CN112724993A - System and method for oil-containing sludge cracking - Google Patents
System and method for oil-containing sludge cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN112724993A CN112724993A CN202011480413.6A CN202011480413A CN112724993A CN 112724993 A CN112724993 A CN 112724993A CN 202011480413 A CN202011480413 A CN 202011480413A CN 112724993 A CN112724993 A CN 112724993A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for oil-containing sludge cracking, which adopts dry and wet oil sludge generated by gas fields and oil fields to produce light oil, cement building material raw materials, high-grade highway roadbed materials and oil area highway roadbed materials through a thermal cracking process, carries out innocent treatment and opens up a new way for the reasonable utilization of the oil sludge; the invention is designed aiming at the characteristics of the oil sludge, and provides a whole set of complete oil sludge treatment steps and matched equipment; the equipment used in the invention is improved in a targeted manner, and a mode of heating the oil sludge updating surface by three-stage internal radiation is adopted, so that the coking problem is effectively solved, and the safe and normal operation of the equipment in the process is ensured; the invention provides a reliable process composition, which ensures that the oily sludge is qualified and ensures the normal operation of treatment equipment. The whole process is in modular design, easy to assemble, overhaul, upgrade and reform, and has the characteristics of low maintenance cost and high automation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oily sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a system and a method for oily sludge cracking.
Background
The oily sludge is oily solid waste generated in the processes of petroleum exploration, exploitation, refining, tank cleaning, storage and transportation and oily sewage treatment, and has the characteristics of high yield, high oil content, high heavy components, few comprehensive utilization modes, high treatment difficulty and the like. The oily sludge contains a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, and if the oily sludge is not treated and remedied in time, the oily sludge will cause serious pollution to surrounding soil, water, air and biospheres.
Because the oil and gas field exploitation technology in China is relatively laggard, the treatment method of oil sludge generated in the exploitation process in the past mostly adopts a landfill method, some oil and gas fields are abandoned in fixed-point pits, and the oil sludge pits are in a plurality of oil extraction and gas production areas of the oil and gas fields. Because the existence of the oil sludge pits seriously affects the environment, destroys the local ecological environment, occupies large farmer lands, and more seriously, the oil sludge gradually and deeply permeates into the stratum to pollute underground and surface water resources, threatens the health and survival of human beings and surface organisms, and wastes a large amount of petroleum resources. At present, global energy is short, the oil price of crude oil rises, oil-containing sludge generally contains 10-40% of petroleum components in dry weight, and the loss of the petroleum resources along with oil sludge and the like is a great waste of resources. A large amount of oil sludge sand produced in China every year is about more than 300 million tons, at least 560 million barrels of crude oil can be recovered, and loss of nearly 16 hundred million yuan RMB is directly reduced.
Under the increasing pressure of environmental protection, the pollution problem caused by the oily sludge accumulated in oil fields and refining and chemical enterprises is highly emphasized by the nation, and the enterprises need to properly dispose the oily sludge generated in the production activities.
The conventional thermal cracking resource treatment technology for the oily sludge at present has the defects of serious secondary pollution, high cost, complex equipment, easy coking, poor reliability and the like, and restricts the popularization and application of the thermal cracking resource treatment technology, particularly, the oil content of the treated solid residue is high, the requirement of agricultural sludge pollutant control standard (GB4284-2018) cannot be met (the oil content is lower than 0.3%), the synergistic treatment is needed, and a complete set of thermal cracking equipment which is stably operated and has the oil content of the treated sludge of less than 0.3% is not found in China at present.
