JP2012017376A - Organic waste gasification system and organic waste gasification method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the efficiency of gasification of an organic waste containing household garbage, and achieve downsizing and cost reduction.SOLUTION: An organic waste gasification system includes a pretreatment apparatus 1 to execute a hydrolysis treatment to decompose an organic waste 501 to an organic material 502 while the organic waste 501 is being dried by sending steam 101 to a treatment tank 11 accommodating the organic waste 501, a thermal decomposition apparatus 2 to generate a thermally decomposed gas 201 by executing a thermal decomposition gasification treatment on the organic material 502 while a normal pressure overheated steam 102 is sent to a thermal decomposition tank 21 accommodating the organic material 502 and the interior of the thermal decomposition tank 21 is being maintained in a low-oxygen state or oxygen-free, and a gas reforming apparatus 3 to execute a hydrogen-oxygen reforming treatment to reform the thermally decomposed gas 201 to a hydrogen-rich gas 202 through a hydrogen-oxygen reforming reaction by sending a hydrogen-oxygen gas 103 and the thermally decomposed gas 201 to a gas reforming tank 31.

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic waste gasification system and an organic waste gasification method for gasifying organic waste mainly composed of household waste.

  As this type of organic waste gasification system, an organic waste gasification device disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4363960 is known. This gasifier has a pyrolysis region for pyrolyzing organic waste in one container and a reforming region for reforming pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of organic waste. The organic waste is gasified. When gasifying organic waste using this gasifier, the moisture content is 50% by weight by natural drying after pulverizing wood or the like as organic waste to 1 mm to 15 cm by coarse pulverization. Adjust to: Next, organic waste is introduced into the pyrolysis region of the gasifier. Subsequently, a solid heat medium such as alumina balls heated by a heating means provided outside the gasification furnace is heated in a state where the pyrolysis region is brought into a non-oxidizing atmosphere by sending an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium. It heats so that the temperature of a thermal decomposition area | region may become 500 to 600 degreeC by throwing into a decomposition | disassembly area | region. At this time, the organic waste is thermally decomposed by this heating, and pyrolysis gas is generated. In this case, the pressure in the thermal decomposition region is maintained within the range of 0.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa.

  Next, a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is introduced into the reforming region, and steam having a temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressure of 0.9 MPa is supplied to the reforming region. At this time, the pyrolysis gas and steam react to reform the pyrolysis gas into a gas rich in hydrogen (hydrogen-rich gas). Further, using the electric heater, the temperature of the reforming region is maintained within a range of 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the pressure of the thermal decomposition region is maintained within a range of 0.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa.

Japanese Patent No. 4363960 (page 4-5, Fig. 1)

  However, the conventional gasifier described above has the following problems to be solved. That is, in this gasification apparatus, when wood as organic waste is pyrolyzed and gasified, the moisture content is reduced to 50% by weight or less by natural drying after pulverizing wood etc. as a pretreatment for pyrolysis. It needs to be adjusted. On the other hand, organic waste mainly made from household waste contains more water (for example, about 60% by weight) than organic waste made mainly from wood. It is clear from the analysis results. For this reason, when organic waste mainly composed of household waste is gasified by the above gasifier, it is difficult to adjust the moisture content to a target of 50% by weight or less only by natural drying as pretreatment. In some cases, thermal decomposition is not performed efficiently, or a large amount of residue is generated in the thermal decomposition, which may hinder subsequent processing. In the above gasifier, when reforming the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis, the temperature of the reforming region is maintained at a high temperature of 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C. to react the pyrolysis gas and steam. Therefore, in addition to the necessity of a gasification furnace having sufficient durability, it is necessary to provide a heating device having a large capacity. For this reason, the gasifier becomes large-scale and there is a problem that initial cost and running cost increase.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is an organic waste gas that can be reduced in size and cost while improving the efficiency of gasification of organic waste mainly composed of household waste. The main object is to provide a gasification system and an organic waste gasification method.

