JP2005515305A - 二構成要素弾性繊維及び二組成成分弾性繊維、及びそれらからセルロース系構造物を製造する方法 - Google Patents
二構成要素弾性繊維及び二組成成分弾性繊維、及びそれらからセルロース系構造物を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
一つの態様において、本発明は、芯が熱可塑性エラストマー、好ましくは、熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)を含んでおり、そして鞘が均一に分枝しているポリオレフィンを含んでいる、芯/鞘構成の二構成要素繊維(bicomponent fiber)である。好ましくは、鞘のポリマーは、芯のポリマーより低い融点を有しており、そしてより好ましくは、鞘のポリマーは30パーセントより少ないゲル含量を有している。
上記した3つの繊維分離及びグラフト処理の態様は、弾性の吸収性構造物、例えば、おむつ、創傷被覆材等の構成にとりわけ有用である。
本明細書で用いる「繊維」又は「繊維状(fibrous)」は、粒状材料(particulate material)であって、かかる材料の長さ対直径比が約10より大きい粒状材料を意味する。逆に言えば、「非繊維(nonfiber)」又は「非繊維状(nonfibrous)」は、その長さ対直径比が約10又はそれより小さい粒状材料を意味する。
本発明の実施において用いる二構成要素繊維は、弾性であり、そして二構成要素繊維の各構成要素が弾性である。二構成要素弾性繊維及び二組成成分弾性繊維は、例えば、その開示内容を参考までに本明細書に引用する米国特許第6,140,442号において公知である。
本発明のこの態様において、エラストマー性繊維のステープルファイバーへの接着性は、極性基、例えば、カルボニル基、ヒドロキシル基又は酸基を含有する化合物をエラストマー性繊維にグラフトすることにより高められる。本発明のこの態様は、ホモフィル繊維及び二構成要素エラストマー性繊維又は二組成成分エラストマー性繊維の両方に適用できる。「ホモフィル(Homofil)」繊維は、単一の構成要素を含む繊維であり、又は、換言すれば、その長さの全体にわたり本質的に均一である。二構成要素繊維及び二組成成分繊維に関して、極性基を含有する化合物を、繊維の鞘構成要素(すなわち、外面の少なくとも一部を形成する構成要素)にグラフトする。
本発明の別の態様(ステープルファイバーがセルロース繊維である態様)において、吸収性の弾性構造物の弾性性能は、セルロース系−セルロース系の繊維結合を犠牲にしてより多くのセルロース系−弾性の繊維結合を促進することにより高められる。この態様において、セルロース系ステープルファイバーを、それらとエラストマー性繊維との混合の前に又は混合と同時に剥離剤を用いて処理する。これらの結合及びその破壊(disruption)は、2000年10月30日〜11月2日にトロント(Toronto)で開催されたインサイト・2000・ノンウーヴンズ/アブソーバンツ・カンファレンス(Insight 2000 Non-wovens/Absorbents Conference)においてクレイグ・ポフェンバーガー(Craig Poffenberger)によりなされた「バルク・アンド・パフォーマンス,バット・ソフト・アンド・セイフ」("Bulk and Performance,But Soft and Safe")なる演題の発表において述べられた。これらの水素結合のデカップリング(decoupling)を用いて、より多くのセルロース繊維が弾性繊維と結合できるようになり、そして形成されるセルロース−弾性繊維結合がより多くなればなるほど、得られる吸収性構造物はより弾性になる。
本発明のこの態様は、単独で又は本発明の他の態様の1つ又はそれ以上と組合せて用いることができる。
本発明のこの態様において、弾性繊維を水媒体中での攪拌により相互に分離する。弾性繊維、典型的には、細いデニールの弾性繊維は相互に分離しずらく、そしてそれ自体、弾性の吸収性構造物の構成の間にステープルファイバーと均等にブレンドするのが困難である。本明細書で用いる「細いデニール」の弾性繊維は、フィラメント当たり約15デニールより小さな直径を有する弾性繊維を意味する。繊維は、典型的には、その直径に従って分けられ、そしてモノフィラメント繊維は、一般的には、約15デニールより大きい、通常約30デニールより大きい個々の繊維直径を有していると定義される。ミクロデニール(microdenier)繊維は、一般的には、約100ミクロンより小さい直径を有する繊維として定義される。
この特定の態様は、任意の組成及び構造の任意のエラストマー性繊維(ホモフィル繊維を含む)に関しても有用であり、そしてこの態様は任意のステープルファイバーに関しても有用である。
本発明のこの態様において、エラストマー性繊維を、高強度の空気混合技法を用いて相互に分離する。この技法は、水性媒体(又はさらに言えば、任意の液体媒体)を用いないということを除いては、前記水媒体技法における攪拌と同様である。ホモフィル又は二構成要素のエラストマー性繊維を、機械的に又は空気圧手段(pneumatic means)を介して、激しい攪拌に付し、そして十分に分離された後、及び本発明のさらなる態様において、ステープルファイバーとブレンドする。この技法は得られた繊維のブレンドを乾燥する必要を回避しているので、この技法は、セルロース系繊維に対して剥離剤と組み合わせて用いるのに、又はエラストマー性繊維と共に使用するための界面活性剤及び/又は湿潤剤を用いるのには向いていない。しかしながら、ここでまた、この態様は、本発明の他の態様の一つ又はそれ以上、例えば、二構成要素エラストマー性繊維及び/又は二組成成分エラストマー性繊維、及び繊維間の水素結合が予め失活されているセルロース系繊維の使用、と組合せることができる。
