JP2006037335A - Textile machinery and method for operating spinning machinery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an economical solution method by controlling motors for funnels and/or spindles in response to spinning conditions in large freedom as much as possible without severely controlling or adjusting as much as possible, in order to avoid a problem on the employment of thin bobbins, a problem on the exchange of bobbins having small outer peripheries for those having large outer peripheries, and a problem occurring at a weak place of a spun yarn. <P>SOLUTION: All spindle-driving motors and all balloon-limiting sleeve-driving motors are connected to common frequency converters, respectively, and the revolution of the balloon-limiting sleeve-driving motors and the revolution of the spindle-driving motors can automatically mutually independently adjusted in response to torques. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The invention comprises individual positions with a fiber device, preferably a spinning device or a twisting device, in particular a spindle for receiving a bobbin, and a balloon restricting sleeve overlapping the bobbin, each spindle and balloon restricting sleeve being electrically driven individually. It relates to a machine of the type to be used. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a machine.

  Balloon limiting sleeves used in the machine or method of the present invention are known per se. Spinning with this type of element is basically known, but has long been substantially excluded from ring spinning. In the meantime, the concepts developed for methods and elements vary widely. The balloon limiting sleeve in the present application includes all elements such as a funnel, a bell, a cap, and a support pipe, and these elements rotate around the rotation axis of an element (spindle) that forms a bobbin, so that spinning or twisting can be performed. Guide between the drawing machine and the bobbin. By rotating the spinning at this time, the free radial spread (balloon formation) of the twisting process is narrowly limited or prevented. In an advantageous configuration, the spinning is guided in contact with the inner surface of the sleeve, thereby forming a balloon.

The present invention involves four aspects of a spinning method that uses a balloon restricting sleeve. That is, mutual alignment of the rotational speed and the main operating element;
An advantageous way to achieve this alignment;
The combination of this kind of method in machine and program control;
-Economic solutions to the drive system of this machine;
It is.

  At present, spinning technology is generally known, and “yarn tension” is an important operating parameter of each spinning method and has a great influence on yarn quality. Therefore, many efforts have been made to control the yarn tension during spinning, i.e. to keep it particularly constant, so that relatively high quality yarns can be produced (e.g. EP-A-289009 to See EP-A-289010). The general problem with this concept is that neither “yarn tension” nor “yarn quality” is precisely defined, and in practice, a usable interaction between operating parameters and product characteristics. Will not come as expected. However, the prior art described later shows that the above efforts are still continued.

  As with the ring traveler's ring spinning, when spinning with a balloon limiting sleeve (hereinafter also referred to as funnel), the funnel carries the yarn to mount it on the bobbin. By rotating the narrowed balloon and simultaneously transporting the fiber material from the drawing machine, the yarn gets the rotation that is essential for its strength. The yarn is wound around the bobbin due to the rotational speed difference between the high-speed spindle supporting the bobbin and the narrowed balloon. However, the rotational speed difference between the spindle and the balloon varies. This is because the funnel rotational speed depends on the changing outer circumference of the bobbin to be wound. That is, the funnel to be caught up has to rotate faster as the outer periphery of the bobbin is smaller. When wound around a relatively small bobbin diameter, the disadvantageous parallelogram resembles a higher thread tension than when wound around a relatively large diameter. The yarn tension peak and the yarn tension sudden drop may lead to a decrease in spinning quality or may lead to yarn breakage. In order to break the yarn, it is known to support the funnel rotation by means of a specific motor in a textile machine of the type mentioned at the outset or to provide special braking (for example DE-A-3400327 or CH667289).

  In DE-A-3741430 (or EP-A-319783) which is the prior art of the present invention (first column, lines 30 to 38), the spindle drive unit and the funnel drive unit are connected to a common frequency control device, It is described to minimize control costs (funnels are referred to as bells in DE-A-3741430). Here, the rotation and load torque characteristic curves of the funnel motor should be matched as follows. That is, when the supply frequency for the spindle individual motor and the supply frequency for the funnel individual motor are the same, the funnel individual motor needs to be driven at a lower rotational speed than the rotational speed for the winding process. Should be consistent.

  An asynchronous motor is provided for the funnel drive, and this motor has a flat torque characteristic curve. Thus, the same frequency can be used for both motors, even if the funnel motor should be behind the spindle due to the required rotational speed difference for the winding process.

  Although adjustment of yarn tension is not the main issue of DE-A-3741430, proposals have been made to alleviate the problem of yarn tension that changes during funnel spinning within the framework of the main invention. In order to guarantee a constant yarn tension during the winding process, for example, the torque characteristic curve of the rotor motor is controlled depending on the winding ratio. In a further configuration of the invention according to DE-A-3741430, the rotor (bell) is provided with a braking device that can be switched on periodically (second column, lines 24 to 27).

  DE-A-3741430 also recognizes the problem of "winding ratio" and changing "winding diameter" (Figure 2, column 3, lines 37-46). The occurrence of this problem, which is not itself related to the funnel spinning method, is described in “Handbuch der textilen Fertigung: Die Kurzstapelspinnerei: Band1-Allgemeine Technologie der Kurzstapelspinnerei, pp. 55, 57”, W. Klein. That is, this problem is derived from the bobbin structure. This bobbin structure is related to spinning, and requires a corresponding structure of a winding mechanism that continuously changes and moves.

  The technical idea of DE-A-3741430 does not solve the problem of funnel spinning like other conventional techniques, and this method has not been realized economically until now.

