CN108911456B - Novel oily sludge treatment method and system - Google Patents
Novel oily sludge treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108911456B CN108911456B CN201810889474.4A CN201810889474A CN108911456B CN 108911456 B CN108911456 B CN 108911456B CN 201810889474 A CN201810889474 A CN 201810889474A CN 108911456 B CN108911456 B CN 108911456B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method and a system for treating oily sludge, which divide the treatment of the oily sludge into three thermal cracking stages, and each stage solves a specific problem of the oily sludge, so that the oily sludge can be more effectively treated and is harmless. The other key point is that the structural design of the matched thermal cracking machine is changed from the traditional external heating mode into the internal radiation heating mode, so that the coking problem of the oily sludge on the inner wall of the equipment is effectively inhibited, the equipment can normally run, two purposes of dewatering and deoiling are simultaneously achieved, the oily sludge is qualified in treatment, and the normal running of the treatment equipment is ensured; the whole process is in modular design, easy to assemble, overhaul, upgrade and reform, and has the characteristics of low maintenance cost and high automation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oily sludge treatment, in particular to a novel oily sludge treatment method and a novel oily sludge treatment system.
Background
Under the increasing pressure of environmental protection, the pollution problem caused by the oily sludge accumulated in oil fields and refining and chemical enterprises is highly emphasized by the nation, and the enterprises need to properly dispose the oily sludge generated in the production activities. The treatment mode for oil-containing sludge reaching the standard at present at home and abroad is as follows: 1. the waste water is incinerated at high temperature in an incinerator, and the residual products reaching the standard after incineration are buried or burned into bricks and the like, so that the treatment method has high cost, the normal operation of the incinerator is influenced due to the coking phenomenon, the energy can not be effectively recovered, if the moisture content of the oily sludge is high, the temperature in the incinerator is reduced after the oily sludge enters the incinerator, and the pollutants after incineration can not stably reach the national emission standard; 2. the oily sludge is treated by drying the common sludge, because of the particularity of the oily sludge, a common machine cannot be suitable for the treatment of the oily sludge, so that the oily sludge is agglomerated and coked in equipment to scrap the equipment, and in addition, the oily sludge treated by the common sludge drying process cannot reach the standard rate. For example: in the process of treating oil sludge, equipment such as a rotary kiln type sludge dryer and the like can coke in the equipment in a very short time, so that the equipment cannot normally run. The existing sludge drying treatment technology is not customized for the oily sludge, and is not suitable for the treatment of the oily sludge due to the characteristics and the particularity of the oily sludge (including high oil content, difficult dehydration, high viscosity and easy coking). The prior art can cause a series of problems that the treatment equipment is damaged and the treatment result does not reach the standard when the oily sludge is treated. The original sludge drying process uses external heating equipment to dry the sludge; the problem that results is that the oil sludge is caked and coked on the inner wall of the equipment, and the equipment is gradually blocked, so that the equipment can not normally run and even can be completely scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method and a novel system for treating oily sludge so as to solve the problems in the background art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme;
a novel method for treating oily sludge, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: treating the oily sludge by adopting a primary cracker to evaporate and crack water and light oil in the oily sludge to form dried oil sludge;
step two: treating the oil sludge by adopting a secondary cracker to evaporate and crack residual water and oil in the oil-containing sludge to form oil sludge;
step three: and treating the oil sludge by using a three-stage cracker so as to carbonize the oil sludge to form dispersed powdery particles.
Preferably, the carbonized powdery particles at least partially wrap heavy metal ions in the oily sludge.
Preferably, in the step one, the temperature for treating the oily sludge by adopting a primary cracker is between 150 and 300 ℃, and the reaction time is between 40 and 70 minutes; in the second step, the temperature for treating the oil sludge by adopting a secondary cracker is between 400 and 500 ℃, and the reaction time is between 20 and 40 minutes; in the third step, the temperature for processing the oil residue by adopting a three-stage cracker is between 500 and 650 ℃, and the reaction time is between 40 and 70 minutes.
