JP2005312332A - Culturing vessel or bag for mushroom cultivation, and method for cultivating mushroom using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a culturing vessel or bag for mushroom cultivation with which excellent-quality carpophores can be obtained through a simple and reliable means in high productivity in mushroom bed artificial cultivation: and to provide a method for cultivating mushroom using the culturing vessel or bag. <P>SOLUTION: The culturing vessel or bag for mushroom cultivation is structured as follows: forming a vent perforation part not permitting the passage of microorganisms at a part of the culturing vessel or bag not coming into contact with a culture medium, and a perforation part for primordium formation and growth of carpophores which is openable at a predetermined stage of culturing mycelia to communicate with the outside and also forms the primordium and grows the carpophores through the opened part at a part of the vessel or bag coming into contact with the culture medium. The method for cultivating mushroom comprises using the culturing vessel or bag, and peeling a covering member at the opening part of the perforation part for formation of the primordium and growth of the carpophores at the predetermined stage of culturing mycelia, namely the stage where the mycelia are widespread on the whole of the culture medium or the subsequent stage after finishing low-temperature maturation so as to efficiently form the primordium and grow the carpophores due to the opening part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  In the mushroom fungus bed artificial cultivation, the present invention performs cooperative control of aeration management, moisture / humidity management, and management for preventing contamination of germs, and management of mycelia and formation of primordial and A culture container or bag for cultivation of mushrooms that enables effective growth management of the fruiting bodies and enables the acquisition of fruit bodies of excellent quality with high productivity by simple and reliable means, and the mushrooms The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a mushroom using a culture container or a culture bag for cultivation.

  Mushrooms have long been loved as a natural food material because of their unique taste and texture, and recently, their use as a health food has attracted attention due to the various health functions of mushrooms. In recent years, artificial cultivation techniques for the production of mushrooms have progressed, and artificial cultivation techniques have been developed for edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, sea cucumbers, maitake mushrooms, buna shimeji mushrooms, and bamboo shimeji mushrooms. Artificial cultivation methods can be roughly classified into log artificial cultivation methods and fungus bed artificial cultivation methods. The former is a cultivation method using, for example, raw wood such as Japanese oak, beech and kunugi as a hoda tree, and the latter uses, for example, sawdust, corn cob and the like as a base material for a medium support for retention of the medium gap and water retention. And a culture medium (medium) prepared by mixing a base material as a nutrient source such as rice bran, wheat bran, and corn bran with a solid culture medium filled in a container or bag such as a bottle or a box.

  Traditionally, mushroom cultivation has been mainly made of cypress trees using raw wood such as Quercus serrata, Kunugi, and beech. The acquisition of raw wood has become difficult due to the lack of raw wood used for trees and the lack of labor for cutting out raw wood. Due to the fact that it takes one and a half to two years to harvest oyster mushrooms, there were also problems from the economic aspect such as production costs. For this reason, in recent years, in the cultivation of enokitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji mushrooms, sea cucumbers, etc., a fungus bed artificial cultivation method using a culture medium in which rice bran is mixed with rice bran has been established, and an artificial cultivation method that can stably harvest mushrooms throughout the year. Has been incorporated.

  In order to cultivate mushrooms by the fungus bed artificial cultivation method, culture containers such as bottles and boxes for filling culture medium (medium) and managing culture are used. When filling a solid culture medium into a culture container or a culture bag and performing cultivation management of mushrooms, management of aeration, management of moisture and humidity, and management for preventing contamination of bacteria are important in addition to management of temperature. For this reason, in order to perform these management appropriately, culture containers and culture bags of various structures for mushroom cultivation have been proposed. Currently, in the method of artificial cultivation of fungus beds using culture vessels and culture bags, there is a method for cultivating mushrooms by putting culture medium in culture vessels and culture bags that are sealed with a filter that passes air and blocks germs. Many have been adopted. By using this method, contamination of germs can be eliminated, and sufficient air circulation can be ensured. Therefore, stable cultivation of mushrooms has become possible as compared with conventional cultivation using raw wood. This method has made it possible to cultivate maitake, shiitake, enokitake, and other mushrooms in a stable and high yield today.