  Another drawback of the prior art is the amount of frequency converter that the machine according to DE-A-3741430 requires. Using a common frequency converter for each funnel motor and spindle motor can save half of all the frequency converters used there, but still 800 or 1200 per spinning site A frequency converter is required. As a result, high procurement costs and maintenance costs arise.

Other disclosures from the prior art There have been many attempts to solve the problem of funnel spinning. The following examples are used only to show the direction of development so far.

  EP-A-476406: Starting from the solution according to DE-A-3741430, the task is to maintain the yarn tension constant within narrow limits depending on the predetermined spinning number. According to the proposed solution, one frequency converter is assigned to each individual motor of the spindle and individual motor of the bell (funnel). The converter is controllable so that the rotation speed of the spindle and the rotation speed of the bell can be adjusted by an arbitrary time function without depending on each other. This specification also discloses an expression that can be used to derive an appropriate control function. This technical idea also does not provide a usable solution to the problem.

  DE-A-4422420: The invention according to this publication uses magnetically supported elements in a spinning device. The sensor evaluates the axial deviation of the rotationally symmetric element from its target position as a measure for the changing yarn tension. A corresponding embodiment is described in connection with FIGS. However, no specific example of how the obtained signal can actually be used is shown here. Again, commercial realization is not known.

  EP-A-1072699: According to this publication, an obstacle to the further development of the ring spinning method is that it was previously impossible to measure the yarn tension during spinning. According to this invention, the yarn tension sensor is provided between the drawing machine and the bobbin, and the embodiment operates according to the funnel spinning method. But this seems trivial to the invention (column 5, lines 30-39). The spindle and funnel can be adjusted independently of each other, but are synchronized with each other (column 3, line 48 to column 4, line 21). This is to avoid an excessive increase in yarn tension. This adjustment method is converted into a control method based on the yarn tension sensor (the fifth column, lines 19 to 29). It is not disclosed how advantageous effects are achieved. In this case as well, the substantial configuration is not yet known.

  DE-A-19938493: This publication describes the composition of funnel spinning as well (funnel is referred to here as a support pipe). Here, one individual drive is provided for each spindle and funnel. Each drive unit can individually control its rotational speed, and the rotational speed difference between the pipe and the winding mold is arbitrarily adjusted. Here, the spindle is driven by a motor whose rotation speed can be controlled as is well known (fourth column, lines 18 to 20).

  JP-A-2002-105777: This publication does not refer to DE-A-3741430, but goes into the problem of changing bobbin diameter already mentioned in this DE specification. This JP specification proposes to change the rotational speed of the bell drive motor in response to the change in the bobbin winding diameter. As shown in FIG. 2 of DE-A-3741430, in this case, the rotation speed of the bell is automatically changed, and the automatic adaptation of the bell rotation speed is replaced by the control adaptation. However, the corresponding machine is not known until now, and there is doubt as to whether this bell speed control adaptation is appropriate to solve the funnel spinning problem.

  In summary, these publications do not provide important knowledge about drive control or drive systems. These publications start from means by which the drive system can be arbitrarily adjusted. The fact that funnel spinning is still uncompetitive indicates that the process is not correct. As already mentioned, the present invention starts from DE-A-3741430.

The present invention relates to a spinning method in which a spinning bobbin is formed on a rotatable bobbin support (for example, a spindle), and the spinning is delivered to the bobbin by a rotatable guide element. Funnel spinning methods belong to this category. The two elements, preferably the bobbin support and the guide element, are preferably driven in a controllable manner. The bobbin support and the guide element perform a controlled relative movement (change movement) to form a predetermined bobbin. The finished spinning bobbin does not have a perfect cylindrical surface, and the finished cup has a conical surface in the uppermost part. The method according to the invention is characterized in that during a predetermined part of bobbin formation, the number of rotations of the bobbin support is varied depending on the relative movement.

  The invention is particularly advantageous when operating at high spindle speeds. This spindle speed is 1.5 to 5 times larger than the current ring spinning and equivalent spinning.

  The ability to spin at such a high spindle speed is basically an advantage of the funnel spinning method over the ring spinning method.

  Changing the bobbin support rotation speed according to the present invention can be performed by appropriate control as a function of relative motion. Appropriate control can be derived by appropriate variations from JP-A-2002-105777 described above. In this case, however, the control can also operate depending on the bobbin formation. However, this requires a relatively complex control program. In an advantageous embodiment, the rotational speed change is made automatically depending on the changing load characteristics. This load characteristic is derived from the changing diameter of the bobbin, as already basically explained in the prior art. The bobbin support is driven or controlled so as to obtain the required rotational speed characteristics of the spindle drive unit from the changing load characteristics.

Due to the change in the rotational speed of the bobbin support, the thread tension between the guide element and the bobbin support is reduced or stabilized. However, the present invention does not depend on obtaining this effect. You can think of the following:
-In the system according to DE-A-3741430 (see in particular Fig. 2), the thread guide element (bell or funnel) must be adapted to a constantly changing winding ratio, and the quality of the conformation is the element (or its Depends only on structure, drive and bearing).
• In the system according to the invention, the bobbin support can also be adapted and the obstacle factor can be adjusted to compensate for a homogeneous method.
In the case of a minor failure of the system due to thick or thin parts, the system of the present invention allows this. Therefore, faults rarely lead to yarn breakage.
• The effect of mass inertia is reduced by the relaxation of funnel acceleration and deceleration. This increases the speed potential. This is because the maximum acceleration and maximum speed are reached only at relatively high rotational speeds.
-A relatively small sleeve outer diameter is possible. This allows for relatively small cup outer diameters and funnel diameters. The required energy is reduced.

