JP2005314972A - Air cleaning device in tunnel and air ventilating method in the tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air cleaning device in a tunnel and an air ventilating method in the tunnel capable of efficiently cleaning an air in the tunnel polluted by harmful substances such as dust and exhaust gas, etc. generated with blasting work at a cutting face of the tunnel, excavation work and spraying work. <P>SOLUTION: The air cleaning device 10 comprises a suction duct 12 absorbing a polluted air inside thereof from an inlet port 11 directed to the cutting face side of the tunnel and making it axial flow air feed, a dust removal filter section 21 provided with a plurality of stepped filters removing dust by making the polluted air fed from the rear end 12b of the suction duct fall pass and water spraying means piped upward of each step of the filters, spraying water to the polluted air and cleaning the filters, a sludge storage section 22 accumulating and storing sprayed water and eliminated contaminant and a dust removal device 20 consisting of a purified air stream way 23 having an exhaust port 29 divided from the dust removal filter section 21 and exhausting purified air. An exhaust duct 50 directed to the cutting face side is connected to the exhaust port 29. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel mine air purification device and a mine air ventilation method, and more particularly to efficiently mine air polluted by harmful substances such as dust and exhaust gas generated by blasting work, excavation work, and blowing work at a tunnel face. The present invention relates to a tunnel mine air purification apparatus and a mine air ventilation method that are capable of purifying well and efficiently purifying air in the tunnel mine as the tunnel face progresses.

  Conventionally, various dust collectors have been used in order to purify air contaminated with dust or exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as contaminated air) in a tunnel mine. In conventional dust collectors, a filter-type dust collector that passes through a dry filter and removes dust by adhering contaminated air dust to the filter surface. Contaminated air is passed around a large number of electrostatically charged electrode plates to remove dust. Various types have been developed, such as an electric dust collector that dusts the electrode plate, and a scrubber dust collector that collects dust by bringing the sucked contaminated air into contact with the dust collecting water in the scrubber tank.

  Among these, the filter type dust collector has good dust collection efficiency, but if the filter or suction pump is clogged, the dust collection efficiency will drop, so the filter must be replaced at regular intervals, and the maintenance cost is high There's a problem. In addition, since the electric dust collector adheres dust to the charged electrode plate, it has good adhesion to fine dust, but it is difficult to remove the large particle size dust. There is a possibility that the solidified material containing ss adheres on the electrode plate surface. Furthermore, although the scrubber type dust collector does not have the above-mentioned problems, it has to be a large apparatus because it includes a water tank that holds a large amount of dust collecting water. Since such a large-sized apparatus is inevitably stationary, it is necessary to extend and install a suction pipe dedicated to dust collection as the tunnel face advances.

  In order to solve the problems of these conventional devices, one of the applicants has developed a ventilation device in a tunnel mine in which a wet dust collector and an air supply duct are mounted on a transport carriage (Patent Document 1). reference). According to this ventilator, since the air supply duct is mounted on the wet dust collector mounted on the loading platform of the large truck as the transporting truck, the dust-removed cleaner discharged from the exhaust port of the dust collector exhaust pipe is mounted. Clean air can be circulated toward the tunnel face by sucking air from the suction port of the air supply duct. Therefore, it is possible to ventilate the tunnel mine with this one ventilation device.

JP 2003-148100 A.

  Specifically, a ventilation device in which a dust collector and an air supply duct are mounted on a transport carriage disclosed in Patent Document 1 sucks contaminated air into a dust collector through a suction port that opens toward a tunnel face, and filters the dust collector. Purified air discharged from the exhaust port of the dust collector by an air supply duct equipped with an axial-flow ventilation fan and exhausted from the exhaust port that opens toward the tunnel pit. A part of the air is sucked and air is sent toward the tunnel face. In addition, a filter in which a fiber layer and a perforated metal plate are laminated is installed in the water storage tank of the dust collector, and the inside of the water storage tank is partitioned into a cleaning chamber and an exhaust chamber by this filter. The polluted air sucked into the cleaning chamber is sprinkled with water in the cleaning chamber, and is removed while moving to the exhaust chamber side through the filter at a predetermined wind speed.

