JP2006104405A - Charcoal production system and method for separating dry-distilled gas - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple charcoal production system capable of utilizing resources through efficiently separating and retrieving wood tar and pyroligneous acid from dry-distilled gas discharged in carbonizing charcoal. <P>SOLUTION: The charcoal production system equipped with a coal production oven for carbonizing charcoal includes a separatory unit that works as follows: Dry-distilled gas discharged from the coal production oven is subjected to rotational flow under cooling and separated into a gas component and a solid or liquid component. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a charcoal production apparatus and a dry distillation gas separation method, and more particularly to a charcoal production apparatus and a dry distillation gas separation method for separating a dry distillation gas discharged during carbonization into a gas component and a solid / liquid component.

In recent years, depletion of fossil fuels has been regarded as a problem, and establishment of alternative energy is required. Biomass energy is attracting attention as one alternative energy. Here, “biomass” is a general term for organisms that store solar energy, and mainly refers to plants such as vegetation. When these are used and burned, they are decomposed into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, which becomes biomass such as the original plants by photosynthesis using solar energy. Thus, biomass energy can be circulated, is friendly to the environment, and is low in cost.

  An example of the biomass energy is “charcoal”, and various charcoal production techniques have been established. However, when carbonizing charcoal, dry distillation gas is generated, but there is also a problem that this dry distillation gas causes air pollution. Therefore, conventionally, in a charcoal manufacturing apparatus, dry distillation gas is burned to reduce pollutants, and the combustion gas is discharged in such a state.

  Here, a conventional charcoal manufacturing apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 3, the charcoal manufacturing apparatus is equipped with a plurality of charcoal furnaces (a1 to an, b1 to bn), and the dry distillation gas discharged from these charcoal furnaces (a1 and the like) is supplied to the suction fan 111. Then, the gas is introduced into the gas combustion boiler 103 through the duct 110, burned, and discharged into the atmosphere.

  Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 4, the specific structure and carbonization method of a charcoal manufacturing apparatus are demonstrated. When the charcoal furnace (a1 etc.) is a group (charcoal furnaces a1 to an of the furnace group a) and b group (charcoal furnaces b1 to bn of the furnace group b) across the duct 110, When the material of group a is made, the raw material wood in group a is ignited. And by sucking with the blower 102 (suction fan 111), as shown by the arrow Y101, air flows into the charcoal furnace (a1 etc.), and combustion is promoted. Thereby, carbonization is advanced by raising the temperature in the furnace.

  At this time, the dry distillation gas (arrow Y102) discharged from the inside of the coal-fired furnace (a1 etc.) is sent to the gas combustion boiler 103 by the blower 102 (see arrows Y105 and Y107), and the heavy oil is supplemented to the gas combustion boiler 103. It is burned by the inflowing combustion air (arrow Y106). As a result, pollutants in the dry distillation gas are reduced and discharged into the atmosphere in a smokeless and brominated state (arrow Y108). At this time, the valve V101 is open and the valve V102 is closed.

  On the other hand, since the dry distillation gas combusted in the gas combustion boiler 103 contains various substances, it has been studied to make effective use thereof. Specifically, when the dry distillation gas is cooled, the vinegar and wood tar contained in the gas component are condensed and can be obtained, so the wood vinegar and wood tar condensed in the duct 110 are collected together. Stored in the stocker (see arrows Y103 and Y104). Then, the recovery of the wood vinegar and the wood tar is performed until the carbonization of the group a (furnace group a) is completed. During this time, the group b (furnace group b) is completely stopped, and the b group's charcoal furnace In (b1 etc.), the carbonization is started after the carbonization of the a group is completed. At this time, the valve V101 is closed and the valve V102 is opened.

  And since the extracted wood vinegar and wood tar can be used for various uses, extracting these more actively is examined. An example of such a carbonization apparatus is disclosed in Patent Document 1.

