JP2005339057A - Sanitation management system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make an enterpriser strongly recognize a sanitation management level in a sanitation management system and to perform total evaluation. <P>SOLUTION: This sanitation management system is provided with a display means displaying an input form used by a system user for inputting evaluation points, an input means of the evaluation points, a computer computing total evaluation from the inputted evaluation points and outputting it, and a display means display the output result. The computer has a computing means computing a product of multiplication between a minor item evaluation point inputted by the system user and a ratio between minor items as a weighted evaluation point of the minor item, computing a total of the weighted evaluation points of the minor items for each major item as a major item evaluation point, computing a multiplication product between the major item evaluation point and a ratio between major items as a weighted evaluation point for the major item, and computing a total of the weighted evaluation points of the respective major items as a total evaluation point. By means of an output control means of the computer, the total evaluation point is outputted when there is no defective evaluation point for the minor item, while failure display is outputted if there is any failure evaluation point for the minor item. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a hygiene management support system implemented in food-related or hospital-related facilities.

  HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) is adopted as a method of hygiene management in a food manufacturing factory. HACCP sets management standards at predetermined important control points in all processes from the arrival of materials to the shipment of products, compared to the conventional hygiene management methods centering on the inspection of final products. It is a management method that continuously monitors and records whether or not it is satisfied, so that if there is an abnormality, measures can be taken immediately.

  However, performing hygiene management based on HACCP at the factory site is cumbersome and burdensome for the person in charge. Therefore, as a sanitary management system that reduces this complexity, a business center equipped with food processing equipment and a monitoring center are connected via a communication network, and the monitoring center receives operation data of the food processing equipment and the like to evaluate the hygiene management. There has been proposed a technique for calculating a score and displaying a hygiene management evaluation score and an improvement proposal based on the evaluation score on a display of a business person's personal computer (Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-230179 A

  In the conventional sanitation management system, the sanitation management evaluation score is calculated and evaluated for each sanitation management item for each sanitation management item set in all processes of food production. No evaluation is made. As a method for this comprehensive evaluation, it may be possible to simply add the individual hygiene management evaluation points. However, since the importance of the individual hygiene management items in the hygiene management of all processes is actually different, the individual hygiene management is simply different. It is not preferable to comprehensively evaluate the sum of evaluation scores.

  In addition, improvement proposals are made for each individual hygiene management item, but in each hygiene management item, even if the minimum required level is not ensured, the hygiene management is the same as when the minimum level is ensured. Since the evaluation score is calculated and output, the business operator may overlook or leave the improvement proposal, and there is a problem that the hygiene management system does not function sufficiently in practice.

  In contrast, according to the present invention, in a hygiene management system for managing a plurality of hygiene management items, the weights of the whole of the plurality of hygiene management items are set as individual hygiene management items, and the evaluation points of the individual hygiene management items are calculated. And, if there is a sanitary management item for which the minimum level is not secured, the point is strongly recognized by the operator and / or The purpose is to provide a comprehensive evaluation so that the level of hygiene management can be visually recognized.

  The present inventor classifies the hygiene management items into major items related to the environment and facilities, materials, processes, etc. in safety and hygiene, and small items that are components of each major item, and calculates the evaluation score of each major item In order to use the evaluation points weighted between the small items that constitute the component, and to use the evaluation points weighted between the large items for the comprehensive evaluation, it is possible to perform a comprehensive evaluation that matches the actual situation of hygiene management. Furthermore, if there is a sanitary management item for which the minimum level has not been secured, it will strongly recommend improvement to the operator by rejecting the comprehensive evaluation regardless of the evaluation points of other sanitary management items. I found out that it was recognized.