本発明の弾性の吸収性構造物は、芯が熱可塑性ウレタンであり且つ鞘が均一に分枝しているポリオレフィンである芯/鞘構成の二構成要素弾性繊維及び/又は二組成成分弾性繊維とステープルファイバーとのブレンドから構成することができる。この態様に従って、ステープルファイバーと弾性繊維とのブレンドを、任意の常法により及び/又は前記本発明の(inventive)技法のいずれかを用いて製造し、そして場合により、引き続き1種又はそれ以上の高吸収性ポリマーと混合する。この混合も常法を用いて実施するが、二構成要素繊維又は二組成成分繊維中の低い溶融温度の接着性構成要素(すなわち、均一に分枝しているポリオレフィン)の存在により、毛羽立ちパルプを約70℃の低熱で一緒に結合して弾性の吸収性構造物、例えば、おむつを形成することができる。弾性の結合用繊維の接着性構成要素のより低い融点は、接着性構成要素がより高い溶融温度を有している二構成要素エラストマー性繊維及びモノフィルエラストマー性繊維のいずれよりも低温においてであるが現在使用されている市販装置の使用を可能にし、これはより速い製造速度が達成されることを意味する。しかしながら、より低い溶融温度及び/又はより速い結合速度は、構造物製造機、例えば、おむつ製造機において又はそれとインラインでの結合用繊維活性化の問題を低減し又は緩和する。
二構成要素結合用弾性繊維及び/又は二組成成分結合用弾性繊維は、弾性紙、すなわち、或る程度の弾性を有する紙を製造するのに有用である。前記のように、弾性紙に対するこれらの結合用弾性繊維は、弾性の均一に分枝しているポリオレフィン、より好ましくは、無水マレイン酸又は同様な化合物を用いてグラフトされた均一に分枝しているポリオレフィンを有する弾性のポリウレタン芯を含んでいる。これらの二構成要素弾性繊維を、セルロース−セルロース水素結合を遮断すること(interrupting)なしにセルロース繊維と混合すれば、これらの二構成要素弾性繊維及び/又は二組成成分弾性繊維の添加は張力(tensil)を低減させそして或る程度の弾性を与えるが、紙は5パーセントの伸び率で裂けてしまう。言い換えれば、二構成要素弾性繊維及び/又は二組成成分弾性繊維の添加の利益は、セルロース−セルロース水素結合が遮断されなければ最小となる。
以下の実施例は、前記した本発明の所定の態様を例証するものである。部及び百分率は、他に断らない限り、全て重量部及び重量百分率である。
実施例1:ポリエチレンのグラフト変性
実質的に線状であるエチレン/1−オクテンポリマー(MI−73、密度−0.87g/cm3)を無水マレイン酸を用いてグラフト化して、無水マレイン酸から誘導されたMI34.6及び0.35重量%のユニットを有する材料を生成する。米国特許第4,950,541号に教示されているグラフト方法に従う。グラフトされたポリエチレンをグラフト濃縮物として用い、そしてMI 30及び密度0.87g/cm3を有するエチレン/1−オクテンポリオレフィンにより2:1でのばす(let down)。得られたレットダウン材料を用いて以下の実施例に用いる二構成要素弾性繊維の鞘(接着性構成要素)を形成する。
50パーセントのペラタン(Pellathane)(商標)2103−80PF(ダウ・ケミカル社により製造されるエラストマー性の熱可塑性ポリウレタン)及び50パーセントの均一に分枝している、実質的に線状であるエチレン/1−オクテンポリオレフィンを含んでいる、二構成要素、11.2デニールの弾性繊維を前記実施例1に記載のように製造する。熱可塑性ポリウレタンは芯を形成しそしてMAH−グラフトされたエチレンポリマーは二構成要素繊維の鞘を形成する。界面活性剤(ローダミール(Rhodameer)、カタポール(Katapol)VP−532)5g及び0.5パーセント固形(solid)のマグナフロック(Magnafloc)1885アニオン系ポリアクリルアミド粘度調整剤110gを含む水5L中の、このエラストマー性結合用繊維30パーセント及びハイブライト(Hi Bright)セルロース繊維[叩解されておらず(unbeaten)、漂白された(bleached)クラフト軟材(softwood)で、水中に1.1パーセントで、柔らかくされ(macerate)、一夜間浸漬(soak)された]70パーセントの混合物を、ワーリングブレンダーに加える。この混合物を攪拌して弾性繊維とセルロース繊維との実質的に均一な混合物を造り、次いでこれを弾性の吸収性紙に成形する。
8インチ四方(8インチ×8インチ)の弾性紙サンプルを実施例2の方法を用いて調製する。サンプル3.1及び3.2はいずれも100パーセントのハイブライトセルロース繊維を含んでいる。実施例3.3〜3.8は、種々の百分率のハイブライトセルロース繊維及び前記実施例2に記載の二構成要素弾性繊維から製造する。サンプル3.9及び3.10は第3の繊維構成要素、すなわち、ナイロン繊維を含んでいる。紙サンプルはノーブル・アンド・ウッド(Noble&Wood)抄紙機を用いて製造する。
サンプル3.8は、消泡剤をカタポールと共に添加する(ダイアモンド・シャムロック(Diamond Shamrock)製のフォームマスター(Foammaster)VF、3滴)ことを除いてはサンプル3.7の繰り返しである。
サンプル3.9は、米国ロードアイランド州(RI)、マイクロファイバーズ・オブ・ポーチュケット(Microfibers of Pawtucket)製の0.080 SDナイロン繊維5gも加えることを除いてはサンプル3.8の繰り返しである。このナイロンを水100ccと共に加え、そしてそれはほとんど攪拌せずに高い分散性(dispersion)を生じる。このナイロン−水混合物を二構成要素繊維−ハイブライト混合物に添加しそしてこの全混合物600ccを1500rpmで2分間攪拌する。ナイロン添加の目的は、セルロース繊維間の結合の分解を促進することである。
サンプルの特質及びインストロン試験装置(Instron instrument)におけるそれらサンプルの試験結果を下記表に報告する。
Claims (9)