  Even if this theory does not match, the method of the present invention can obtain a better spinning value than the method of keeping the spindle rotation speed constant.

However, this assumption reminds us that adjusting the yarn tension, especially in the free yarn section between the funnel and bobbin, forms the fundamental problem of realizing funnel spinning. In the following, for reasons explained in connection with FIGS. 3 to 5, this assumption forces that it should be spun with a relatively thin sleeve. The bobbin diameter should be limited, especially when the spindle speed is high. This is to make energy consumption advantageous. At the same time, however, the bobbin diameter should be kept as small as possible. This is to make the spinning body as thin as possible when the cup weight is the same. Correspondingly, the present invention proposes to use a bobbin whose upper outer edge sleeve diameter is in the region of 14 to 17 mm. Currently, the diameter of the upper edge of the bobbin used for ring spinning is about 20 mm.
DE-A-3400327 CH667289 DE-A-3741430 EP-A-319783 EP-A-476406 DE-A-4422420 EP-A-1072699 JP-A-2002-105777

  It is an object of the present invention to avoid problems when using thin bobbins and / or problems when changing from small to large bobbin perimeters and / or problems that occur at weak points in spinning. Instead of adapting the motors and / or spindle motors to the spinning conditions and controlling or adjusting them as severely as possible, an economic solution is to allow these problems with as much freedom as possible.

According to the invention, this object is a textile machine, preferably a spinning machine or a twisting machine, comprising a spindle for accommodating a bobbin and individual positions with a balloon restricting sleeve overlapping the bobbin, the spindle and the balloon restricting sleeve being In each type of textile machine that is electrically driven,
All spindle drive motors and all balloon limit sleeve drive motors are connected to one common frequency converter,
The balloon limiting sleeve drive motor and the spindle drive motor are configured independently of each other so that the number of rotations can be automatically adjusted depending on the torque.

  The basic technical idea of the present invention according to claim 1 is to distribute the rotational speed adaptation between the spindle driving unit and the funnel driving unit necessary for winding. Here, for example, asynchronous motors are preferably used for the spindle drive and the funnel drive, so that they can be adjusted depending on the load. In other words, the motor basically adjusts its rotational speed by itself depending on the load torque that acts effectively. For this purpose, it is not necessary to perform advanced control and adjustment in order to achieve the required adaptation. Therefore, there is no need to provide feedback to the control circuit for this purpose of adapting the rotational speed to this basic machine. The motor can change the rotational speed within a predetermined tolerance limit by adjusting the characteristic curve.

  However, an actual machine is provided with a rotation speed control unit for another reason. Thereby, the rotation speed of the operating element can be adjusted during operation, and can be determined according to a predetermined program. For use in a machine according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control is configured as follows. In other words, the control unit is configured on the one hand to ensure the desired control function and on the other hand not to impair automatic basic adaptation. Therefore, the control or adjustment of the spindle speed is advantageously “soft” and the predetermined target value is basically maintained, but deviations within a predetermined tolerance limit are allowed.

Machine control is currently usually a programmable control (computer) and can be programmed to execute a basic program. Here, the basic rotational speed of the operating element is detected in advance. In connection with the present invention, this type of control is used for optimization, for example: predictable (calculatable)
The effects that occur periodically and / or are detectable by the sensor are adjusted;

  This type of control of the spindle motor and funnel motor is configured such that the torque exerted by the motor is changed in a short time with a slight phase difference with respect to the turning point of the variable motion. In this way, for example, before the tip of the cone, the supply frequency of the funnel motor can be reduced for a short time, the speed can be reduced, and the torque can be increased. After the tip of the cone, this frequency can be increased for a short time, increasing the funnel speed and reducing the torque. On the other hand, the spindle can be accelerated before the conical peak and decelerated after this is reached.

  Furthermore, the predictable peak in yarn tension and yarn breakage can be almost completely removed. This is done by setting a drive pulse to the motor proactively by control and preventing an imminent voltage change. This type of pulse includes short, greatly delayed or accelerated torque pulses that clearly change the frequency for a frequency controlled motor.

  Furthermore, by appropriate control, the motor characteristic curve can be set depending on the operating conditions by changing the supply frequency and supply voltage for the funnel motor and spindle motor. This can be done depending on the relative position of the funnel and spindle, for example depending on the position in the bobbin structure or the program phase for the bobbin structure and / or on the changing stroke. By changing the characteristic curve in time, one or both of the two actions can be obtained. That is, on the one hand, the required braking or acceleration of the spindle and funnel is tolerated and the expected mass inertia torque is at least partially compensated by the controlled variable motor torque. This phase shift is thereby reduced. On the other hand, different winding lengths for different winding diameters result in a motor characteristic curve that is flattened or steepened as necessary at each rotation and upon force action on the yarn, spindle and funnel. To be compensated for. That is, when the yarn tension is changed, the response of the change in the rotation speed of the spindle and / or the funnel is generated to an appropriate degree. Insufficient or excessive responses are thus avoided. The slope of the motor characteristic curve is consistent with the function of the adjustment intensity in the self-adjusting system.