  The dry distillation gas treatment means disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a cyclone separator that separates the pulverized coal contained in the dry distillation gas derived by the dry distillation gas outlet pipe, and the dry distillation gas after the pulverized coal is removed by the cyclone separator. A tar trap for separating and removing the tar component, a capacitor for separating the dry distillation gas after the tar component has been removed by the tar trap into a gas-liquid of pyroligneous acid liquid and combustible gas, and the combustible gas separated by the capacitor And an afterburner that reduces and removes contaminants contained by burning at a relatively high temperature.

  Further, the cyclone separator is adapted to apply centrifugal force to the dry distillation gas by a rotating flow in the cylindrical tower to separate and recover the pulverized coal contained in the dry distillation gas, and the dry distillation gas from which the pulverized coal has been removed It is sent to the tar trap. Further, the cooling water in the cooling water tank is circulated in the condenser by driving the pump, and the high temperature dry distillation gas from which the pulverized coal and tar components are removed is cooled and condensed by the cooling water, It is designed to be separated into gas and liquid.

JP-A-6-33063

  However, the means for treating dry distillation gas in the above-mentioned conventional example can separate and recover wood tar and wood vinegar from dry distillation gas, but its configuration is complicated, and the equipment cost is increased due to the complexity of the production apparatus, and However, the complexity of device management causes a problem of an increase in the cost of recovered materials.

  Moreover, in the said structure, the specific method how to isolate | separate tar is unknown, and the problem that it is difficult to isolate | separate and collect the said tar from dry distillation gas efficiently arises.

  For this reason, in the present invention, wood tar and wood vinegar liquid can be efficiently separated and recovered from the dry distillation gas discharged during carbonization with a simple device, to effectively use resources, and to further improve the coal production efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide a charcoal manufacturing apparatus that can be used.

Therefore, the charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is
A charcoal manufacturing apparatus equipped with a charcoal furnace for carbonizing charcoal,
It is characterized by comprising separation means for rotating and flowing dry distillation gas discharged from the coal making furnace into a gas component and a solid or liquid component.

The dry distillation gas separation method of the present invention is
In a charcoal manufacturing apparatus equipped with a charcoal furnace for carbonizing charcoal, a method of separating dry distillation gas discharged from the charcoal furnace,
It is characterized in that the dry distillation gas is rotated and flowed in a cooled state and separated into a gas component and a solid or liquid component.

  According to the above configuration, the dry distillation gas containing wood tar and wood vinegar liquid rotates and flows in a state cooled by the separation means, so that condensation of solid and liquid components is also added to the effect of promoting heat transfer on the condensation surface. The gas component and the solid / liquid component are separated. Further, the separation is promoted by the centrifugal force due to the rotational flow. Therefore, since the gas component and the wood tar and the wood vinegar can be separated efficiently with one apparatus, the configuration for collecting the resources can be simplified, and the resources can be efficiently recovered. be able to. As a result, resource recovery costs can be reduced, and effective use of resources can be achieved.

  Moreover, in the said charcoal manufacturing apparatus, while a separation means is cylindrical, it is characterized by making dry distillation gas flow in a spiral shape along the inner wall surface. Further, the separating means is characterized in that a cooling means for cooling the inner wall surface is provided.

  According to the above configuration, by allowing the dry distillation gas to flow in a vortex along the inner wall surface of the separating means, a large amount of dry distillation gas gas comes into contact with the inner wall surface, thereby facilitating cooling and condensing. In addition, the wood vinegar can be efficiently separated from the gas component. In particular, by actively cooling the inner wall of the separation means with the cooling means, the dry distillation gas is cooled quickly and effectively, so the condensation of wood tar and wood vinegar can be further promoted, and resources can be recovered more efficiently. can do.

  In addition, the separation unit causes the dry distillation gas to flow in a spiral shape while flowing so as to descend in the cylinder, and the cooling unit cools the coolant from below to above along the wall surface of the separation unit. It is characterized by having material flow means.