The treatment mode for oil-containing sludge reaching the standard at present at home and abroad is as follows: 1. burning the mixture in a burning furnace at high temperature, and burying the residual products reaching the standard after burning or burning bricks and the like. The treatment mode has high cost and low resource recovery rate; only recovery of heat energy is possible; if the water content of the oily sludge is high, the temperature in the incinerator is reduced after the oily sludge enters the incinerator, and a large amount of fuel needs to be supplemented to improve the incineration performance; 2. the oily sludge is treated by drying the common sludge. Because of the particularity of the oily sludge, the common machine is not suitable for the treatment of the oily sludge, so that the oily sludge is agglomerated and coked in the equipment, and the equipment is scrapped; in addition, the oily sludge treated by the sludge drying process often cannot reach the standard. For example: in the process of treating oil sludge, equipment such as a rotary kiln sludge dryer and the like can coke in the equipment in a very short time, so that the equipment cannot normally operate. 3. The oil sludge is treated by thermal cracking technology. However, the thermal cracking temperature is higher than that of drying, so that coking of the furnace body is more serious, and further the pyrolysis effect and the stable operation of facilities are influenced. The conventional thermal cracking recycling treatment technology for the oily sludge has the defects of serious secondary pollution, high cost, complex equipment, easy coking, poor reliability and the like, so that the popularization and the application of the thermal cracking recycling treatment technology are restricted, particularly, the oil content of the treated solid residue is high, the solid residue needs to be subjected to synergistic treatment, and a complete set of thermal cracking equipment which is stably operated and has the oil content of the treated sludge of less than 0.3 percent is not found in China at present.
Although the patent also carries out cracking treatment on the oily sludge through three-stage cracking, firstly, the three-stage cracking modes of the two are different when the two are subjected to thermal cracking, the cracking of the oily sludge is more thorough through a radiation heating pipe, the three-stage cracking of the patent is to treat oil sludge generated after the two-stage cracking so as to carbonize the oil sludge to form dispersed powdery particles, and the treatment on the oily sludge is not thorough and cannot meet the requirement of environmental protection; meanwhile, the gas-phase substances generated by the oil sludge are not better treated, the pyrolysis gas generated after the oil sludge is cracked is purified and filtered, and the purified and desulfurized pyrolysis gas is stored and supplied to a combustor as energy for combustion, so that the recycling of the energy is facilitated, and the requirement of environmental protection is met; this application injects the pyrolysis gas purification separator through the oil gas water mixture that the water conservancy ejector produced behind the oil sludge schizolysis for oil gas water mixture can be smooth and easy to separate in getting into pyrolysis gas purification separator, makes the separation of oil gas water mixture more thorough, and this patent does not relate to this technical scheme yet, also does not give this technical scheme's inspiration explanation simultaneously.
Therefore, how to achieve the oil content of the residue and reach the heavy metal standard so as to meet the requirements of subsequent treatment and comprehensive utilization, and simultaneously, the method simplifies the system to the maximum extent, improves the coking resistance, reliability and stability of the equipment, and has important practical significance for promoting the industrialized application of the technology and promoting the ecological civilization construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for the pyrolysis of oil-containing sludge, comprising the steps of:
step a, performing primary cracking on the oily sludge, and performing evaporative cracking to obtain water and light oil in the oily sludge to obtain dried oil sludge;
b, performing secondary cracking on the dried oil sludge, evaporating and cracking heavy oil in the oil-containing sludge, and carbonizing the oil-containing sludge;
and c, performing three-stage cracking on the light oil and the heavy oil in the evaporation process to obtain the combustible gas with high calorific value.
Furthermore, the first-stage cracking, the second-stage cracking and the third-stage cracking all adopt a radiation heating mode.
Further, the oily sludge is carbonized in the step b to obtain dry powder-like particles, and the oil content of the dry powder-like particles is less than 0.3%.
Further, the oil-containing sludge is subjected to cracking in three levels to obtain an oil-gas-water mixture, and the oil-gas-water mixture is discharged through a hydraulic ejector and enters a cracked gas purification separator; the water separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator enters the hydraulic ejector for recycling through a circulating pump; the oily sewage separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation; and the combustible gas separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator is subjected to desulfurization treatment by a purifier, and energy is recovered.
Furthermore, the combustible gas separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator is subjected to desulfurization treatment by a primary pyrolysis gas purification filter and a secondary pyrolysis gas purification filter in sequence, and energy is recovered.
