JP2005238998A - Construction machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the assembling workability by facilitating engine mounting work on a frame structure and the like. <P>SOLUTION: An engine unit 13 is composed of an engine mounting base plate 14, the engine 16, a hydraulic pump 18, a heat exchanger 19, an engine cover 20, and the like. The engine unit 13 is mounted on a swivelling frame 5 so as to be mounted and dismounted. By this configuration, the assembling workability can be improved because the engine 16, the hydraulic pump 18, the heat exchanger 19, etc., which require much time and labor in a piping and wiring work, can be assembled beforehand in a factory, and the like. In addition, the engine unit 13 can be easily mounted on the swivelling frame 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator or a hydraulic crane having an engine on a frame structure.

  Generally, a hydraulic excavator, a hydraulic crane, and the like are known as construction machines. For example, a hydraulic excavator is mounted on a self-propelled lower traveling body and is swingably mounted on the lower traveling body via a swivel device. The upper swing body and a working device provided on the front side of the upper swing body so as to be able to move up and down are configured.

  The upper swing body is disposed at the front side of the swing frame, a cab provided by an operator on the left front side of the swing frame, a counterweight attached to a rear end portion of the swing frame, and the counterweight. The engine is generally constituted by an engine that drives a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic oil tank that stores hydraulic oil, a fuel tank that stores fuel, a building cover that is provided so as to cover the engine and the like.

  Furthermore, there are large-sized excavators used in mines and the like. Since this large hydraulic excavator has a large overall outer dimension and a heavy weight, it exceeds the loading capacity of a trailer for transportation as it is and cannot travel on a general road (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

  Therefore, in the large hydraulic excavator, the lower traveling body and the working device can be divided into a plurality of parts. The upper swing body is also configured to be able to divide the swing frame, cab, counterweight, engine, hydraulic oil tank, fuel tank, and the like.

  On the other hand, there is a hydraulic excavator configured as a separate engine unit to which a power system such as an engine and a hydraulic pump can be attached and detached. That is, the swivel frame is configured as an engine mount in which the front portion is a front frame from the front and rear intermediate portions, and the rear portion is a rear frame. In addition, a cab, a hydraulic oil tank, a fuel tank, a building cover, and the like are mounted on the front frame. On the other hand, the engine mount is equipped with an engine, a hydraulic pump, a heat exchanger, and the like serving as a power system, and these are covered with an engine cover separate from the building cover (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  And when assembling a hydraulic excavator, after assembling a power system with complicated piping work and wiring work in another place, the front end face of this engine unit faces the front frame and the rear end face of the building cover. Install using the bolts. Further, a counterweight is attached to the rear end surface of the engine unit.

JP 2001-193101 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-42349

  By the way, according to the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, when a hydraulic excavator is transported, it is disassembled into a swing frame, a cab, a counterweight, an engine, a tank, etc., and each is assembled at a work site, and piping and wiring are applied. Yes. However, parts related to the engine, such as the engine, a hydraulic pump attached to the engine, engine cooling water, a heat exchanger that cools hydraulic oil, etc., are complicated in piping work and wiring work. There is a problem that a lot of labor and time are required for the work.

  On the other hand, since the hydraulic excavator according to Patent Document 2 is bolted with the front end surface of the engine unit facing the front frame and the rear end surface of the building cover, the weight of the engine unit acts on each mounting portion. Will do. For this reason, it is necessary to use materials and parts having high strength for the respective mounting portions and bolts used for mounting, and there is a problem that the weight increases and the manufacturing cost increases.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to facilitate the assembly operation of the engine unit while reducing the strength of the portion related to the mounting of the engine unit, and to reduce the weight and cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine that can achieve the above.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a frame structure having a left and right main frame which constitutes a vehicle body and extends in the left and right directions with an interval in the left and right directions. And an engine unit having an engine mounting board.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the engine mounting board constituting the engine unit includes a left and right frame straddling portion protruding upward so as to straddle the left and right main frames, respectively, and And a concave portion recessed downward to accommodate the engine oil pan.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the mounting bracket for supporting the engine is provided on the upper surface of the left and right frame straddling portions.