  However, in this air purification device, in the process in which contaminated air sucked by the suction fan flows from the suction port facing the tunnel face to the exhaust port, the pressure in the opposite direction to the air flow in the cleaning chamber Since water is jetted, it becomes resistance to air flow, which is not preferable. Moreover, although it passes through a filter for dust removal at the end of the cleaning chamber, this filter is installed in front of the air flow direction, and the airflow passage cross section is narrowed to a small area above the water surface of the water tank. For this reason, if an attempt is made to secure the necessary air volume, the air will pass through the filter while the air velocity is fast, and there is a possibility that the dust removal and purification effect by the filter cannot be obtained.

  In addition, a part of the purified air is sent from the dust collector's exhaust port to the tunnel well opening. However, because the exhaust device's exhaust capacity is limited, there is a risk that sufficient tunnel ventilation will not be possible if the tunnel extension is long. In some cases, incidental equipment such as a relay fan is required.

In addition to removing dust generated at the face when purging underground air, the efficiency of ammonia generated by blasting, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO _x ), etc. in exhaust gas from work machines Removal is important.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, purify contaminated air in the mine, which is located behind the tunnel face and generated by work such as face excavation, and the purified air is used as the face. Equipped with an air purification device that feeds air toward the side and promotes ventilation of contaminated air at the face, forcibly guides and discharges part of the contaminated air in the mine to the outside of the tunnel, and corresponds to the exhaust air capacity It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel mine air purification device and a mine air ventilation method in which fresh air outside the mine flows from the pit to the inside of the tunnel mine toward the face, thereby ventilating the tunnel mine.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention is configured to suck a contaminated air from the suction port facing the tunnel face side and suck the contaminated air into the inside thereof, and to feed the contaminated air sent from the rear end of the suction duct. A dust removing filter section provided with a plurality of stages of filters for removing dust by passing down, and water spraying means for spraying water onto the contaminated air and washing the filters while being piped above each stage of the filters And a muddy water storage section for accumulating and storing the sprayed water and removed contaminants, and a purified air flow path having an exhaust port for exhausting purified air to the outside, which is defined by the dust filter section. And a dust removing device.

  As a tunnel mine air ventilation method using the air purification apparatus having the above characteristics, a purified air supply duct is extended from the exhaust port of the air purification apparatus toward the tunnel face side, and purified air is sent to the tunnel face side to send the tunnel face. Contaminated air generated and staying in the vicinity is moved as an air flow from the tunnel face to the air purification device, and the contaminated air that has reached the suction port of the air purification device is sucked and purified. It is characterized by that.

  At this time, the filter is preferably composed of a mat-like filter made of a synthetic fiber locking material and a metal plate filter formed by laminating a plurality of perforated metal plates.

  In addition, as a ventilation method, an exhaust duct is mounted on the air purification device so that the suction port faces the tunnel face, and the exhaust duct is extended to the outside of the tunnel well opening so that the air in the vicinity of the air purification device is moved outside the tunnel well. It is preferable to discharge the water.

  According to the present invention, the contaminated air sucked into the air purification device is contaminated because the spray direction of the water sprayed in the device and the contaminated air flow sent into the device descend in the same direction. Attenuation of the wind pressure and air volume of the air flow is kept small, the filter member having a large filter area, and contaminants in the airflow passing (falling) through the sprayed state are reliably purified, and the air in a clean state (purification The air discharge rate is sufficiently maintained, high purification capability is exhibited, and sufficient air purification is achieved. Further, when the purified air is sent to the tunnel face side, the contaminated air in the vicinity of the face is guided to the tunnel well side as an air flow, and is sucked into the air purification device and purified. At this time, the air inside the tunnel is efficiently discharged to the outside of the tunnel well by the exhaust duct installed on the upper side of the air purification device toward the tunnel wellhead side, and fresh air outside the tunnel corresponding to the discharged air is tunneled from the wellhead. By flowing in the tunnel toward the face, the tunnel tunnel can be more efficiently ventilated.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings based on the following embodiments.