  What is important in the present invention is that in the first aspect of the invention according to claim 1 all funnel motors and all spindle motors are connected to a single frequency converter. Thus, for the entire machine, two frequency converters are provided for the spindle drive and funnel drive instead of hundreds of frequency converters. A predetermined (electrical) voltage frequency characteristic curve is set independently for each of the frequency converters of the spindle motor and the funnel motor, and the motor is automatically optimized based on the voltage frequency characteristic curve. The speed controller in the frequency converter can be a proportional-integral controller (PI), allowing a relatively large deviation from the target value.

  This automatic adjustment system has significant advantages over the prior art. Since the number of frequency converters per machine has been reduced from several hundred to two, the manufacturing costs are obviously greatly reduced, and the maintenance costs of the machines are also reduced. Despite omitting hard controls or important adjustments for motor speed adaptation, uniform quality spinning can be produced without breakage. Furthermore, the machine of the present invention is sufficiently user friendly. This is because the operation is more reliable than a conventional textile machine equipped with a funnel spinning device or a funnel twisting device.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a part of a textile machine 1 of the type mentioned at the outset with a spindle 2 and individual working points with a balloon restricting sleeve (funnel) 3 engaging the spindle. Each individual work location is individually driven by motors 6-7. Here, all the spindle motors 6 and the funnel motors 7 are connected to one frequency converter 4 to 5, respectively. A suitable machine configuration for funnel spinning is described in Swiss Patent Application No. 1580/03 (filed 15 September 2003).

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic section of the working part of the machine of FIG. 1, here a spinning position, a cup 9 and a drawing machine 10 formed on the spindle 2, and a yarn unwinding element at the lower end of the balloon limiting sleeve 3 (Aprons) 18 The balloon limiting sleeve 3, in particular the member 18, in FIG. 2 engages the cup 9. The cup is wound around a bobbin 8 (not shown in FIG. 2), and the bobbin is supported by the spindle 2 and rotated thereby. The thread course in the balloon limiting sleeve (funnel) is shown in broken lines. The yarn is guided through a yarn guide element (eg, a through hole) 16 at the lower edge of the apron 18. This thread guide element is fixedly attached to the apron. Other fixed forms are also conceivable, for example they can be incorporated into the apron so that they can be released, moved and rotated depending on the load. A free thread section 14 extends between the element 16 and the receiving surface of the bobbin, and this thread section is also indicated by a broken line in FIG. The shape of the receiving surface will be described in detail below.

  FIG. 3 again shows the elements of FIG. This is in particular the uppermost end of the bobbin 8 and projects from the cup 9 formed. Also shown is the tip K of the cup running in a conical shape. The spindle axis is indicated by A. The support portion (not shown) of the funnel 3 is arranged so that the fan-el 3 similarly rotates around the axis A. The outer surface of the bobbin 8 has a radius r at the uppermost end, and the cylindrical outer surface of the cup and the base of the tip K thereby have a much larger radius R. FIG. 3 also shows the part from the lowest end of the element 8 and is in two virtual positions (heights) relative to the cup 9. The lower edge of this part 8 is at the height of the base of the tip K at one position and at the apex at the other position. The inner diameter of the lower edge of the funnel 3 and / or the diameter of the outer surface of the cup are chosen so that the yarn guide is spaced from the outer surface of the cup in two positions. As will be explained in the next paragraph, these two positions are preferably achieved by axial movement of the spindle relative to the funnel 3 fixed to the shaft.

  The height difference of the position corresponds to the changing stroke H. This stroke H is defined by a winding mechanism and is well known to those skilled in the art, so it will not be described here. By this mechanism, the yarn fed from the portion 8 is formed on the bobbin by wrapping the cup in this embodiment. The relative or changing movement defined by the winding mechanism is achieved on the basis of an element fixed in the axis and an element movable in the axial direction or on two elements movable in the axial direction. An advantageous variant embodiment has an axially movable spindle and a fixed axle.

  The outer surface of the cup (yarn bobbin) is not completely cylindrical, so that the yarn is wound on the empty bobbin 8 with a radius r and on the already formed yarn layer with a relatively large radius up to the radius R of the cylindrical outer surface. This is also a characteristic configuration of cup formation. The effect of this configuration is already described in DE-A-3741430 (and JP-A-2002-105777) for a constant spindle speed ns, and is shown here in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, in the DE specification, the funnel rotational speed nG must be adapted depending on the changing motion in forming the conical cup portion.

  FIG. 5 shows the changing stroke H as well. However, the changing motion is not shown as a speed / time diagram, but as a distance / time diagram. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the funnel rotational speed nG is the minimum at each uppermost inversion point and the maximum at each lowermost inversion point. FIG. 5 corresponds to the prior art.

Torques that determine system characteristics are related to each other as follows.
For funnels, the following applies:
M _motor + M _{thread tension} = M _{bearing part} + M _{air resistance} + M _{inertial mass}
The following formula applies to the spindle:
M _motor = M _bearing + M _{air resistance} + M _{inertia mass} + M _{thread tension}
M _{inertial mass} > 0 during acceleration and M _{inertial mass} <0 during deceleration.

  The yarn tension discussed here is the tension in the free yarn section between the funnel and the cup. If the sizes do not match for a short time, the torque generated from the yarn tension will rise or fall correspondingly above the adjustment amount, ie the yarn tension in the free yarn section.

