side view.

  The horizontal axis wind turbine (1) has a casing (3) disposed on a support (2) so as to be rotatable. As shown in the figure, the housing (3) is bilaterally symmetric and has a thick front part and is gradually narrowed toward the rear part. The lower part of the casing (3) near the front part protrudes downward and is supported by the column (2) so as to be rotatable. Reference numeral (3a) in the figure denotes a rear lid. The support (2) is preferably located in front of the housing (3) as much as possible.

  In the housing (3), as shown in FIG. 2, the propeller shaft (4) is rotatably provided along the longitudinal direction. A propeller (6) is disposed at the rear of the propeller shaft (4) via a boss (5). When a transmission, a generator, etc. (not shown) are arranged at the front portion of the propeller shaft (4), a wind power generator is obtained. Inside the housing (3), an anemometer, a tachometer, an automatic controller, and other well-known device devices essential for a wind power generator are arranged.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the front end of the wind receiving portion (6b) of the propeller (6) is set wider at the front end edge than at the base. The maximum width can be increased from 20% to 45% of the turning radius of the propeller (6). Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tip of the propeller (6) is gradually set thin on the side surface in the tip direction, and is inclined forward to form an inclined portion (6a). The length of the inclined portion (6a) toward the free end is preferably within 10% of the turning radius.

  The inclination of the inclined portion (6a) is 30 to 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the propeller (6), preferably 40 to 45 degrees. Further, the front surface of the wind receiving portion (6b) of the propeller (6) is set to 90 degrees to 100 degrees with respect to the axial center line (L) shown in FIG. This is a drag-type orientation, but the resistance is small and the lift is large during rotation.

  When the conventional propeller and the propeller with the inclined portion (6a) are rotated under the same conditions, the conventional type does not rotate at a wind speed of 4 m / s, but this propeller rotates immediately when the wind hits it. did. Moreover, when power was generated under the same conditions, 450 w / t was recorded with this propeller even though the conventional type was 210 w / t.

  The propeller (6) can form the oblique side surface (6c) by inclining the left side surface with respect to the axial center line (L) from the middle of the wind receiving portion (6b) to the base end portion. . The inclination of the oblique side surface (6c) is 100 to 150 degrees with respect to the axial center line (L) in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1.2, the horizontal axis wind turbine (1) has support wings (7) disposed substantially horizontally on the left and right sides of the front surface of the housing (3). The longitudinal section of the support wing (7) is preferably vertically symmetrical. The longitudinal section of the support wing (7) is substantially airfoil and the rear part is formed thin. In the planar shape of the support wing (7), the base is formed wide due to strength, and the left and right protruding length is set longer than the rotation radius of the propeller (6).

  A guide plate (8) is arranged symmetrically at each tip of the support wing (7). As shown in FIG. 1, the guide plate (8) is fixed to the supporting wing (7) at the center with the main portion (8a) being vertical as viewed from the front. The cross section of the main portion (8a) is asymmetrical as shown in FIG. 2, and the inner surface of each of the left and right guide plates (8) has a larger degree of bulging than the outer surface.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the side surface of the guide plate (8) is a front pentagonal pentagon, and the rear part is set to be vertical. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper and lower end portions of the main portion (8a) are gradually made thinner toward the tip in front view, and are inclined outward to form inclined portions (8b). The inclination is 25 to 45 degrees with respect to the vertical.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the guide plate (8) is inclined in a direction in which the front and rear lines (S) are separated from the axial center line (L) as shown in FIG. 2. The inclination angle of the front-rear line (S) is 7 degrees to 17 degrees with respect to the axial center line (L). Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the rear portion of the guide plate (8) extends to a position covering the side of the propeller (6). The height of the guide plate (8) may be shorter than the rotating diameter of the propeller, but a length exceeding the radius is preferable. When the supporting blade (7) and the guide plate (8) are integrally formed by FRP, the rigidity and accuracy can be maintained high.

  When the wind blows, the horizontal axis wind turbine (1) of the present invention configured as described above receives wind from the guide plate (8) and directs the front part of the housing (3) to the windward side. The wind that strikes the casing (3) and escapes rearward along the surface is compressed at the thick front part of the casing (3) and escapes to the rear, and thus passes at a higher speed than other areas. The wind that passes rearward along the upper and lower surfaces of the support wing (8) having a thick front part and a thin rear part passes faster than other areas.