In FIG. 1, a tunnel mine air purification device (hereinafter, referred to as FIG. 2) in which a dust removal device (see FIG. 2) having the main configuration of the present invention is mounted on a truck 2 such as a truck capable of self-propelling in the tunnel mine 1 by tire traveling. 10, and a suction portion of the exhaust duct 50 installed on the upper surface of the air purification device 10. In FIG. 1, the inside of the air purification device 10, the dust removal device 20, and the exhaust duct 50 is partially shown in a cross-sectional view for explanation. The dust removal device of the present invention is not only a function of removing dust generated at the face, but also CO, NO _x , ammonia, etc. are discharged from various work machines operated in the mine due to the property of being easily dissolved in water. It has a function of removing those harmful substances contained in exhaust gas and ammonia generated by blasting.

  The air purification device 10 mounted on a truck 2 such as a truck in the mine is a suction unit assembled horizontally on the frame so that the suction port 11 faces the tunnel face 3 (see FIG. 5) located on the left back side. It is composed of a duct 12 and a dust removing device 20 connected to the pipe end of the suction duct 12, and a submersible pump 14 for operating the dust removing device 20 is mounted on the carriage 2.

  The suction duct 12 is formed in a straight pipe having a different diameter with the diameter of the intermediate portion changing, and an electric axial flow fan 13 capable of supplying a predetermined amount of air along the longitudinal direction of the duct is installed in the small diameter portion 12a. . The tube end portion of the introduction tube 20a of the dust removing device 20 is connected to the tube rear end portion 12b.

[Configuration of dust removal equipment]
Hereinafter, each part which comprises the dust removal apparatus 20 is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
The dust remover 20 is directed toward the surfaces of the filters 30 arranged in a plurality of stages, each of which is formed by laminating a plurality of types of plate-like filters that adsorb dust in contaminated air on the surface and remove the dust. The water 17 is sprayed in a fine mist, and dust in the polluted air flowing down in the apparatus and harmful gases such as CO, NO _x , and ammonia are brought into contact with the surface of the mist-like minute water droplets, A state in which the dust removing filter portion 21 provided with water spraying means (nozzle row 25, water pipe 26) for washing off the dust adsorbed on the surface of the filter 30, and dust and various contaminants removed by the dust removing filter portion 21 are mixed. The muddy water part 22 where water flowing down the filter and sludge sludge (which will be described later) accumulate and the dust removing filter part 21 are adjacent to and separated from each other. And a deployed purified air upflow path 23.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 3, the dust removing filter unit 21 is supported by a frame (not shown) so as to be opened at a predetermined distance in the height direction and to be horizontal. A stage filter 30 (in this embodiment, when two stages of filters are distinguished from each other, they are referred to as an upper stage filter 30U and a lower stage filter 30L), and a nozzle array 25 (hereinafter referred to as each stage) arranged on the upper surface of the filter 30. When the nozzle rows are shown separately, they are referred to as an upper nozzle row 25U and a lower nozzle row 25L.) And a water pipe 26 (in this embodiment, a main pipe 26A and a branch pipe 26B) for supplying water 17 to the nozzle row 25. And a water spray means comprising the water pipe 26).

(Filter configuration)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the filter 30 is formed by laminating a plurality of perforated metal plates each having a mat-like synthetic fiber filter 31 on the lower surface side and numerous small holes formed on the upper surface side. It is composed of a two-stage structure filter in which a set of metal plate filters 32 configured as described above are arranged and integrally laminated. The sprayed water 17 collides with the filter 30 having this laminated structure at a predetermined pressure. At that time, dust particles in the contaminated air and contaminant particles come into contact with the filter surface, and dust in the air is removed. At the same time, the dust 17 adhering to the filter surface is washed away by the water 17 that hits the upper surface of the filter at a predetermined pressure.