  In order to achieve the above object, an organic waste gasification system according to claim 1 is provided with a pretreatment device that performs pretreatment on organic waste, and heat on the organic waste after the pretreatment. A pyrolysis device that generates a pyrolysis gas by performing a cracking gasification process, and a gas reforming device that performs a gas reforming process on the pyrolysis gas, and gasifies the organic waste In the organic waste gasification system, the pretreatment device includes a treatment tank and a steam generator, and the steam generated by the steam generator is contained in the treatment tank containing the organic waste. A hydrolyzing process is carried out as the pretreatment, and the organic waste is decomposed into an organic material while drying the organic waste, and the thermal decomposition apparatus includes a thermal decomposition tank and a superheated steam generator, Organic materials as organic waste The superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator is sent to the housed pyrolysis tank, and the inside of the pyrolysis tank is maintained in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state to execute the pyrolysis gasification process, The gas reformer includes a gas reforming tank in which a catalyst for water oxygen reforming reaction is housed and a water oxygen gas generator, the water oxygen gas generated by the water oxygen gas generator and the water oxygen gas generator A hydro-oxygen gas reforming process is performed as the gas reforming process, in which a pyrolysis gas is sent into the gas reforming tank and the pyrolysis gas is reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas by a water-oxygen reforming reaction.

  The organic waste gasification system according to claim 2 uses a calcium oxide catalyst as the catalyst for the water oxygen reforming reaction in the organic waste gasification system according to claim 1.

  Further, an organic waste gasification system according to claim 3 is the organic waste gasification system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a gas generator that generates electric power using the hydrogen-rich gas, and the superheated steam A generator produces | generates the said superheated steam using the waste water generated with the electric power generation by the said gas generator.

  Furthermore, the organic waste gasification system according to claim 4 is the organic waste gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steam generator is configured to perform the pyrolysis gasification process. The residue of the organic material generated in the step is used as a fuel for generating the water vapor.

  Moreover, the organic waste gasification method according to claim 5 performs pretreatment on the organic waste, and performs pyrolysis gasification treatment on the organic waste after the pretreatment. An organic waste gasification method for generating pyrolysis gas and gasifying the organic waste by performing a gas reforming process on the pyrolysis gas, containing the organic waste A hydrolyzing process for decomposing the organic waste into an organic material by sending water vapor into the treated tank is performed as the pretreatment, and the organic material as the organic waste after the pretreatment is accommodated. Superheated steam is sent into the pyrolysis tank, and the pyrolysis gasification process is performed while maintaining the inside of the pyrolysis tank in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state. Hydro-oxygen gas and the thermal decomposition in the gas reforming tank accommodated By feeding the scan performing water oxygen reforming reaction water oxygen gas reforming process for reforming the thermal decomposed gas into hydrogen-rich gas by as the gas reforming process.

  The organic waste gasification method according to claim 6 is the organic waste gasification method according to claim 5, wherein a calcium oxide catalyst is used as the catalyst for the water oxygen reforming reaction.

  Further, the organic waste gasification method according to claim 7 is the organic waste gasification method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the organic waste gasification method is generated by using waste water generated by power generation using the hydrogen-rich gas. The superheated steam is used for the pyrolysis gasification treatment.

  The organic waste gasification method according to claim 8 is the organic waste gasification method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the organic material generated during the pyrolysis gasification treatment is used. The residue is used as a fuel for generating the water vapor.

  According to the organic waste gasification system according to claim 1 and the organic waste gasification method according to claim 5, water vapor is fed into a treatment tank containing the organic waste, and the organic waste is removed. An organic system mainly composed of household waste with a high water content (for example, a water content of about 60% by weight) by performing a hydrolysis treatment that decomposes into an organic material while drying as a pretreatment for pyrolysis gasification treatment Since waste can be decomposed into organic materials with a sufficiently low moisture content (for example, a moisture content of about 20% by weight), compared with a configuration and method in which only natural drying is performed as a pretreatment, household waste is reduced. It is possible to efficiently gasify the main organic waste.

  In addition, according to the organic waste gasification system and the organic waste gasification method, superheated steam is fed into the pyrolysis tank containing the organic material so that the inside of the pyrolysis tank is in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state. By carrying out the pyrolysis gasification process while maintaining the temperature, the organic material is pyrolyzed using a pyrolysis tank having a relatively simple configuration without using a pyrolysis tank having high heat resistance and high pressure resistance. In addition, since a heating device for heating the inside of the pyrolysis tank can be eliminated, the downsizing and cost reduction of the pyrolysis device can be achieved. In addition, since pyrolysis gasification treatment can be performed in a pyrolysis tank in a low oxygen state (or an oxygen-free state), generation of environmental impact substances such as dioxins can be reliably suppressed.