  The culture container used for the method of cultivating mushrooms by using a culture container or culture bag having a structure in which the air is passed and a filter for blocking germs is attached and the whole is sealed, and the culture medium is put in the culture container or culture bag Various types of culture bags are disclosed. For example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 57-42287, a part of an olefin-based plastic film bag is formed of a porous plastic film having a hole diameter of 0.1 to 0.4 μm and a porosity of 35% or more, and air is passed through the film. By carrying out the above, a koji mold culture bag is disclosed in which koji molds are cultivated while preventing contamination and moisture evaporation. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-112033 discloses specific polyethylene and ethylene (in a bag made from a plastic film having a portion made of a breathable sheet that has gas permeability but does not allow bacteria and bacteria to pass through. By using a film bag comprising a (co) polymer, a bacilli culture bag having excellent bag opening, heat sealability and moderate flexibility is disclosed. Furthermore, JP-A-5-3724 and JP-A-2003-274756 disclose a mushroom cultivation container provided with a vent hole provided with a plastic film for preventing contamination of germs on the lid.

  There is also disclosed a mushroom cultivation bag having a structure in which a ventilation hole provided with a filter that passes air and blocks germs is provided, and the amount of ventilation is adjusted in a sealed culture bag or the like. For example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-50426, a plurality of ventilation holes are provided in a part of the culture bag for gonococcal fungi, and a filter having a size one size larger than that of the plurality of ventilation holes is heated. A culture bag for gonococcal fungi having a structure in which the productivity in the production of the culture bag is improved by welding or bonding, and the ventilation in the bag is increased, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-319373 discloses the cultivation of the fungus bed In the gonococcal cultivation bag, a through hole is provided in a part that does not contact the medium and a part that contacts the medium, and the former is covered with a porous film that passes air and does not pass bacteria, and the latter. Allows ventilation from above and below the culture bag by covering with a filter member with a porous film that passes air and does not pass water on both sides of the isolation layer made of a breathable and hydrophobic material. Are both disclose culture bags mushroom fungus structure that prevents contamination by bacteria.

  In order to cultivate mushrooms using a culture container or a culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms that is provided with a vent hole that does not allow passage of various germs and that is sealed and cultured, the culture medium (medium) is cultured. After filling in a container or culture bag, sterilizing, inoculating the inoculum, sealing, and then controlling the ventilation through the vent and controlling the temperature, moisture and humidity to grow the mycelium. In mushroom cultivation using these culture containers or culture bags, the upper part of the culture container is opened for germination (formation of fruit bodies) at the stage where the mycelium spreads in the culture medium (medium), or It has been practiced to break some or all of the culture bag to expose the culture medium (fungal bed) and generate mushrooms. In the mushroom culture bag, a culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms having a structure that can easily expose the culture medium (fungus bed) as described above is also known. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 55-2356 discloses a structure in which a solid culture medium is inoculated and cultured, and then the hyphae are spread, and the upper part of the bag or all of the film is removed and the germination is performed in a predetermined environment. A moss culture bag is disclosed.

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-30853 discloses a koji mold cultivation bag in which a perforation is provided slightly above the bag, and air is passed through the perforation and a filter that does not allow microorganisms to pass through is attached. A tear initiation part is provided on the side facing the bag bottom, and after the mycelium has sufficiently spread in the culture medium of the bag body by culturing the koji mold, the bag is easily broken by tearing from the tear initiation part, and the culture medium is removed from the bag. A bag cultivation bag having a structure for facilitating the operation of generating fruit bodies is disclosed. Further, JP-A-9-187168 discloses a mushroom culture bag formed from a plastic film, in which a vent hole is provided in a part of the bag, and a breathable porous sheet is adhered to the vent hole, thereby providing a mushroom. There is disclosed a culture bag for mushrooms having a structure in which hyphae are peeled off when 50% or more spread from the top of the medium to promote air circulation.

  As described above, when cultivating mushrooms using a culture container or a culture bag for cultivating mushrooms that is provided with a vent hole that passes air and does not allow passage of germs and is sealed and cultured, the mycelium is a culture medium (medium). At the stage of spreading, the upper part of the culture container is opened for budding (fruit body formation), or a part or all of the culture bag body is broken to expose the culture medium (fungus bed), and the mushroom However, in these cultivation methods, there is a problem that it is difficult to manage humidity and moisture after exposing the culture medium (bacteria bed), and it is impossible to prevent contamination with germs. Also, in terms of work, it is troublesome to cut off a part of the bag, particularly the part in contact with the medium, with a cutting tool, and there is a possibility that the medium will be damaged and it will not reach the start of the maturation. Therefore, the effort required to open the bag has become an important obstacle in terms of work cost. In view of the work efficiency at the cultivation site, it is the most preferable method to break the bag by hand, but in mushroom bag cultivation, it is essential to sterilize the culture medium at high temperature and high pressure for a long time before inoculating the inoculum. Since a bag having sufficient strength to withstand this sterilization process is required, it is difficult to break the bag without using a cutting tool by a normal method.

