JP2006194232A - Processing and effectively using method and effectively using system of raw waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing and effectively using method of raw wastes for taking out and effectively using available energy contained in the raw wastes as much as possible, for lessening supply energy required for the processing to a minimum by circulation use of the product and for reducing last wastes to zero. <P>SOLUTION: The invention is the processing and effectively using method of the raw wastes, which is characterized by producing carbide and exhaust gas by carbonizing the raw wastes with superheated steam, separating the carbide into inflammable gas and residual substances by heating it with a gas burner, operating a gas engine with the inflammable gas as fuel for the engine, rotating a generator with its motive power to generate electric power and using the exhaust gas of the engine as a heat source of the superheated steam. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  This invention heats and carbonizes domestic raw waste or industrial raw waste, and uses the high-temperature exhaust generated thereby as a heat source for generating superheated steam, and generates combustible gas from the generated carbide. This is used as the motive energy of the engine to generate electricity, melt the residue, dispose of it, and dispose of the raw waste without discharging harmful substances. And an effective use system.

  Conventionally, raw waste is mainly treated by incineration. However, in order to prevent the production of dioxins and other harmful substances, it is necessary to maintain high heat, so incinerators tend to be larger.

There are also proposals such as using the exhaust gas generated during the incineration of the raw waste to boil hot water and effectively utilizing it, or further heating it into heated steam for driving the turbine.
JP 2001-311084 A

  The conventional incineration of raw waste has been terminated by exhaust treatment and disposal of incineration residue. In addition, there was a problem that the use of heat generated during incineration was partially stopped.

  Further, the invention of Patent Document 1 is intended to recover hydrogen from waste and to use it as fuel, and has a problem that the waste has not been completely used.

  However, the present invention takes out as much of the effective energy contained in the raw waste as possible and makes effective use thereof, and reduces the supplementary energy required for the processing by recycling the product as much as possible. It achieved zero waste.

  That is, the invention of the method carbonizes raw waste with superheated steam to generate carbide and exhaust gas, heats the carbide with a jet gas burner, separates into combustible gas and residue, The engine is operated using combustible gas as fuel for the gas engine, and a generator is rotated by the power to generate power, and the exhaust gas of the engine is used as a heat source for the superheated steam, It is an effective usage method. According to another invention, the raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam to generate carbide and exhaust gas, and the carbide is heated with a jet gas burner to separate into combustible gas, carbide and residue. The combustible gas is used as a fuel for the gas engine, the engine is operated, and a power generator is rotated by the power to generate electricity.The carbide is taken out and used as a carbide, and the residue is melted in a melting furnace, A method for treating and effectively using raw waste, characterized in that the exhaust gas of the engine is used as a heat source for heating the superheated steam. The raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam, and the carbide, exhaust gas, The carbide is heated with a jet gas burner, separated into combustible gas, carbide, and residue, and the engine is operated using the combustible gas as fuel for the gas engine. The electric machine is rotated to generate electric power, the turbine is rotated by the exhaust of the gas engine to generate electric power, the carbide is taken out and used as a carbide, the residue is put in a melting furnace and melted, and the exhaust gas of the turbine is A method for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste, characterized in that it is used as a heat source for heating the superheated steam.

  Further, the invention of the system includes a raw waste input device, a raw waste carbonization furnace, a treatment means for exhaust gas generated in the carbonization furnace, and a power generation means by an engine using the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace as fuel. , A system for treating and effectively using raw waste characterized by a combination of carbonization furnace residue processing means, or a raw waste input device, a raw waste carbonization furnace, and an exhaust gas generated in the carbonization furnace A waste material comprising a combination of the above processing means, a power generation means by an engine using the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace as a fuel, a carbide removal means of the carbonization furnace, and a carbonization furnace residue processing means It is a processing and effective use system. Next, in another invention, the processing means for the generated exhaust gas is a combination of a heat exchanger and an exhaust gas processing device, and the power generation means is a gas engine using a combustible gas, and a generator using its power. Is a combination.

  Next, the residue processing means is a residue melting furnace, and the raw waste is domestic raw waste and pulp residue, sludge, shochu, beer lees, tea waste, and other industrial raw waste. The melting furnace uses a jet gas as a heat source.

  In the present invention, the term “jet gas” refers to a mixed gas of hydrogen 2 and oxygen 1 obtained by electrolyzing water having a high pH value and mixing the hydrogen gas generated thereby and oxygen gas as they are.