  The problems that arise from this and are already known in the prior art are further increased when using thin bobbins. The larger the ratio of the diameter of the circle the yarn guide element of the funnel travels (which determines the height at which the spinning is wound around the bobbin) and the diameter of the bobbin, the greater the distance between the spindle and funnel when winding it around the empty bobbin The rotational speed difference becomes larger. If the spinning is wound on the relatively large outer diameter of the cup, the speed difference between the funnel and the spindle is small. As shown, the upper side of the spinning body wound around the bobbin (to which the newly spun yarn is wound) is usually a tapered cone upward, preferably a straight-edged cone. . As the spindle with the bobbin is pulled axially with respect to the funnel, the wound diameter becomes progressively smaller. If the funnel follows, this funnel must slow down until it reaches the minimum value when it can be wound around the bobbin diameter.

  The smaller the bobbin diameter, the faster the funnel must be decelerated. The load torque that counteracts the driving torque, that is, the bearing resistance torque and the air resistance torque assist this deceleration.

  If the drive torque, i.e. motor torque and yarn tension torque, and inertial mass torque are too large to achieve the required deceleration, the yarn tension is relaxed. In extreme cases, this can bring the yarn tension between the drawing machine and the funnel to zero. Bobbins have soft windings that can slip off. It is possible to form a yarn reserve that disappears only when the funnel rotates slowly enough. Yarn tension is again formed. The funnel is inevitably overly slow, so that the funnel is rapidly accelerated by the tensioned yarn. Again, a tension tension peak occurs due to the inertial mass. In both the peak and the opposite case, the yarn pulling force is insufficient, and the bearing portion slips, so that rotation transmission is not performed, leading to yarn breakage. Since this process occurs regularly at all spinning points simultaneously, such spinning machines can no longer be operated by this kind of tension fluctuation.

  FIG. 6 shows the motion characteristics for the device of the present invention. Here, the curves nG and H are the same as those in FIG. However, in this case, it is premised that the spindle rotation speed nS is not constant and a tooth wave is formed. This tooth-like wave passes reversely with respect to the wave having the funnel rotational speed nG. Furthermore, it can be seen from these figures that these waves are symmetric about the average value indicated by the broken line. Here, this average value corresponds to the constant rotational speed nS in FIGS. However, the fluctuation of the spindle rotation speed is an explanatory example and is not important for the present invention.

  7A to 7B show the comparative difference between the configuration of FIGS. 4 and 5 and the configuration of FIG. FIG. 7A corresponds to the relationship according to FIG. A rotational speed difference a between a constant spindle rotational speed nS and a variable funnel rotational speed nG occurs at the highest reversal point of the change motion, and the spindle precedes at this time. This rotation speed difference a ensures that the yarn is wound around the outer surface of the minimum yarn length cup 9 per unit time as usual even in the case of the maximum funnel rotation speed. At the lowest inversion point of the changing process, a considerably large rotational speed difference b occurs between a constant spindle rotational speed nS and a funnel rotational speed nG.

  FIG. 7B corresponds to the relationship according to FIG. Between the changing rotation speeds nS and nG, a rotation speed difference a occurs at the highest inversion point of the change motion, and a rotation speed difference b occurs at the lowest inversion point. However, the rotational speed adaptation that takes place via the changing stroke is distributed over the two yarn handling elements, namely the funnel and the spindle. It should be noted that the tooth wave of FIGS. 4 to 7 is greatly simplified to explain the basic principle. An approximation to actual drive conditions is further described below.

  The rotational speed characteristics of FIG. 6 can be realized by control. However, as described above to the actual drive conditions, like an approximation, this type of control has a relatively complex programming and / or hard controls the rotational speed via the yarn tension. This is described, for example, in EP-A-1072699. Moreover, this control requires a special adjustment action and must achieve optimum operating characteristics. A self-adjusting embodiment is therefore advantageous and will be described in detail below.

First, see the schematic representation of FIG. This figure shows the state according to FIG. 3 separately. The same geometry is shown in front view in FIG. 3 and in plan view in FIG. Here, two free yarn sections are shown, one being the uppermost portion 14A and one being the lowermost portion 14B. FIG. 8 additionally shows a virtual radial vector V, which is rotated about the axis A by the spindle speed ω. For the following explanation:
The storage point at which the yarn hits the outer surface of the cup 9 or the sleeve 8 is at the highest inversion point (radius r) and at the lowest inversion point (radius R) on the vector V.
・ Spindle speed ω is constant (Fig. 4).
• The string tension is also constant (which is not possible in practice, but is simplified for the sake of explanation. This simplification does not affect the importance of the basic explanation).
The linearity (circumferential speed) of element 16 (FIG. 2) consists of two elements, one of which is a function of the winding radius (K1). The other element (K2) is a function of the winding rotational speed (= spindle / funnel rotational speed difference) and can be ignored for the following explanation.

  Therefore, the load torque acting on the spindle is determined by Fr at the highest inversion point and by FR at the lowest inversion point. The element K1 of the peripheral speed of the element 16 is determined by ωr at the highest inversion point and by ωR at the lowest inversion point. The funnel speed nG must be adapted accordingly through the changing process. This is the same as described in the prior art. The spindle speed must be kept constant despite the change in load. This is simply done by controlling an asynchronous motor as the funnel drive motor 7. However, FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 show two different methods, and a constant rotation speed can be obtained even if the torque characteristic curve of the asynchronous motor depends on the load. However, this requires hard control, and this hard control leads the rotational speed to the target value as accurately as possible. This type of control is not suitable for the preferred embodiment of the invention. This control should be replaced by a soft control, which will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 11 shows two torque characteristics according to FIG. 9 as an example. Here, it is assumed that the drive system of the machine of FIG. 1 operates at a constant spindle speed n1 in accordance with the relationship of FIG. In this case (according to FIG. 8), the load torque M1 = Fr acting on the spindle 2 from the funnel acts at the highest inversion point and the corresponding load torque M2 = FR acts at the lowest inversion point. The speed characteristics are adapted by hard control, and each motor 6 can provide a relatively high torque at a constant speed. However, even when no control is performed or soft control is performed, the motor can provide the required relatively high torque. In particular, even when the rotational speed is reduced to n2 without changing the torque characteristics, the required torque can be provided. With this characteristic, the spindle rotational speed can be automatically adapted according to FIG. That is, from here, a relatively high rotational speed can be obtained with a relatively low torque at the highest inversion point, and a relatively low rotational speed can be obtained with a relatively high torque at the lowest inversion point.

