JP2005144394A - Oxy-hydrogen gas combustion utilizing device and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oxy-hydrogen gas combustion utilizing device and method capable of producing hydrogen by reacting methane gas obtained from organic material to hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolyzing water and, on the other hand, performing heating treatment of waste etc. by utilizing combustion heat of hydrogen and oxygen. <P>SOLUTION: The an oxy-hydrogen gas combustion utilizing device 10 is provided with a biogas producing means 1 for producing biogas including methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor, a reaction furnace 2 which is connected with the a biogas producing means 1 and introduces the biogas to the inside, an oxy-hydrogen gas producing means 3 which electrolyzes water and produces the oxy-hydrogen gas, a gas burner 4 which is connected with the oxy-hydrogen gas producing means 3 and burns the oxy-hydrogen gas inside the reaction furnace 2 and a carbon dioxide removing means 5 which is connected within the inside of the reaction furnace 2 and can absorbs carbon dioxide. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus capable of simultaneously processing waste and generating power in the process of producing a larger amount of hydrogen by using a combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolyzing water, and It relates to that method.

The following patent document discloses a technique in which superheated steam is generated by a combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, thereby heat-treating garbage / waste, and further utilizing surplus thermal energy for power generation.
JP 2003-164831 A JP 2003-202105 A

  However, the above heat treatment is exclusively due to an oxidation reaction, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide. In addition, hydrogen is combined with carbon generated by heat treatment to generate hydrocarbons, or is combined again with oxygen in the air to become water vapor. There is no particular application of such hydrocarbons or water vapor, and therefore effective use of hydrogen has not been achieved with the current technology.

  The object of the present invention is to produce hydrogen by reacting methane gas obtained from organic matter with hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolyzing water, while heat treatment of dust and the like using the combustion heat of hydrogen and oxygen. An object of the present invention is to provide a water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus and method that can be used.

  A hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to the present invention includes a biogas generating means for generating biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and a reaction furnace connected to the biogas generating means for introducing the biogas into the inside. Water oxygen gas generating means for electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, a gas burner connected to the water oxygen gas generating means and combusting the mixture in the reaction furnace, A carbon dioxide removing means connected to the inside of the reaction furnace and capable of absorbing carbon dioxide, and in the process of burning the gas mixture, the gas burner induces a reaction between the biogas and the gas mixture, and the carbon dioxide The removing means absorbs carbon dioxide in the combustion gas generated based on the reaction.

  Further, the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to the present invention includes a biogas generating means for generating biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, a reactor having an open exhaust port, and pressurizing the biogas. Biogas injection means for injecting the inside of the reactor, water oxygen gas generation means for electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, and the water oxygen gas generation means connected to the water oxygen gas generation means A gas burner to be burned inside the reaction furnace; and a turbine generator connected to an exhaust port of the reaction furnace. In the process in which the gas burner burns the mixture, the reaction between the biogas and the mixture is performed. The combustion generator containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the combustion gas that is induced and generated based on the reaction is ejected from the exhaust port of the reaction furnace to rotate the turbine generator. To.

  Furthermore, the water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to the present invention includes carbon dioxide removing means for absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion gas obtained by rotating the turbine generator.

  The method of using water oxygen gas combustion according to the present invention includes a step of generating a biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, a step of electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, and the mixture Introducing the biogas into an atmosphere in which the air-fuel mixture burns while burning the gas, generating a combustion gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a reaction between the combusted air-fuel mixture and the biogas, and Separating hydrogen from the components of the combustion gas.

  Further, the method of using water oxygen gas combustion according to the present invention includes a step of introducing an organic combustion residue into an atmosphere in which the air-fuel mixture burns, and a step of heat-treating the combustion residue with combustion heat generated by the air-fuel mixture. And a step of discharging the combustion residue from the atmosphere.

  Further, the method of using water oxygen gas combustion according to the present invention includes a step of generating biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, a step of electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, Injecting the biogas and water into an atmosphere in which the air-fuel mixture burns while combusting the air-fuel mixture, and includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen due to a reaction of the air-fuel mixture, the biogas, and water The method includes a step of generating combustion gas, and a step of rotating a turbine generator by the combustion gas.

  Furthermore, the water oxygen gas combustion utilization method according to the present invention includes a step of separating hydrogen as a component of the combustion gas in the process of condensing the combustion gas.