- 芯/鞘構成を有する弾性繊維であって、前記繊維が少なくとも二種類のポリマーを含んでおり、前記芯が熱可塑性エラストマーを含んでおり及び前記鞘が30重量%より少ないゲル含量を有する均一に分枝しているエチレンポリマーを含んでいる前記弾性繊維。
- 前記鞘ポリマーが芯ポリマーより低い融点を有している、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- (A)芯/鞘構成を有する弾性繊維であって、前記弾性繊維が少なくとも二種類のポリマーを含んでおり、前記芯が熱可塑性エラストマーを含んでおり及び前記鞘が均一に分枝しているエチレンポリマーを含んでおり、前記鞘ポリマーが30重量%より少ないゲル含量を有している前記弾性繊維、及び(B)少なくとも1種類の非弾性繊維、を含んでいる繊維ブレンド。
- 前記非弾性繊維がセルロース系繊維、ウール、シルク及びシリケート繊維の少なくとも1つである、請求項3に記載の繊維ブレンド。
- (A)の繊維が(B)の繊維に溶融結合している、請求項3に記載の繊維ブレンド。
- 請求項3に記載の繊維ブレンドを含む二次加工品。
- セルロース系繊維を互いに他と分離する方法であって、前記セルロース系繊維を第四アンモニウム化合物を用いて処理し、次いで処理された繊維を攪拌に付することを含む前記分離方法。
- 弾性繊維を互いに他と分離する方法であって、前記弾性繊維を、界面活性剤を含有する水性媒体中で攪拌に付することを含む前記分離方法。
- 弾性繊維を互いに他と分離する方法であって、前記弾性繊維を高強度の空気混合に付することを含む前記分離方法。
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- 2002-07-15 BR BRPI0211432-1A patent/BR0211432B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007535623A (ja) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-12-06 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | ポリエチレン不織布用改良繊維 |
JP2009518547A (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-05-07 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | 表面修飾された二成分ポリマー繊維 |
JP2014012919A (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2014-01-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | 表面修飾された二成分ポリマー繊維 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE60215015T2 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
DE60215015D1 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
JP4288157B2 (ja) | 2009-07-01 |
DK1412566T3 (da) | 2007-02-05 |
BR0211432A (pt) | 2004-07-13 |
CN100344807C (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
MXPA04000504A (es) | 2004-07-23 |
KR100901057B1 (ko) | 2009-06-04 |
US6773810B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
CN1555431A (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
US20030039833A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1412566A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US20050061456A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
US20040170831A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
TWI221864B (en) | 2004-10-11 |
BR0211432B1 (pt) | 2012-10-02 |
WO2003008680A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
KR20040017318A (ko) | 2004-02-26 |
ES2269733T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
US6811871B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
ATE340885T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
AU2002320479B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
EP1412566B1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
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