  The mat-like synthetic fiber filter 31 is made of an elastic mat having a predetermined thickness having a space ratio of 90% or more by three-dimensionally curling synthetic resin monofilaments in the shape of eyelashes and bonding contacts using a covering material. It is made of a lock material, and has a low air passage resistance and a sufficiently large filter surface area, so that particles such as dust can easily collide and be adsorbed on the fiber surface of the filter 31. In this embodiment, mat-like products having a length and width of 1 m × 1 m and a thickness of 50 mm are used side by side. The plurality of mats are supported by a frame body frame (not shown) arranged so as to partition each block. Further, since the filter 31 can be taken in and out at any time from an open / close door (not shown) provided on the side surface of the air purification device cover, a part of the filter (mat) can be replaced as necessary.

  The metal plate filter 32 is shaped like an expanded metal or a punching metal, with the metal plate being cut at predetermined intervals to form an opening, and the metal plate portion connecting the openings is in the air passage direction (perpendicular to the plane). The shape is uniformly bent and inclined. For this reason, the passing airflow collides with a metal plate as a buffer and is deflected. And since each metal plate has a plurality of laminated layers so that the inclination direction changes (for example, every 90 °), the contaminated air passes while being refracted continuously and becomes turbulent air, and the contained dust is separated from the air current, In addition, it is adsorbed and removed when it collides with the metal plate. As the metal plate, a corrosion-resistant aluminum plate, a stainless plate or the like is suitable. In this embodiment, a plurality of trade names “Pyro Screen” (registered trademark) are used as metal plate filters. If it is a metal plate filter which has the same effect, the metal plate which has opening of another shape can be laminated | stacked, and it can be used as a filter.

(Configuration of water spray means)
Next, the configuration and the operation of the nozzle row 25 and the water pipe 26 as water spraying means that is piped in the dust removing filter section 21 and can spray the supplied water 17 in a predetermined mist form will be described with reference to FIGS. This will be described with reference to FIG. Each nozzle row 25 was piped in parallel at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the pipe in the dust filter section 21 with respect to the main pipe 26A guided from the water supply source (not shown) via the submersible pump 14. It is connected to the tip of the branch pipe 26B, and is arranged above the filter 30 with a predetermined separation. The water 17 supplied to the main pipe 26A of the water pipe 26 and sprayed from the upper nozzle row 25U and the lower nozzle row 25L via the branch pipe 25B includes a tunnel spring water, a mine shaft supplied via an external pipe (not shown). The supernatant water stored in the external water supply source and the mud reservoir 22 described later is used.

  In this embodiment, the water 17 to be sprayed is sent from the main pipe 26A to the branch pipe 26B, further to the upper nozzle row 25U, and to the lower nozzle row 25L via the submersible pump 14. In the present embodiment, the submersible pump 14 has a specification in which water 17 having a water pressure of about 200 kPa and about 220 liters / minute can be sprayed from the nozzles 28 formed in the nozzle rows 25 attached at predetermined intervals. Yes. At this time, the hole shape (not shown) of each nozzle 28 is processed so that the water 17 sprayed from the nozzle hole becomes a fine mist with a conical shape. For example, as schematically shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hole shape is processed so that the sprayed water 17 has a conical shape with an apex angle of about 45 ° in appearance. By setting the shape, pitch, and load water pressure of the nozzles 28 in this way, as shown in FIG. 3, the water 17 sprayed from the upper nozzle row 25U can be poured over almost the entire surface of the upper filter 30U. In the lower nozzle row 25L, as shown in FIG. 4A, the nozzles are arranged at intervals such that an appropriate injection angle is realized along the longitudinal direction of each pipe, as shown in FIG. As described above, spraying is performed on the upper surface of the lower filter 30L in the form of a continuous circular array having a predetermined overlapping portion in plan view.

In this way, the contaminated air flowing down the dust removal filter unit 21 at a predetermined wind speed is sprayed from the nozzles 28 of the nozzle rows 25 and sufficiently contacts the conical mist water 17 and passes through the filter 30. It is surely purified when flowing down. In order to schematically represent the state of this purification action, the flow of contaminated air is indicated by black arrows and the flow of purified air is indicated by white arrows in FIG. Incidentally, water curtain C _w water 17 flows down to the inlet 20a nearest pipe 26C a water membrane is formed. Thereby, even when the fan of the suction duct 12 stops, the sprayed water 17 does not flow backward to the suction duct 12 side.