  In contrast to the method of breaking a part or all of such a culture bag to expose the culture medium (bacteria bed) and generating mushrooms, the culture bag opens a hole only in the part that generates mushrooms in the incubator or culture bag A method for cultivating mushrooms using the above is disclosed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-130333 eliminates the space provided between the upper part of the container and the culture medium when the inoculum has sufficiently proliferated, and has a small hole through which the mushroom pattern can be passed. Regarding the structure of a mushroom culture bag that is opened in a container and causes a mushroom to grow and grow through this small hole, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-43021 discloses a culture bag in which a vent is provided and aseptically sealed. A structure of a culture bag for a mushroom having a structure in which a sterile sheet having a perforated hole is placed at a site where the wrinkle is to be generated is specified in advance and the wrinkle is generated through the perforation is disclosed. ing. JP-A-7-95822 and JP-A 2000-300066 disclose that when a mycelium spreads in a culture medium and a primordium is formed in a mushroom cultivation container, the primordium of the cultivation container is formed. The structure of the cultivation container of the mushroom which cuts off the surrounding location which grows and grows a fruit body through the cut location is disclosed.

  In the cultivation method of mushrooms using these cultivation containers and cultivation bags, since the containers and bags are held as they are, it is substantially satisfactory in preventing invasion of various germs, but for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 54- In a method such as 130333, since aeration with respect to the entire culture medium is blocked, it is not always satisfactory in terms of the overall balance between aeration and moisture retention. Further, as in the methods described in JP-A-7-95822 and JP-A-2000-300066, when the base is formed, the peripheral portion where the base of the cultivation container is formed is excised. In the method of growing the fruiting body through the excised site, when the primordial formation perforation is cut out using a cutting tool, it is difficult to make the shape, size and location of the perforation constant, At the mushroom cultivation site, excision of a large amount of culture medium on which the primordium is formed without damaging the primordium requires very skill, and therefore, it is difficult to produce an intact and good quality mushroom. From the aspect of yield, there was a point to be improved. Furthermore, due to variations in the shape, size, and location of the primordium formation perforations, the number of days and the formation rate of primordial formation from the mycelium layer on the medium greatly fluctuate. It was a big obstacle to achieve proper cultivation.

Japanese Patent Publication No.57-42287. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-130333. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-23956. JP-A-3-43021. JP-A-5-3724. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-30853. JP-A-6-319373. JP-A-7-95822. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-112033. JP-A-9-187168. In JP2000-300066A. JP 2003-274756 A. Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-50426.

  The object of the present invention is to control the management of aeration, the management of moisture and humidity, and the management for preventing contamination by mushrooms in the artificial cultivation of mushroom fungi. A culture container or bag for cultivation of mushrooms that enables effective acquisition of the formation of the fruiting body and growth management of the fruiting body, and enables easy and reliable means to obtain fruiting bodies of excellent quality with high productivity, And it is providing the mushroom cultivation method using the culture container or culture bag for this mushroom cultivation.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in fungus bed artificial cultivation of the mushroom, the present inventor has been eagerly studying improvements in conventional culture containers and culture bags in fungus bed artificial cultivation, and has passed microorganisms through the culture container or culture bag. Mushroom culture in which a perforated part for ventilation composed of a non-permeable film is provided, the culture vessel or culture bag is filled with a culture medium, inoculated with inoculum, sealed, and mushrooms are cultured while aerated through the perforated part for aeration In a method for artificial cultivation of mushroom beds using a container or a culture bag, the container or bag that comes into contact with the culture medium of the culture container or the culture bag at the stage where the hyphae have spread throughout the culture medium or at the stage where the subsequent low temperature ripening has been completed. By partially opening the part and communicating with the outside of the culture vessel or culture bag, oxygen supply, charcoal to the mycelium layer at such a location locally by ventilation from the perforated part By expediting gas discharge, the formation of primordials is promoted, and by finding the growth of fruit bodies through the location, it is found that excellent quality mushroom fruit bodies can be obtained with high productivity. The present invention has been completed.

  That is, the mushroom culture container or the culture bag used in the fungus bed artificial cultivation of the present invention is filled with a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, inoculated with the inoculum, and cultured in the culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation. The container or bag portion that does not come into contact with the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag is provided with a venting portion made of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through, and the container or bag that comes into contact with the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag The portion can be opened at the stage where the mycelium has spread throughout the culture medium, or after completion of the low temperature aging, and can be communicated with the outside of the culture vessel or the culture bag, and the formation of the primordial through the opening. And mushroom cultivation culture container or culture bag provided with primordial formation and fruit body growth perforations for growing the fruit body, and the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention comprises the cultivation medium Using a container or culture bag, fill the culture container or culture bag with a culture medium, sterilize, inoculate the inoculum, seal the culture container or culture bag, and then incubate with ventilation through the venting hole. In a predetermined stage, that is, at the stage where the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium, or at the stage where the subsequent low-temperature ripening is completed, the covering member at the opening of the perforated part for primordial formation and fruit body growth is peeled off, and the culture container Or it consists of the cultivation method of the mushroom which makes a culture bag connect with the exterior, and forms a primordial and growth of a fruiting body through this opening part.