  Automaticity arises from the fact that the rotational speed characteristic of an asynchronous motor is dependent on the load when the load characteristic changes, and this variable load characteristic arises from the geometry of the system. This geometry is not directly related to the changing motion, but rather to the function of the winding mechanism to control the changing motion in a predetermined way to form a bobbin (cup) that does not have a completely cylindrical outer surface. Related. When forming a bobbin by winding on a non-cylindrical portion of the outer surface, a relationship arises between the changing motion and the variable load characteristics previously described.

  The automatic nature of the rotational speed adaptation offers a significant advantage. This is because the need for adaptation does not arise from the change motion itself, but arises from this motion in the context of changing bobbin formation. Even though the changing movement hardly changes from the beginning to the end of the cup formation, the diameter hardly changes in the axial direction of the cup section in the first stage of the cup formation. Therefore, in this phase, the rotation speed of the spindle motor is hardly adapted. However, if the change motion does not change, the diameter changes in the axial direction automatically and in a self-adjusting manner (for controlling the action by the winding mechanism), and the rotation speed is adjusted at each time of cup formation.

  In order to achieve the appropriate action by control, the control unit must be provided with a sensor or a corresponding calculation function (eg time calculation function), and this calculation function must be able to distinguish the various times of cup formation. Don't be. This optimization of control requires exceptional skill from the operation side. The present invention is not basically limited to asynchronous motors even when processed by control rather than automatically. Even if handled automatically, a load dependent motor type can be used, where the motor is advantageously frequency controlled.

  Based on FIG. 12, the soft control of the spindle motor 6 suitable for the present invention will be described. The control device operates according to known feedback principles. That is, an actual value signal depending on the rotation speed is obtained by the sensor 20, and this signal is fed back to the comparison stage 22. In stage 22, the actual value signal is compared with a predetermined target value and a difference signal is determined from this comparison. The motor controller responds to the determined difference and adapts the rotational speed of the spindle motor 6 so that this difference becomes zero.

There are basically three “responses” to the difference.
-Proportional response to difference (p);
Integrate response (i), i.e. not yet controlled, responding in proportion to the accumulated difference;
-Differential response (d), that is, response in proportion to the rate of change of the difference.
Here, in the actual control, only the p component and the i component are used.

  The effective action of each “response type” is adjusted by selecting an amplification factor in the control unit. Controls can be programmed to respond hard based on relatively high amplification factors. As a result, the actual rotational speed is maintained within a narrow tolerance limit with respect to the target rotational speed. However, the control can be programmed to respond softly based on a relatively low amplification factor. Thereby, deviations from the target rotational speed are possible within a relatively wide tolerance limit. Typically, the control is programmed to respond as hard as possible as long as the stability of the control is not compromised.

  In this case, software is controlled so that a change in the load torque causes a deviation from the target value, and the motor tends to return to the target rotational speed as soon as the load torque becomes weaker. The wavy load characteristic causes a reverse wavy rotational speed characteristic of the motor as described above. Nevertheless, the machine can be controlled by soft control according to a basic program provided with start-up, normal operation and end of operation. Unlike ring spinning machines, it is not necessary to change the basic rotational speed over the period of cup formation. This is because the balloon is not considered. The machine is started, for example over a period of several minutes, and the operating speed is basically maintained until the end of the cup-forming cycle.

  The motor 6 in FIG. 12 is preferably a frequency control motor, and the motor controller 24 is preferably a controllable frequency source, in particular a controllable frequency converter in this figure. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, only one frequency converter 4 is provided for all spindle motors, and the converter 4 is configured and programmed as a controllable converter with soft control functions. The feedback signal for this type of converter is described in CH-B-686889.

  However, it is obvious that the spinning machine can be provided with a plurality of frequency converters for a plurality of spindle motors. For example, it is possible to provide a plurality of transducers each assigned to one spindle group. Of course, it is possible to provide a converter for each spindle motor, but the current production cost is out of the question for economic reasons.

  In practice, a simple image is complicated, and additional factors that should be considered in a practical embodiment are briefly described. However, the solution to this additional problem is not the subject of the present invention.

  We have already mentioned that Figures 4, 5, and 6 are simplified to explain the basic principle. This simplification is that the cup formation is actually formed from the main winding and the cross winding, and the cross winding is largely separated from each other, and is a winding that is guided downward with a steep slope. based on. This cross winding is caused by a changing motion phase in which the relative movement of the yarn guide element is carried out relatively quickly. In the specific example of funnel spinning according to FIG. 3, the spindle 2 is shifted relatively slowly upwards by the winding mechanism, the storage point of the yarn is moved from the cone base to the cone apex, at which time the main layer is formed, Again, the storage point is moved down to the base at high speed again, thereby starting a new winding cycle.

