JP2005516917A - 細胞外アデノシン阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体阻害剤を用いて免疫応答および炎症を増強するための方法 - Google Patents
細胞外アデノシン阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体阻害剤を用いて免疫応答および炎症を増強するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2001年12月12日付で出願した米国特許仮出願第60/340,772号および2001年12月19日付で出願した米国特許仮出願第60/342,585号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、両者とも参照としてその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
本出願は、免疫応答および炎症を増強するため、ならびに幾つかの例ではNF-kB活性を調節するための、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストおよび細胞外アデノシンの形成を減少させるかまたは細胞外アデノシンを分解する薬剤のような、細胞外アデノシン阻害剤および/またはアデノシン受容体阻害剤の使用に関する。
炎症反応は、体内から有害物質を排除する補助となるが、炎症は同様に、健常組織に害を及ぼす可能性がある非特異反応でもある。感染、アレルゲン、自己免疫刺激、ならびに移植組織、有害化学物質、および毒素に対する免疫応答、虚血/再潅流、低酸素状態、物理的外傷、ならびに熱傷のほか腫瘍の増殖を含む、炎症反応を起こす可能性がある広範な病原性の傷害が存在する。炎症は通常、病原因子の除去または希釈をもたらす局所的な作用であり、結果として傷害物質および傷害組織の隔離をもたらす。炎症に関与する細胞には、白血球(即ち、免疫系細胞--好中球、好酸球、リンパ球、単球、好塩基球、マクロファージ、B細胞、樹状細胞、顆粒球、および肥満細胞)、血管内皮細胞、血管平滑筋細胞、繊維芽細胞、および筋細胞が含まれる。
アデノシン受容体は、種々の疾患の発病の間、免疫応答を制限することができ、これによって正常組織を免疫による過剰な傷害から防御できる、生理学的「停止」(終結機構)として機能することにより、インビボにおける炎症の抑制で重複のない役割を果たしていることが本明細書に開示される。A2a、A2b、およびA3のようなアデノシン受容体は、炎症の間に免疫応答を抑制し、組織を免疫による傷害から防御していることが示されている。アデノシン受容体を介したシグナル伝達の阻害を、免疫応答を増強および延長するのに利用することができる。
添付の配列表に記載の核酸配列は、ヌクレオチド塩基に対する標準的な文字略号を用いて示されている。各核酸配列の片側鎖のみ示されているが、相補鎖は、表示鎖に対する任意の言及により包含されるものと理解される。
略語
Adora1 アデノシン受容体A1
Adora2a アデノシン受容体A2a
Adora2b アデノシン受容体A2b
Adora3 アデノシン受容体A3
ADA アデノシンデアミナーゼ、アデノシン分解酵素
ADA-PEG インビボ半減期を延ばすためにポリエチレングリコール修飾したADA
ADA SCID アデノシンデアミナーゼ欠損重症複合免疫不全症
ALT アラニン・アミノトランスフェラーゼ。肝酵素
cAMP 環状アデノシン一リン酸
CGS CGS21680
Con A: コンカナバリンA
FK フォルスコリン
H-E ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン
IL-12p40 インターロイキン-12p40
IL-1β インターロイキン-1β
IL-6 インターロイキン-6
Iso イソプロテレノール
LPS リポポリサッカライド、細菌外毒素
PEA 緑膿菌(Pseudomonas)外毒素A
PGE2 プロスタグランジンE2
TNF-α 腫瘍壊死因子α
用語および方法の以下の説明は、本開示をよりよく説明し、本開示の実践における当業者への手引きために提供される。本明細書および特許請求の範囲のなかで使用される際、単数形「一つの(a)」または「一つの(an)」または「その(the)」には、文脈により他に明記されていなければ複数対象が含まれる。例えば、「アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト(an adenosine receptor antagonist)」に対する言及には、複数のそのようなアンタゴニストが含まれ、かつ「アデノシン受容体(the adenosine receptor)」に対する言及には、1つまたは複数の、受容体および当業者に周知のその等価物などに対する言及が含まれる。同様に、単語「または」は、文脈により他に明記されていなければ「および」を含むと意図される。