  Brown gas described in US Pat. No. 4,081,656 is known as a mixed gas of hydrogen 2 and oxygen 1. However, the jet gas and the brown gas have some common points, but there are also differences. Therefore, in the present invention, the explanation will be given as “Zet is Su”.

When the object is irradiated with a zet gas flame, it becomes extremely high temperature (1000 ° C. to 4000 ° C.), and all the objects are dissolved, but there is no risk of moving to other objects. In addition, since the jet gas itself contains oxygen, combustion can be continued even in the absence of air. Further, zet gas has the characteristics shown in Table 1.

  As described above, zet gas has the characteristics shown in Table 1 as compared to fossil fuel or fossil gas. Therefore, the target gas is heated to the target temperature and does not emit pollutants. Suitable as a heat source for metal purification.

  The superheated steam in the said invention shall be 200 to 300 degreeC normally. The reason is that the thermal decomposition temperature of a general organic substance is around 250 ° C., and it is used in an oxygen-free state, but is not limited to the above temperature.

  In the incineration treatment of raw waste, the production of dioxins becomes a problem. However, in the present invention, the low-temperature carbonization treatment is performed at a boiling point (400 ° C. or higher) of dioxins. It is not.

  Further, since the exhaust is cooled by heat exchange, there is no risk of generating harmful substances in this respect. As described above, since the required amount of heated steam cannot be obtained by only heat exchange, it is heated by a jet gas burner or the like to generate superheated steam. In this case, the conventional technology is adopted without using any special technology for the generation of superheated steam. However, because the use of zet gas as the combustion gas, the combustion exhaust gas is clean and special attention is required for the exhaust gas treatment. There is no advantage. This is because the jet gas is a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and only produces water by combustion.

  In the composition of the raw waste, the water content is 70 to 80%, the carbon content is 10 to 20%, and the other components are 10 to 20%. When this is carbonized, the water content becomes around 5% and the carbon content is 70%. -80% and other volatile components are around 15%, so that the total weight ratio is 90% for vaporization and others, and about 10% is carbide. For example, 200 t of raw waste becomes 20 t by the dry distillation process of the superheated steam.

Next, when the carbide is heat-treated to generate a flammable gas, approximately 10% of the carbide is a flammable gas. For example, 2t (3600 m ^{3 to} 4000 m ³ ) of flammable gas is generated from 20 t of carbide. The residue 18t is discharged. Therefore, the residue is heated and melted with a Zet gas burner to further reduce the volume of the residue, and if this is crushed into small particles, it becomes a building material.

  In the above, if the inorganic residue is further heated, it becomes 16t of carbon and less than 2t of other inorganic substances (ash or glass). Therefore, 16t of carbon is used for general charcoal use, and the inorganic substance is dissolved in a melting furnace. Laying materials for roads, etc. or making them into raw materials for building materials.

  Next, if the combustible gas is supplied as a fuel for a gas engine, a generator is driven to generate electric power, and all of this is used as a melting source for the generation of combustible gas and the residue of carbides, using the generated jet gas. The total heat source required for the treatment of raw waste can be significantly reduced.

  Since the exhaust gas from the gas engine has a high temperature (for example, 80 ° C.), high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated using the exhaust gas as a heating source for the boiler, and the steam turbine is driven to generate electric power. The exhaust of the steam turbine is set to 200 ° C. or less by heat exchange, and is discharged to the outside, or water is heated to generate hot water for various uses.

  Also, it can adjust the exhaust of the gas engine to drive the gas turbine, rotate the generator to generate electricity, discharge the exhaust to the outside, or generate hot water by warming the water for various uses. it can.

  This invention makes effective use of the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by carbonizing raw waste with superheated steam. Utilizing electrolysis of water to produce zet gas, which is used for the above-mentioned treatment, it becomes a cyclic use of energy, and it is possible to treat raw waste safely and reliably with relatively little energy. At the same time, the final waste can be reduced to zero. If the efficiency is further increased, the additional energy can be reduced to zero.

Further, since the combustible gas and the jet gas are used as the heat source, there is an effect that the harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas are extremely reduced, thereby facilitating the exhaust processing. In particular, it has the effect of reducing CO ₂ contamination, resulting in very little or no waste.

  In the present invention, raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam at 300 ° C., and the resulting carbide is heated with a jet gas burner at 500 ° C. to 800 ° C. to generate combustible gas.