In the culture container or culture bag of the present invention, even after the stage in which the mycelium has spread throughout the culture medium, or after the completion of the subsequent low-temperature aging, the aeration is performed as it is through the perforated part for ventilation. The supply of oxygen necessary for growth is continued as it is, and the functions of retaining humidity and moisture in the culture container or culture bag and preventing invasion of germs are maintained as they are.
In addition, in the perforated part for primordial formation at the part in contact with the culture medium that is opened at the stage where the mycelium spreads throughout the culture medium or after completion of the subsequent low-temperature ripening, it is sufficient to ventilate directly through the opening. Since oxygen is supplied and carbon dioxide gas is discharged, stimulation of the mycelium layer is promoted locally, and formation of the primordium can be promoted. In the culture container or the culture bag of the present invention, it communicates directly with the outside through the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth. The communication with the outside is performed locally, and the mycelium is the culture medium. Since it is carried out at the stage where it has spread throughout or after completion of the subsequent low temperature aging, there is almost no practical problem with respect to the invasion of germs from the outside.

  Furthermore, the culture container or the culture bag of the present invention is a medium in which a part of the culture container or the culture bag is removed in order to form a primordium at the stage where the mycelium has spread throughout the culture medium and the subsequent low temperature ripening. The mushroom cultivation method using the culture container or the culture bag is capable of peeling the easily peelable covering member provided in advance at a predetermined time. Since it is possible to carry out in a simple and reliable manner, such as making a perforated part for conventional primordial formation and fruiting body growth, it is greatly efficient, and always a constant shape, By forming the perforated part having a size at a fixed position, it is possible to form a base with little variation in the number of days until the base is formed.

  That is, the present invention specifically relates to a portion of a container or bag that is filled with a culture medium for cultivation of mushrooms, inoculated with an inoculum, and is not in contact with the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag. Provided with a perforated part for ventilation composed of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through, and is opened at a predetermined stage of hyphal culture in a portion of the container or bag in contact with the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag. Or, it is possible to communicate with the outside of the culture bag, and provided with a perforating part for primordial formation and fruiting body growth through which the primordial formation and fruiting body growth are performed. A culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms (Claim 1), a ventilation perforation part composed of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through, and aeration perforations opened in the culture container or culture bag; Passing A culture container or a culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation film made of a microporous film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through is attached to the perforations. An opening formed in a portion of the container or bag in contact with the culture medium of the culture vessel or culture bag, the perforated portion for base formation and fruit body growth covering the opening, and a predetermined stage of mycelial culture A culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms according to claim 1 or claim 2 or a culture medium, wherein the culture container or culture bag is formed by a covering member attached so that it can be peeled off by The plastic material of the culture container or culture bag having an opening formed in the container or bag portion to be formed and the plastic material of the covering member covering the opening are formed of different materials. 3 Culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation (Claim 4), or culture container or culture bag having an opening formed in a part of the container or bag that comes into contact with the culture medium, a culture container formed of polypropylene plastic Alternatively, the cover member made of a polypropylene film and covering the opening is made of a polyethylene film, and the cover member is heated to such an extent that the cover member can be peeled off at a predetermined stage of the mycelial culture. A culture container or bag for cultivation of mushrooms according to claim 4 which is fused (claim 5), or a primordial formation and fruiting body growth formed in a portion of a container or bag in contact with a culture medium The opening of the perforated part for forming is limited to a size necessary for forming one primordium and growing a fruiting body of one strain. Any of 5 The culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms according to claim (Claim 6) or the culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 is filled with a culture medium, sterilized, and then inoculated. Inoculate, seal the culture container or culture bag, and culture while ventilating through the ventilation hole made of aeration film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through, after the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium, or after subsequent low temperature aging At this stage, the covering member at the opening of the piercing part for primordial formation and fruiting body growth is peeled off, the culture vessel or the culture bag is communicated with the outside, and primordial formation and fruiting body growth through the opening. It consists of the cultivation method (claim 7) characterized by performing.