  According to the invention of claim 1, since the engine unit having the engine mounted on the engine mounting board is provided in the frame structure, the weight of the engine unit is received by the frame structure formed with high strength. Can do. As a result, the engine mounting board can be formed with low strength and light weight in terms of material and structure, and bolts used for mounting can be suppressed to a strength sufficient to fix the engine unit or the like to the frame structure. it can. As a result, the weight of the vehicle body can be reduced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  In addition, since the engine unit can be assembled in another place with good workability, it is possible to efficiently perform complicated piping work, wiring work, etc., and to easily assemble the frame structure. . In addition, when changing engines, by preparing another engine unit assembled in a factory with a good working environment, it can be replaced in a short period of time, shortening the downtime of construction machinery. can do. Further, the reliability of the mounted engine unit can be improved.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the engine mounting board can be mounted so as to straddle the main frame of the frame structure with the frame straddling portion protruding upward, and the main frame of the frame structure can be covered. As a result, the appearance can be improved, and the attachment of the decorative cover or the like can be omitted, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  Further, when the engine is mounted on the engine mounting board, the oil pan protruding downward from the engine can be accommodated in the concave portion. Thereby, since the engine can be disposed at a low position, the height dimension of the vehicle body can be kept low, and the rear view can be widened to improve workability and safety.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the engine can be supported by the mounting bracket on the left and right frame straddling portions, the weight of the engine can be directly received by the main frame, and the engine is It can be supported stably.

  Hereinafter, as a construction machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, a large hydraulic excavator will be described as an example and described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a large hydraulic excavator as a construction machine. The hydraulic excavator 1 is capable of self-propelled crawler type lower traveling body 2 and can be swung on the lower traveling body 2 via a turning device 3. An upper swinging body 4 that constitutes a vehicle body together with the lower traveling body 2, and a work device (not shown) that is provided on the front side of the upper swinging body 4 so as to be able to be lifted and lowered and that performs excavation work of earth and sand. It is roughly constituted by.

  Further, the large hydraulic excavator 1 is configured so that it can be divided into a plurality of parts because the overall external dimensions and weight exceed the dimensions and weight that can be transported on a general trailer for transportation. Yes. The upper swing body 4 is generally composed of a swing frame 5, a cab 8, a counterweight 9, a hydraulic oil tank 10, a fuel tank 11, a building cover 12, an engine unit 13, and the like, which will be described later. And can be transported.

  Reference numeral 5 denotes a revolving frame as a frame structure that forms the base of the upper revolving structure 4, and the revolving frame 5 is attached to the lower traveling body 2 via the revolving device 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. And left and right main frames 7 and 7 which are provided on the upper surface side of the bottom plate 6 and extend forward and rearward with an interval in the left and right directions.

  Here, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the left and right main frames 7 and 7 are brackets 7A and 7A whose front side protrudes in a mountain shape, and the working device can move up and down on each bracket 7A. Mounted. The left and right main frames 7, 7 extend rearward from the bracket 7A with a substantially I-shaped cross section on the rear side. Each main frame 7 can stably support a counterweight 9 and an engine unit 13, which will be described later, by forming a rear portion of the main frame 7 with a high-strength I-shape.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rear portion of the main frame 7 is fixed to the lower plate 7B, the vertical plate 7C fixed on the lower plate 7B, and the upper end portion of the vertical plate 7C. The upper plate 7D and the upper plate 7D are formed in a substantially I-shaped section. Further, a plurality of bolt insertion holes 7E penetrating upward and downward are formed on the rear side of the lower plate 7B and the upper plate 7D at a position sandwiching the vertical plate 7C.

  Reference numeral 8 denotes a cab (see FIG. 1 and the like) which is located on the left side of the front part of the upper swing body 4 and is provided on the swing frame 5. The cab 8 defines a cab, and an operator is seated in the cab. A driver's seat, an operation lever, and the like (all not shown) are arranged.

  Reference numeral 9 denotes a counterweight attached to the rear end of the revolving frame 5, and the counterweight 9 is formed with a large weight in order to balance the weight with the working device. The counterweight 9 is bolted to the rear ends of the left and right main frames 7.