  The combustible gas is used as a fuel for the gas engine, and the generator is rotated to generate electric power, and this electricity is used for the generation of zet gas (electrolysis of water). In this case, if the power required for the necessary jets to obtain the required amount is small, the necessary amount of power is replenished. Further, if power is generated using the exhaust of the gas engine, energy to be supplemented can be generated.

  The exhaust gas generated during carbonization of the raw waste is reduced in temperature by heat exchange (for example, 200 ° C. or less), then detoxified (for example, using a catalyst) and then released to the outside.

  Carbide and inorganic substances left after generating the combustible gas are put in a melting furnace, heated and melted with a jet gas burner to make a small volume of residue, but if this is crushed into small particles, it can be used for building materials, etc. As a result, there is virtually no waste.

  In the above, the carbide and other residues remaining after the generation of the combustible gas is separated into carbide and inorganic matter, the carbide is used as charcoal, the inorganic matter is put into a melting furnace, and this is melted with a jet gas. If it is made into a solid material and pulverized, it can be used as a building material.

  The present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The pulp residue 200t is gradually heated to 300 ° C. to carbonize it, and 200 ° C. high-temperature exhaust gas is generated. After this exhaust gas is lowered to about 100 ° C. by a heat exchanger, harmful gas is emitted. Is processed and released to the outside world.

On the other hand, the carbide is heated to 500 ° C. to 800 ° C. with a jet gas burner to generate a combustible gas. For example, 200 t of pulp residue becomes 20 t of carbide and other inorganic residues in a carbonization furnace. This 20 ton carbide is heated to 500 ° C. to 800 ° C. with a jet gas burner to generate 2t (3600 m ^{3 to} 4000 m ³ ) combustible gas, which is used as a fuel for the combustible gas engine. Electricity of 1.4 kwt 1 h / Nm ³ is generated by a generator driven by

  Next, water is electrolyzed by the generated electricity to generate a mixed gas (jet gas) of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

  The exhaust gas in the above is guided to a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas as much as possible (100 ° C. to 200 ° C.), and remove harmful substances and release them to the outside. Hot water generated by heat exchange joins a boiler or superheated steam.

  The residue that generated the flammable gas is heated and melted and solidified into a block, and then granulated by air crushing or water crushing (for example, 1 mm to 3 mm granular material), used as a material for cement production, or concrete production Used as an aggregate of time. Other blocks that do not require high strength can be reproduced.

  In the said Example, carbon and combustible gas are isolate | separated from a carbide | carbonized_material, combustible gas can be made into a fuel of a gas engine, and carbon can be taken out (FIG. 2). In this case, the uncarburized material (residue) is sent to a melting furnace, melted and solidified, and then pulverized to make a building material.

  In the above embodiment, the combustible gas is burned to drive the gas turbine (FIG. 3), and the power is generated by the gas turbine. The exhaust of the gas turbine is used for generating superheated steam after heat exchange, and then released to the outside. As such, it can be reused again.

  The gas turbine uses a conventionally known device, and the final processing of heat exchange and other exhaust heat uses the technique of FIGS. 4 and 5 developed by the present invention.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4. A fixed amount of raw waste is taken out from the raw waste accumulation tank 1 by the conveyor 2 and supplied to the carbonization furnace 3. It heat-processes with the superheated steam sent, and produces | generates the carbide | carbonized_material 5 and the high temperature exhaust of 200 to 300 degreeC. This high-temperature exhaust gas is converted to low-temperature exhaust of about 100 ° C. through the heat exchanger 6, and harmful gas is treated (catalyst treatment) through the exhaust treatment tower 7 and then released to the outside as indicated by an arrow 36.

  Moreover, the said carbide | carbonized_material is sent to the gasification furnace 8, is heated with the ZET gas burner 9 of 500 to 800 degreeC, produces | generates combustible gas and residue, this combustible gas is supplied to the gas engine 10, and this gas engine 10 The generator 11 is driven to generate power. The exhaust is guided to the exhaust treatment tower 7 as indicated by an arrow 37 to treat harmful gases. The electricity of the generator 11 is applied to the zet gas generator 12 to generate zet gas.

  The residue is put into the melting furnace 14 and melted by the zet gas burner 9, and then transferred to the processing chamber 38 and granulated by air crushing (1 mm to 5 mm) to obtain a material for cement production or a concrete material.