That is, the present invention calculates the overall evaluation from the display means for displaying the input form for the system user to input the evaluation points for a plurality of hygiene management items, the input means for inputting the evaluation points, and the input evaluation points, and outputs them. And a hygiene management system comprising a display means for displaying the output contents of the computer,
The input form displays a number of major items in hygiene management and the sub items of hygiene management that are the evaluation elements of each large item, and in each sub item, the evaluation criteria of the sub items are listed, and the evaluation criteria Is given a rejected score for matters that do not reach the minimum level required for hygiene management.
Computer
Data holding means for holding evaluation points input by the system user for each sub-item,
For each small item, the ratio between small items set in advance as the weight of evaluation between small items in the large item to which the small item belongs, and the large item preset as the weight of evaluation between large items for each large item Setting holding means for holding the ratio between
Call each small item evaluation point held by the data holding means, and the ratio between small items and the ratio between large items held by the setting holding means, and calculate the product of the small item evaluation point and the ratio between the small items of the small items. Calculate as the weighted evaluation score for the small items, calculate the sum of the weighted evaluation points for the small items for each large item, and calculate the product of the large item evaluation score and the ratio between the large items for the large item. Calculation means that calculates as a weighted evaluation score for large items, and calculates the sum of the weighted evaluation points for each large item as a total evaluation score, and at least fails if any of the small items has a failure score Provided is a hygiene management system provided with output control means for outputting a display and outputting an overall evaluation score when there is no display.

In addition, the present invention displays a plurality of major items on hygiene management and a small item on hygiene management as an evaluation element of each large item as a program for constructing the hygiene management system of the present invention by installing on a computer. In each sub-item, the evaluation criteria for the sub-item are listed, and in the evaluation criteria, a non-acceptance evaluation score is given to items that do not reach the minimum level necessary for hygiene management. Means to output the point input form,
Data holding means for holding evaluation points input by the system user for each sub-item,
For each small item, the ratio between small items set as the evaluation weight between the small items in the large item to which the small item belongs, and the ratio between large items set as the evaluation weight between the large items for each large item Setting holding means for holding
Call each small item evaluation point held in the data holding means, and the ratio between small items and the ratio between large items held in the setting holding means, and calculate the product of the small item evaluation point and the ratio between the small items of the small items. Calculate as the weighted evaluation score for the small item, calculate the sum of the weighted evaluation points for the small items for each large item, and calculate the product of the large item evaluation score and the ratio between the large items for the large item. Calculation means that calculates as a weighted evaluation point for large items, and calculates the sum of the weighted evaluation points for each large item as a comprehensive evaluation point, and at least fails if any of the small items has a failed evaluation point Output control means for outputting a display and outputting a comprehensive evaluation score when there is no display;
A program for a hygiene management system that allows a computer to function is provided.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides a recording medium on which the above-described program for a hygiene management system is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

  According to the hygiene management system of the present invention, the hygiene management items are classified into large items related to safety and health environment, facilities, materials, processes, etc., and small items that are evaluation elements of each large item, and individual large items are classified. Since the evaluation points of the small items that are the evaluation elements and weighted between the small items are used for the calculation of the evaluation points, the evaluation points of the individual large items are also included in the constituent elements. It reflects the importance of the sub-items. In addition, the calculation of the overall evaluation points uses evaluation points that are large items and are weighted between the large items, so the comprehensive evaluation points also reflect the importance of individual hygiene management items. It will be.

  Furthermore, according to the sanitary management system of the present invention, when there is a sanitary management item for which the minimum level is not secured, a failure is output as a comprehensive evaluation regardless of the evaluation points of other sanitary management items. Therefore, it is possible to make a business operator strongly aware of the need for improvement of hygiene management.

  In particular, when the computer outputs a radar chart displaying the evaluation points for each major item on the overall evaluation output screen, the current hygiene management level for each hygiene management item or the degree of achievement of the current hygiene management status with respect to the best mode can be visualized. Can be easily recognized and the items to be improved can be easily grasped.

  In addition, in the small items of the input form used in the present invention, when the evaluation criteria are enumerated in the direction that the mode is sequentially improved from the rejected mode to the best mode, the system user selects the corresponding one from these evaluation criteria. In this case, the evaluation criteria that are in the improvement direction with respect to the selected evaluation criteria function as a list of improvement proposals.

  Therefore, when a business operator works on HACCP, the current hygiene management level can be easily visually recognized by using the system of the present invention, and the specific improvement target of the hygiene management level is also recognized. Is possible. Therefore, the sanitary management system of the present invention is useful as a sanitary management support tool, particularly as a HACCP support tool.