  Reference numeral 10 denotes a hydraulic oil tank (see FIG. 2 and the like) provided on the revolving frame 5 at the rear side of the cab 8, and the hydraulic oil tank 10 stores hydraulic oil supplied to a hydraulic pump 18 described later. It is. A fuel tank 11 is provided on the revolving frame 5 on the right front side of an engine unit 13 to be described later, and the fuel tank 11 stores fuel to be supplied to an engine 16 to be described later.

  12 is a building cover provided between the rear side of the hydraulic oil tank 10 and the left side of the fuel tank 11 and the front side of the fuel tank 11, and the building cover 12 includes a control valve group, a controller, etc. (all not shown). Z).

  An engine unit 13 is positioned on the front side of the counterweight 9 and disposed on the revolving frame 5. The engine unit 13 is detachably mounted on the left and right main frames 7 and 7 of the revolving frame 5. ing. Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 and the like, the engine unit 13 is roughly constituted by an engine mounting board 14, an engine 16, a hydraulic pump 18, a heat exchanger 19, an engine cover 20, and the like which will be described later.

  Reference numeral 14 denotes an engine mounting board serving as a base of the engine unit 13. The engine mounting board 14 is made of, for example, a material such as a steel plate, and is formed in a substantially rectangular shape that is long in the left and right directions. Further, the engine mounting board 14 has frame straddling portions 14A and 14A protruding upward so that portions corresponding to the left and right main frames 7 and 7 straddle the main frames 7, respectively. Moreover, between each frame crossing part 14A becomes the concave-shaped part 14B dented below from each said frame crossing part 14A.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, each frame straddling portion 14A is formed in a U-shape opening downward, and the upper surface plate 14A1 has a screw hole 14A2 at a position corresponding to the bolt insertion hole 7E of the main frame 7, respectively. Is formed. The concave portion 14B is formed in a U-shape that opens upward between the frame straddling portions 14A. The concave portion 14B has an openable / closable cover (not shown) for performing maintenance such as oil replacement, for example. ) Is provided.

  Furthermore, a total of four mount brackets 15 are attached to the engine mounting board 14 at positions spaced forward and rearward on the upper surface plate 14A1 of the left and right frame straddling portions 14A. The mount bracket 15 is for attaching an engine mount 17 that supports an engine 16 to be described later.

  The engine mounting board 14 is arranged such that the left and right frame striding portions 14A and 14A straddle the left and right main frames 7 and 7 constituting the revolving frame 5, and in this state, the bolts of the main frames 7 By screwing a distal end side of a bolt 21 to be described later inserted into the insertion hole 7E into the screw hole 14A2 of the frame straddling portion 14A, it can be detachably attached to the revolving frame 5 (main frame 7). . Moreover, the engine mounting board 14 can accommodate the oil pan 16B of the engine 16 in the concave portion 14B.

  Reference numeral 16 denotes an engine provided on the engine mounting board 14, and the engine 16 is arranged in a horizontally placed state extending in the left and right directions. Further, on the right side of the engine 16, a cooling fan 16A for supplying cooling air to a heat exchanger 19 described later is provided. Further, an oil pan 16B projects below the engine 16 so as to hang down, and a cylindrical silencer 16C is provided on the upper side of the engine 16 so as to be located on the rear side. Further, the engine 16 is provided with engine brackets 16D at four positions corresponding to the mounting brackets 15 of the engine mounting board 14 at positions spaced apart left and right with the oil pan 16B interposed therebetween. The engine 16 has engine brackets 16 </ b> D provided at four locations attached to the mount bracket 15 of the engine mounting board 14 via the engine mount 17.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes a hydraulic pump attached to the left side of the engine 16, and the hydraulic pump 18 is driven by the engine 16, so that the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank 10 is used as pressure oil and a control valve group and various actuators (not shown). ).

  A heat exchanger 19 is provided on the right side of the engine mounting board 14 so as to face the cooling fan 16A of the engine 16. The heat exchanger 19 includes a radiator that cools engine cooling water and an oil cooler that cools hydraulic oil. Etc. are constituted.