  Further, according to this organic waste gasification system and organic waste gasification method, water oxygen gas and pyrolysis gas are introduced into a gas reforming tank in which a catalyst for water oxygen reforming reaction is housed. By carrying out a water oxygen gas reforming process that reforms the pyrolysis gas into a hydrogen rich gas by a water oxygen reforming reaction, a relatively simple configuration is achieved without using a gas reforming tank having high heat resistance. Pyrolysis gas can be reformed using a gas reforming tank, and a heating device for heating the inside of the gas reforming tank can be dispensed with, so the gas reforming apparatus can be reduced in size and cost. Can be achieved. Therefore, according to the organic waste gasification system and the organic waste gasification method, combined with downsizing and cost reduction of the thermal decomposition apparatus, the organic waste gasification system as a whole Downsizing and sufficient cost reduction can be realized.

  Further, according to the organic waste gasification system according to claim 2 and the organic waste gasification method according to claim 6, by using a calcium oxide catalyst as a catalyst for the water oxygen reforming reaction, Since the water-oxygen reforming reaction performed at a relatively low temperature can be promoted, the efficiency of the water-oxygen gas reforming process can be sufficiently increased.

  Moreover, according to the organic waste gasification system according to claim 3 and the organic waste gasification method according to claim 7, the organic waste gasification method is generated using the waste water generated by the power generation using the hydrogen rich gas. By using superheated steam for pyrolysis gasification treatment, the power used in each treatment of organic waste gasification system and organic waste gasification method is covered by power generation using hydrogen-rich gas. Since the generated thermal energy of the waste water can also be used as an energy source for gasification, effective use of energy can be promoted.

  Furthermore, according to the organic waste gasification system according to claim 4 and the organic waste gasification method according to claim 8, water vapor is generated from the residue of the organic material generated during the pyrolysis gasification treatment. By using it as a fuel, it is possible to consume the residue in the gasification system and in each process of the organic waste gasification method without discharging the residue as waste, thus further promoting the effective use of resources. be able to. Moreover, since it is not necessary to dispose the residue as a waste by landfilling or the like, it can contribute to environmental protection.

1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of an organic waste gasification system 100. FIG. FIG. 3 is a process diagram illustrating the flow of each process executed by the organic waste gasification system 100. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a gas reforming tank 31. FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an organic waste gasification system and an organic waste gasification method will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  First, the configuration of the organic waste gasification system 100 (hereinafter also referred to as “gasification system 100”) shown in FIGS. The gasification system 100 is a system that generates gas from organic waste (especially organic waste mainly composed of household waste) 501 (that is, gasifies organic waste), and is shown in FIG. As described above, the pretreatment device 1, the thermal decomposition device 2, the gas reforming device 3, the gas purification device 4, the gas storage tank 5, and the gas generator 6 are provided. Further, the gasification system 100 supplies power to the carry-in pit 7 that receives the carried-in organic waste 501, the conveyor 8 disposed between the carry-in pit 7 and the pretreatment device 1, each device and equipment. A power supply device (not shown), and auxiliary facilities such as pipes 9a to 9f and a transport mechanism 10 disposed between the devices and facilities are provided.

  The pretreatment device 1 is an organic material in a state in which an organic waste 501 can be decomposed and an efficient pyrolysis gasification treatment can be performed as a pretreatment of a later-described pyrolysis gasification treatment executed by the pyrolysis device 2. A hydrolysis process (hydrothermal treatment) of 502 is performed (see FIG. 2). Specifically, the pretreatment apparatus 1 includes a treatment tank 11 and a steam generator (boiler) 12 as shown in FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the treatment tank 11 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as an example, and is configured to be able to accommodate the organic waste 501. In addition, an opening 11 a for accommodating the organic waste 501 that is carried into the carry-in pit 7 and conveyed by the conveyor 8 is provided in the upper part of the treatment tank 11. In addition, an opening 11 b for feeding the water vapor 101 generated by the water vapor generator 12 into the processing tank 11 is provided on one side of the processing tank 11. Furthermore, an opening 11c for sending out the organic material 502 (the organic waste 501 after the pretreatment) is provided on the other side of the treatment tank 11.

  The steam generator 12 generates steam 101 at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. The steam 101 generated by the steam generator 12 is sent into the processing tank 11 from the opening portion 11b through a pipe 9a (see FIG. 1) disposed between the processing tank 11 and the steam generator 12. Used for hydrolysis treatment. In addition, the steam generator 12 uses heavy oil as a main fuel, and also uses a residue 503 of the organic waste 501 generated during the pyrolysis gasification process performed by the pyrolysis apparatus 2 as an auxiliary fuel. It is configured to be possible.