  Thereby, since the coolant is present in a lower temperature as the dry distillation gas is directed downward, the dry distillation gas can be reliably cooled, and the condensation of the wood tar and the wood vinegar is promoted to improve the recovery rate. be able to. Furthermore, by promoting the lower separation, the separated wood tar and wood vinegar liquor are collected at the lower end of the separation means as they are while preventing the freshly flowing high-temperature dry distillation gas from touching again. It is easy to be collected and can be collected more efficiently.

  Furthermore, the charcoal manufacturing apparatus is provided with gas combustion means for combusting the gas component discharged from the separation means, and the raw material before carbonization is installed inside the combustion gas burned by the gas combustion means. Combustion gas inflow means for inflow into another charcoal furnace is provided.

  Thereby, first, the gas component from which the wood tar or the wood vinegar is extracted by the separating means burns, so that pollutants contained in the gas component can be reduced, and environmental protection can be achieved. Furthermore, by burning the combustion gas in a high temperature state into the coal making furnace in which the raw material before carbonization is installed, the raw material can be dried, and the efficiency of subsequent carbonization can be improved.

  Since the present invention is configured and functions as described above, according to this, the dry distillation gas can be efficiently separated into a gas component, wood tar and wood vinegar with a simple device, and the complexity of the device is suppressed. In addition, the extraction cost can be reduced, resources can be used effectively, and environmental protection can be achieved.

  The present invention is characterized in that wood tar and wood vinegar are extracted from dry distillation gas generated during carbonization and discharged from a coal-fired furnace. Hereinafter, a specific configuration thereof will be described in Examples.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing a configuration of a charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining a method of manufacturing charcoal by the charcoal manufacturing apparatus.

<Overall configuration>
The charcoal manufacturing apparatus is basically the same as the structure described as the prior art. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of coal-fired furnaces are provided, and the dry distillation gas discharged from these coal-fired furnaces is introduced into a gas combustion boiler through a duct and burned here. A specific configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of coal-fired furnaces (A1 and the like) are group A (furnace group A (carbon-fired furnaces A1 to An)), group B (furnace group B (carbon-fired furnaces (B1 to Bn))). When one group is carbonizing, the other group is in a dormant state (carbonization standby state) with the raw material wood M installed in the coal-making furnace. A case will be described in which the charcoal processing is performed in the A group and the B group is in a resting state.

  In addition to the furnace groups A and B, the charcoal manufacturing apparatus is a fractionating tower 1 for rotating and flowing dry distillation gas discharged from the coal making furnace into a gas component and a solid or liquid component in a cooled state. (Separation means), pyroligneous acid stocker 3 and tar stocker 4 for accumulating fractionated pyroligneous acid and tar, tar combustion device 5 for burning wood tar, blower 6 for sucking dry distillation gas, and combustion of dry distillation gas And a gas combustion boiler 7 to be operated.

  In FIG. 1, ducts and pipes for allowing the dry distillation gas discharged from the coal-fired furnace (A1 and the like) to flow into the distillation column 1 and the like are only shown by solid lines, and are not specifically shown. To do. Similarly, the piping for allowing other gases or liquids to flow is simply shown by solid lines. Furthermore, although various valves are shown, basically, unfilled valves indicate that they are open (for example, symbols V1 and V3), and the filled valves indicate that they are closed ( For example, reference signs V2 and V4). Further, the valves (for example, reference numerals V3, V4, V5) surrounded by octagons are valves that open and close arbitrarily according to the situation.

<Coal making furnace>
Next, each configuration described above will be described in detail. First, a charcoal furnace (A1 etc.) is a conventionally used furnace which manufactures charcoal by installing raw material wood M inside and carbonizing the raw material wood M. In particular, carbonization can be performed efficiently by covering the outer periphery with a heat insulating material during carbonization and removing the heat insulating material during cooling. Further, at the time of carbonization, if necessary, air is introduced from outside (arrow YA), a part of the raw material wood M is combusted, and a duct and a valve V1 are used so that dry distillation gas generated at that time flows into the distillation column 1. (See arrows Y1 and Y2). The duct through which the dry distillation gas flows is covered with a heat insulating material, and the dry distillation gas flows into the distillation column 1 in a high temperature state.