Preferably, the water content of the dried oil sludge is less than 15%, the oil content of the oil sludge residue is less than 2%, and the oil content of the powdery particles is less than 0.3%. Preferably, the powdery particles enter an ash storage pool for storage.
Preferably, the water vapor and the light oil generated in the first step and the second step enter a second-level cracking cooler to be condensed into an oil-water mixture, and the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separator to be subjected to oil-water separation.
Preferably, the oil generated in the third step passes through a dust remover, then enters a three-stage cracking cooler, is condensed into an oil-water mixture, and is separated by the oil-water separator. Preferably, the oil separated by the oil-water separator enters a recovered oil storage tank.
The invention also provides a system for realizing the novel oily sludge treatment method, the novel oily sludge treatment system comprises three sequentially connected crackers, namely a primary cracker, a secondary cracker and a tertiary cracker, and the oily sludge sequentially passes through the primary cracker, the secondary cracker and the tertiary cracker for treatment;
the cracker includes feed inlet, reaction chamber, natural gas combustor, oil gas export and discharge gate, be provided with screw propulsion and heat-radiating pipe in the reaction chamber, the feed inlet reaches the discharge gate is located respectively the both ends of reaction chamber and with the reaction chamber intercommunication is with the feeding and the ejection of compact, the natural gas combustor with heat-radiating union coupling is used for the heating heat-radiating pipe makes heat-radiating pipe heats through the mode of radiation the reaction chamber, screw propulsion is used for with material in the reaction chamber is followed the feed inlet impels extremely the discharge gate, the gas that produces in the reaction chamber is followed oil gas export is discharged.
Preferably, the new oily sludge treatment system further comprises a heat exchanger, and the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the heat radiation pipe preheats the air entering the natural gas combustor after passing through the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the novel oily sludge treatment system further comprises a secondary cracking cooler, a tertiary cracking cooler, a dust remover and an oil-water separator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the treatment of the oily sludge is divided into three thermal cracking stages, each of which solves a specific problem of the oily sludge, thus more effectively treating the oily sludge to make it harmless. The other key point is the structural design of the matched cracking machine, the traditional external heating mode is changed into internal radiation heating, so that the coking problem of the oily sludge in the equipment is effectively inhibited, the equipment can normally operate, two purposes of dewatering and deoiling are achieved simultaneously, the oily sludge is qualified in treatment, the normal operation of the treatment equipment is ensured, the whole process is in modular design, the assembly, the overhaul, the upgrading and the transformation are easy, the maintenance cost is low, and the automation degree is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a novel method for treating oily sludge provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cracking machine provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Technical aspects in embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention:
a novel method for treating oily sludge, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: treating the oily sludge by adopting a primary cracker to evaporate and crack water and light oil in the oily sludge to form dried oil sludge;
step two: treating the oil sludge by adopting a secondary cracker to evaporate and crack residual water and oil in the oil-containing sludge to form oil sludge;
step three: and treating the oil residue by using a three-stage cracker to carbonize the oil residue to form dispersed powdery particles.
In this embodiment, the carbonized powdery particles at least partially wrap heavy metal ions in the oily sludge.
In the first step, the temperature for treating the oily sludge by adopting the primary cracker is between 150 and 300 ℃, and the reaction time is between 40 and 70 minutes; in the second step, the temperature for treating the oil sludge by adopting a secondary cracker is between 400 and 500 ℃, and the reaction time is between 20 and 40 minutes; in the third step, the temperature for processing the oil residue by adopting a three-stage cracker is between 500 and 650 ℃, and the reaction time is between 40 and 70 minutes.
Specifically, in the first step, the first-stage cracker is the first step to which the oily sludge needs to be subjected, and the temperature of a reaction cavity of the first-stage cracker is 300 ℃, so that the first-stage cracker is used for heating the oily sludge and evaporating a part of water and light oil; the oily sludge needs to be heated to 600 ℃ to be completely treated, and the gradual heating of the oily sludge is beneficial to saving resources. After the oily sludge enters a primary cracker, the oily sludge is subjected to radiation heating by isolated air in the cracker, an internal spiral propeller is used for propelling to continuously update the surface of the oily sludge, water and light oil are gradually evaporated under the irradiation of a heat radiation tube, the reaction time is about 1 hour, and the moisture content of the dried oily sludge is 15 percent. During the period, the steam and the light oil evaporated enter a secondary cracking cooler and are condensed into an oil-water mixture; the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation.