  The thermal decomposition apparatus 2 generates a thermal decomposition gas 201 by performing a thermal decomposition gasification process on the organic material 502 (the organic waste 501 after the pretreatment) (see FIG. 2). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 includes a thermal decomposition tank 21 and an atmospheric pressure superheated steam generator 22.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the pyrolysis tank 21 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as an example, and is configured to accommodate the organic material 502. In addition, an opening 21 a for accommodating the organic material 502 conveyed by the conveyance mechanism 10 from the opening 11 c of the processing tank 11 in the processing tank 11 is provided on one side of the pyrolysis tank 21. . In addition, an opening 21 b for sending out the pyrolysis gas 201 generated by the pyrolysis gasification process is provided in the upper part of the pyrolysis tank 21. Furthermore, an opening 21 c for sending the normal pressure superheated steam 102 generated by the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 into the pyrolysis tank 21 is provided on the other side of the pyrolysis tank 21.

  The normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 is an example of a superheated steam generator. By heating the steam 101 generated by the steam generator 12, the normal pressure superheated steam 102 (superheated steam of 400 ° C to 600 ° C) is heated. Example). The normal pressure superheated steam 102 generated by the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 is opened through a pipe 9b (see FIG. 1) disposed between the pyrolysis tank 21 and the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22. It is sent into the pyrolysis tank 21 from 21c and used for pyrolysis gasification treatment. In addition, the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 uses exhaust hot water 203 discharged from a gas generator 6 described later as a heat source when the steam 101 is heated to generate the normal pressure superheated steam 102.

  The gas reforming apparatus 3 performs a hydro-oxygen gas reforming process as a gas reforming process on the pyrolysis gas 201 generated by the pyrolysis gasification process performed by the gas reforming apparatus 3. Is reformed into a hydrogen rich gas 202 containing hydrogen in a high ratio (for example, the composition ratio of hydrogen molecules is 40 mol% or more) (see FIG. 2). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the gas reforming apparatus 3 includes a gas reforming tank 31 and a water oxygen gas generator 32.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the gas reforming tank 31 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as an example, and is configured to accommodate the pyrolysis gas 201. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the upper part of the gas reforming tank 31, the pyrolysis gas 201 sent out from the opening 21 b of the pyrolysis tank 21 through the pipe 9 c is sent into the gas reforming tank 31. An opening 31a is provided. Further, as shown in the figure, an opening for feeding the water oxygen gas 103 generated by the water oxygen gas generator 32 into the reaction region 31 d in the gas reforming tank 31 is provided at the side of the pyrolysis tank 21. 31b, 31b, 31b are provided. Further, an opening 31 c for sending out the hydrogen rich gas 202 reformed by the water oxygen gas reforming process is provided in the lower part of the gas reforming tank 31.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a catalyst 41 for water-oxygen reforming reaction is accommodated in the reaction region 31 d in the gas reforming tank 31. In the gas reforming tank 31, a calcium oxide catalyst is used as the catalyst 41 for the water oxygen reforming reaction. In this case, as shown in the figure, for example, the catalyst 41 is accommodated in a reaction region 31d in the gas reforming tank 31 in a state where it is coated on a plate having a large number of holes or a net-like member. Yes. In addition, a filter 42a for rectifying the pyrolysis gas 201 sent from the opening 31a side while purifying (dust removal) is disposed on the upper side in the gas reforming tank 31. Further, a filter 42b for rectifying while purifying (dust removing) the reformed hydrogen rich gas 202 is disposed on the lower side inside the gas reforming tank 31. In this case, as an example, the filters 42a and 42b are formed of a ceramic honeycomb which is a ceramic porous body having a large number of holes and forming a honeycomb shape.

  The water oxygen gas generator 32 generates water oxygen gas 103 (also known as brown gas, atomic hydrogen gas, HHO gas, ZET gas, CP gas, E & E gas, aqua gas, etc.). The water oxygen gas 103 generated by the water oxygen gas generator 32 is opened through a pipe 9d (see FIGS. 1 and 3) disposed between the gas reforming tank 31 and the water oxygen gas generator 32. It is sent from 31b to the reaction region 31d in the gas reforming tank 31 and used for the water oxygen gas reforming process. The water oxygen gas 103 is a gas in which atomic state (non-molecular state) hydrogen and atomic oxygen are mixed at a ratio of 2: 1, and is generated by electrolysis of water.

  As an example, the gas purification device 4 includes a gas washer and a filter. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the gas purification device 4 is connected to a gas reforming tank 31 of the gas reforming device 3 through a pipe 9e, and is sent out from an opening 31c of the gas reforming tank 31 to be piped 9e. A gas purification process for purifying the hydrogen rich gas 202 is performed by removing corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from the hydrogen rich gas 202 fed through the gas (see FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 1, the gas storage tank 5 is connected to the gas purification device 4 through a pipe 9 f and stores the hydrogen rich gas 202 purified by the gas purification device 4.