  Furthermore, the water oxygen gas combustion utilization method according to the present invention is characterized in that the biogas is generated by fermenting organic matter. Alternatively, the water oxygen gas combustion method according to the present invention is characterized in that the biogas is generated by injecting water vapor into the biomass.

  A water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to the present invention introduces a biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor into a reaction furnace, and burns a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen obtained by electrolyzing water. This induces a reaction between the biogas and the gas mixture inside the combustion furnace. By this reaction, in addition to carbon dioxide, hydrogen corresponding to 4 times (molar ratio) of hydrogen contained in the initial gas mixture can be generated. Therefore, if carbon dioxide removal means absorbs only carbon dioxide, high purity hydrogen Can be separated. As described above, high-purity hydrogen can be produced in large quantities simply by preparing water for electrolysis and methane gas that can be easily procured. In addition to simplifying the hydrogen production process, The manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.

  Further, according to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to the present invention, the gas burner induces a reaction between the biogas and the air-fuel mixture in the process of burning the air-fuel mixture, and the combustion gas generated based on this reaction is generated in the reactor. The pressure and temperature rise (constant volume) inside, and ejected from the exhaust port of the reactor. The steam contained in the combustion gas is superheated steam and becomes an extremely high-speed fluid in the process of expansion. Therefore, the turbine generator can be rotated well by the kinetic energy of the steam to generate electric power.

  Furthermore, if the carbon dioxide removing means is configured to absorb carbon dioxide in the combustion gas, high-purity hydrogen can be produced in large quantities, and the above-described effects can be achieved.

  According to the water oxygen gas combustion utilization method according to the present invention, a biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor is introduced into the combustion atmosphere while burning an air-fuel mixture generated by electrolyzing water. Then, by reacting the air-fuel mixture and the biogas in the combustion process, combustion gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be generated. High-purity hydrogen can be separated by absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion gas in an absorbent such as calcium carbonate. The amount of hydrogen obtained by the separation reaches 4 times (molar ratio) of hydrogen contained in the initial gas mixture.

  Therefore, high-purity hydrogen can be produced in large quantities simply by preparing water for electrolysis and methane gas that can be easily procured. In addition to simplifying the hydrogen production process, the production cost of hydrogen can be reduced. Significant reduction can be achieved.

  Furthermore, according to the method for utilizing water oxygen gas according to the present invention, combustion residues (inorganic salts) remaining as ash after incineration of combustible organic substances called so-called garbage are generated by electrolyzing water. Since the mixed gas mixture is put into a strong oxidizing atmosphere at the time of combustion and the combustion residue is heat-treated by the high heat accompanying this combustion, further decomposition of the combustion residue or change in the mode can be promoted. For example, when the combustion residue once melted by the high heat is cooled again, it solidifies and shrinks. In this state, the fuel residue does not become unnecessarily bulky, which makes it easy to handle and convenient to transport. Moreover, if the solidified fuel residue is pulverized, it can be easily returned to the soil.

  Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the concern that the combustion environment is adversely affected by discarding a large amount of combustion residues. Moreover, in order to dispose of unnecessarily bulky combustion residues as in the past, for example, construction of a large landfill site or transportation of a large amount of fuel residue to such landfill site is saved. Can do.

  According to the water oxygen gas combustion utilization method according to the present invention, while burning an air-fuel mixture generated by electrolyzing water, in addition to the biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, in the combustion atmosphere By injecting water and reacting the air-fuel mixture, biogas and water in the above combustion process, combustion gas containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be generated. The steam contained in the combustion gas is superheated steam and becomes a very high-speed fluid in the process of expansion. Therefore, the turbine generator can be rotated well by the kinetic energy of the steam to generate electric power. The power generated by the power generation can be used for any purpose, but part of it can be used as power for water electrolysis.

  Furthermore, you may comprise so that the carbon dioxide in a combustion gas may be absorbed in an absorber like calcium carbonate in the process of condensing a combustion gas. In this case, since the amount of hydrogen that can be separated from the combustion gas reaches four times (molar ratio) of hydrogen contained in the initial gas mixture, the above-described effects can be achieved.

  Furthermore, according to the method of using hydro-oxygen gas according to the present invention, so-called raw garbage is collected as an organic substance, biogas is generated simply by fermentation, and methane gas contained therein can be used. Almost no cost is spent on production. Alternatively, since biogas is generated by injecting water vapor into biomass, methane can be supplied more stably than when methane is obtained from so-called garbage. As a result, methane required for this can be quickly and reliably procured in accordance with the amount of hydrogen produced or the increase or decrease in generated power.