  An engine cover 20 is provided on the engine mounting board 14 so as to cover the engine 16, the hydraulic pump 18, and the heat exchanger 19, and the engine cover 20 is a left side panel 20 </ b> A erected on the left side of the hydraulic pump 18. A right side panel 20B erected on the right side of the heat exchanger 19, an upper panel 20C positioned on the upper side of the engine 16 and the like, with both ends attached between the upper ends of the side panels 20A and 20B, an engine A front panel 20D that covers the front side of the engine 16 and the like, and a rear panel 20E (illustrated in FIG. 6) that covers the rear side of the engine 16 and the like are formed in a box shape. Further, a silencer cover 20F is provided on the engine cover 20, and a silencer 16C of the engine 16 is accommodated in the silencer cover 20F.

  Reference numeral 21 denotes a plurality of bolts for mounting the engine unit 13 on the revolving frame 5. Each bolt 21 is inserted from the bolt insertion hole 7E of the lower plate 7B of the main frame 7 through the cylindrical spacer 22 into the bolt insertion hole 7E of the upper plate 7D. And the engine unit 13 is fixed with respect to the main frame 7 by screwing the front-end | tip part of each volt | bolt 21 which protruded upwards to the screw hole 14A2 of the frame straddle part 14A which comprises the engine mounting board | substrate 14. FIG. .

  Here, each bolt 21 attaches the engine unit 13 to the revolving frame 5, but the weight of the engine unit 13 can be received by the revolving frame 5. Therefore, each bolt 21 only needs to be fixed so that the engine unit 13 does not move on the revolving frame 5, and a small-diameter bolt can be used.

  Next, the procedure for assembling and attaching the engine unit 13 configured as described above to the revolving frame 5 will be described.

  First, the engine unit 13 can be assembled not in a narrow place on the revolving frame 5, but in another wide place where the work can be easily performed, for example. When the engine unit 13 is assembled, the engine 16 provided with the hydraulic pump 18 is mounted on the engine mounting board 14 via the engine mounts 17. In this state, piping work and wiring work related to the engine 16 are performed. Next, the heat exchanger 19 is attached to the engine mounting board 14 and connected to the engine 16 or the like, and the engine cover 20 is attached so as to cover the engine 16 or the like, thereby assembling the engine unit 13.

  When the engine unit 13 is assembled in this way, the engine unit 13 is lifted by a crane or the like as shown in FIG. 10 with respect to the upper swing body 4 shown in FIG. By lowering the engine unit 13 from this state, the engine unit 13 can be placed on the left and right main frames 7 of the turning frame 5.

  Next, when the engine unit 13 is placed on the left and right main frames 7, bolts 21 are screwed onto the engine mounting board 14 from below the main frames 7 to fix the engine units 13. Then, by performing piping work and wiring work on the engine 16, the hydraulic pump 18, and the heat exchanger 19, the engine unit 13 constituting the power system can be assembled as a part of the hydraulic excavator 1. Further, the engine unit 13 can be removed by performing the operation in the reverse procedure of the assembly procedure described above.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the engine unit 13 is detachably mounted on the left and right main frames 7 of the revolving frame 5, so that the weight of the engine unit 13 is formed with high strength. It can be received by each main frame 7 or the like. As a result, the engine mounting board 14 serving as a mounting portion of the engine unit 13 with respect to the turning frame 5 can be formed of a low-strength material and structure, and the bolt 21 used for mounting should be small and inexpensive. Can do.

  As a result, it is possible to reduce the weight of the engine unit 13, the bolt 21, etc., and to reduce the weight of the entire hydraulic excavator 1. Further, since inexpensive materials and parts can be used and the processing work can be simplified, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  In addition, the engine unit 13 can assemble the engine 16, the hydraulic pump 18, the heat exchanger 19, and the like, which require labor for piping work and wiring work, in another wide place where the work can be easily performed, thereby improving the assembling workability. be able to. Further, since the engine unit 13 can be transported on a trailer as a single item, it can be easily assembled to the revolving frame 5.