  Moreover, since the hygiene management system program of the present invention is recorded on the recording medium of the present invention and installed on a computer, the above-described hygiene management system of the present invention can be constructed. Can be widely spread.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same numerals indicate the same or equivalent components.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a sanitary management system 1A according to an embodiment of the present invention. A system user performs hygiene at various business sites such as food factories, hotel kitchens, hospitals, nursing homes, and cleaning factories. Used for management, displays an input form for inputting evaluation points for a plurality of hygiene management items, a display 2 as display means for displaying evaluation results, a keyboard 3 as input means for evaluation points, these And a computer 4 that functions as data holding means, arithmetic means, and the like. A general-purpose personal computer can be used as the computer 4. A printer 5 is connected to the computer 4, and input data, stored data, screen display contents, calculation results, and the like stored in the memory or storage medium of the computer 4 can be printed at any time. Note that the input means is not limited to the keyboard 3, and a portable terminal such as a touch pen or PDA may be used. Further, the display means for displaying the input form and the display means for displaying the evaluation result may not be the same.

  The hygiene management items managed by the hygiene management system include the business environment (working temperature, humidity, sterilization temperature, etc.), equipment (hand washing, presence and content of other equipment, etc.), materials (soap used) , Etc.), processes (whether necessary steps are taken, etc.), procedures (appropriateness of procedures within a certain process, etc.), or handling methods, etc., are determined by risk analysis and vary depending on the business concerned. For example, the main hygiene management items managed in small food factories are (1) hand washing, (2) measures to prevent foreign matter contamination, (3) storage or handling of equipment or utensils, (4) storage or handling of foodstuffs, (5) Thorough cleaning, (6) Others (management of traffic lines of people and things, zoning of facilities, handling of shoes, handling of sanitary gloves, etc.).

  In the present embodiment, these are the major items of the sanitary management items, and the sanitary management items that are the evaluation elements of each major item are the minor items. For example, small items that serve as an evaluation factor for “hand-washing”, one of the major items, include (a) hand-washing facilities and (b) presence or absence of hand-washing detergents at the factory entrances and work sites (in hand-washing detergent containers) (C) nail brush, (d) hand-wiping equipment, (e) disinfectant, and (f) hand-washing manual.

  In this system, the system user evaluates the site for this small item, and the evaluation point is input from the input means.

  FIG. 2 is an example of an input form displayed on the screen of the display 2 when the system user inputs evaluation points. In this input form, evaluation criteria are listed for each sub-item, and the system user inputs evaluation scores by checking the corresponding evaluation score fields according to the evaluation criteria. In the input screen of FIG. 2, a circle is displayed in the column checked by the system user.

  As the evaluation criteria, it is preferable to list all events that can actually occur. Thereby, it becomes possible to grasp and manage the hygiene situation at the site more accurately.

  Moreover, the evaluation score shown by evaluation criteria is made into the numerical display from 0 point of a failure mode to 100 points of the best mode, for example. Here, 0 point of the failure mode is given to items that have not reached the necessary minimum level in health and safety management, that is, items that are potentially detrimental.

As a specific example of the evaluation criteria, for the above-mentioned “hand-washing equipment”,
None = 0 points
Type holding the faucet = 50 points,
Lever type = 75 points
Stepping type or electric type = 100 points can be given. Such a method of assigning 0 to 100 evaluation points is socially popular, and is preferable because weighting processing of evaluation points described later can be easily performed. However, the method of assigning evaluation points is not limited to this in the input stage of small item evaluation points by the system user, and NG, C, B, A, AA, etc. may be input.

  Furthermore, the evaluation criteria may include a point addition mode of evaluation points. For example, as an evaluation standard of the “disinfectant” of the small item, as shown in FIG. 2, “there is alcohol contained in a hand-held container = 75 points” with respect to “none = 0 points”, “There is alcohol contained in an automatic spray type container = 100 points”. However, when the spray of alcohol contained in an automatic sprayer type container is interlocked with the opening and closing of the door, it is 125. You may attach | subject the evaluation score over 100 points called a point. In this way, by including the point addition mode in the evaluation criteria, the operator can be invited to a sanitary management system that can obtain a high evaluation score.