In the mushroom fungus bed artificial cultivation, the present invention performs cooperative control of aeration management, moisture / humidity management, and management for preventing contamination of germs, and management of mycelia and formation of primordial and By effectively managing the growth of fruiting bodies, it is possible to obtain fruiting bodies with excellent quality with high productivity by simple and reliable means.
That is, the culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is provided with a ventilation perforated part composed of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through the part of the container or bag that does not contact the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag, The opening of the culture vessel or bag can be communicated with the outside of the culture vessel or culture bag by opening it at a predetermined stage of cultivation of the mycelium in the portion of the vessel or bag in contact with the culture medium of the culture vessel or culture bag. It can be formed as a culture container or a culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms with a simple structure in which a base for forming a base and growth of a fruit body through which a base is formed are provided.

  The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention using the culture container or culture bag uses the culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation, and controls aeration, moisture / humidity, and contamination prevention. The hyphae can be effectively cultured and proliferated, and at the predetermined stage of the culture, that is, at the stage where the hyphae have spread throughout the culture medium, or at the stage where the subsequent low temperature ripening has been completed. The simple operation of opening the perforated part for base formation and growth of the fruiting body is simple and reliable means for the formation of the base and the growth management of the fruiting body. It has a practically excellent effect of making it possible to obtain well.

  Furthermore, by using the culture container or the culture bag of the present invention, the method of creating perforations for primordial formation and fruiting body growth is conventionally performed for the growth of fruiting bodies. At the stage where the mycelium spreads, and after completing the low temperature ripening, a part of the cultivation bag in contact with the culture medium is partially cut or cut off. It can be easily done by simply peeling it off by hand, and it will be possible to form perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth of a certain shape without damaging the mycelium layer surface, making the work much more efficient and always Since the perforated part having a certain shape and size can be formed at a certain position, it is possible to form a base with little variation in the number of days until the base is formed. In addition, the cultivation method of the mushroom using the culture container or the culture bag of the present invention enables formation of a fruit body that is well-formed and has no waste, and the present invention greatly increases its productivity in fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms. It has improved to enable stable cultivation.

  The present invention relates to a culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation that is filled with a culture medium for cultivation of mushrooms and inoculated and cultured to inoculate microorganisms on the part of the container or bag that does not contact the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag. Perforated part for ventilation composed of a ventilation film that does not pass through, and the part of the container or bag that comes into contact with the culture medium of the culture vessel or culture bag, the stage where the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium, or the subsequent low temperature ripening is completed It is possible to communicate with the outside of the culture vessel or the culture bag and to form the primordium and grow the fruiting body through the opening. It consists of a culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms provided with a perforated part. Further, the present invention is to fill the culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms with a culture medium, sterilize, inoculate inoculum, seal the culture container or culture bag, and then ventilate through the perforated part for ventilation. In the predetermined stage, that is, at the stage where the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium, or at the stage when the subsequent low temperature ripening is completed, the covering member at the opening of the perforated part for primordial formation and fruit body growth is peeled off. The cultivation method comprises a mushroom cultivation method in which a culture vessel or a culture bag is communicated with the outside, and formation of a primordial and growth of fruiting bodies are performed through the opening.

  The shape of the cultivation container or cultivation bag for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be provided with perforations for aeration, primordial formation, and fruit body growth. It is preferable that the tube has a gusset fold at both ends and is fused to one end of a tube made of a synthetic polymer film. A vent hole is provided in a portion of the bag that does not come into contact with the culture medium, and air passes through the hole. A microporous film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through is attached, and a perforation for primordial formation and fruit body growth is provided in the portion of the bag that comes into contact with the lower culture medium from the portion where the ventilation film is attached. A structure in which a cover member made of a material different from that of the bag is fused so as to cover the perforation can be exemplified. Although the shape of the bag is a gusset folded and the bottom is fused, the gusset folded bag is suitable for subsequent management because it can maintain a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape when filled with the contents. In addition, the perforation position for aeration for attaching the aeration film is formed at the upper part of the bag at a position where it does not come into contact with the culture medium and is not folded when the bag mouth is folded in order to avoid contamination with germs.

  As a material used for forming the culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation of the present invention, a plastic material is basically used. Here, all the above-mentioned various accessories and fusion parts used for forming the culture container or culture bag of the present invention must be sterilized at a high temperature and pressure of about 125 ° C. for about 2 to 5 hours. The material must be able to withstand the high temperature autoclaving. Examples of plastic materials having such properties include polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, fluororesin film, multilayer OTP film (Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.), and three-layer (TPX layer / adhesive layer / polypropylene layer) film. (Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.) can be used. Moreover, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources, used PET bottles (made of polyethylene terephthalate) used in beverages and the like can be processed and used. Among these, the culture bag is particularly preferably polypropylene, and polypropylene is particularly preferable as a material for the aeration film. Furthermore, polyethylene is preferable as the material for the covering member of the opening of the perforated part for primordial formation and fruit body growth, and low density polyethylene is particularly preferable. The material of the covering member of the opening portion of the perforated portion for forming the ventilation film and the original substrate and for growing the fruit body will be described in detail later. The term “low density” as used herein refers to one produced by a high pressure method (radical polymerization) as a production method.