アデノシン受容体は、インビボにおける炎症の生理学的「停止」機構であり、例えば、細胞外アデノシンおよびアデノシン受容体(例えばA2a、A2b、およびA3)は炎症に影響を及ぼしかつそれにより免疫応答を変化させるための薬理的および遺伝的標的であることが本明細書に開示される。本明細書に開示される、細胞外アデノシン阻害剤(例えば、細胞外アデノシンの形成を抑制する、細胞外アデノシンを分解する、不活化させる、および/または減少させる物質)、および/またはアデノシン受容体阻害剤(例えば、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト)の使用による、細胞外アデノシンまたはアデノシン受容体の阻害または減少は、マクロファージ、好中球、顆粒球、樹状細胞、T細胞-および/またはB細胞-媒介性反応のような、免疫反応を引き起こす際に役立つ。さらに、細胞外アデノシン阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体阻害剤は、急性または慢性炎症を促進する際に役立つ。Gsタンパク質媒介性細胞内経路の阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体が引き起こすGiタンパク質媒介性細胞内経路の阻害剤もまた、急性および慢性炎症を増大させるのに使用することができる。
本明細書に開示されるのは、1つまたは複数の細胞外アデノシン阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体阻害剤、例えばアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストに免疫細胞を接触させるかまたはそれらを被検体に投与することによる、免疫応答または炎症を増加させるための方法および標的組織の傷害のための方法である。図16に概略を示す。
アデノシン受容体阻害剤および/または細胞外アデノシン阻害剤を用いて、天然の、細胞外アデノシン依存的な、内在性の抗炎症過程をインビボで遮断することにより、炎症性応答を増強するおよび延ばすための方法が本明細書に開示される。1つの例として、アデノシン受容体は、受容体A2a、A2b、またはA3である。
アジュバント活性を与えることにより、抗原に対する免疫応答を高めるための方法が提供される。抗原に対する免疫応答を高めるために、アジュバントとして機能する、細胞外アデノシン阻害剤、アデノシン受容体阻害剤、細胞内cAMP依存的経路阻害剤、および/または細胞内Giタンパク質依存的経路阻害剤と共に抗原を投与する。
腫瘍免疫におけるリンパ系細胞の重要性が繰り返し示されてきた。腫瘍に対する細胞媒介性宿主応答には、細胞媒介性免疫と関連した細胞機構が新たに形質転換された腫瘍細胞を腫瘍関連抗原(正常細胞には見られない腫瘍細胞関連抗原)を認識した後に破壊する、免疫監視機構の概念が含まれる。これは、同一でないドナーからの移植組織の拒絶過程に類似している。ヒトにおいて、患者の末梢血リンパ球の懸濁液および腫瘍細胞の懸濁液を混合することによって、腫瘍結節の増殖がインビボで阻害されたことから、腫瘍に対する細胞媒介性反応が示唆される。インビトロでの研究から、ある種の新生物を有する患者から得たリンパ系細胞は、その対応するヒト腫瘍培養細胞に対して細胞傷害性を示すことが明らかとされた。これらの細胞傷害性細胞(一般的にT細胞である)は、神経芽細胞腫、悪性黒色腫、肉腫、ならびに結腸癌、乳癌、子宮頚癌、子宮内膜癌、卵巣癌、精巣癌、鼻咽頭癌、および腎臓癌で発見されている。化学的発癌物質またはウイルスにより誘導されたさまざまな動物腫瘍と反応させて、インビトロで腫瘍細胞と反応する液性抗体も作製されている。インビトロ・ハイブリドーマ技術により、さまざまな動物およびヒトの新生物に対するモノクローナル抗腫瘍抗体の検出および作製が可能である。抗体によるインビボでの腫瘍増殖の抑制は、白血病およびリンパ腫の両方で証明可能であった。
少なくとも1つのアデノシン受容体阻害剤、例えばアデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト、および/または少なくとも1つの細胞外アデノシン阻害剤を含む薬学的組成物は、選択された具体的な投与方法に応じて、適当な液体または固体担体と共に製剤化することができる。本開示で有用な、薬学的に許容される担体および賦形剤は従来通りである。例えば、非経口製剤には通常、水、生理食塩水、他の平衡塩類溶液、水性デキストロース、グリセロールなどのような薬学的または生理学的に許容される液体媒体である注入可能な流体が含まれる。含有される賦形剤は、例えば、ヒト血清アルブミンまたは血漿製剤のような他のタンパク質である。望ましいならば、投与される薬学的組成物はまた、湿潤剤または乳化剤、保存剤、およびpH緩衝剤など、例えば酢酸ナトリウムまたはソルビタン・モノラウレートのような、無毒性補助物質を少量含むこともできる。