  Moreover, it is preferable to enumerate the evaluation criteria for each small item in a direction in which the aspect is sequentially improved from the rejected aspect to the best aspect. As a result, when the system user selects a corresponding one of these evaluation criteria, not only the selected evaluation criteria but also the evaluation criteria that are in the improvement direction can be seen. The criteria will act as a list of improvement proposals.

  On the other hand, FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining functions of the computer 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  When each small item evaluation score is inputted by the system user, the computer 4 holds it in the memory by the data holding means.

  Further, the computer 4 can set a ratio (%) between small items as a weight of evaluation between the small items in the large item to which the small item belongs, for each small item. The ratio (%) between large items can be set as the weight of evaluation between large items. The computer 4 holds these setting values by setting holding means. The ratio between the small items and the ratio between the large items are empirically set to predetermined numerical values.

  The calculation means of the computer 4 calls each small item evaluation point held in the data holding means and performs the following calculation.

  First, the small item ratio held in the setting holding unit is called, and the product of the small item evaluation point and the small item ratio of the small item is calculated as a weighted evaluation point for the small item.

  The total for each large item of the small item weighted evaluation points calculated in this way is calculated as the large item evaluation point.

  Also, the ratio between the large items held in the setting holding means is called, and the product of the large item evaluation point calculated as described above and the ratio between the large items of the large item is calculated as the weighted evaluation point of the large item. The sum of the weighted evaluation points for each major item is calculated as the overall evaluation point.

  The computer 4 outputs these calculation results to an input form on the display as shown in FIG.

  The graph display means of the computer 4 creates a radar chart that displays the overall evaluation points calculated by the calculation means and the large item evaluation points that are the basis of the calculation, and for any large item, the large item evaluation points. And a radar chart displaying the small item evaluation points that are the basis of the calculation.

  Next, the output control means of the computer 4 determines whether or not each small item evaluation point has a rejected evaluation score, and there is no evaluation score for rejection as shown in the input form of FIG. In this case, as a comprehensive evaluation, a radar chart displaying a comprehensive evaluation score and a large item evaluation score that is a basis for the calculation is output to the display 2. FIG. 3 is an example of such a radar chart. In the figure, the inside of the small hexagon at the center represents the range of the unfavorable hygiene management state, the score outside the chart represents the large item evaluation point, and% represents the ratio between large items. At the time of this output, an alarm may be issued when the total evaluation score or large item evaluation score is less than a predetermined numerical value (for example, 50 points for a maximum of 100 points).

  If necessary, the display 2 may display a radar chart displaying arbitrary large item evaluation points and small item evaluation points that are the basis of the calculation as shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, for example, as shown in the input form shown in FIG. 5, when there is an unsuccessful evaluation score in the small item evaluation score held in the data holding means, the output control means rejects. The display is output to the display 2. As a display mode on the display 2 of the failure display, it is possible to indicate only a small item with a failure evaluation score and a description of the failure, but as with the case where there is no failure evaluation score, The calculation results of the item weighted evaluation points, large item evaluation points, large item weighted evaluation points, and comprehensive evaluation points are displayed on the input form as shown in FIG. 5, and the calculated total as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the evaluation point is erased with a strike line, and “0 point” is displayed as a failure. Moreover, it is preferable that an improvement proposal is added to the failure display, and an alarm may be issued.

  Furthermore, in the fail display, a radar chart that displays the overall evaluation score and the large item evaluation score that is the basis of the calculation may be displayed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, a large item evaluation score that has a failure evaluation score in a small item may be expressed as “0 points”. Further, for any large item, a radar chart that displays the large item evaluation points and the small item evaluation points that are the basis of the calculation may be displayed. In this case as well, as shown in FIG. 7, the small item evaluation score with the reject evaluation score may be displayed as “0 points”. Thereby, a large item and a small item with a rejection evaluation point can be visually impressed strongly.

  In the present invention, when outputting comprehensive evaluation points, large item evaluation points, etc., not only those evaluation points or radar charts based on the current input data but also evaluation points and radar charts based on past input data are displayed. You may make it understand change with time.

  Further, in the present invention, the display mode that the computer 4 outputs to the display 2 is not limited to the radar chart as described above, but may be displayed as an improvement proposal list, an illustrated improvement proposal or a procedure manual, etc. .