  As described above, according to the system of the present invention, the raw waste is processed into the energy for processing, and the useful waste is generated and used as a recycling or industrial material. 0 can be processed. In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a jet gas distributor.

  By recycling the energy obtained as described above, it is possible to replenish 30% to 70% of processing energy and completely treat raw waste (waste 0).

  If another embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIG. 5, the raw waste is taken out from the raw waste accumulation tank 1 by the conveyor 2 and supplied to the carbonization furnace 3, and the carbonization furnace 3 It heat-processes with the superheated steam sent from the superheater 4, and produces | generates the carbide | carbonized_material 5 and the high temperature exhaust of 200 to 300 degreeC. This high-temperature exhaust gas is converted to low-temperature exhaust of about 100 ° C. through the heat exchanger 6, and harmful gas is treated (catalyst treatment) through the exhaust treatment tower 7 and then released to the outside as indicated by an arrow 36.

  Next, the carbide 5 obtained above is sent to a gasification furnace 8 and heated to 500 ° C. to 800 ° C. by a zet gas burner 9 to be separated into combustible gas and activated carbon 39. The activated carbon 39 is used for various applications. use.

  The combustible gas produced | generated above is supplied to the gas engine 10 as the arrow 40 shows, the gas engine 10 is started, the generator 11 is driven, and it is made to generate electric power.

  On the other hand, since the exhaust gas from the gas engine 10 is at a high temperature (for example, 800 ° C.), high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated by the boiler 41, and this steam is sent to the steam turbine 42 to drive the generator 43 to generate power. Electricity generated by the two generators 11 and 43 is sent to the jet gas generator 12 for use in electrolysis of water as indicated by arrows 44 and 45, and surplus electricity is used for other purposes, or an electric company. You can also sell electricity.

  Further, the uncarburized material (inorganic material) generated in the carbonization furnace 3 is led to a charging hopper 47 as shown by an arrow 46, charged into the melting furnace 14, and heated and melted by a jet gas burner 9 to form a residue, as indicated by an arrow 48. In this manner, the material is put in the processing chamber 38 and crushed and used as a building material or the like.

  Since the exhaust of the gas turbine 42 is, for example, 300 ° C. or higher, hot water is generated via the heat exchanger 49 and used for various purposes. The final exhaust passes through the exhaust treatment tower 7 and is indicated by an arrow 36. To the outside world.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the steam turbine 42 using exhaust gas has been described. However, the exhaust of the gas engine using the combustible gas is added with a means such as heating to be in a certain condition (for example, gas at 800 ° C. to 900 ° C.). Then, it can also put into a gas turbine and can generate electric power by each gas turbine of high temperature, medium temperature, and low temperature. Also in this case, the exhaust of the low temperature gas turbine is discharged to the outside through the heat exchanger 49 and the exhaust treatment tower 7 as described above. In the figure, 50 is a water supply pipe and 51 is a hot water pipe. For power generation by a gas turbine, any conventionally used device can be used.

  If treated as described above, the raw waste can be completely treated even without external energy, and only low-temperature exhaust can be released to the outside (substantially waste 0).

  The electrolysis of the electrolyzed water for generating the jet gas according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6. A large number of electrode plates 15 and 15 are installed in parallel in the electrolytic cell 17, and each electrode plate 15 and 15 is a conductive plate. 16 and 16a form a positive pole and a negative pole, respectively (FIG. 6B). One end of a water supply pipe 27 is connected to the lower part of the electrolytic tank 14, and the other end of the water supply pipe 27 is connected to a water tank 18 for electrolytic water. As usual, the electrolyzed water is easily electrolyzed by putting a current-carrying liquid (for example, acid) into clean water.

  Further, the base end of the drain pipe 19 is connected to the upper part of the electrolytic tank 17, and the other end of the drain pipe 19 is accommodated in a separation rod 20 accommodated in the upper part of the electrolytic water tank 18. This separation tank 20 is provided for the purpose of separating water from hydrogen gas and oxygen gas mixed in the waste water. A discharge pipe 21 for the mixed gas of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas separated as described above is connected to the upper part of the water tank 18.

  Therefore, when the electrode plates 15 and 15 are energized and the pump 22 of the water supply pipe 27 is started, the hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and water generated by electrolysis are taken out from the drain pipe 19 as shown by arrow 23 and separated. Gas-liquid separation is carried out with the scissors 20, and it is sent from the discharge pipe 21 to the distributor 13 as shown by the arrow 35 (FIG. 4), and is distributed from the distributor to the required place. The jet gas generator is an example, and other structures can be adopted.