<Fraction tower>
The fractionator 1 is a cylindrical cyclone fractionator. The upper end of the cylinder is closed, and a cylindrical member with a smaller diameter is installed at the center. The upper end of the cylindrical member forms a discharge port 12 for discharging dry distillation gas to the gas combustion boiler 7. is doing. Further, the lower end portion of the distillation column 1 has a substantially conical shape, and the center thereof penetrates to the tar stocker 4. Furthermore, an inflow port 11 through which dry distillation gas from a coal making furnace (A1 or the like) flows is formed on the side surface on the upper end side of the distillation column 1. In particular, the inner side of the distillation column 1 at the inlet 11 is arranged along the wall surface so that the instilled dry distillation gas flows in a vortex shape along the inner wall of the distillation column 1 and descends and flows. It is formed to face slightly downward.

<Cooling device>
A cooling device 2 (coolant flow means (cooling means)) is provided around the outer wall on the upper side of the distillation column 1. Specifically, the cooling device 2 has a cylindrical wall that is one diameter larger than the outer periphery of the cylindrical distillation column 1, and thereby a cylinder is formed between the outer periphery of the distillation column 1. A space is formed. In the vicinity of the lower end portion and the upper end portion, an inlet and an outlet that lead to the space are formed, and the space is filled with water cooled to room temperature or lower. Therefore, by flowing the cooling water from the inlet formed on the lower end side (see arrow Y11), the inside of the space of the cooling device 2 flows from the bottom to the top along the wall surface of the distillation column 1, The water is discharged from the outlet formed on the upper end side (see arrow Y12). When the cooling water is discharged, it becomes hot water by heat exchange with the high-temperature dry distillation gas flowing into the distillation column 1. However, the medium (coolant) that is the cooling water used in the cooling device 2 is not limited to water. Moreover, the cooling device 2 is not limited to the said structure, What is necessary is just the structure which cools the fractionation tower 1 from the outside.

<Stocker>
Next, the wood vinegar stocker 3 and the tar stocker 4 will be described. As for the wood vinegar stocker 3, the pipe | tube has extended outside from the side surface near the lower end of the fractionation tower 1, and is installed in the tip. Then, by opening the valve V3 in the middle, the vinegar liquid separated from the dry distillation gas in the distillation column 1 and accumulated near the lower end is stored (see arrow Y4). The wood vinegar solution may be used for various purposes later. For example, it may be used for disinfection, deodorization, sterilization, pest control and the like.

  The tar stocker 4 is installed below the lower end of the distillation column 1, and separates the wooden tar separated from the dry distillation gas and precipitated at the lower end of the distillation column 1 into the lower end of the distillation column 1. Is opened and stored by opening the valve attached to the pipe leading from (see arrow Y3). The tar stocker 4 is led to a pipe through which the hot water (arrow Y12) discharged from the cooling device 2 flows, and the wood tar stored in the tar stocker 4 is removed by opening the valve V5. It plays the role of warming and softening. The softened wood tar is used as fuel for combustion by the tar combustion device 5 (see arrow Y4). However, wood tar may be used for other fuels.

<Tar combustion device>
The tar combustion device 5 uses the wood tar accumulated in the tar stocker 4 as fuel in a coal making furnace (for example, A group coal making furnace (A1 etc.)) immediately before the start of carbonization, Combustion air is taken in from the outside (see arrow YA1) and combustion is performed. And the hot gas by this combustion is output to the A group coal making furnace (A1 etc.) (refer arrow Y5). Thereby, since the temperature in each coal-fired furnace (A1 etc.) rises, ignition becomes easy and the furnace temperature can be raised to a temperature at which carbonization can be performed quickly. Therefore, the fuel required for carbonization can be reduced, and the coal production efficiency can be improved. In addition, the high temperature gas discharged | emitted by this tar combustion apparatus 5 may be used for another use.