  For example, the improvement proposal based only on the document in FIG. 6 may be an improvement proposal including an illustration that makes an image of the “situation in which hand washing can be performed immediately” as the improvement proposal in FIG.

  FIG. 10 is an example of an illustration that serves as a standard for a procedure or an improvement proposal when hygiene management is performed on a procedure for suctioning airway secretions performed in a hospital in the sanitary management system 1B according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, for example, (1) Hand hygiene (use rubbing alcohol preparations. Or use detergent containing running water and detergent or disinfectant. Wash hands.), (2) Preparation of goods (expiration date, check if sterilized packaging is not wet or torn), (3) Bali application caution (plastic apron or gown, surgical mask, Wear goggles or face shield.), (4) Hand hygiene (use rubbing alcohol preparations, or wash hands with running water and detergent or disinfectant containing detergent), (5) Wear gloves ( Sterile gloves are desirable, but cleanly controlled non-sterile gloves may be used. Do not use the same glove for multiple patients.), (6) Suction operation 1 (suction catheter is removed cleanly and suction operation is performed. The rinsing liquid used for suction is sterilized. Wipe the outside of the catheter with 70% alcohol before passing the rinsing solution and dry it thoroughly.), (7) Suction operation 2 (confirmation of secretions, auscultation. Disinfect the artificial respiratory system connection with 70% alcohol. (8) Clean up (dispose of tubes with organ secretions in infectious waste containers), (9) Hand hygiene (rubbing alcohol preparation). Or, wash your hands with running water and a detergent or a detergent containing a disinfectant. Thus, by showing the procedure with illustrations, the procedure can be easily understood visually, and the hygiene management effect can be improved.

  In the present invention, as a method of displaying an illustration, the large item that is a hygiene management item, the small item that is the evaluation element, and the evaluation criteria of the small item are held in the data holding unit together with the corresponding illustration, and the comprehensive evaluation is performed. The method of outputting an illustration with the item corresponding to the time of outputting, etc. can be given. In addition, when a series of operation procedures is shown as an illustration as a standard procedure or improvement proposal, the series of operation procedures using the illustration is stored in a computer storage means so that it can be called up appropriately when a comprehensive evaluation is output. .

  The sanitary management systems 1A and 1B of the present invention use the recording medium of the present invention in which a program for constructing this system is recorded on a CD-ROM, MO, FD, etc. It can be easily constructed by installing it in a personal computer.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a sanitary management system 1C according to a different aspect of the present invention. In this hygiene management system 1C, the display 2 and the input means (keyboard 3 and the like) are installed in the computer system 4 ′ of each business office. A server 6 connected to a computer system 4 'of a plurality of business offices by a communication line such as a public telephone line or a satellite line is used. This server 6 is managed by a separate office or the like that conducts a hygiene management business. By connecting the server 6 to the computer systems 4 ′ at a plurality of establishments in this way, the server 6 can have a comprehensive evaluation score and a large item evaluation score based on the evaluation points input by the system users at the plurality of establishments. In addition to computing means to calculate weighted evaluation points for large items, evaluation points for small items, or weighted evaluation points for small items, statistical processing values such as the average value, maximum value, and minimum value of these calculated values are calculated. It is possible to incorporate a means to do this. Therefore, in each business office, not only the overall evaluation score but also its statistical processing value can be output from the server 6 to the display 2 or printed. Therefore, according to this sanitary management system 1B, it becomes possible to compare and check the sanitary management status of each office.

  The sanitary management system of the present invention can be applied to businesses such as food manufacturing factories, hotels, hospitals, care facilities, and cleaning in all business categories. In particular, it is useful as a support tool for small food manufacturing factories to evaluate and improve the current level of hygiene management when tackling HACCP.