  Hereinafter, as an embodiment according to the present invention, in addition to a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen having a molar ratio of 2 to 1 produced by electrolyzing water (hereinafter abbreviated as “water oxygen gas”), methane gas The technology related to hydrogen production, waste treatment, and power generation using the power generation will be explained in order.

  As schematically shown in FIG. 1, a hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 10 of Example 1 is connected to a biogas generation means 1 that generates biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and to the biogas generation means 1. The reaction furnace 2 for introducing biogas into the inside, the water oxygen gas generation means 3 for electrolyzing water to generate water oxygen gas, and the water oxygen gas connected to the water oxygen gas generation means 3 are supplied to the reaction furnace 2. A gas burner 4 for burning inside and a carbon dioxide removing means 5 connected to the inside of the reaction furnace 2 and capable of absorbing carbon dioxide are provided.

  The biogas generating means 1 is a sealed fermentation tank into which organic substances can be charged, and sends methane gas and steam generated as the above-described fermentation of raw garbage proceeds to the reaction furnace 2 as biogas. Here, the organic substance widely means flammable waste called so-called garbage that is discharged from homes and the like. The reaction furnace 2 is mainly composed of a container provided with an introduction path 21 and an exhaust port 22 for introducing biogas while allowing the gas burner 4 to penetrate the side wall thereof. Although the detailed illustration of the water oxygen gas generating means 3 is omitted, water is introduced into an electrolytic cell equipped with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a potential difference is applied to the positive electrode and the negative electrode so that the water is electrically discharged. By decomposing, water oxygen gas is generated. The water oxygen gas reaches the gas burner 4 from the water oxygen gas generating means 3 in a state where hydrogen and oxygen are mixed. The gas burner 4 is shown in the drawing, and the ignition device, the backfire prevention tool, the flow rate adjusting valve, the on-off valve, and the like are not shown.

  According to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 10, in the process in which hydro-oxygen gas is burned by the gas burner 4, the heat of combustion of hydro-oxygen gas induces a reaction between biogas and hydro-oxygen gas and is generated based on this reaction. The carbon dioxide removal means 5 can absorb the carbon dioxide to be performed. Details are as follows.

  First, the organic substance exemplified above is put into the biogas generating means 1, and when the predetermined time has elapsed, the fermentation of the organic substance proceeds to gradually generate the biogas. When the amount of biogas generated increases and the biogas accumulated in the biogas generation means 1 reaches a predetermined pressure, the biogas is ejected from the biogas generation means 1 into the reaction furnace 2. As described above, so-called raw garbage is collected as an organic substance, and methane gas, which is a component of biogas that can be easily obtained by simply fermenting it, is used. Therefore, almost no cost is spent for producing methane. On the other hand, water is electrolyzed by the water / oxygen gas generating means 3 to generate water / oxygen gas composed of hydrogen and oxygen. The water oxygen gas is burned while being injected from the gas burner 4 into the reaction furnace 2. The combustion of water oxygen gas is a strong oxidation reaction reaching 2,000 to 3,000 degrees Celsius. Further, since this combustion proceeds without consuming oxygen in the air, it is not necessary to supply air into the reaction furnace 2.

  The temperature inside the reaction furnace 2 rapidly rises due to the combustion heat of the water-oxygen gas described above, and at the same time, the inside of the reaction furnace 2 is filled with the superheated steam generated by the combustion of the water-oxygen gas. In the reactor 2 described above, hydrogen and oxygen, which are components of water oxygen gas, react directly with each other to generate superheated steam, and the superheated steam is mixed with biogas, After the methane contained in the biogas is oxidized by the combustion heat of the gas, a combustion gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is generated. If the above reaction is continued, the pressure inside the reaction furnace 2 increases, so that the combustion gas is discharged (expanded) to the outside of the reaction furnace 2 through the exhaust port 22. Further, carbon dioxide in the combustion gas is absorbed by the carbon dioxide removing means 5. Thereby, only high purity hydrogen can be separated from the combustion gas.

  As the carbon dioxide removing means 5, an aqueous solution of calcium carbonate stored in a water tank may be applied. In this case, rapid and reliable absorption of carbon dioxide can be promoted by passing the combustion gas in the form of fine bubbles through the aqueous solution of calcium carbonate. Alternatively, only hydrogen as a component of the combustion gas may be absorbed by the hydrogen storage alloy to separate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and then hydrogen may be reversibly discharged from the hydrogen storage alloy.