免疫系の細胞を用いて、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストの作用をスクリーニングするための方法もまた開示される。本方法には、活性化された免疫細胞を化合物と接触させる段階、および免疫細胞の活性を測定する段階が含まれる。活性の増加または免疫細胞の活性化の持続により、化合物がインビボの環境で効果的であるアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストであることが示唆される。このような方法はまた、免疫抑制剤および免疫賦活剤をスクリーニングするためにも使用することができ、ここで、活性の増加または免疫細胞の活性化の持続により化合物が免疫賦活剤であることが示唆され、かつ活性の減少または免疫細胞の活性化時間の減少により化合物が免疫抑制剤であることが示唆される。
受容体A2aの活性化はコンカナバリンA誘発性肝臓障害をインビボで減少させる
本実施例は、選択的A2aアゴニストによる受容体A2aの薬理学的活性化によって、炎症性肝臓損傷モデルで肝臓傷害が抑制されることを証明するために利用した方法について説明するものである。
インビトロにおける、マウス肝臓単核細胞のcAMP濃度に対するA2aアゴニストおよびアンタゴニストの効果
本実施例は、受容体A2aのシグナル伝達(cAMPの蓄積)がA2aR-/-マウス由来の肝臓単核細胞およびマクロファージにおいては減少するかまたは取り除かれてさえしまうが、A2aR+/+同腹子由来の細胞ではそうならないことを証明するために利用した、方法について説明するものである。
受容体A2a欠損マウスにおける炎症誘発性サイトカインの蓄積および肝臓障害
本実施例は、機能的な受容体A2aが存在しない場合、Con-Aの投与に応答して炎症の増加および組織障害の悪化が引き起こされることを証明するのに利用した、方法について説明するものである。
受容体A2aのインビボにおける不活化による肝臓障害の悪化
本実施例により、炎症性肝臓障害および全身性炎症の他のモデルにおいて、アデノシン受容体A2を、組織保護特性を証明するのに利用した方法が提供される。これらの結果から、標的組織の損傷をインビボで達成することができることが証明され、例えば、標的組織が腫瘍である場合、第1の物質または薬物は、特異的免疫細胞(例えばT細胞またはNK-T細胞)、毒素(例えばPEA)、または細胞傷害性物質(例えば四塩化炭素)である。
内毒素処理された受容体A2a欠損マウスにおける炎症誘発性サイトカインの蓄積および組織障害の増加
本実施例は、皮下および静脈内に細菌内毒素(LPS)を注射後のインビボ敗血ショックモデルを用いて、炎症誘発性サイトカインの蓄積および組織障害を抑制する際のアデノシン受容体A2aの役割を証明するためにさらに利用した方法について説明するものである。
免疫細胞活性化後のA2aR-/-マウスにおける炎症誘発性サイトカインのmRNAの蓄積増加
変異型マウス(A2aR-/-)または野生型マウスに20 nmol CpGオリゴヌクレオチド(
星印はホスホロチオエートを意味する。配列番号:1)を静脈内注射した。このToll受容体を活性化するCpG DNA製剤は免疫系を刺激する。1時間後、mRNAを脾細胞から抽出し、市販の鋳型を用いた(mCK-2bおよびmCK-3b, Pharmingen社, San Diego, CA)RNaseプロテクション・アッセイ法を利用して、サイトカイン遺伝子の発現について分析した。
アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストによる、CpGにより活性化された免疫細胞の炎症誘発性サイトカイン発現のインビボにおける増加
本実施例は、NF-kB活性ならびにTNFおよびIL-12p40のような炎症誘発性サイトカインの発現に関するアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストの役割を決定するために利用した方法について説明するものである。
IKKによって媒介されるIkBのリン酸化を阻害することによる、アデノシン受容体によるNF-kBの核移行およびサイトカインmRNAの転写の減少
NF-kBの核移行(これはサイトカインの発現に必要である)に必要な、IKKによって媒介されるリン酸化に関するアデノシン受容体の役割をさらに証明するために、以下の方法を用いた。
アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストによる腫瘍増殖の減少
存在するアデノシンを低下させることにより、腫瘍の自己防衛機構を無効化することが可能かどうか決定するため、以下の方法を用いた。腫瘍は低酸素状態にあり、かつ低酸素状態は、脳、心臓中の、および固形腫瘍中のアデノシンの蓄積を促すので、アデノシンは、抗腫瘍免疫細胞(例えばTキラー細胞)が腫瘍と接触することを阻害するかまたは抑制し、従って、腫瘍が抗腫瘍細胞による影響を受けることを抑制している可能性がある。例えば、アデノシンが存在すると、CTLのケモカイン受容体のシグナル伝達を阻害するかもしくは減少させる(これにより腫瘍に対する親和性の減少および/または走化性の減少もしくは阻害が引き起こされる可能性がある); CTLの運動性を阻害するかもしくは減少させる; CTLによる炎症誘発性サイトカインの産生を阻害するかもしくは減少させる; CTL/腫瘍複合体の形成を阻害するかもしくは減少させる; FasL/顆粒の開口分泌を阻害するかもしくは減少させる; および/またはCTLによる致死性の攻撃を阻害するかもしくは減少させる可能性がある。結果として、アデノシンが遮断されるかまたは減少されれば、抗腫瘍細胞は、腫瘍を減少させる際にさらに効果的となる可能性がある。
アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストによる、腫瘍の大きさの減少
本実施例は、抗腫瘍ワクチン接種を向上させるのに利用した、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストを同時投与する方法について説明するものである。
アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストによる、皮下および腹腔内ワクチン接種に対する免疫応答の改善
本実施例は、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト、例えばA2aおよびA3アンタゴニストを同時投与することによりワクチンに対する免疫応答を高めることができるかどうか、およびワクチンが異なる輸送経路により輸送される場合効果は変化するのかどうかを決定するために利用した方法について説明するものである。
抗癌剤併用した、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストの投与
本実施例は、被検体の癌の治療を助長するのに利用できる、1つまたは複数のアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストを、単独で、または抗癌剤と組み合わせて用いる方法について説明するものである。この手順は、このような治療法の実例として役立つものであって、限定するものではない。当業者であれば、この手順を被検体の要求に合わせるように、かつ使用する物質に対して最適化されるように変更することができる。被検体は、それ以前に化学療法、放射線療法、または遺伝子治療法を受けていてもよいが、その必要はない。好ましくは、患者は、十分な骨髄機能(末梢顆粒球の絶対数が2,000個/mm3を越えかつ末梢血小板の絶対数が100,000個/mm3と定義される)を示す。
アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストのアジュバントとしての利用
本実施例は、被検体にアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストをワクチンと組み合わせて投与することにより、1つまたは複数のアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストをアジュバントとして利用するための方法について説明するものである。この手順は、このような方法の実例として役立てることを意図するものであって、限定するものではない。当業者であれば、この手順を被検体の要求に合わせるように、および使用する特定のアンタゴニストおよびワクチンに対して最適化されるように変更することができるであろう。
(図1B)薬理学的に活性化されたcAMP上昇性受容体A2aは、インビボにおいて炎症を遮断できることを示す棒グラフである。処置マウスと未処置マウスとの間の相違は、星印により示されるように(*P<0.05)、統計学的に有意である。
(図2Aおよび図2B)CGS21680のみ、またはCGS21680およびZM241385を用いて処理した(A)野生型(A2aR+/+)マウスまたは(B)A2aR欠損(A2aR-/-)マウス由来のリンパ系細胞のcAMP濃度を示す棒グラフである。
(図2Cおよび図2D)FK、イソプロテレノール、またはPGE2で処理した(C)野生型(A2aR+/+)または(D)A2aR欠損(A2aR-/-)のリンパ系細胞のcAMP濃度を示す棒グラフである。処置マウスと未処置マウスとの間の相違は、星印により示されるように(*P<0.05)、統計学的に有意である。
(図3Aおよび図3B)各時点でのA2aR+/+およびA2aR-/-マウスにおける(A)ALTまたは(B)TNF-αの血清濃度を示すドットプロットである。
(図4A)異なる組合せの炎症刺激物質、コンカナバリンA(Con-A)および受容体A2アンタゴニストZM241385を用いて処置したマウスの血清ATL濃度を示す棒グラフである。*A2aR+/+マウスに対してP<0.05。
(図4Bおよび図4C)(B) 緑膿菌(Pseudomonas)外毒素Aまたは(C) 四塩化炭素を注射したマウスの血清ATL濃度を示す散布図である。
(図5)受容体A2aは敗血性ショックによる死を防ぐことを示す生存グラフである。*P<0.05。
(図6A〜図6D)外毒素ショックにさらした、A2aR+/+野生型マウスと比較したA2aR-/-マウスの表示サイトカインの血清濃度を示す散布図である。*P<0.05。