  In addition, when the engine 16 breaks down at the work site, another engine unit 13 assembled in a factory with a good work environment is prepared, so that the engine unit having the good engine 16 mounted on the site in a short time. The exchanging time of the excavator 1 can be shortened. In addition, the engine unit 13 that is replaced and installed can improve durability and reliability as compared with an assembly that is assembled at a work site where dust or the like flies.

  Further, since the engine mounting board 14 can be mounted so as to straddle the main frame 7 of the revolving frame 5 with the frame straddling portion 14A protruding upward, the main frame 7 can be covered. As a result, the appearance can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced by omitting the decorative cover.

  On the other hand, when the engine 16 is mounted on the engine mounting board 14, the oil pan 16B of the engine 16 can be accommodated in the recessed portion 14B that is recessed downward. As a result, the engine 16 can be disposed at a low position, so that the height dimension of the engine cover 20 and the like can be kept low, and the rear view from the cab 8 is widened to improve workability and safety. be able to.

  Since the engine mounting board 14 is provided with the mounting bracket 15 for mounting the engine 16 on the upper surface plate 14A1 of the frame straddling portion 14A directly above the main frame 7, the weight of the engine 16 is directly applied to the main frame 7. The engine 16 can be supported stably.

  Further, since the engine mounting board 14 of the engine unit 13 is fixed using the bolts 21 attached from the lower side of the revolving frame 5, the engine unit 13 is released by loosening the bolts 21 from the lower side of the revolving frame 5. Can be easily attached and detached, and work efficiency can be improved.

  In the embodiment, the engine mounting board 14 of the engine unit 13 has been described by taking as an example the case where one steel plate is bent to form the frame straddling portions 14A and 14A and the concave portion 14B. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, like the engine unit 31 according to the modified example shown in FIG. 11, the engine mounting board 32 has a concave shape with the frame straddling portions 32A and 32A by fixing a plurality of steel plates by welding. It is good also as a structure which forms the part 32B.

  In the embodiment, the large excavator 1 in which the upper swing body 4 and the like can be divided into a plurality of parts has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention may be applied to a medium-sized or small-sized hydraulic excavator in which only the engine unit constituting the upper swing body can be attached and detached.

  Furthermore, in the embodiment, the crawler hydraulic excavator 1 is described as an example of the construction machine. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to, for example, a hydraulic excavator provided with a wheel-type lower traveling body. Further, the present embodiment can be widely applied to other construction machines such as a hydraulic crane.

1 is a front view showing a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the upper revolving body in FIG. It is a left view which shows a hydraulic shovel. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the engine unit attached to the left and right main frames as viewed from the direction of arrows IV-IV in FIG. 1. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which expands and shows the principal part in FIG. It is a partially broken front view shown with the engine unit removed. It is a left view of the engine unit seen from the arrow VII-VII direction in FIG. It is a top view of the engine unit seen from the arrow VIII-VIII direction in FIG. It is a top view which shows the upper turning body which removed the engine unit. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing which shows the state which lifted the engine unit above the upper revolving body. It is a left view which shows the engine unit by the modification of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Excavator (construction machine)
2 Lower traveling body (car body)
4 Upper swing body (car body)
5 Revolving frame (frame structure)
6 bottom plate 7 main frame 8 cab 9 counterweight 12 building cover 13, 31 engine unit 14, 32 engine mounting board 14A, 32A frame straddle 14B, 32B concave 15 mount bracket 16 engine 16A cooling fan 16B oil pan 16C silencer 16D Engine bracket 17 Engine mount 18 Hydraulic pump 19 Heat exchanger 20 Engine cover 21 Bolt

Claims (3)

  A frame structure having a left and right main frame that constitutes a vehicle body and extends in the left and right directions with an interval in the left and right directions, and an engine mounting board that is provided in the frame structure and in which the engine is mounted. A construction machine comprising an engine unit.   The engine mounting board constituting the engine unit is provided between the left and right frame straddling portions projecting upward so as to straddle the left and right main frames, respectively, and between each of the frame straddling portions. The construction machine according to claim 1, further comprising: a concave portion that is recessed downward so as to accommodate the housing.   The construction machine according to claim 2, further comprising a mounting bracket that supports the engine on an upper surface portion of the left and right frame straddling portions.

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