The invention also provides a system for the breakdown of oily sludge, the system comprising:
the primary cracking unit is used for performing primary cracking on the oily sludge, and evaporating and cracking water and light oil in the oily sludge to obtain dried oil sludge;
the secondary cracking unit is used for carrying out secondary cracking on the dried oil sludge, evaporating and cracking heavy oil in the oil-containing sludge, and carbonizing the oil-containing sludge;
and the third-stage cracking unit is used for carrying out third-stage cracking on the light oil and the heavy oil in the evaporation process to obtain the combustible gas with high calorific value.
Furthermore, a radiant heating pipe is arranged in the system, and the surface of the radiant heating pipe is coated with a catalytic cracking coating.
Further, the main body equipment of the cracking machine comprises the primary cracking unit, the secondary cracking unit and the tertiary cracking unit; the system further comprises a hydraulic ejector, one end of the hydraulic ejector is communicated with the main body equipment of the cracking machine, the other end of the hydraulic ejector is connected with the cracking gas purification separator through an oil-gas-water discharge pipe, one end, far away from the hydraulic ejector, of the cracking gas purification separator is respectively connected with a circulating water pump, an oil-water separator and a cracking machine pressure balance box, the cracking machine pressure balance box is sequentially connected with a primary cracking gas purification filter and a secondary cracking gas purification filter, and a cracking gas storage cabinet is connected with the secondary cracking gas purification filter.
Furthermore, a combustor is further arranged on the main body equipment of the cracking machine, a main fuel gas distribution pipe is connected to the combustor, and the main fuel gas distribution pipe is respectively connected with a cracking gas supply pipe and a supplementary natural gas pipe.
The invention adopts dry and wet oil sludge produced by gas fields and oil fields to produce light oil, cement building material raw materials, high-grade highway roadbed materials and oil area highway roadbed materials through a thermal cracking process, and carries out innocent treatment, thereby opening up a new way for the reasonable utilization of the oil sludge; the invention is designed aiming at the characteristics of the oil sludge, and provides a whole set of complete oil sludge treatment steps and matched equipment; the equipment used in the invention is improved in a targeted manner, and a mode of heating the oil sludge updating surface by three-stage internal radiation is adopted, so that the coking problem is effectively solved, and the safe and normal operation of the equipment in the process is ensured; the theoretical basis of the heat of the invention is the thermal cracking of petroleum, and the two purposes of dewatering and deoiling are simultaneously achieved by a thermal cracking machine. The invention provides a reliable process composition, which ensures that the oily sludge is qualified and ensures the normal operation of treatment equipment. The whole process is in modular design, easy to assemble, overhaul, upgrade and reform, and has the characteristics of low maintenance cost and high automation degree.
Meanwhile, the invention solves the problem that the oil sludge treatment equipment cannot realize continuous production, has no limitation on the oil content and the water content of the oil sludge, does not need to carry out demulsification dehydration oil removal pretreatment on the oil sludge, and reduces the water pollution treatment cost; the invention is universal for treating oily sludge, is suitable for oily sludge in various states, and has standard treatment effect; the invention can recover 50 percent of oil in the oily sludge, the pyrolysis gas is used for heating and pyrolyzing the sludge, and resources are recovered while the oily sludge is treated; the technology is free of oxidative cracking of the oil sludge, secondary pollution (such as dioxin and furan) is not generated on the whole, the oil content and heavy metals of pyrolysis products meet relevant emission standards, the recycling and harmless utilization of the oil sludge are realized, and the environmental benefit is good; the invention adopts special technical treatment and specially designed radiant tube heating technology, has high heating efficiency and high gas production rate, can efficiently recover oil gas resources with high added value, and greatly reduces the energy consumption of the thermal cracking process.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for radiation cracking of oil sludge in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of oil sludge radiation cracking in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the direction of the cracking main body of the oil sludge radiation cracking system in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the direction of a pyrolysis gas purification separator of an oil sludge radiation cracking system in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1-a main device of a cracking machine, 2-a hydraulic ejector, 3-a cracking gas purification separator, 4-a primary cracking gas purification filter, 5-a secondary cracking gas purification filter, 6-a cracking gas storage cabinet, 7-a pressure balance box of the cracking machine, 8-an oil sludge distributor, 9-a discharging device, 10-a blower and 11-a tail gas discharge pipe; 12-air distribution main; 13-a burner; 14-a gas distribution main pipe; 15-discharge spiral; 16-discharging airlock; 17-a circulating water pipe; 18-oil gas water discharge pipe; 19-supplement of natural gas pipe; 20-a pipeline cleaner reducer; 21-a circulating water pump; 22-cracked gas supply pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a system and a method for cracking oily sludge, which are used for recovering oil gas resources in the oily sludge through radiation cracking, wherein the radiation cracking is divided into a first-stage cracking stage and a second-stage cracking stage, and three stages of three-stage cracking are used for treating the oily sludge, so that the oil gas recovery rate is improved, the coking problem of the oil sludge cracking treatment process is effectively solved, and the efficiency of process equipment is improved.