  For example, the gas generator 6 includes one or more of a gas engine, a gas turbine, and a fuel cell, and generates power using the hydrogen rich gas 202 supplied from the gas storage tank 5. In this case, the electric power generated by the gas generator 6 is supplied to each device and facility of the gasification system 100 and consumed by each device and facility. Moreover, the exhausted hot water 203 generated with power generation is sent to the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 and used to generate the normal pressure superheated steam 102 by the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 (see FIG. 2).

  Next, an organic waste gasification method using the gasification system 100 will be described with reference to the drawings with a focus on the contents of processing executed by each component of the gasification system 100.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic waste 501 mainly composed of household waste is transported to a facility where the gasification system 100 is installed by a transportation means such as a truck, and is thrown into the carry-in pit 7. It is temporarily stored in the carry-in pit 7. In this case, the organic waste 501 mainly composed of household waste contains about 60% by weight of moisture in an untreated state (a state accommodated in the treatment tank 11).

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic waste 501 stored in the carry-in pit 7 is conveyed by the conveyor 8 to the opening 11 a provided in the upper part of the processing tank 11 of the pretreatment device 1, and the opening It is accommodated in the processing tank 11 from 11a. During the operation of the gasification system 100, the conveyor 8 conveys the organic waste 501 continuously or intermittently so that the conveyance amount per unit time to the treatment tank 11 becomes a predetermined constant weight. . Thereby, the organic waste 501 of a fixed weight is accommodated in the processing tank 11 per unit time.

  On the other hand, in the gasification system 100 in operation, the steam generator 12 of the pretreatment device 1 generates the steam 101 at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. Moreover, the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 of the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 heats the steam 101 generated by the steam generator 12, thereby generating the normal pressure superheated steam 102 of 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. Further, the water oxygen gas generator 32 of the gas reformer 3 generates the water oxygen gas 103.

  The water vapor 101 generated by the water vapor generator 12 is sent into the treatment tank 11 from the opening 11b through the pipe 9a and raises the temperature in the treatment tank 11. In this case, the temperature and the feed amount of the water vapor 101 are adjusted so that the temperature in the treatment tank 11 is maintained within a range of 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower (preferably about 190 ° C.).

  In the treatment tank 11 into which the water vapor 101 has been sent, a hydrolysis treatment (hydrothermal treatment) is started in which the organic waste 501 is decomposed while being dried by a hydrothermal reaction between the water vapor 101 and the organic waste 501. By continuing this hydrolysis treatment, the water content gradually decreases as the organic waste 501 is decomposed. In this case, the organic waste 501 was retained in the treatment tank 11 for about 30 minutes, and the hydrolysis treatment was continued for about 30 minutes. However, it is decomposed into the organic material 502 whose water content is reduced to about 20% by weight.

  As described above, in the gasification system 100, by performing the hydrolysis treatment as the pretreatment of the pyrolysis gasification treatment, the organic waste 501 having a water content of about 60% by weight has a water content of about 20% by weight. The organic material 502 can be decomposed. For this reason, compared with the structure and method which perform only natural drying as a pre-processing, it is possible to perform the subsequent pyrolysis gasification process efficiently.

  The organic material 502 decomposed by the hydrolysis treatment by the pretreatment apparatus 1 as described above is conveyed to the thermal decomposition tank 21 of the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 by the conveyance mechanism 10 and accommodated in the thermal decomposition tank 21 from the opening 21a. Is done. Moreover, the normal pressure superheated steam 102 produced | generated by the normal pressure superheated steam generator 22 is sent into the thermal decomposition tank 21 from the opening part 21c through the piping 9b, and the temperature in the thermal decomposition tank 21 is raised. In this case, the atmospheric pressure superheated steam is maintained so that the pressure in the pyrolysis tank 21 is maintained in the range of 1 to 3 atmospheres and the temperature in the pyrolysis tank 21 is maintained in the range of 400 to 600 ° C. The temperature of 102 and the feeding amount are adjusted.