In the second step, the dried oil sludge is discharged from the first-stage cracker and then enters a second-stage cracker. The reaction cavity temperature of the secondary cracker is about 450 deg.C, and the irradiation temperature of the surface of the oil sludge is 600 deg.C, so that it can evaporate and crack most of oil in the oil sludge. After the oil sludge enters the secondary cracker, the oil sludge is heated by radiation in the reaction cavity isolated from air, and is pushed by an internal spiral propeller, the reaction time is about 0.5 hour, and the oil content of the residual oil sludge after the reaction is below 2 percent. During the period, the steam evaporated and the cracked oil enter a secondary cracking cooler and are condensed into an oil-water mixture; the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation.
And in the third step, finally, the oil sludge enters a three-stage cracker. The temperature of the reaction cavity of the three-stage cracker is about 500 ℃, and the irradiation temperature of the surface of the oil residue is 650 ℃, so that the purpose is to carbonize the oil sludge treated by the two-stage cracker and crack long-chain macromolecular organic matters in the oil sludge. After the oil residue enters the three-stage cracker, the oil residue is subjected to radiant heating by isolated air in the cracking furnace, an internal spiral propeller is used for propelling, the reaction time is about 1 hour, the oil content of the residual oil residue after the reaction is below 0.3 percent, and heavy metal ions are wrapped in carbonized mud. During the period, the cracked oil gas firstly passes through a dust remover, then enters a three-stage cracking cooler and is separated by an oil-water separator.
And (4) the residual oil sludge residue after the three-stage cracking is in the form of dispersed powdery particles which are standard-reaching products, and the products enter an ash storage pool to wait for subsequent treatment.
In this embodiment, the oil separated by the oil-water separator enters a recovered oil storage tank.
The invention also provides a system for realizing the novel oily sludge treatment method, the novel oily sludge treatment system comprises three sequentially connected crackers, namely a primary cracker, a secondary cracker and a tertiary cracker, and the oily sludge sequentially passes through the primary cracker, the secondary cracker and the tertiary cracker for treatment;
the cracker includes feed inlet, reaction chamber, natural gas combustor, oil gas export and discharge gate, be provided with screw propulsion and heat-radiating pipe in the reaction chamber, the feed inlet reaches the discharge gate is located respectively the both ends of reaction chamber and with the reaction chamber intercommunication is with the feeding and the ejection of compact, the natural gas combustor with heat-radiating union coupling is used for the heating heat-radiating pipe makes heat-radiating pipe heats through the mode of radiation the reaction chamber, screw propulsion is used for with material in the reaction chamber is followed the feed inlet impels extremely the discharge gate, the gas that produces in the reaction chamber is followed oil gas export is discharged.
In this embodiment, the new oily sludge treatment system still includes the heat exchanger, the high temperature flue gas that the thermal radiation pipe was discharged, after passing through the heat exchanger, will get into the air preheating of natural gas combustor, can save the resource effectively, reduce the running cost.
In this embodiment, the new oily sludge treatment system further includes a secondary pyrolysis cooler, a tertiary pyrolysis cooler, a dust remover, and an oil-water separator.