The working principle of the oil sludge radiation thermal cracking is that under the conditions of no oxygen and the temperature of 550-650 ℃, the oil sludge is subjected to indirect radiation heating, so that organic matters in the oil sludge are decomposed, and the oil sludge is converted into three phase substances. The gas phase is hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene and the like; the liquid phase mainly comprises water and oil; the solid phase is inorganic mineral matter and carbon residue.
The oily sludge consists of three parts of water, oil and solid, wherein the contained petroleum hydrocarbon mainly comprises alkane, olefin, cyclane, asphaltene, colloid and the like. At about 100 ℃, volatile components such as water and the like are mainly evaporated; at about 200 ℃, the thermal cracking reaction of the oil sludge starts, the conversion rate of the thermal cracking reaction is 350-500 ℃ at the fastest speed, and the heavy oil starts to crack at 370 ℃.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for radiation cracking of oil sludge in the embodiment of the invention, and in FIG. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step a, performing primary cracking on the oily sludge, and performing evaporative cracking to obtain water and light oil in the oily sludge to obtain dried oil sludge;
b, performing secondary cracking on the dried oil sludge, evaporating and cracking heavy oil in the oil-containing sludge, and carbonizing the oil-containing sludge;
and c, performing three-stage cracking on the light oil and the heavy oil in the evaporation process to obtain the combustible gas with high calorific value.
Specifically, fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the working principle of the oil-containing sludge radiation cracking in the embodiment of the present invention, and in fig. 2, the oil-containing sludge radiation cracking method includes the following steps:
the oily sludge is torn, crushed and deironized and then is sent into an oily sludge distributor 8, and the oily sludge is evenly sent into a propelling spiral in a main body device 1 of a cracking machine by the oily sludge distributor 8;
the oily sludge enters a primary cracker, the oily sludge moves forwards under the action of a propelling screw, the surface of the oily sludge is continuously updated, the radiant heat of a radiant heating pipe performs radiant heating on the surface of the oily sludge, and the reaction time is about 45 minutes. The pressure balance box 7 of the cracking machine keeps the micro-positive pressure operation inside the main body equipment 1 of the cracking machine, prevents air from entering, and controls the pressure to be 50 Pa. The temperature in the reaction chamber of the first-stage cracker is controlled at 450 ℃, the aim is to heat the oil-containing sludge and quickly evaporate water and light oil in the oil-containing sludge, three-stage cracking reaction is carried out in the oil-water evaporation process, the temperature of the radiant heating pipe is controlled at 900 ℃, a catalytic cracking coating is coated on the radiant heating pipe, a thermal field which is favorable for cracking reaction is formed around the radiant heating pipe, and the evaporated oil is further cracked into combustible gas with high calorific value;
after the oily sludge comes out of the primary cracker, the oily sludge enters a secondary cracker, the oily sludge moves forwards under the action of a propelling screw, the surface of the oily sludge is continuously updated, the radiant heat of a radiant heat pipe carries out radiant heating on the surface of the oily sludge, and the reaction time is about 45 minutes. The cracker operates at micro-positive pressure to prevent air from entering and the pressure is controlled at 50 Pa. The temperature of the reaction chamber of the secondary cracker is about 650 ℃, the irradiation temperature of the surface of the oil sludge is 700 ℃, the purpose is to evaporate and crack most of oil in the oil sludge, crack organic matters of long chain molecules in the oil sludge, carbonize the oil sludge, and the oil content of the oil sludge at the discharge end is reduced to be below 0.3%. The pyrolysis oil is subjected to three-stage pyrolysis reaction in the evaporation process, the temperature of the radiant heating pipe is controlled to be 900 ℃, and a catalytic pyrolysis coating is coated on the radiant heating pipe, so that a thermal field beneficial to the pyrolysis reaction is formed around the radiant heating pipe, and the evaporated oil is further pyrolyzed into combustible gas with high calorific value;