  The culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms of the present invention is provided with a venting perforated part composed of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through the part of the culture container or culture bag that does not contact the culture medium. A material made of a microporous film can be used as the ventilation film that does not allow the microorganisms to pass through. The breathable film is fused with a breathable film that allows air to pass but does not allow microorganisms to pass so as to cover the vent holes. Even if this ventilation film does not completely block the passage of microorganisms, it has the effects of the present invention if it is blocked to the extent that it does not adversely affect the growth of mycelia actually grown. The breathable film may be made of a synthetic polymer such as polypropylene or polyethylene, which satisfies the above conditions, resists sterilization, is hermetically fused with the bag material, and is hardly peeled off.

  In general, a commercially available film called a microporous film can be used. For example, “Tyvek” from DuPont, “Syntex MB” from Mitsui Chemicals, etc. can be used. The size of the vent holes is preferably 10 to 90 mm in diameter and more preferably 20 to 40 mm from the viewpoint of achieving reliable gas exchange and preventing drying of the fungus bed. The number of perforations for ventilation may be any number, but if it has a diameter (for example, a diameter of 10 to 90 mm) used in the present invention, preferably 2 or less is the workability related to container preparation. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of securing a suitable aeration environment for the growth of mycelium and the formation of fruit bodies, the number is more preferably 1.

  The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is provided with perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth in a portion that contacts the culture medium. The perforations for primordial formation and fruiting body growth are covered with a covering member that can be peeled off at the stage where the mycelium has spread throughout the culture medium, or when the subsequent low temperature aging is completed. Preferably, the piercing for primordial formation and fruit body growth is performed by fusing a covering member for peeling so as to cover the piercing. The covering member resists sterilization, is hermetically fused with the bag material, and is fused so that it can be easily peeled by hand when the hyphae spread throughout the culture medium or after completion of low-temperature aging. It is what I wore. The drilling position for primordial formation and fruiting body growth is at the bottom of the bag (the side part of the container or bag part in contact with the culture medium), avoiding the bottom when filled with the culture medium and making contact with the culture medium It is a position to do.

  Generally, it is a position of 100 to 250 mm from the bottom fusion part of the cultivation bag expressed by the center position of the perforation. The reason for avoiding the setting of the covering member for peeling at the bottom of the rectangular parallelepiped is to prevent the peeling covering member from being accidentally peeled off when filling the culture medium or moving the culture chamber, and to set it on the side surface It is preferable in terms of formation and cultivation management. In addition, the size of the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth is 20 to 90 mm in diameter from the viewpoint of suppressing the number of primordies to be formed and ensuring the thickness of the lower part of the fruit body during the fruit body growth. Preferably, 30-50 mm is more preferable. Furthermore, the number of perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth may be any number. For example, if it has a diameter of 20 to 90 mm, preferably two or less are used for container preparation and covering member peeling. From the viewpoint of workability related to the above, and further, by making it a fruiting body of one strain, it is preferably grown from the viewpoint that the yield is the best as a result of growing larger.

  As the covering member for peeling, since it is desirable that it can be easily peeled off from the bag, a material different from the material used in the culture container or the culture bag is preferable. When fused with the same material as that used in the bag, the fused portion is firmly bonded, making peeling by hand difficult. For example, when a culture container or a culture bag is made of polypropylene, and a polypropylene film that is the same material as the material is fused, the fused portion is firmly adhered, and it is difficult to peel off by hand. In general, a synthetic polymer film other than polypropylene, preferably a high-density polyethylene film (eg, commercially available “Idemitsu high-density polyethylene film; manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.”) or low-density polyethylene film (eg, commercially available “ Idemitsu low density polyethylene film; manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. ”), more preferably low density polyethylene film. The high density as used herein refers to those produced by a medium pressure method and a low pressure method (ion polymerization) as a production method.

  Mushrooms that are subject to mushroom cultivation using the culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can include all mushrooms that are compatible with this cultivation method. Since mushrooms that are preferably grown to fruiting bodies are advantageous in terms of yield, it is preferable to use them for cultivation of mushrooms belonging to the order of the mushroom. A particularly preferred example of cultivation of mushrooms is the artificial cultivation of fungus bed of maitake or beech.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these illustrations.

[Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention. 1 is a cultivation bag (length × width = 450 × 200 mm), 2 is a gusset folding part (length of the folding part = 60 mm), 3 is a ventilation hole provided in the bag (circular and 35 mm in diameter) A “Tyvek” 4 (length × width = 60 × 60 mm) manufactured by DuPont having a size that can be covered was covered, and the periphery was completely fused. Reference numeral 5 in FIG. 2 denotes a fusion part of the ventilation film. 6 is covered with perforations for base formation and fruit body growth provided on the bag, and a covering member 7 having a size capable of reliably covering the perforations, and heated at 200 to 250 ° C. for 0.8 to 1.2 seconds. In addition, it was fused to a strength that can withstand long-term high-pressure sterilization and that can be easily peeled off by hand. Reference numeral 8 in FIG. 3 denotes a fusion part of the covering member. In this example, a polypropylene bag (“Hyden Inflation Film” manufactured by Ise Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used, the gusset was folded, and the bottom 9 was fused to obtain a cultivation bag 1.

  The ventilation film 4 is a microporous film that blocks microorganisms and allows air to freely pass therethrough. In this embodiment, the covering member 7 is a high-density polypropylene film. Also, as the position of the perforation for ventilation, the bottom of the cultivation bag is expressed by the position where it does not come into contact with the culture medium and is not folded when the bag mouth is folded in order to avoid contamination with bacteria, that is, the center position of the perforation. On the other hand, the piercing position for primordial formation and fruiting body growth is at the lower part of the bag, avoiding the bottom when filled with culture medium and forming a rectangular parallelepiped, and in contact with the culture medium, That is, it is the position of the upper part 140 mm from the bottom fusion part of the cultivation bag expressed by the center position of the perforation. The shape of the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth was circular, and the size was 40 mm in diameter.

  For cultivation of beech, a culture medium (mixed with hardwood sawdust 700 g, dried okara 85 g, dried beer koji 85 g, tap water 1630 g) is filled in the bag from the bottom fusion part of the cultivation bag to the upper 220-240 mm position. The medium was stuffed and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 50 minutes (pressure sterilization) to prepare 12 media. About 2 g of inoculum per bag of inoculum of Bunaharitake BNH-3 strain (FERM BP-6697, internationally deposited at Tsukuba Patent Organism Depositary. JP 2000-300066) is placed in the culture medium in a sterilized bag. After folding the mouth in triplicate and closing with tape, culturing for 60 days in a dark room at a temperature of 24 ° C. and a humidity of 70%. With the mycelium spreading throughout the culture medium, the temperature is 14 ° C. and the humidity is 90%. The cover member 7 was peeled off by hand at the stage where it was transferred to a room of 200 lux continuously and aged at low temperature for 20 days. It takes about 1 minute to peel off the 12 bacterial beds, and it is possible to easily form the primordial formation and fruit body growth perforations with the same shape, size and location of the perforations in a very short time. In addition, it was possible to form openings for primordial formation and fruit body growth so as not to damage the hyphal layer surface. After the covering member was peeled off, the primordium was formed from the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth in an average of 3.0 days, and cultivation was continued in a room at a temperature of 14 ° C., a humidity of 90% and a continuous of 200 lux. By the way, it grew to 1 beech haritake fruiting body after an average of 13.7 days from the formation of the primordium. The obtained fruit bodies averaged 556.4 g / medium, and the total number of cultivation days required for cultivation was an average of 96.7 days (n = 12).

[Comparative Example 1]
In the cultivation bag for cultivation of mushrooms shown in FIG. 1 (cultivation bag 1 described in Example 1), a cultivation bag without perforations 6 for forming the base and growing fruit bodies and without the covering member 7 was used. In cultivating mushrooms, the conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth were formed using a cutting tool. The perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth had the same shape, size and location as 6 shown in the culture bag of FIG. The operation of forming the opening for primordial formation and fruit body growth of 12 bags of fungus beds is about 60 minutes, and for primordial formation and fruit body growth so as not to damage the hyphal layer surface. It was difficult to form the opening. After formation of perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth, primordial bases were formed from punctures for primordial formation and fruit body growth in an average of 4.7 days. The formation of the primordium was significantly delayed in 4 of the 12 beds). After primordium formation, cultivation was continued in a room at a temperature of 14 ° C., a humidity of 90%, and a continuous 200 lux. As a result, an average of 13.9 days after the formation of the primordium, it grew into a single beech tree. The obtained fruiting bodies averaged 543.2 g / medium and the total number of cultivation days required for cultivation was an average of 98.6 days (n = 12).