The working principle of the cracking machine is as follows: oily sludge enters from the feeding hole and enters the reaction cavity by the propelling of the feeding screw; after entering the reaction cavity, the reaction cavity continues to be slowly pushed by the spiral of the reaction cavity, and finally the residual solid phase is discharged from the discharge hole. The natural gas burner heats the heat radiation pipe, and the heat radiation pipe heats the oily sludge in the reaction cavity in a radiation mode to evaporate and crack water or oil in the oily sludge. The cracked oil gas is discharged from the oil gas outlet and enters the cooling device. The high-temperature flue gas coming out of the heat radiation pipe passes through the heat exchanger and then preheats the air entering the natural gas burner, so that resources can be effectively saved, and the operation cost is reduced. In the running process of the matched equipment, the reaction cavity of the cracking machine is sealed and isolated from air, and the traditional external heating mode is changed into internal radiation heating, so that the coking problem of the oily sludge in the equipment is effectively inhibited, and the equipment can normally run. The cracker is suitable for use in first, second and third stage cracker.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A novel method for treating oily sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the novel oily sludge treatment method comprises the following steps: treating the oily sludge by adopting a primary cracker to evaporate and crack out part of water and light oil in the oily sludge so as to form dried oil sludge; step two: treating the dried oil sludge by adopting a secondary cracker to evaporate and crack residual water and oil in the oil-containing sludge to form oil sludge; step three: treating the oil sludge by using a three-stage cracker to carbonize the oil sludge to form dispersed powdery particles;
the powdery particles enter an ash storage pool for storage, the water vapor and the light oil generated in the first step and the second step enter a second-level cracking cooler for condensation into an oil-water mixture, and the oil-water mixture enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation;
the oil generated in the third step firstly passes through a dust remover, then enters a three-stage cracking cooler, is condensed into an oil-water mixture, and is separated by the oil-water separator;
the inside of the cracker adopts radiation heating;
the oily sludge is the oily sludge accumulated by oil fields and refining and chemical enterprises;
in the first step, a first-stage cracker is adopted to treat the oily sludge at the temperature of 150-300 ℃, and the reaction time is 40-70 minutes; in the second step, the temperature for treating the oily sludge by adopting a secondary cracker is between 400 and 500 ℃, and the reaction time is between 20 and 40 minutes; in the third step, the temperature for processing the oil sludge by adopting the three-stage cracker is between 500 and 650 ℃, and the reaction time is between 40 and 70 minutes.
2. The novel method for treating oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the carbonized powdery particles are at least partially coated with heavy metal ions in the oily sludge.
3. The novel method for treating oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the dried oil sludge is less than 15%, the oil content of the oil sludge is less than 2%, and the oil content of the powdery particles is less than 0.3%.
4. The novel method for treating oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein: and the oil separated by the oil-water separator enters a recovered oil storage tank.
5. A system for carrying out the method for treating oily sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the oily sludge treatment system comprises three sequentially connected crackers, namely a primary cracker, a secondary cracker and a tertiary cracker, wherein oily sludge sequentially passes through the primary cracker, the secondary cracker and the tertiary cracker for treatment; the cracker includes feed inlet, reaction chamber, natural gas combustor, oil gas export and discharge gate, be provided with screw propulsion and heat-radiating pipe in the reaction chamber, the feed inlet reaches the discharge gate is located respectively the both ends of reaction chamber and with the reaction chamber intercommunication is with the feeding and the ejection of compact, the natural gas combustor with heat-radiating union coupling is used for the heating heat-radiating pipe makes heat-radiating pipe heats through the mode of radiation the reaction chamber, screw propulsion is used for with material in the reaction chamber is followed the feed inlet impels extremely the discharge gate, the gas that produces in the reaction chamber is discharged from the oil gas export.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein: the novel oily sludge treatment system also comprises a heat exchanger, and the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the heat radiation pipe preheats the air entering the natural gas combustor after passing through the heat exchanger.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein: the novel oily sludge treatment system also comprises a secondary cracking cooler, a tertiary cracking cooler, a dust remover and an oil-water separator.
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| CN112624553A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-09 | 王其成 | Medium-liquid oil sludge cracking treatment device and process |
| CN112775142A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-05-11 | 青岛博迈斯环保技术有限公司 | High-temperature high-speed continuous carbonization treatment device for oily waste |
| CN112094018A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2020-12-18 | 东营市万睿环保科技有限公司 | Intelligent oil silt and municipal sludge drying and cracking furnace |
| CN112724993A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 | System and method for oil-containing sludge cracking |
| CN112724992A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 | Oil-containing sludge cracking device |
| CN113877940B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-07 | 温州市益科环保科技有限公司 | Medical waste treatment process |
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