  Moreover, air is discharged | emitted with the feeding of the normal pressure superheated steam 102, and the inside of the thermal decomposition tank 21 is maintained in a low oxygen state (or an oxygen-free state). Under this atmosphere, the pyrolysis gasification process in which the organic material 502 is pyrolyzed to generate the pyrolysis gas 201 is performed in the pyrolysis tank 21. In this gasification system 100, the pressure in the pyrolysis tank 21 is maintained within a relatively low range of 1 to 3 atmospheres, and the temperature in the pyrolysis tank 21 is relatively low between 400 ° C. and 600 ° C. Since the pyrolysis gasification process is performed in a state maintained within the temperature range, an organic material is used using the pyrolysis tank 21 having a relatively simple configuration without using a pyrolysis tank having high heat resistance and high pressure resistance. 502 can be thermally decomposed. Moreover, in this gasification system 100, since pyrolysis gasification processing is performed in the pyrolysis tank 21 in a low oxygen state (or an oxygen-free state), generation of environmental impact substances such as dioxins is suppressed.

  By this pyrolysis gasification treatment, about 70% by weight of the organic material 502 is gasified, and about 30% by weight remains as a residue 503. In this case, since the residue 503 is mainly composed of an organic substance, it can be used as an energy source. In this gasification system 100, in order to use the residue 503 as an energy source, the residue 503 is periodically taken out from the thermal decomposition tank 21 and transported to the steam generator 12. The steam generator 12 uses the residue 503 as an auxiliary fuel. Steam 101 is generated. As described above, in the gasification system 100, the residue 503 is not discharged as waste, but is consumed in the gasification system 100, thereby effectively using resources. In addition, since it is not necessary to dispose the residue 503 as waste by landfilling or the like, it is possible to contribute to environmental protection.

  On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas 201 generated by the pyrolysis gasification process is sent out from the opening 21b, and passes through the pipe 9c to change the gas from the opening 31a provided in the gas reforming tank 31 of the gas reforming apparatus 3. It is sent into the mass tank 31 (see FIG. 3). In this case, the pyrolysis gas 201 sent into the gas reforming tank 31 has a temperature of 400 ° C. in the vicinity of the opening 31a.

  The pyrolysis gas 201 sent into the gas reforming tank 31 is rectified while being purified (dust-removed) while passing through the filter 42 a disposed on the upper side inside the gas reforming tank 31. The Further, the pyrolysis gas 201 is cooled while passing through the filter 42a.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the water oxygen gas 103 produced | generated by the water oxygen gas generator 32 is sent into the reaction area | region 31d in the gas reforming tank 31 from the opening part 31b through the piping 9d. In this state, when the pyrolysis gas 201 that has passed through the filter 42a is sent into the reaction region 31d, the water oxygen gas 103 and the pyrolysis gas 201 react (water oxygen reforming reaction), thereby causing pyrolysis. A water oxygen gas reforming process in which the gas 201 is reformed into a hydrogen rich gas 202 containing hydrogen at a high ratio is started. In this case, the hydro-oxygen gas 103 and the pyrolysis gas 201 come into contact with the catalyst 41 accommodated in the reaction region 31d, and the hydro-oxygen reforming reaction is promoted by the action of the catalyst 41.

  The hydrogen-rich gas 202 reformed by the hydro-oxygen gas reforming process is rectified while being purified (dust-removed) while passing through the filter 42b disposed on the lower side inside the gas reforming tank 31. The pyrolysis gas 201 is cooled to a temperature of about 100 ° C. while passing through the filter 42b. In this case, the water oxygen gas reforming treatment is preferably performed within a temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower. For this reason, the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas 201 fed into the gas reforming tank 31 is adjusted so that the temperature in the reaction region 31d is maintained within this range. In addition, the pressure in the gas reforming tank 31 when performing the water-oxygen gas reforming process is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 atm or more and 2 atm or less.

  This gasification system 100 has high heat resistance because the water oxygen gas reforming process is performed in a state where the temperature in the gas reforming tank 31 is maintained within a relatively low temperature range of 200 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less. It is possible to reform the pyrolysis gas 201 using the gas reforming tank 31 having a relatively simple configuration without using the gas reforming tank. Moreover, since it is not necessary to heat the inside of the gas reforming tank 31, a heating device is also unnecessary.

  The hydrogen-rich gas 202 that has passed through the filter 42b of the gas reforming tank 31 is sent out from the opening 31c of the gas reforming tank 31, and is sent into the gas purifier 4 through the pipe 9e (see FIG. 3). The hydrogen-rich gas 202 sent to the gas purification device 4 is purified by removing corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia by the gas washer and filter of the gas purification device 4.