(Composition of the mud reservoir)
The mud reservoir 22 is held at a predetermined water level at the bottom of the square tank-shaped dust removing device 20 main body. Dust sludge deposited and accumulated at the bottom of the muddy water storage unit 22 is dropped from a sludge discharge port (not shown) at the bottom of the air purification device 10 to the underground drainage channel as appropriate, and is used as underground drainage along with debris generated during rock drilling. It flows down to the outside of the mine, is dewatered and solidified by a filter press or the like of a known muddy water treatment plant installed outside the mine, and is treated as industrial waste. Note that the supernatant water stored in the mud reservoir 22 is taken into the water pipe 26 by switching a three-way valve (not shown) of the submersible pump 14 installed outside the dust removing device 20 and reused as spray water. You can also.

  Further, a predetermined number of water permeable panel-like activated carbon cartridges 24 are erected at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the mud reservoir 22. When the water that has washed away the pollutant permeates through the activated carbon cartridge 24, harmful components in the exhaust gas eluted into the contaminated water adhere to the activated carbon due to the adsorption action of the activated carbon contained therein, and these can be removed. it can. Further, a photocatalyst (titanium dioxide) is applied to the upper inner wall surface and ceiling surface of the dust removing filter unit 21, a sheet-like material is pasted, and an ultraviolet irradiation device (not shown) is provided in the upper space to remove dust by photocatalytic action. It is preferable to attempt to decompose pollutants in the contaminated air that contacts the wall surface of the filter unit 21.

  As another configuration, a purified air ascending flow path 23 is defined by a partition plate 27 at a side portion of the dust removing filter portion 21. As indicated by white arrows in FIG. 2, the purified air that has passed along the water surface of the muddy water storage unit 22 moves up the purified air ascending flow path 23 and is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust port 29. In this embodiment, one end of the purified air supply duct 40 is connected to the exhaust port 29. As shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, the purified air supply duct 40 is connected to a U-shaped curved duct 42 disposed at the front of the track and a U-shaped end of the curved duct 42. The air supply duct 43 is formed by connecting several straight pipes extended to the vicinity of the face 3. Therefore, the purified air purified by the air purification device 10 is supplied in a stable state to the face 3 as will be described later via the purified air supply duct 40.

  On the other hand, an exhaust duct 50 is installed on the upper surface of the dust removing device 20 of the air purification device 10. The exhaust duct 50 is parallel to the tunnel extension direction, is provided with a suction port 51 facing the face 3 side, and is equipped with an axial fan 52 therein. As a function thereof, contaminated air from the tunnel face side is taken in and connected to an extended exhaust duct 54 suspended at a tunnel top position via a connection duct 53. The extended exhaust duct 54 extends to the outside of the tunnel well (not shown), and the air inside the tunnel is discharged to the outside of the tunnel well.

[Mine air ventilation method]
Next, a ventilation method for purifying contaminated air in the vicinity of the face 3 of the tunnel and discharging the contaminated air to the outside of the tunnel using the air purification device 10 described above will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a tunnel longitudinal sectional view showing the installation state of the air purification device 10 at the excavation stage where the tunnel face is sufficiently advanced. In the present embodiment, the truck on which the illustrated air purification device 10 is mounted is stopped at a wellhead side position by about 50 m from the tunnel face.