  The point is to efficiently generate a jet gas in which hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are mixed. In the figure, 24 is a water supply pipe to the electrolyzed water tank 18, 25 is a water level measurement chamber, 26 is a water level gauge, 28 is a supply / exhaust pipe, 29 is a communication hole, 30 is an electromagnet (to make magnetized water), and 31 is an electromagnetic wave. A valve, 32 is an ultrasonic oscillator, 33 is a spacer mounting pin for an electrode plate, and 34 is a spacer.

  The electrodes used above are in the most common form (parallel type of electrodes) and do not prevent other shapes and structures. In short, water should be electrolyzed efficiently.

  In addition, hydrogen gas or oxygen gas is generated in each electrode as bubbles. If the flow rate of the electrolyzed water is adjusted by the amount of water supplied by the pump 22, the generated gas bubbles can be removed as quickly as possible. In addition, the efficiency of electrolysis can be further improved.

The block diagram of the Example of this invention. Similarly, the block diagram of another Example. Similarly, the block diagram of another Example. Similarly the schematic diagram of an Example. Similarly the schematic diagram of another Example. (A) The conceptual diagram of a jet gas generator similarly, (b) The partial enlarged perspective view of an electrode similarly.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw waste 2 Conveyor 3 Carbonization furnace 4 Superheater 5 Carbide 6 Heat exchanger 7 Exhaust treatment tower 8 Gasification furnace 9 Zet gas burner 10 Gas engine 11 Generator 12 Zet gas generator 13 Distributor 14 Melting furnace 15 Electrode 16, 16a Conductive plate 17 Electrolyzer 18 Water tank 19 Drain pipe 20 Separation tank 21 Discharge pipe 22 Pump

Claims (10)

  Raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam to generate carbide and exhaust gas, the carbide is heated with a jet gas burner, separated into combustible gas and residue, and the combustible gas is gas engine A method for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste, characterized in that an engine is operated as a fuel for the engine, and a generator is rotated by the power to generate power, and the exhaust gas of the engine is used as a heat source for the superheated steam.   Raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam to generate carbide and exhaust gas, the carbide is heated with a jet gas burner, separated into combustible gas, carbide and residue, and the combustible gas is The engine is operated as a fuel for the gas engine, and a generator is rotated by the power to generate electricity.The carbide is taken out and used as a carbide, and the residue is put into a melting furnace and melted, and the exhaust gas of the engine is A method for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste, characterized by being used as a heat source for heating the superheated steam.   Raw waste is carbonized with superheated steam to generate carbide and exhaust gas, the carbide is heated with a jet gas burner, separated into combustible gas, carbide and residue, and the combustible gas is The engine is operated as a fuel for the gas engine, and a generator is rotated by the power to generate power. The turbine is rotated by the exhaust of the gas engine to generate power. The carbide is taken out and used as a carbide. The residue is a melting furnace. A method for treating and effectively using raw waste, wherein the exhaust gas from the turbine is used as a heat source for heating the superheated steam.   Raw waste charging device, raw waste carbonization furnace, treatment means for exhaust gas generated in the carbonization furnace, power generation means by an engine using the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace as fuel, and treatment of the carbonization furnace residue A system for the treatment and effective use of raw waste characterized by combining the means.   Raw waste charging device, raw waste carbonization furnace, treatment means for exhaust gas generated in the carbonization furnace, power generation means by an engine using the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace as fuel, and removal of carbide from the carbonization furnace A system for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste, characterized by combining the means and the treatment means for carbonization furnace residue.   6. The system for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste according to claim 4, wherein the treatment means for the generated exhaust gas is a combination of a heat exchanger and an exhaust gas treatment device.   6. The system for treating and effectively using raw waste according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the power generation means is a combination of a gas engine using a combustible gas and a generator using the power.   6. The system for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste according to claim 4, wherein the residue processing means is a residue melting furnace.   The raw waste is treated as industrial waste such as household residue and pulp residue, sludge, shochu, beer lees, tea chaff, etc. Effective use system.   9. The system for treating and effectively utilizing raw waste according to claim 8, wherein the melting furnace uses a jet gas as a heat source.

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