[Comparative Example 2]
The conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 1 except that the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth were set at the center of the bottom of the fungus bed. The operation of forming the opening for primordial formation and fruit body growth of 12 bags of fungus beds is about 60 minutes, and for primordial formation and fruit body growth so as not to damage the hyphal layer surface. It was difficult to form the opening. After formation of perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth, primordia were formed from perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth in an average of 7.8 days. The formation of primordium was significantly delayed in 8 of 12 bacterial beds. Cultivation was continued in a room at a temperature of 14 ° C., a humidity of 90%, and a continuous 200 lux as it was after the formation of the primordium. As a result, it grew to a single beech tree fruit body 13.7 days after the formation of the primordial group. The obtained fruiting bodies averaged 467.3 g / medium and the total number of cultivation days required for cultivation was an average of 101.5 days (n = 12).

[Comparative Example 3]
The conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 1 except that the size of the perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth was circular with a diameter of 100 mm. The operation of forming the opening for primordial formation and fruit body growth of 12 bags of fungus beds is about 90 minutes, and for primordial formation and fruit body growth so as not to damage the hyphal layer surface. It was difficult to form the opening. An average of 5.3 days after formation of perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth was formed from perforations for primordial formation and fruit body growth. The formation of the primordial group was markedly delayed in those marked with (5 out of 12 bacterial beds). After the primordial formation, cultivation was continued in a room at a temperature of 14 ° C., a humidity of 90%, and a continuous 200 lux. As a result, it grew only to a large number of small beech tree bodies 13.7 days after the formation of the primordial base. The obtained fruit bodies averaged 198.3 g / medium, and the total number of cultivation days required for cultivation was an average of 101.3 days (n = 12).

It is a perspective view of the culture bag for mushroom cultivation of this invention in the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the ventilation | gas_flowing perforation of the culture bag for mushroom cultivation of this invention, and the ventilation | gas_flowing film melt | fused so that this piercing | covering might be covered. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the covering member fuse | fused so that this piercing | piercing for the primordial formation and fruit body growth of the culture bag for mushroom cultivation of this invention may be covered.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation bag 2 Gazette folding part 3 Vent perforation 4 Vent film 5 Vent film fusion part 6 Perforation for primordial formation and fruit body growth 7 Cover member 8 Cover member fusion part 9 Cultivated bag fusion part

Claims (7)

Fill the culture medium for cultivation of mushrooms, inoculate and inoculate the inoculum, and in the culture container or culture bag for cultivation of mushrooms, a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through the portion of the container or bag that does not contact the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag Provided with a configured perforated part, and opens at a predetermined stage of the mycelium culture to communicate with the outside of the culture container or culture bag in the container or bag part that comes into contact with the culture medium of the culture container or culture bag A culturing vessel for cultivating mushrooms, characterized by providing a primordial formation for forming a primordial and a fruiting body through the opening and a perforating part for growing the fruiting body, Culture bag. The ventilation perforation part composed of a ventilation film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through is a perforation for ventilation formed in a culture container or a culture bag, and a ventilation film made of a microporous film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through the air. The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the culture container or culture bag is mounted. An opening formed in a portion of a container or bag in contact with a culture medium of a culture container or a culture bag, and a perforation part for primordial formation and fruiting body growth, covering the opening, and a predetermined mycelium culture The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the culture container or culture bag is formed by a covering member attached so that it can be peeled off in stages. The plastic material of the culture container or the culture bag having an opening formed in the container or bag portion that contacts the culture medium and the plastic material of the covering member that covers the opening are formed of different materials. The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to claim 3. A culture vessel or culture bag having an opening formed in a portion of a container or bag that comes into contact with a culture medium is composed of a culture container formed of polypropylene plastic or a culture bag formed of polypropylene film, and the opening is The covering member is made of a polyethylene film, and the covering member is heat-sealed to such an extent that the covering member can be peeled off at a predetermined stage of the mycelial culture. Culture container or culture bag. Openings in the primordial formation and fruit body growth perforations formed in the portion of the container or bag in contact with the culture medium to form one primordial and grow one fruit body The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the culture container is formed to have a required size. The culture container or culture bag for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 is filled with a culture medium, sterilized, inoculated with an inoculum, sealed in the culture container or culture bag, and aerated so as not to allow microorganisms to pass through. Culturing while ventilating through a perforated part made of film, and opening of the perforated part for primordial formation and fruit body growth at the stage where the mycelium spreads throughout the culture medium or after the low temperature aging A method for cultivating a mushroom, comprising peeling off the covering member of the material, allowing the culture container or culture bag to communicate with the outside, and forming a primordial and growing a fruiting body through the opening.