  First, the purified air supplied from the air purification device 10 is guided through the extended air supply duct 43 extended to a position near the face 3 (about 30 m behind the face) and discharged toward the face 3. At this time, excavation work by a rock drill or blasting is in progress at the face 3, and the air in the vicinity of the face is in a state of being contaminated by dust and exhaust gas generated by these work. Purified air (white arrow in the figure) is supplied there, and the contaminated air moves toward the rear of the tunnel away from the face 3 (solid arrow in the figure) and is sucked into the suction port 11 of the air purification device 10. Is done. Similarly, the polluted air is also discharged out of the mine by the exhaust duct 50. When this state becomes steady, as shown in FIG. 5, the contaminated air region 61 on the tunnel face side, with the inlet 11 of the air purification device 10 and the inlet 51 of the exhaust duct 50 as a boundary, It has been confirmed that the air boundary surface 63 (indicated by a two-dot chain line) with the clean air region 64 on the tunnel wellhead side is formed obliquely. At this time, in the vicinity of the boundary, the contaminated air in the vicinity of the face has a relatively high temperature due to heat generated by operating machines, devices, etc., so the upper side of the tunnel cross section is compared with the fresh air flowing from the tunnel well. Since the target temperature is low, they are located on the lower side of the tunnel cross section and come into contact with each other, so that the above-described boundary surface 63 is stabilized. The polluted air can be discharged from the tunnel entrance to the outside of the tunnel through an extended exhaust duct (not shown) connected to the exhaust duct 50, and the inside ventilation can be efficiently performed. As a result, excavation and spraying work is performed in the vicinity of the tunnel face while the purified air is supplied, and lining driving work is performed in the clean air that has flowed in from the wellhead side of the air purification device 10. A sanitary favorable working environment is realized.

The partial sectional view which showed schematic structure of the tunnel mine air purification apparatus and exhaust duct of this invention. The apparatus internal sectional view which showed the detailed structure inside the dust removal apparatus of a tunnel mine air purification apparatus. The schematic cross section which showed the spray state of the water for washing | cleaning by the piping for washing | cleaning in a dust removal apparatus. The schematic side surface and arrow plan view which showed the state sprayed from the nozzle row | line | column provided in the longitudinal direction, and the cone-shaped foggy part was formed. The state explanatory view which showed the air current state in the tunnel in the ventilation method which performs mine ventilation with the tunnel mine air purification apparatus of this invention. FIG. 6 is a state explanatory view showing the airflow state in the tunnel shown in FIG. 5 in a plane.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel pit 3 Tunnel face 10 Air purification apparatus 11 Suction inlet 12 Suction duct 17 Water 20 Dust removal apparatus 21 Dust removal filter part 22 Mud storage part 23 Purified air ascending flow path 25 Nozzle row (25U upper nozzle row, 25L lower nozzle row)
26 Water pipe (26A main pipe, 26B branch pipe)
30 Filter 31 Synthetic fiber filter 32 Metal plate filter 40 Purified air supply duct 50 Exhaust duct

Claims (4)

A suction duct that sucks contaminated air into the interior from the suction port facing the tunnel face,
A plurality of stages of filters for removing dust by passing down the polluted air sent from the rear end of the suction duct, piped above each stage of the filter, spraying water on the contaminated air, A dust removal filter unit provided with a water spray means for cleaning, a muddy water storage unit for accumulating and storing the sprayed water and removed contaminants, and the dust removal filter unit, and exhausting purified air to the outside A tunnel mine air purification device comprising a dust removal device comprising a purified air flow path having an exhaust port that performs exhaust.   A purified air supply duct is extended from the exhaust port of the air purification device according to claim 1 toward the tunnel face, and the purified air is sent to the tunnel face to remove contaminated air generated in the vicinity of the tunnel face. A tunnel mine air ventilation method, wherein the air is moved as an air flow toward the air purification device from the side, and the contaminated air reaching the suction port of the air purification device is sucked and purified.   The tunnel mine air purification device according to claim 1, wherein the filter includes a mat-like filter made of a synthetic fiber lock material and a metal plate filter formed by laminating a plurality of perforated metal plates.   An exhaust duct is mounted on the air purification device so that the suction port faces the tunnel face, and the exhaust duct is extended to the outside of the tunnel well opening so that the air in the vicinity of the air purification device is discharged to the outside of the tunnel well. The tunnel mine air ventilation method according to claim 2, wherein the tunnel mine air ventilation method is provided.

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