  As a result, the yarn guide element can have a relatively long time for adapting the required rotational speed when forming the main layer, but a relatively short time can be obtained when performing cross winding. The tooth waves in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 can be symmetric, but in practice they are usually asymmetric and are strongly asymmetrically distributed around the maximum or minimum point. This creates additional problems, especially with the dynamics or geometry at the cup tip or cone tip.

  The funnel 3 is always decelerated relatively strongly when forming the final main layer of the conical bobbin section. At this time, the inertial mass of the funnel reacts with this. In some cases, the yarn tension is greatly reduced as the yarn reserve is formed. Meanwhile, the moved frame has already reached the reversal point and accelerates strongly in the opposite direction. A yarn reserve is formed while the funnel becomes even slower. This is true even if the funnel has to be greatly accelerated again if the thread is tensioned. When the yarn reserve is formed, the funnel is shockedly accelerated by the yarn pulling action, and a yarn tension peak is generated. This effect can be mitigated by making the spindle speed and funnel speed compatible with each other (Fig. 6), but it is not completely eliminated.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram showing parameters related to the spinning process over a plurality of strokes of the change motion. The uppermost curve nSP indicates the spindle rotation speed. The second curve HSpb shows the formation of the spindle bank stroke. Comparing the two curves nSp and HSpb shows the relationship between the spindle speed nSp and the movement of the spindle bank HSpb. When the spindle bank is at the top, i.e. at the bobbin tip, the spindle 2 must have a minimum speed nSp. This is because the sleeve 8 is wound around the minimum diameter. The third curve nT shows the course of the funnel speed. This is the opposite direction to the spindle speed curve. The fourth curve fF shows the progress of yarn tension. Here, in this process, the strong thread tension peak described above occurs especially during the formation of the cone tip.

  The parenthesis of the fourth curve divides the double stroke into two groups or phases P1 and P2. P1 is the normal winding phase and there is no optimization pulse to the motor. Compared to P1, P2 shows the effect of this type of pulse. The rotational speed is adjusted as described above before reaching the maximum value. The progress of the yarn tension indicates that the tension peak has been substantially completely removed.

  The fifth and sixth lines show examples for signals extracted by the basic program and optimization control. The left half of each line shows a constant signal, which corresponds to a predetermined constant number of revolutions (e.g. spindle or funnel). As already explained, this signal does not prevent the spindle speed from changing due to the automatic adaptation of the spindle drive to the change in winding ratio during the changing movement. However, the fourth line shows that the automatic adaptation of the drive system is not capable of continuously matching the spindle and funnel drive to each other. Therefore, periodically, a yarn tension peak occurs once every change cycle. This is because, for example, a yarn reserve (a slack yarn section) is formed between the funnel and the bobbin.

  The right half of each line shows various optimization signals. The fifth line shows the optimization pulse mentioned at the beginning. This pulse solves the problem of “thread reserve” formation when the funnel is periodically preceded. This pulse forms a strong periodic braking action on the funnel based on the funnel drive. Essentially the same effect can be achieved by accelerating the spindle. However, this solution requires additional solutions to the problem because the inertial mass of the spindle and bobbin changes. The control signal triggers the drive pulse in advance because the desired effect is formed periodically for a configurable point in the change cycle. That is, it is triggered before the yarn reserve occurs. This can prevent the original problem from occurring.

  The sixth line shows an optimization signal consisting of a continuous level change (sweep), and this level change is superimposed on the base level. For simplicity of illustration, this change is shown as a dentate wave, but it is clear that the effective waveform must be adapted to the required optimization. As already described for the fifth line, the optimized wave of the sixth line can create a phase shift compared to the change cycle, preventing the occurrence of a problem situation. Of course, the optimization signal of the fifth line can be combined with the optimization of the sixth line.

  FIG. 14 supplements the configuration of FIG. 1 by computer-controlled μC. The two frequency converters 4 and 5 are configured according to FIG. 12, and each receives a target value from the central control unit μC according to its programming. Further, FIG. 14 schematically shows the winding mechanism 26. This winding mechanism is also controlled by the central control unit μC to form a required change motion.

  Said optimization is preferably performed by funnel acceleration or deceleration. That is, control is performed by acting on the frequency converter 5. This does not exclude optimization by control adjustment of the spindle or the two elements.

  The present invention is not limited to the above optimization example, and other optimization means are possible. For example, it is possible to control and change the slope of the motor characteristic curve, which has already been described at the beginning. The change in inclination can be performed according to the principle generally shown in FIG. This control can also generate an optimization signal and adjust the computable effect. Appropriate if the funnel mass is known and the yarn tension target value, as well as the storage resistance and air resistance (determined as one value from idle speed and power consumption) via the yarn count, are appropriate It can be calculated via torque adjustment how long and at what intensity it must accelerate or decelerate in order to achieve a correct response at any given time.

  Distributing the wave characteristic of the rotational speed difference between the funnel and the spindle to the rotational speeds of the two elements is advantageously performed so that this rotational speed difference is distributed approximately evenly between the two elements. Depending on the actual configuration of the element and cup filling, the operating point for an element may require a relatively large or relatively small wavy rotational speed change for the other element. The adaptation can in this case take place via a change in the amplification factor or a change in the motor characteristic curve.