  The hydrogen rich gas 202 purified by the gas purification device 4 is sent to the gas storage tank 5 through the pipe 9f (see FIG. 1) and stored. The hydrogen rich gas 202 stored in the gas storage tank 5 is supplied to the outside of the gasification system 100 and is used, for example, as fuel for a household fuel cell. A part of the hydrogen rich gas 202 stored in the gas storage tank 5 is sent to the gas generator 6. The gas generator 6 generates power using the hydrogen rich gas 202 sent from the gas storage tank 5, and the generated power is supplied to each device of the gasification system 100. Further, the hot water 203 is generated along with the power generation by the gas generator 6. In the gasification system 100, the exhaust warm water 203 is sent to the atmospheric superheated steam generator 22, and the steam generator 12 uses the exhaust warm water 203 as a heat source when generating the atmospheric superheated steam 102.

  By the above, each process and each process for 1 cycle from carrying in organic waste 501 to gasification of organic waste 501 are completed. Thereafter, gasification of the organic waste 501 is continuously performed by each device performing each process and each process continuously.

  As described above, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the hydrolysis treatment performed by sending the water vapor 101 into the treatment tank 11 containing the organic waste 501 is performed by the pyrolysis gasification treatment. By performing the pretreatment, the organic waste 501 having a water content of about 60% by weight can be decomposed into the organic material 502 having a water content of about 20% by weight. Therefore, only natural drying is performed as the pretreatment. Compared with the method, the organic waste 501 mainly composed of household waste can be efficiently gasified.

  Further, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the atmospheric pressure superheated steam 102 is fed into the thermal decomposition tank 21 containing the organic material 502, and the pressure in the thermal decomposition tank 21 is set to 1 atm. The temperature within the range of 3 atm or less is maintained, the temperature in the pyrolysis tank 21 is maintained within the range of 400 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less, and the interior of the pyrolysis tank 21 is maintained in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state. By performing the cracking gasification treatment, the organic material 502 can be pyrolyzed using the pyrolysis tank 21 having a relatively simple configuration without using a pyrolysis tank having high heat resistance and high pressure resistance. At the same time, since a heating device for heating the inside of the thermal decomposition tank 21 can be eliminated, the size and cost of the thermal decomposition device 2 can be reduced. Moreover, since the pyrolysis gasification process can be performed in the pyrolysis tank 21 in a low oxygen state (or an oxygen-free state), generation of environmental impact substances such as dioxins can be reliably suppressed.

  Further, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the water oxygen reforming gas 201 and the pyrolysis gas 201 are contained in the gas reforming tank 31 in which the catalyst 41 for the water oxygen reforming reaction is accommodated. Water oxygen gas reforming treatment for maintaining the temperature in the gas reforming tank 31 in the range of 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower and reforming the pyrolysis gas 201 to the hydrogen rich gas 202 by the water oxygen reforming reaction. By performing the reforming, the pyrolysis gas 201 can be reformed using the gas reforming tank 31 having a relatively simple configuration without using a gas reforming tank having high heat resistance. Since a heating device for heating the inside of the tank 31 can be dispensed with, the gas reforming device 3 can be reduced in size and cost. Therefore, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the gasification system 100 as a whole is sufficiently combined with the downsizing and cost reduction of the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 as described above. Miniaturization and sufficient cost reduction can be realized.

  Further, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the water oxygen reforming performed at a relatively low temperature by using the calcium oxide catalyst 41 as the catalyst for the water oxygen reforming reaction. Since the reaction can be promoted, the efficiency of the water oxygen gas reforming treatment can be sufficiently increased.

  Further, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the pyrolysis gasification treatment is performed on the atmospheric superheated steam 102 generated by using the waste water 203 generated by the power generation using the hydrogen rich gas 202. By using this, the power used in the gasification system 100 is covered by power generation using the hydrogen-rich gas 202, and the thermal energy of the waste water 203 generated by the power generation can also be used as an energy source for gasification. Therefore, effective use of energy can be promoted.

  In addition, according to the gasification system 100 and the organic waste gasification method, the residue 503 is generated as waste by using the residue 503 generated during the pyrolysis gasification process as a fuel when the water vapor 101 is generated. Since it can be consumed in the gasification system 100 without being discharged, effective utilization of resources can be further promoted. Further, since it is not necessary to dispose the residue 503 as waste by landfilling or the like, it can contribute to environmental protection.

  The configuration of the organic waste gasification system and the organic waste gasification method are not limited to the above configuration and method, and can be changed as appropriate. For example, although the example which gasifies the organic waste 501 which mainly consists of household waste was demonstrated, as long as it is organic, wastes, such as establishment-type waste other than household waste, can be gasified. Moreover, although the structure and method using the calcium oxide catalyst 41 have been described above, other catalysts such as nickel catalyst can also be used.