specifically, the oil sludge is carbonized, harmful ions such as heavy metals are wrapped in the carbonized oil sludge, the oil sludge is dry powder particles after secondary cracking, the oil content of oil sludge residues is reduced to be below 0.3 percent, all indexes reach the national standard, and the oil sludge harmless treatment is completed. The treated oil sludge is cooled by a discharge screw 15 and a discharge airlock 16 and then discharged out of the cracker, and the oil sludge is a product reaching the standard and enters an ash storage pool to wait for subsequent treatment.
Specifically, the radiant heating pipe heats the surface of continuously updated oil sludge, because the temperature difference between the oil sludge and the temperature of the bottom groove body of the propelling spiral and the main device 1 of the cracking machine is small, coking of a part contacting with the oil sludge is reduced, the bottom groove body of the propelling spiral and the main device 1 of the cracking machine is sprayed with an anti-coking amorphous material, and the anti-coking capability of the main device 1 of the cracking machine is improved. The oil gas water in the main body equipment 1 of the cracking machine is discharged out of the main body equipment 1 of the cracking machine through the hydraulic ejector 2.
Oil-gas-water in the main cracking machine 1 is discharged through the hydraulic ejector 2 and enters the cracking-gas purifying separator 3 to separate oil, gas and water, the separated water enters the hydraulic ejector 2 through the circulating water pump 21 to be recycled, redundant oily sewage enters the oil-water separator to recover light cracking oil, the oil recovery rate reaches 50%, and the sewage enters the sewage treatment facility.
The combustible gas that separates out of pyrolysis gas purification separator 3 gets into cracker pressure balance case 7, and cracker pressure balance case 7 is the buoy type structure, can adjust 1 internal pressure of cracker main part equipment according to the counter weight, keeps 1 inside pressure-fired invariant of cracker main part equipment, prevents that air admission cracker main part equipment 1 from appearing the potential safety hazard.
Combustible gas from the pressure balance box 7 of the cracking machine passes through the first-stage cracking gas purification filter 4 and the second-stage cracking gas purification filter 5 in turn for desulfurization treatment, the purified combustible gas is pressurized by a compressor and then sent into the cracking gas storage cabinet 6, and then enters the self-preheating burner 13 to heat the radiant tube, so that energy is recovered. The purified combustible gas and the supplementary natural gas are mixed for use, the burned tail gas reaches the standard of a natural gas boiler, the supplementary natural gas amount changes along with the oil content of the oil sludge, the oil sludge with the oil content of more than 15 percent can reach heat balance, and natural gas does not need to be supplemented.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the main body 1 of the cracking machine of the oil sludge radiation cracking system in the embodiment of the invention; in fig. 3, the system comprises a main body device 1 of the cracking machine, a first-stage cracking unit, a second-stage cracking unit and a third-stage cracking unit are arranged in the main body device 1 of the cracking machine, a radiant heating pipe is also arranged in the main body device 1 of the cracking machine, a burner 13 is arranged on the main body device 1 of the cracking machine, a fuel gas distribution main pipe 14 is connected to the burner 13 for reasonably distributing fuel gas, a blower 10 and an air distribution main pipe 12 are arranged on the main body device 1 of the cracking machine, oil-containing sludge is arranged in an oil sludge distributor 8, get into cracker main unit 1 through the oil sludge propeller, the carbonization greasy dirt that the three-layer schizolysis was handled and is accomplished discharges through discharger 9, sets up ejection of compact spiral 15 and ejection of compact airlock 16 on the discharger 9, still sets up tail gas discharge pipe 11 on the cracker main unit 1, and tail gas discharge pipe 11 is linked together with radiant heating pipe, discharges the tail gas that the gas combustion produced.