  The wind passing between the left and right guide plates (8) is swelled on the inner side surface of the guide plate (8), so the wind passing through the swelled surface is accelerated and passes. In addition, because the rear part of the front and rear core (S) of the guide plate (8) is inclined outward, the wind hitting the guide plate (8) from the front increases the air flow density while receiving resistance at the bulging part, and opens. It is accelerated backwards and it escapes at a stretch. As a result, the propeller (6) receives wind passing at a higher speed than other areas, and the rotation efficiency is increased.

  If the guide plate (8) is cylindrical, it is difficult for the wind to pass through the cylindrical guide plate. This is due to the viscosity of the fluid and other resistances.In this invention, there are guide plates (8) only on the left and right sides of the housing (3), and the wind can escape upward and downward. Even if becomes low, it can pass backward at high speed.

  The atmospheric pressure flows from high to low, and becomes negative as the speed increases. Therefore, when the wind is captured by the guide plate (8), resistance is applied and the wind pressure is increased, so that the wind speed is lowered. Generally, the wind pressure is increased and applied to the propeller. However, the rotation efficiency can be increased by increasing the wind speed by increasing the wind speed by decreasing the wind pressure.

 Also, the airflow passing along the inner surface of the guide plate (8) is accelerated, so it has directionality, the housing (3) is maintained in the direction of the wind, and the propeller (6) rotates. The propeller (6) absorbs the force to turn in the rotation direction, and the casing (3) is stably held in the wind direction.

  When the wind direction changes, the guide plate (8) changes its direction by receiving wind sensitively because of the inclined portions (8b) at the upper and lower ends. That is, when wind strikes the inclined portion (8b), the wind sliding on the inclined surface (8b) is accelerated and moved toward the center of the guide plate (8). Easily point the housing (3) upwind.

  In FIG. 4, when the A arrow wind blown from the front side of the wind receiving portion (6b) of the propeller (6) hits the front surface of the inclined portion (6a), the front receiving surface of the inclined portion (6a) is moved at high speed. Glide to (6b). This is because the airflow flows in the direction of smaller resistance. Since the distance between the points QP is longer than the distance between the points OP in FIG. 4, the speed of the wind sliding between the points QP is higher than the wind speed of the wind passing between the points OP. Will be faster.

  As the wind speed increases, the air density decreases and negative pressure is generated from the surroundings. When the negative pressure is reached, a large amount of normal pressure wind is concentrated from the surroundings on the front surface of the inclined portion (6a). In other words, the inclined portion (6a) has a function of gathering a larger amount of wind partially than other areas.

  The wind that gathers on the front surface of the inclined portion (6a) proceeds to the main portion (6b) of the wind receiving portion with less resistance, and escapes from the left side surface to the back surface. In other words, the inclined part (6a) winds more wind than other areas within a fixed time, so the air density increases and flows to the normal wind receiving part (6b) of the air density, to the left behind the wind receiving part (6b) Exit.

  In this way, the inclined portion (6a) of the propeller (6) has excellent air collecting properties, and has the effect of instantaneously changing the air pressure and airflow on the front surface of the propeller (6) at the same time as receiving wind. On the left side of the front surface of the wind receiving portion (6b), there is a feature that the wind can escape at high speed behind.

  As a result, the propeller (6) wind receiving part (6b), the amount of wind that passes backward on the left side of the front surface of the propeller (6b) is larger than the wind that passes through the right side of the propeller front surface within a fixed time, so the propeller (6) Pulled to the right direction of rotation with a small air density, the rotational lift increases. The wind passing through the oblique side surface (6c) produces an effect of pushing the propeller (6) in the rotation direction.

  In addition, the propeller (6) shown in FIG. 5 has an asymmetrical cross section, and the inclined portion (6a) that is thinly inclined toward the tip as it is is the speed of the wind passing through the outer surface rather than the inner surface during rotation. Becomes faster, the outer surface area of the inclined portion (6a) becomes negative pressure, and rotational lift occurs in the negative pressure direction.

  In the rotating propeller (6), the wind passing through the front and rear of the main portion of the propeller (6) as the rotation of the propeller (6) becomes faster in FIG. A lift force (rotational thrust) is generated in the direction.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a horizontal axis wind turbine illustrating the second embodiment. The same parts as those in the previous example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
In the second embodiment, as shown in the drawing, the support wings (7) are vertically arranged in two on the left and right sides so as to project substantially radially from the axial center line of the housing (3). The guide plate (8) is fixed via the upper and lower support wings (7). In the second embodiment, the guide plate (8) having a high height can be stably supported.

  FIG. 7 is a front view of a horizontal axis wind turbine showing the third embodiment. The same parts as those in the previous example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. In the third embodiment, the inclined portion (8b) of the guide plate (8) is inclined inward. In this aspect, the inwardly inclined portion (8b) does not release the accelerated airflow passing along the upper and lower surfaces of the support wing (7) in the vertical direction.