  Moreover, although the structure and method which continuously introduce | transduce the organic waste 501 to the pre-processing apparatus 1 and continuously gasify the organic waste 501 were demonstrated, gasification is discontinuously performed (gasification). The configuration and method can also be employed. In addition, the configuration including the gas generator 6 that generates power using the hydrogen-rich gas 202, that is, the configuration and method for consuming part of the hydrogen-rich gas 202 generated by the gasification system 100 in the gasification system 100 has been described. The configuration and method of supplying all of the generated gasification system 100 to the outside of the gasification system 100 can also be adopted.

  Further, in the above-described configuration and method, the water vapor 101 is generated using the residue 503 generated during the pyrolysis gasification process as an auxiliary fuel. However, the water vapor 101 is generated using the residue 503 as the main fuel. It is also possible to adopt a configuration and a method for generating the water vapor 101 using only the residue 503. Moreover, the structure which does not use the residue 503 as a fuel is also employable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pretreatment apparatus 2 Thermal decomposition apparatus 3 Gas reforming apparatus 6 Gas power generation apparatus 11 Treatment tank 12 Steam generator 21 Thermal decomposition tank 22 Atmospheric pressure superheated steam generator 31 Gas reformer 32 Hydroxygen generator 41 Catalyst 100 Organic Waste gasification system 101 Water vapor 102 Normal pressure superheated steam 103 Water oxygen gas 201 Pyrolysis gas 202 Hydrogen rich gas 203 Waste water 501 Organic waste 502 Organic material 503 Residue

Claims (8)

A pretreatment device that performs pretreatment on organic waste, a pyrolysis device that generates pyrolysis gas by performing pyrolysis gasification treatment on the organic waste after the pretreatment, and An organic waste gasification system comprising a gas reforming device for performing a gas reforming process on the pyrolysis gas, and gasifying the organic waste,
The pretreatment device includes a treatment tank and a steam generator, and feeds the steam generated by the steam generator into the treatment tank containing the organic waste, while drying the organic waste. A hydrolysis treatment that decomposes into an organic material is performed as the pretreatment,
The pyrolysis apparatus includes a pyrolysis tank and a superheated steam generator, and is generated by the superheated steam generator for the pyrolysis tank containing the organic material as the organic waste after the pretreatment. Carrying out the pyrolysis gasification treatment by feeding the superheated steam and maintaining the inside of the pyrolysis tank in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state,
The gas reformer includes a gas reforming tank in which a catalyst for water oxygen reforming reaction is housed and a water oxygen gas generator, the water oxygen gas generated by the water oxygen gas generator and the water oxygen gas generator An organic waste gas that performs a hydro-oxygen gas reforming process in which a pyrolysis gas is fed into the gas reforming tank and the pyrolysis gas is reformed into a hydrogen-rich gas by a hydro-oxygen reforming reaction. System.   The organic waste gasification system according to claim 1, wherein a calcium oxide catalyst is used as the catalyst for the water-oxygen reforming reaction. Comprising a gas generator for generating electricity using the hydrogen-rich gas;
3. The organic waste gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the superheated steam generator generates the superheated steam using waste water generated by power generation by the gas generator.   The organic waste gasification according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steam generator uses a residue of the organic material generated during the pyrolysis gasification treatment as a fuel for generating the steam. system. Pretreatment is performed on the organic waste, pyrolysis gasification is performed on the organic waste after the pretreatment to generate pyrolysis gas, and gas reforming is performed on the pyrolysis gas. An organic waste gasification method for gasifying the organic waste by performing a quality treatment,
A hydrolyzing process for decomposing the organic waste into an organic material while drying the organic waste by sending water vapor into the treatment tank containing the organic waste is performed as the pretreatment,
The pyrolysis gasification is carried out by supplying superheated steam to the pyrolysis tank containing the organic material as the organic waste after the pretreatment to maintain the inside of the pyrolysis tank in a low oxygen state or an oxygen-free state. Execute the process,
Water oxygen that feeds water oxygen gas and the pyrolysis gas into a gas reforming tank in which a catalyst for water oxygen reforming reaction is housed, and reforms the pyrolysis gas into hydrogen-rich gas by the water oxygen reforming reaction An organic waste gasification method for executing a gas reforming process as the gas reforming process.   The organic waste gasification method according to claim 5, wherein a calcium oxide catalyst is used as the catalyst for the water-oxygen reforming reaction.   The organic waste gasification method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the superheated steam generated by using waste water generated by power generation using the hydrogen-rich gas is used for the pyrolysis gasification treatment.   The organic waste gasification method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a residue of the organic material generated during the pyrolysis gasification treatment is used as a fuel for generating the water vapor.

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