  The amount of hydrogen produced through the above steps reaches four times (molar ratio) that of hydrogen contained in the first hydro-oxygen gas. Therefore, according to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 10, high-purity hydrogen can be produced in large quantities simply by preparing water for electrolysis and methane gas that can be easily procured. In addition to simplification, hydrogen production costs can be significantly reduced.

  FIG. 2 shows an outline of the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 20 of the second embodiment. The elements already described as the configuration of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 20 according to the second embodiment is configured such that the combustion residue 6 can be introduced into the bottom of the reaction furnace 2. The combustion residue 6 is inorganic salts such as ash remaining after incineration of organic matter such as so-called garbage. In the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization device 20, a pair of gas burners 4 are arranged on both side walls of the reaction furnace 2 in order to increase the amount of heat that can be supplied into the reaction furnace 2. The water oxygen gas generated by the water oxygen gas generating means 3 branches through the distributor 31 and is equally distributed to the pair of gas burners 4.

  As a means for generating biogas, the same configuration as in the first embodiment may be applied, but in the second embodiment, the biogas generating means 11 is applied. The biogas generation means 11 promotes fermentation of biomass and generates a large amount of carbon dioxide by supplying an appropriate amount of warm water to the biomass. The hot water uses a part of water heated in the process of being electrolyzed by the water oxygen gas generating means 3. Moreover, it is preferable that warm water is injected toward biomass using the compressor 12. Biomass is a solidified organic substance. When such a biomass is applied as a raw material for biogas, it is easier to artificially control the fermentation rate of high-concentration organic matter contained in so-called raw garbage as a raw material. Is advantageous in that it is convenient to store, transport and handle during weighing. As described above, the biogas generated as the fermentation of biomass proceeds is sent to the reactor 2.

  According to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 20, the combustion residue 6 is put into a strong oxidizing atmosphere when the water-oxygen gas is burned, and the combustion residue 6 is heated by the high-temperature combustion heat accompanying the combustion of the water-oxygen gas. It can be treated to promote further decomposition of the combustion residue 6 or a change in mode. For example, when the combustion residue 6 is melted by high-temperature combustion heat, taken out from the reaction furnace 2 and then cooled again, the combustion residue 6 is solidified and contracts. This mode is called a vitrified product. Since the vitrified material 7 shown in the figure is solidified and contracted as described above, it is hardly bulky even if taken out as slag from the reaction furnace 2, and its handling is extremely easy. Moreover, since the vitrified material 7 is solid, it is convenient to transport it. If the vitrified material 7 is pulverized, it can be returned to the soil in a short period of time.

  Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the concern of having a bad influence on the natural environment by dumping a large amount of the combustion residue 6. In addition, it is possible to save a large amount of labor such as discarding or transporting the unnecessarily bulky combustion residue 6 as in the prior art. Moreover, the combustion heat of the reaction furnace 2 can be used, for example, as a heat source for heat retention for promoting fermentation of biomass, or as a heat source for a residual heat boiler.

  As schematically shown in FIG. 3, the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus 30 of the third embodiment includes a biogas generating means 1, a reaction furnace 2 having an exhaust port 22 through which combustion gas can be ejected at high speed, and a biogas. Biogas injection means 13 that pressurizes and injects the water into the reaction furnace 2, water oxygen gas generation means 3, water supply means 32 that pressurizes the hot water and injects it into the reaction furnace 2, the gas burner 4, and the reaction The turbine generator 8 connected to the exhaust port 22 of the furnace 2 and the above-described carbon dioxide removing means 5 not shown in the figure are provided. The biogas injection means 13 is a compressor that pumps the biogas generated by the biogas generation means 1 to the reaction furnace 2. The water supply means 32 is a compressor that pumps a part of water heated in the process of being electrolyzed by the water oxygen gas generation means 3 toward the inside of the reaction furnace 2.

  According to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization device 30, the gas burner 4 induces a reaction between the biogas and the hydro-oxygen gas in the process of burning the hydro-oxygen gas, and combustion including carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated based on this reaction The gas generator is configured to rotate the turbine generator 8 by being ejected as working gas from the exhaust port 22 of the reaction furnace 2. Details are as follows.

  That is, the water oxygen gas combustion utilization device 30 burns the water oxygen gas generated by the biogas generation means 1 inside the reaction furnace 2, and biogas injection means 13 in the combustion atmosphere. In addition to injecting gas, since water is injected by the water supply means 32, water can be further reacted in addition to the water oxygen gas and biogas in the above combustion process. By this reaction, working gas containing water vapor, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is generated inside the reaction furnace 2. The water vapor contained in the working gas is superheated steam. Therefore, since the steam becomes an extremely high-speed fluid in the process of expanding, the turbine generator 8 can be rotated well by the kinetic energy ejected from the exhaust port 22 to generate electric power.