(図7)受容体A2aが不活性化されたマウスにおいて、炎症性刺激物質で処置後、炎症の増加を(炎症誘発性サイトカインmRNA発現により)証明するリボヌクレアーゼ・プロテクションアッセイ(RPA)の結果を示すデジタル画像である。
(図8Aおよび図8B)受容体A2aが薬理学的に不活性化されたマウスにおいて、炎症性刺激物質で処置後、炎症の増加を(炎症誘発性サイトカインmRNA発現により)証明するリボヌクレアーゼ・プロテクションアッセイ(RPA)の結果を示すデジタル画像である。
(図9)受容体A2aは核内へのNF-kBの移行を負に調節することにより、インビボにおいて、NF-kBの活性を負に調節することを証明する、マクロファージの核抽出物の電気泳動移動度シフトアッセイの結果を示すデジタル画像である。
(図10Aおよび図10B)アデノシン受容体は、IKKキナーゼによるIκ-Bのリン酸化を阻害することによりNF-kBの移行を負に調節することを示すウエスタンブロット法のデジタル画像である。
(図11)免疫細胞活性化後の細胞内事象ならびにアデノシン受容体A2aおよびcAMPによって媒介されるNF-kB活性の阻害を示す概略図である。
(図12A〜図12C)アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、転移結節の数を減少させることによって癌腫瘍の免疫療法を向上させることを示すドットプロットである。
(図13および図14)アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、腫瘍の大きさ/容積を減少させることによって癌治療を向上させることを示すグラフである。
(図15)TNP-KLHのみ(CFA)またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストテオフィリン(CFA+アンタゴニスト)を皮下注射したマウスのIgG1濃度を示す散布図であり、免疫混合物中のテオフィリンによる抗体産生の向上を証明している。
(図16)内在性の抗炎症過程を阻害するかまたは減少させることによって炎症応答を増強するおよび/または延長させるのに使用できる方法の概略である。
Claims (54)
- アデノシン受容体阻害剤および/または細胞外アデノシン阻害剤の治療的有効量を被検体に投与し、それにより免疫応答を増強する段階を含む、被検体の免疫応答を増強するための方法。
- 免疫応答を増強する段階に、被検体において免疫細胞の活性を増加させる段階が含まれる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被検体が新生物を有し、免疫応答を増強する段階がその被検体において新生物細胞の容積の減少および/または新生物細胞の数の減少をもたらす、請求項1記載の方法。
- アデノシン受容体阻害剤がアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストである、請求項1記載の方法。
- アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストが、アデノシン受容体A2a、A2b、またはA3アンタゴニストである、請求項4記載の方法。
- アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストが、ZM241385、MRS1220、1,7,メチルキサンチン(カフェイン)、テオフィリン、テオブロミン、SCH5826、KW-6002、またはADA-PEGである、請求項4記載の方法。
- アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストが、リボザイム、アンチセンス・オリゴヌクレオチド、またはアデノシン受容体をコードするmRNAに選択的に結合する触媒性核酸である、請求項4記載の方法。
- 細胞外アデノシン阻害剤が、内在性アデノシンキナーゼの活性を増加させる薬剤または内在性アデノシンデアミナーゼの活性を増加させる薬剤であり、これにより細胞外アデノシンを減少させ、細胞外アデノシンを減少させることで被検体における免疫応答を増強する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 細胞外アデノシン阻害剤が、酸化剤、酸化還元電位変化剤、アデノシン蓄積減少剤、アデノシンデアミナーゼ、アデノシンキナーゼ、またはアデノシンキナーゼ・エンハンサーである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が1つまたは複数の炎症誘発性サイトカインを産生する細胞である、請求項2記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が、マクロファージ、顆粒球、単球、好中球、樹状細胞、T細胞、B細胞、またはナチュラルキラー細胞である、請求項2記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞がB細胞である方法であって、その活性が抗体産生である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞がT細胞であり、その活性が腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)の効果の増加である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が、マクロファージ、顆粒球、単球、または樹状細胞である方法であって、その活性が炎症誘発性サイトカインの産生である、請求項11記載の方法。