<Gas fired boiler>
Next, the gas combustion boiler 7 (gas combustion means) will be described. As described above, the dry distillation gas remaining after extracting the pyroligneous acid liquid and the wood tar in the fractionation tower 1 is sucked in the blower 6 through the cylindrical member installed in the center of the fractionation tower 1 (arrow). Y6) and flows into the gas combustion boiler 7 (see arrow Y7). The dry distillation gas is combustible, and charcoal as combustion auxiliary fuel is used in the gas combustion boiler 7 and combustion air is introduced from the outside (YA2) to be fueled. Thereby, contaminants remaining in the dry distillation gas can be reduced.

  Further, the high temperature gas discharged after being burned in the gas combustion boiler 7 is put into a B group coal making furnace (each coal making furnace (furnace group B in the furnace group B)) through a duct (combustion gas inflow means). B1 etc.)) (see arrows Y8 and Y9). Since this high-temperature gas contains carbon dioxide and has a high temperature, it acts to dry the raw material wood that will be carbonized from now, which is set in the coal-making furnace (B1 or the like).

<Operation>
Next, operation | movement of the charcoal manufacturing apparatus of the said structure is demonstrated with reference to FIG. First, when producing charcoal in the group A charcoal furnace shown in FIG. 1 (the charcoal furnace A1 of the furnace group A, etc.), it is previously stored in the tar stocker 4 by the tar combustion device 5 in advance. The wood tar is used as a raw material for combustion (step S1), and the high-temperature gas obtained by this combustion flows into a coal-making furnace (A1 or the like) (step S2). Then, ignition is performed and carbonization is performed when the inside of each furnace (A1 or the like) is heated to a high temperature by the high-temperature gas that has flowed into the furnace (step S3). When wood tar is insufficient and the furnace temperature is insufficient, a part of the raw material wood M is burned and carbonized.

  Since carbonization gas is generated from each coal-making furnace (A1 etc.) at the time of carbonization, this carbonization gas flows into the distillation column 1 via a duct (step S4). At this time, since the duct is covered with a heat insulating material, the dry distillation gas flows into the distillation column 1 while maintaining a high temperature. Therefore, it is suppressed that the dry distillation gas is cooled in the duct, and the separation of the wood tar and the wood vinegar from the dry distillation gas is suppressed unnecessarily.

  The dry distillation gas that has flowed into the distillation column 1 rotates and flows in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the cylindrical distillation column 1 (step S5). At this time, since the inner wall of the fractionation tower 1 is cooled by the cooling device 2, the cooling of the dry distillation gas proceeds and the condensation of the wood tar and the wood vinegar in the gas is promoted. Thereby, the wood tar and the wood vinegar liquid condensed on the outer wall adhere and fall and accumulate at the lower end of the fractionating tower 1, so that the gas component and the wood tar / wood vinegar liquid can be separated efficiently. (Step S6). In addition, since the cooling water used in the cooling device 2 flows upward from the lower side of the distillation column 1, the cooling water flowing from the upper end of the distillation column 1 is cooled as it goes downward. Since the material exists in a low temperature state, the cooling proceeds efficiently and the condensation of the wood tar and the wood vinegar can be promoted. Furthermore, the hot water which became high temperature by heat exchange with dry distillation gas is used in order to soften wood tar.

  The gas components separated in the fractionator 1 (proceed to (1) after step S6) are sent to the gas combustion boiler 7 through the blower 6 and burned (step S7). Thereby, the contaminants etc. which remain in the gas component after separation can be reduced. Then, the high temperature gas by combustion flows into the B group coal making furnace (the coal making furnace (B1 etc.) of the furnace group B) (step S8), and before the carbonization prepared in the said coal making furnace (B1 etc.). The raw material wood M can be dried (step S9). In addition, although the high temperature gas used for drying is discharged | emitted in air | atmosphere (exhaust gas shown by the arrow YB), since it is burned with the gas combustion boiler 7 as mentioned above, air pollution is suppressed. it can.