  The electric power obtained by the above power generation can be used for all purposes, but a part of the electric power can be used as electric power that the water oxygen gas generating means 3 provides for electrolysis of water. Furthermore, in the process of condensing the working gas, carbon dioxide as a component of the working gas may be absorbed by a carbon dioxide absorbing means not shown in the figure. In this case, the amount of hydrogen that can be separated from the working gas reaches four times (molar ratio) that of hydrogen contained in the first hydro-oxygen gas, so that the effects described above can be achieved.

  According to the hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus and method therefor according to the present invention, so-called raw garbage and the like discarded from homes and the like can be effectively used as organic matter, and furthermore, biogas and water obtained by fermenting organic matter By reacting with oxygen gas, high-purity hydrogen can be produced at low cost. In addition, the incineration residue still left after incineration of raw garbage etc. is heated and melted by the high heat radiated in the process of reacting biogas and water oxygen gas, making it easy to dispose of the incineration residue. can do.

  In addition, since the high-pressure steam generated by the reaction between biogas and water oxygen gas can be used for power generation, the electric power obtained by this can be used as an energy source for facilities installed with the water oxygen gas combustion utilization device, for example. Alternatively, the water used for the generation of the water oxygen gas may be electrolyzed using surplus power.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Schematic of the water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. Schematic of the water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. Schematic of the water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Biogas generation means 2: Reactor 3: Water oxygen gas generation means 4: Gas burner 5: Carbon dioxide removal means 6: Combustion residue 7: Vitrified material 8: Turbine generator 10, 20, 30: Utilization of water oxygen gas combustion Device 11: Biogas generation means 22: Exhaust port 32: Water supply means

Claims (9)

Biogas generation means for generating biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; a reactor connected to the biogas generation means for introducing the biogas into the interior; A water-oxygen gas generating means for generating a gas mixture, a gas burner connected to the water-oxygen gas generating means and combusting the gas mixture inside the reactor, and connected to the reactor to absorb carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide removal means,
In the process in which the gas burner burns the air-fuel mixture, a reaction between the biogas and the air-fuel mixture is induced, and the carbon dioxide removal means absorbs carbon dioxide in the combustion gas generated based on the reaction. A water oxygen gas combustion utilization device. Biogas generating means for generating biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; a reaction furnace having an exhaust port open; and a biogas injection means for pressurizing the biogas and injecting it into the reaction furnace; Water oxygen gas generating means for electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, a gas burner connected to the water oxygen gas generating means and combusting the mixture in the reactor, and the reactor A turbine generator connected to the exhaust port of the
In the process in which the gas burner burns the air-fuel mixture, a reaction between the biogas and the air-fuel mixture is induced, and a combustion gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the combustion gas generated based on the reaction is the reactor. A hydro-oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus, wherein the turbine generator is rotated by being ejected from an exhaust port of the water.   The water oxygen gas combustion utilization apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising carbon dioxide removal means for absorbing carbon dioxide in the combustion gas obtained by rotating the turbine generator.   A step of generating a biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; a step of electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen; and an atmosphere in which the mixture is burned while burning the mixture Introducing the biogas into the combustion gas, generating the combustion gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen by the reaction of the combustion gas mixture and the biogas, and separating the hydrogen from the components of the combustion gas A method for using water oxygen gas combustion, comprising:   A step of introducing an organic combustion residue into an atmosphere in which the air-fuel mixture burns, a step of heat-treating the combustion residue with combustion heat of combustion of the air-fuel mixture, and a step of discharging the combustion residue from the atmosphere The method according to claim 4, further comprising:   A step of generating a biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor; a step of electrolyzing water to generate a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen; and an atmosphere in which the mixture is burned while burning the mixture A step of injecting the biogas and water, a step of generating a combustion gas containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a reaction of the combusted air-fuel mixture, the biogas and water, and a turbine power generation by the combustion gas. And a method of rotating and using the water oxygen gas combustion method.   The method according to claim 6, further comprising a step of separating hydrogen as a component of the combustion gas in the process of condensing the combustion gas.   The method according to claim 4, wherein the biogas is generated by fermenting an organic substance.   The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the biogas is generated by injecting water vapor into the biomass.

Images