- 炎症関連性局部組織の低酸素状態、および/または炎症性局部組織環境における分子の酸化還元状態を減少させる薬剤を被検体に投与する段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞の活性が炎症の増加をもたらす、請求項2記載の方法。
- 免疫応答が、マクロファージの、単球の、好中球の、顆粒球の、樹状細胞の、T細胞の、B細胞の、またはナチュラルキラー細胞の応答である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 免疫応答が炎症誘発性サイトカインの応答である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 炎症誘発性サイトカインの応答がIL-12p40および/またはTNF-α mRNAの発現の増加である、請求項18記載の方法。
- 被検体にワクチンを投与する段階をさらに含む方法であって、アデノシン受容体を阻害する段階および/または細胞外アデノシンを阻害する段階がワクチンにより刺激される免疫応答を増強する、請求項1記載の方法。
- ワクチンが抗原性ポリペプチドまたはその抗原性エピトープを含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- ワクチンがウイルス性ワクチンである、請求項20記載の方法。
- ウイルス性ワクチンが、生ワクチン、弱毒化ワクチン、または加熱死菌ワクチンである、請求項22記載の方法。
- ワクチンがTキラー細胞を含む、請求項20記載の方法。
- Tキラー細胞が被検体においてウイルス感染細胞の量を減少させることができる、請求項22記載の方法。
- 被検体が、ウイルス、細菌、または真菌を含む病原体に感染している、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被検体が免疫無防備状態である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被検体が免疫不全ウイルスに感染している、請求項27記載の方法。
- 免疫不全ウイルスがHIV-1またはHIV-2である、請求項28記載の方法。
- 被検体が免疫抑制療法を受けている、請求項27記載の方法。
- 新生物が直径が2 mmより大きな腫瘍であり、かつその腫瘍が局部低酸素領域を有する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 新生物が、肺の、乳房の、皮膚の、または肝臓の腫瘍である、請求項31記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬の治療的有効量を被検体に投与する段階をさらに含む、請求項3記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬が新生物細胞を選択的に標的とする、請求項33記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬が細胞死を促進するタンパク質をコードする核酸である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬が、アルキル化剤、葉酸アンタゴニスト、プリンアンタゴニスト、ピリミジンアンタゴニスト、紡錘体毒、ポドフィロトキシン、抗生物質、ニトロソ尿素、無機イオン、生物応答修飾物質、酵素、またはホルモンである、請求項36記載の方法。
- 新生物の損傷を増加させるため、被検体にまず放射線または放射性同位体を投与する、請求項3記載の方法。
- 細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)またはリンホカイン活性化キラー(LAK)細胞を被検体に投与する段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 以下の段階を含む、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストをスクリーニングするための方法:
免疫細胞を薬剤と接触させる段階; および