1 is a schematic view of a textile machine of the type described at the beginning. It is the schematic which shows a part of operation | movement part of this machine. FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the configuration of FIG. It is a copy of FIG. 2 of DE-A-3741430. FIG. 5 is a diagram obtained by modifying FIG. 4 by adding a curve indicating a change motion. FIG. 6 is a diagram obtained by modifying FIG. 5 with a curve schematically showing changes in spindle rotation speed according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a detailed diagram illustrating the operation of the deformation of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a load relationship in the configuration of FIG. A diagram from Chemiefassern / Textilindstrie in November 1979. A diagram from Chemiefassern / Textilindstrie in November 1979. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an advantageous embodiment of the present invention; And FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of controls used in a machine according to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram which shows various operation parameter progress of the funnel spinning machine of this invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a modified embodiment of FIG.

Claims (22)

Textile machine (1), preferably a spinning or twisting machine, comprising a spindle (2) for accommodating a bobbin and individual positions with a balloon restricting sleeve (3) overlapping the bobbin, the spindle and the balloon restricting sleeve In each type of textile machine that is electrically driven,
The drive motors (6) for all spindles (2) and the drive motors for all balloon limiting sleeves (3) are each connected to one common frequency converter (4, 5),
The drive motor (7) of the balloon limiting sleeve (3) and the drive motor (6) of the spindle (2) can be automatically adjusted independently of each other depending on the torque. A textile machine characterized by that.   The textile machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the drive motors (6, 7) of the spindle (2) and the balloon limiting sleeve (3) are left to automatically adjust the set target values. Yes.   3. The textile machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drive motor (6, 7) of the spindle (2) and the balloon limiting sleeve (3) has a supply voltage characteristic curve / frequency characteristic curve independent of each other. Can be set.   4. The textile machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the motors of the spindle (2) and the balloon limiting sleeve (3) are asynchronous motors. In the driving method of the textile machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The drive motor (7) of the balloon limiting sleeve (3) and the drive motor (6) of the spindle (2) can be automatically adjusted independently of each other depending on the torque. A driving method characterized by that. A spinning method for forming a spinning bobbin on a bobbin support (for example, a spindle) that rotates about a predetermined axis,
Spinning is similarly delivered to the bobbin by a guide element that can rotate about the axis,
Controllably drive at least one of the bobbin supports or two elements of the bobbin support and the guide element;
In the method of forming the bobbin such that the bobbin support and the guide element perform a controlled relative movement (variation movement), and the spun bobbin formed thereby has an incomplete cylindrical outer surface,
A spinning method, characterized in that, during a predetermined period of bobbin formation, the rotational speed of the bobbin support is changed depending on the relative motion.   7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rotational speed change is automatically made dependent on the changing load characteristics resulting from the bobbin diameter change.   8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the drive of the bobbin support or the control for the drive is configured such that a required rotational speed characteristic is automatically obtained by changing load characteristics. A spinning machine, such as a funnel spinning machine, having a bobbin support (e.g., a spindle) that rotates about a predetermined axis and a guide element that also rotates about the axis and feeds the spinning to the bobbin,
At least one controllable drive for the bobbin support, preferably one controllable drive for each of the two elements, bobbin support and guide element, and controlled relative movement of the bobbin support and guide element (Change movement), thereby having a mechanism for forming a bobbin,
In a spinning machine of a type in which the formed spinning bobbin does not have a complete cylindrical outer surface,
The spinning machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the bobbin support is changed depending on the relative motion during a predetermined period of bobbin formation.   In the spinning machine according to claim 9, during operation, the rotational speed is automatically changed depending on a changing load characteristic generated by a change in bobbin diameter.   11. The spinning machine according to claim 10, wherein the drive unit of the bobbin support or the control unit for the drive unit is configured to automatically obtain a required rotational speed characteristic by changing load characteristics. The spindle (2) containing the bobbin and the individual positions with the balloon restricting sleeve (3) overlapping the bobbin, each spindle and the balloon restricting sleeve are individually electrically driven and further form a control signal for the drive motor In a spinning or twisting machine of the type with a programmable control,
The control signal allows a deviation depending on the load of the spindle speed from the speed set by the control unit and / or triggers a predetermined deviation from the target value of the spindle speed. Characteristic spinning or twisting machine. The machine according to claim 12, wherein the control signal allows a deviation depending on a load of the spindle rotational speed from the rotational speed set by the control unit,
The controller is further programmed to form an optimization signal,
The optimization signal is superimposed on the rotation speed according to the basic program.   The machine according to claim 13, wherein the basic program is a periodic operation program, the control unit forms an optimization signal in a phase in the cycle, in which the load-dependent adaptation is performed periodically with a delay, Automatic adaptation occurs for the first time as a response to fault effects.   15. The machine according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the optimization signal acts on the drive for the balloon limiting sleeve and / or the drive for the spindle.   16. The machine according to claim 15, wherein the optimization signal causes a periodic acceleration and / or deceleration of the drive relative to the balloon limiting sleeve, among other things.   17. A machine according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the optimization signal causes periodic acceleration and / or well wave deceleration by drive pulses.   18. A machine according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the optimization signal acts on the drive for the balloon limiting sleeve and / or the drive for the spindle.   19. The machine according to claim 18, wherein the optimization signal changes a slope of a torque characteristic curve of a predetermined drive motor.   20. The machine according to any one of claims 12 to 19, wherein the drive motor has a rotational speed characteristic that depends on a load.   21. A machine according to any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein the drive motor is a frequency controlled motor.   The machine according to any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein the control unit generates a control signal for the winding mechanism.

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