Specifically, the oil sludge distributor 8 is a cuboid with an opening at the upper part, a propelling screw is arranged on the oil sludge propeller, the propelling screw penetrates through the oil sludge distributor 8 and enters the main body 1 of the cracking machine, the oil sludge distributor 8 is of a structure with an opening at the upper part of the cuboid in the embodiment of the invention, and the shape of the cuboid is only used as an example and is not limited to the shape of the cuboid.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a cracking gas purification separator 3 in an oil sludge radiation cracking system in the embodiment of the invention, in FIG. 4, oil-containing sludge forms oil-gas water in a cracking machine main body device 1 through three-layer cracking, the oil-gas water enters the cracking gas purification separator 3 through an oil-gas-water discharge pipe 18 through a hydraulic ejector 2, a circulating water pump 21, a cracking machine pressure balance box 7 and an oil-water separator are respectively connected to the cracking gas purification separator 3, the cracking machine pressure balance box 7 is sequentially connected with a primary cracking gas purification filter 4, a secondary cracking gas purification filter 5 and a cracking gas storage cabinet 6, the circulating water pump 21 is communicated with the hydraulic ejector 2 through a circulating water pipe 17, a pipeline cleaner is arranged between the cracking machine main body device 1 and the cracking gas purification separator 3, the oil-gas water enters the cracking gas purification separator 3 through the hydraulic ejector 2 and the pipeline cleaner, the pipeline cleaner is provided with a pipeline cleaner speed reducer 20.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first-stage cracked gas purifying filter 4 and the second-stage cracked gas purifying filter 5 are both cylindrical, and the shape is not limited to this specific shape, and applications that only change the shape on this basis are within the scope of the present invention, and the cracked gas storage cabinet 6 is a cylindrical structure with a recess at the upper end, and the cracker pressure balance box 7 is a cylindrical structure with a protrusion at the upper portion.
In fig. 3, the cracked gas storage cabinet 6 is communicated with the gas distribution main pipe 14 through a cracked gas supply pipe 22, the cracked gas supply pipe 22 is connected with a supplementary natural gas pipe 19, the purified combustible gas and the supplementary natural gas are mixed for use, the burned tail gas reaches the standard of a natural gas boiler, the supplementary natural gas amount changes along with the oil content of the oil sludge, the oil sludge with the oil content of more than 15% can reach heat balance, and natural gas does not need to be supplemented.
The invention adopts dry and wet oil sludge produced by gas fields and oil fields to produce light oil, cement building material raw materials, high-grade highway roadbed materials and oil area highway roadbed materials through a thermal cracking process, and carries out innocent treatment, thereby opening up a new way for the reasonable utilization of the oil sludge; the invention is designed aiming at the characteristics of the oil sludge, and provides a whole set of complete oil sludge treatment steps and matched equipment; the equipment used in the invention is improved in a targeted manner, and a mode of heating the oil sludge updating surface by secondary internal radiation is adopted, so that the coking problem is effectively solved, and the safe and normal operation of the equipment in the process is ensured; the theoretical basis of the heat of the invention is the thermal cracking of petroleum, and the two purposes of dewatering and deoiling are simultaneously achieved by a thermal cracking machine. The invention provides a reliable process composition, which ensures that the oily sludge is qualified and ensures the normal operation of treatment equipment. The whole process is in modular design, easy to assemble, overhaul, upgrade and reform, and has the characteristics of low maintenance cost and high automation degree.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A process for the pyrolysis of oily sludge, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step a, performing primary cracking on the oily sludge, and performing evaporative cracking to obtain water and light oil in the oily sludge to obtain dried oil sludge;
b, performing secondary cracking on the dried oil sludge, evaporating and cracking heavy oil in the oil-containing sludge, and carbonizing the oil-containing sludge;
and c, performing three-stage cracking on the light oil and the heavy oil in the evaporation process to obtain the combustible gas with high calorific value.