  On the other hand, the wood tar and the wood vinegar liquid separated in the fractionator 1 (proceed to (2) after step S6) are respectively stored in the tar stocker 4 and the wood vinegar liquid stocker 3 (step S10). In addition, wood tar and wood vinegar are used for various purposes. In particular, wood tar is used as a fuel for the tar combustion device 5. At this time, the hot water that has been used for cooling the dry distillation gas in the fractionator 1 is used for various purposes. In particular, it is used to soften the wooden tar stored in the tar stocker 4. .

  Thereafter, when the A group of charcoal is finished, the opening and closing of each valve is switched to start the charcoal of the B group charcoal furnace (B1 etc.). At this time, the same processing as described above is performed.

  By doing in this way, first, a wood vinegar liquid and wood tar can be efficiently collect | recovered from the dry distillation gas generated at the time of carbonization, Therefore Resource saving can be aimed at. In particular, it was generated by burning the collected wood tar as described above, whereas the conventional charcoal production rate was about 50-70% because it was an internal combustion type that charred a part of the raw material wood. Because it is an external combustion type that uses high-temperature gas for carbonization, it is possible to carbonize all of the raw material wood, it is also possible to achieve a coal production rate of 90 to 100%, and dramatically increase the efficiency of coal production Improvements can be made.

  In addition, by using the high-temperature gas generated by burning in order to reduce pollutants from the carbonized gas after separation, in order to dry the raw material wood that is waiting for carbonization, it is possible to shorten the carbonization time, Furthermore, since the amount of heat required for carbonization can be reduced, efficient coal production can be realized. Specifically, wood having a moisture content of about 15% to 25% is usually used as a raw material. However, when carbonizing a material having a moisture content of 20%, the moisture first evaporates around 100 ° C. The latent heat of vaporization is 539 kcal / kg, and this amount of heat is required for drying. Therefore, the amount of heat can be saved during carbonization, the amount of raw wood used for combustion can be reduced, and, together with the heating of the recovered wood tar as described above, the carbonization efficiency, that is, Further improvement in coal production efficiency can be achieved.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a charcoal production apparatus that can improve the production efficiency of charcoal, and has industrial applicability.

It is the schematic which shows the structure of a charcoal manufacturing apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement at the time of charcoal manufacture by a charcoal manufacturing apparatus. It is the schematic showing the external appearance of a charcoal manufacturing apparatus. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the charcoal manufacturing apparatus in a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

1 Fractionation tower (separation means)
2 Cooling device (cooling means, coolant flow means)
3 Wood Vinegar Stocker 4 Tar Stocker 5 Tar Combustion Device 6 Blower 7 Gas Combustion Boiler (Gas Combustion Means)
A1-An, B1-Bn Coal-fired furnace M Raw material wood

Claims (6)

A charcoal manufacturing apparatus equipped with a charcoal furnace for carbonizing charcoal,
An apparatus for producing charcoal comprising a separation means for rotating and flowing dry distillation gas discharged from the charcoal furnace into a gas component and a solid or liquid component.   2. The charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the separating means is cylindrical and causes the dry distillation gas to flow in a vortex shape along an inner wall surface thereof.   The charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the separating means includes a cooling means for cooling the inner wall surface. The separation means causes the dry distillation gas to flow in a spiral shape while flowing so as to descend in the cylindrical shape,
The cooling means includes a coolant flow means for flowing the coolant from below to above along the wall surface of the separation means.
The charcoal manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3. Comprising gas combustion means for combusting the gas component discharged from the separation means,
Combustion gas inflow means is provided for allowing the combustion gas burned by the gas combustion means to flow into another coal making furnace in which the raw material before carbonization is installed. , 3 or 4 charcoal manufacturing apparatus. A method for separating dry distillation gas discharged from a charcoal furnace for carbonizing charcoal,
A dry distillation gas separation method, wherein the dry distillation gas is rotated and flowed in a cooled state to separate a gas component and a solid or liquid component.

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