It is a flowchart explaining the function of a calculating means about one Example of this invention. This is an input form for the system user to input evaluation points. It is an example of the display screen of the comprehensive evaluation score when there is no failure in the small item evaluation score. It is an example of the display screen of the weighted evaluation score of a large item when there is no failure in the small item evaluation score. It is an input form when there is a failure in the small item evaluation score. It is an example of the display screen of a comprehensive evaluation score when there is a failure in the small item evaluation score. It is an example of the display screen of the weighted evaluation score of a large item when there is a failure in the small item evaluation score. It is a schematic block diagram of one Example of this invention. It is an example of the display screen of a comprehensive evaluation score when there is a failure in the small item evaluation score. It is an illustration displayed as a standard procedure or an improvement proposal when hygiene management of the procedure of suctioning airway secretions. It is a schematic block diagram of the different aspect of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1A, 1B, 1C Hygiene management system 2 Display 3 Keyboard 4 Computer 5 Printer 6 Server

Claims (7)

A display means for displaying an input form for a system user to input evaluation points for a plurality of hygiene management items, an input means for inputting evaluation points, a computer for calculating and outputting a comprehensive evaluation from the input evaluation points, and its output A hygiene management system having a display means for displaying contents,
The input form displays a number of major items in hygiene management and the sub items of hygiene management that are the evaluation elements of each large item, and in each sub item, the evaluation criteria of the sub items are listed, and the evaluation criteria Is given a rejected score for matters that do not reach the minimum level required for hygiene management.
Computer
Data holding means for holding evaluation points input by the system user for each sub-item,
For each small item, the ratio between small items set in advance as the weight of evaluation between small items in the large item to which the small item belongs, and the large item preset as the weight of evaluation between large items for each large item Setting holding means for holding the ratio between
Call each small item evaluation point held by the data holding means, and the ratio between small items and the ratio between large items held by the setting holding means, and calculate the product of the small item evaluation point and the ratio between the small items of the small items. Calculate as the weighted evaluation score for the small items, calculate the sum of the weighted evaluation points for the small items for each large item, and calculate the product of the large item evaluation score and the ratio between the large items for the large item. Calculation means that calculates as a weighted evaluation point for large items, and calculates the sum of the weighted evaluation points for each large item as a comprehensive evaluation point, and at least fails if any of the small items has a failed evaluation point A hygiene management system equipped with output control means for outputting a display and outputting an overall evaluation score when there is no display.   The sanitary management system according to claim 1, wherein in the subitems, evaluation criteria are listed in a direction in which the aspect is sequentially improved from the rejected aspect to the best aspect.   The sanitary management system according to claim 2, wherein an evaluation point addition mode is included in the evaluation criteria for the small items.   The hygiene management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the computer includes a graph display unit that outputs a comprehensive evaluation point calculated by the calculation unit and a large item evaluation point serving as a basis for the calculation in a radar chart. . Said computer means
A total evaluation point, a large item evaluation point, a large item weighted evaluation point, a small item evaluation point based on evaluation points input from a plurality of input means and connected to the input means of a plurality of system users through communication lines or The hygiene management according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for calculating the statistical processing values from the weighted evaluation points of the small items, and means for outputting the statistical processing values to the display means of each system user. system. Displays a number of major items in hygiene management and the sub items of hygiene management that are the evaluation factors of each large item, and in each sub item, the evaluation criteria for the sub items are listed, and in the evaluation criteria, hygiene management A means for outputting an input form for small item evaluation points that are given a rejected evaluation point for matters that do not reach the minimum required level,
Data holding means for holding evaluation points input by the system user for each sub-item,
For each small item, the ratio between small items set as the evaluation weight between the small items in the large item to which the small item belongs, and the ratio between large items set as the evaluation weight between the large items for each large item Setting holding means for holding
Call each small item evaluation point held in the data holding means, and the ratio between small items and the ratio between large items held in the setting holding means, and calculate the product of the small item evaluation point and the ratio between the small items of the small items. Calculate as the weighted evaluation score for the small item, calculate the sum of the weighted evaluation points for the small items for each large item, and calculate the product of the large item evaluation score and the ratio between the large items for the large item. Calculation means that calculates as a weighted evaluation point for large items, and calculates the sum of the weighted evaluation points for each large item as a comprehensive evaluation point, and at least fails if any of the small items has a failed evaluation point A program for a hygiene management system that causes a computer to function as output control means for outputting a display and outputting an overall evaluation score when there is no display. A recording medium in which the program according to claim 6 is recorded in a computer-readable manner.

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