2. The method for cracking oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the primary cracking, the secondary cracking and the tertiary cracking all adopt a radiation heating mode.
3. The method for the pyrolysis of oil-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the oil-containing sludge is carbonized in the step b to obtain dry powder-like particles, and the oil content of the dry powder-like particles is less than 0.3%.
4. The method for cracking the oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the oily sludge is subjected to three-level cracking to obtain an oil-gas-water mixture, and the oil-gas-water mixture is discharged through a hydraulic ejector and enters a cracked gas purification separator;
the water separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator enters the hydraulic ejector for recycling through a circulating pump; the oily sewage separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator enters an oil-water separator for oil-water separation; and the combustible gas separated by the pyrolysis gas purification separator is subjected to desulfurization treatment by a purifier, and energy is recovered.
5. The method for cracking oily sludge according to claim 4, wherein the combustible gas separated by the cracked gas purification separator is subjected to desulfurization treatment by a primary cracked gas purification filter and a secondary cracked gas purification filter in sequence, and energy is recovered.
6. A system for oily sludge breakdown, characterized in that the system comprises:
the primary cracking unit is used for performing primary cracking on the oily sludge, and evaporating and cracking water and light oil in the oily sludge to obtain dried oil sludge;
the secondary cracking unit is used for carrying out secondary cracking on the dried oil sludge, evaporating and cracking heavy oil in the oil-containing sludge, and carbonizing the oil-containing sludge;
and the third-stage cracking unit is used for carrying out third-stage cracking on the light oil and the heavy oil in the evaporation process to obtain the combustible gas with high calorific value.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein a radiant-heating pipe is provided within the system, and a surface of the radiant-heating pipe is coated with a catalytic cracking coating.
8. The system of claim 6, comprising a cracker main body apparatus comprising the primary cracking unit, the secondary cracking unit, and the tertiary cracking unit;
the system further comprises a hydraulic ejector, one end of the hydraulic ejector is communicated with the main body equipment of the cracking machine, the other end of the hydraulic ejector is connected with the cracking gas purification separator through an oil-gas-water discharge pipe, one end, far away from the hydraulic ejector, of the cracking gas purification separator is respectively connected with a circulating water pump, an oil-water separator and a cracking machine pressure balance box, the cracking machine pressure balance box is sequentially connected with a primary cracking gas purification filter and a secondary cracking gas purification filter, and a cracking gas storage cabinet is connected with the secondary cracking gas purification filter.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein a burner is further disposed on the main body of the cracker, and a main gas distribution pipe is connected to the burner, and the main gas distribution pipe is respectively connected to a cracked gas supply pipe and a supplementary natural gas pipe.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011480413.6A CN112724993A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | System and method for oil-containing sludge cracking |
| PCT/CN2021/107018 WO2022127103A1 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-07-19 | Oil sludge pyrolysis system and method |
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| CN108911456A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-30 | 李明泽 | A kind of new process for treating oil-containing sludge and system |
| CN113493697A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-12 | 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 | High-salt oil-containing sludge cracking device and method |
| CN114314978A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-04-12 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Recycling treatment process for organic solid hazardous waste heat cracking wastewater in steel industry |
| WO2022127103A1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 | Oil sludge pyrolysis system and method |
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| WO2022127103A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
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