薬剤なしの対照と比較した、免疫細胞の増加した活性についてアッセイする段階であって、免疫細胞の増加した活性が、薬剤がアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストであることを示す段階。 - 免疫細胞が1つまたは複数の炎症誘発性サイトカインを産生する細胞である、請求項39記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞が、マクロファージ、顆粒球、単球、好中球、樹状細胞、T細胞、B細胞、またはナチュラルキラー細胞である、請求項39記載の方法。
- 増加した活性には増加した環状AMP、増加したサイトカイン、増加したアポトーシス細胞死、および/または形態学的変化が含まれる、請求項39記載の方法。
- アデノシン受容体A2aの数を減少させる培養条件下で免疫細胞をインキュベートする段階を含む、腫瘍の防御に抵抗性の免疫細胞または抗ウイルス性の免疫細胞を調製する方法であって、
培養条件には、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストまたはアデノシンデアミナーゼ活性阻害剤とのインキュベーションにより、その培養条件におけるアデノシンの量を増加させることが含まれる方法。 - 免疫細胞はCTLまたはLAK細胞である、請求項43記載の方法。
- 請求項43記載の方法を用いて作製された腫瘍の防御に抵抗性の免疫細胞を被検体に投与し、これにより被検体において腫瘍の容積を減少させる段階および/または腫瘍細胞の数を減少させる段階を含む、被検体において腫瘍の容積を減少させるおよび/または腫瘍細胞の数を減少させる方法。
- 請求項43記載の方法を用いて作製された抗ウイルス性免疫細胞を被検体に投与し、これにより被検体におけるウイルスに対する免疫応答を増強する段階を含む、被検体においてウイルスに対する免疫応答を増強する方法。
- 被検体にアデノシン受容体阻害剤、および/または細胞外アデノシン阻害剤の治療的有効量を投与し、これにより腫瘍の血液供給を遮断する段階を含む、被検体において腫瘍の血液供給を遮断するための方法。
- 腫瘍の血液供給の遮断が被検体において腫瘍の容積の減少および/または腫瘍細胞の数の減少をもたらす、請求項47記載の方法。
- 被検体にアデノシン受容体阻害剤、および/または細胞外アデノシン阻害剤の治療的有効量を投与し、これにより被検体におけるNF-kB活性を増強する段階を含む、被検体においてNF-kB活性を増強する方法。
- 低酸素状態を減少させる薬剤の治療的有効量を被検体に投与し、これにより免疫応答を増強させる段階を含む、被検体において免疫応答を増強させるための方法。
- 低酸素状態を減少させる薬剤が酸化剤であり、かつ免疫応答が被検体において腫瘍の容積を減少させるか、または被検体におけるウイルスに対する免疫応答を増強する、請求項50記載の方法。
- 免疫細胞をアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストと接触させる段階を含む、免疫細胞におけるIL-12p40の発現を増加させるための方法。
- 免疫細胞を配列番号:1と接触させる段階をさらに含む、請求項52記載の方法。
- 配列番号:1と共にアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストを同時投与する段階を含む、配列番号:1の1つまたは複数の免疫増強特性を増加させるための方法。
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JP2021512962A (ja) * | 2018-02-13 | 2021-05-20 | アイオバンス バイオセラピューティクス,インコーポレイテッド | アデノシンa2a受容体アンタゴニストによる腫瘍浸潤性リンパ球(til)の拡大培養並びにtil及びアデノシンa2a受容体アンタゴニストの治療的組み合わせ |
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WO2003050241A3 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
EP1465634A2 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
US20190262449A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
AU2002356962C1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
CA2470104A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
CA2470104C (en) | 2015-01-27 |
US11471528B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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