  When the propeller (6) rotates, the airflow is stagnated in the front area of the propeller (6), and it becomes difficult to escape backward. Then, since the rotation efficiency of the propeller is lowered, it is indispensable to let the wind pass quickly from the side of the propeller (6).

  In that regard, in the present invention, even when the propeller (6) is disposed in front of the casing (3), the vortex generated by the propeller (6) is accelerated by the support blades (7), and the guide plate (8 ) So as to be surrounded by the inwardly inclined portion (8b), the accelerated wind does not dissipate and passes rearward at a high speed, so the wind passage is improved and the rotation efficiency of the propeller is increased.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the propeller (6) is set to 7 to 3 on the left and right of the longitudinal center line (T). The distal end surface is formed into a curved surface with the longitudinal center line (T) being a vertex. This is because, when rotating clockwise, the bulge of the outer surface of the inclined portion (6a) is strong in this portion, so that the passing wind flow to the rear of the rotation is accelerated during rotation, and the rotation efficiency is good.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A design change can be suitably performed according to the objective. For example, a rudder plate extending along the longitudinal direction can be disposed on the upper portion of the housing (3). Moreover, a part of each Example can be combined, respectively.

  Since wind speed is excellent at low wind speed and high wind turbine efficiency is obtained, wind power generation with high wind turbine efficiency can be performed in a low wind speed environment when used as a small wind power generator.

It is a front view of the horizontal axis windmill which shows Example 1 which concerns on this invention. It is a top view of the horizontal axis windmill which shows Example 1 which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of a horizontal axis windmill showing example 1 of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a left side view of a propeller of a horizontal axis wind turbine showing Embodiment 1 according to the present invention. It is a top view of the propeller of the horizontal axis windmill in FIG. It is a front view of the horizontal axis windmill which shows Example 2 which concerns on this invention. It is a front view of the horizontal axis windmill which shows Example 3 which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

(1) Horizontal axis wind turbine
(2) Prop
(3) Housing
(3a) Rear lid
(4) Propeller shaft
(5) Boss
(6) Propeller
(6a) Inclined part
(6b) Wind receiving part
(6c) Oblique side
(7) Support wing
(8) Guide plate
(8a) Main part
(8b) Inclined part
(8c) Oblique side (L) Center axis (S) Longitudinal center line (T) Longitudinal center line

Claims (8)

A wind turbine in which a propeller is disposed on a propeller shaft that is horizontally installed in a casing that is pivotally supported on a support column, and is supported in a front-rear direction through support wings that protrude from the left and right sides of the casing. A horizontal axis wind turbine characterized in that the guide plates are arranged vertically. 2. The guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower end portions of the guide plate are gradually thinned toward the distal end in a front view, and the inclined portion is formed by being inclined outward or inward. Horizontal axis windmill. The guide plate has a cross section of the main part that is asymmetrical left and right, the front part is thicker, the rear part is set to be thinner, and a large bulging part is formed at the front edge of the inner surface with respect to the front and rear core wires, A horizontal axis windmill according to any one of claims 1.2. The front and rear core wires of the guide plate are arranged so that the rear portion of the guide plate is open from 7 to 17 degrees in plan view with respect to the axial center line. A horizontal axis windmill described in any of the above. A windmill with propellers arranged at the rear of the propeller shaft, which is horizontally installed in a casing that is pivotally supported on a support column, via support wings that protrude from the left and right sides of the casing A horizontal axis wind turbine characterized in that the front and rear guide plates are arranged vertically, and the guide plates are inclined at the upper and lower ends. A windmill with propellers installed in front of the propeller shaft, which is installed in a case that is pivotally supported on a support column, with support wings protruding from the left and right sides of the case. The horizontal axis wind turbine is characterized in that the front and rear guide plates are arranged vertically, and the guide plates are inclined at the upper and lower end portions inwardly. The propeller is set to be gradually thinner from the base portion to the tip portion at the wind receiving portion tip portion, and an inclined portion inclined forward by 30 degrees to 45 degrees is formed. A horizontal axis windmill described in In the front of the propeller, the left and right of the longitudinal center line is set to a ratio of 7 to 3, the chord length of the tip of the propeller is set wider than the base, the distal end surface is a curved surface to the left and right with the longitudinal center line as the apex, and the propeller A propeller characterized in that an inclined portion is formed by inclining a tip portion in a range of 30 to 45 degrees forward.

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